Richmond enquirer. [volume], January 18, 1831, Image 2

About Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867

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Is lliui ei*at|ilit'J by lh«<« statements, ll to alee
shown that the diversion of ft Into Indirect and clr
rmt hi* channel* does not coufer equally subataat a'
advantage* noon the Hri iah uorth-ru c. Ionia#.
With thU vl*w of the subject, the undersigned lake*
le .ee to ask, wh/ m tv not these suopliee, which
iuu«t thua nece-smi'y hr drawn fr»m the Uni'ed S'*tea,
b* furm-hd hy in*ana of a dl'ect ita'e? It wiust be
a Imitted, that the evil* of the indirect'ml* fall upon
fits plan'er*. Among three m>y ha con >d-*re4, the
♦ hare-**'* dcu'la frel, fit and In uianee, 'heexpeore
of tr nehtpmeot. soil ’h* enitimi*»ton» and duttea in
the uet'ral Mends esHhl ited t &<> p*r C n». Oil the
fliat coit of lumber, and !mui IJ to 20 p-f trtl'. On
provision*. Si I ir a« till « es'irna - r'llt'S to lumber,
it i« lul y warranted by the otn-ial icc tin’ »I the com
parade-1 i>rr*< of 'hat attid* ill .1 tinalra, in the year*
1925 aid I82S. already submit ed to the £ rl ol A'>er
d*en; a, tl «» it reapecta j ruvisious, the du y of ft *liil
Hug* per Itarr I on II mr. and in proportion on other
article', a ro npl teiy «natal >* it
I) it to theta evil*, g e it as bey are, must b« added
the lo al luu of tli- mailtat off-red by theUuited Stater,
uud -r a dne-t trade, the e|t«')l and advantage* of
wli'ch ' *• e a'r-udy been 'hown, and would have ccn
tinned for an indefinite leng'h of time, il no' interrupt
ed by •>■'* ros'ricions. I: la Hue. the cultivation of
sugar had he. n com.uen-ed, and it extending in the
Uni'n I N»s»e», but tin or ifilllunities and impediment*
arising f orn tbe t a''ire cf t're climat.i and the f.equen'
i> jury I' the cro us, hy lie variableness of the searooa
It bn to contend, die, with the *up*riorliy if oot the
itn!>apen«ahle n^c-s-ity ot foreign sugar (or the purpose
ol the r» finer Tbe demand of the litter is rteadf**i
and increa-i. |g. being commenuirat", not merely with
the lyin uuipuoo ol refill'd -ugrr in the United S ate»,
but .be g»o*v|ng tra.le in it wi h all parte ol the world.
Ths export,! i >o of reftn d sugar has aho be-n fur
ther enenurg >d hy a recent augmen ation of the draw*
hack pi .ring it on an »qial Ino ing with domestic su
gar in reepact to f r«ign unrkve. Under these cir
cuins'S'ce*t wlii'c 'he direct trade remain'd open,
there would, a* ha* bean said, Im's continued a great
and ang'i'nling rl'iniml fir the West India sugars, for
an indefinite length of 11m*. The p'sssnt restrictions,
hotve v* r, menace the planter wi h listotalloa,if:nfac
they hare not a’r-ady insured it. In proper ion as they
augment t e 'iuh*rr.••men’s and txpense ot the trade
with the Briti-h West India Islands, they compel the
Uni'ed Su e. to grow their own augar. and act as
b>u<i*ie4 to ei course" and improv i its cultivation; or
they induce 'h-ni to 1 oV tor their indispensable sup
plies to other blind.’, more literal iu their commercial
regulations.
Ill iiiftin I|IM in« pumrri, \ur.y iu»n *
mark t, arrp'e, ra otrn', profitable and contiguous, find
no mdatntjifi -a'Ion in that of |S( Northern Jtosssveioor,
who-* rnti-iinuillou ia compart ively limited, nar in
<bat of tha in«'h«r country; for there, in a 'diti n to the
low p ic. s atrradv adverted to, they tnuat encounter
th • sugar of the M 'U-iti’j*, which being now placed ou
an-quality rrith their own, has iacraased the amount
rf in itnvariation, in the rour-e of five years, (ram
4 800 to h 'le ln>, s« it is beli'ved, than 80,000 tons.
F.om th s e'ste of things, therelo-e, serious Injury
arises to tha trade, bo:h of the Unite4 S;ate« and 11 the
British tV s' India I-lands. Sj far as that i-jury
pres-e* upon th* latter, it is confidently submitted
wheihrr plenary reh'l nn b* fotmd, as ha* been stip
jo *d,in the reduction of ho duties upon their proJure,
mil-«s it be in a manner to give them a monopoly in
Iho 'oin* market, equal to ’hat of wtdeh they bars
he-n deprived in the Uni ed Slat--; or sven then, un
less th reduction tie in prcpirtlon, not metely to the
lo in! th - make'. hut to ’he incre»**d charges incident
to the itnllr-ri trade tor their nece- ary sup|>liss,
Th* supply of -ug^r i* alreaty greater th-ti the de
mand ot th* home ma k<M, and h- amoun* ol reduc
tion ot duty ton Id - ot h* acVar gain to the p1 »o t» r, h • -
raue- it would h» »l*i n'teuded with a partiai fall ol -he
pric-, and hi* vain could be in proportion o tt<e !a* e
only. Tlii* "•(ills ot rrltel, wi l eu' a cr r e-pondent r*- |
duction of the bounty allowed to "■» r--liner, would be i
pr* judicial to ih- rev-noe. Mil with such redi etiur, |
much more it jutious to the r finer; m l if,as t may w-ll
he -uonr»s» l, nn« hill, at least, ol ills sug-rs imported
Irom the W *t Indies ate marufaetiiretl lor exp-wia'icii.
i'is it-tbk-ly tiia' such mod* ol relnlwoud, in any
event, he hi n<* tidal lo the planter.
It is sug.estet, with great respect and il*f*r-rcc,
that th* more oht i »u* and natiml ren e lv for an sv'1,
wl.i h *|| rnuat a lint*, would be to remov- the ciu-e.
This would h • i'ons ky cli*»pen’n< th* -upnli**. and
• xteidma tie mark-'for th* producticus of the 1*1
and*, and by autboriz-ng a direct trade w b the United
States, to a degre* co umeotiirife with th ■ interest and
nace-sides ct the inlands, and on such 'e.'ina as te
rn >w allowed fur sun l-.r purpi-a* to all the ra*t of ths
will,
Ti e partial applie I'ion of a like '#me ’y produc'd a
salutary '(feet Mom 1825 to 1828; anf, therefore, it j
may well be pr'Sii tied that a more thorough *xperl j
•B*nt ou both'id#-, a' present, would be fill more be- I
ns tidal. At thsl time, uotloubfedly, Ike Hri.i-h Not- j
tt ern poa*e*a on* net’.her eomplaiu-d nor li»d cause o’ l
complaint; still l*«« can at y such cause l ave arisen
since, a« th*ir monopoly of th* direct tra'e, Inst-ad of
rslirving, has o ily aggravated the etiiTetingt of tli*
plaoteis !
It ha.* been Mated 'ojhe under-lgn*d, however, a*
th-opinion ol G'r*at Hrit-in, th-t, while devi ing rr.ea
stir -s for file r* i*f ot ih - W -at Ind es, it is, a’ t>>e asm*
time, indi*pe: sably nefo*rary to ronti'er ths claims ol
tha No'th*rn pos*es*ionv to he pro se el in the en
joyment ol c-rtain eccidetitsl advantage*. Though ths
undersign'd hy no m um admit* the ju-tice ol ihe*e
claims, he would ob»-rv*, that, if they are to receive
pro'ect.on, it ought, at lca-l, to he effe- ted in -ome way
uot ineoo-iatent ivith the rnrdiutrd relief ul the pl*n
te-s Ti i< m'ght he done hy gran lug grea’er facili
tie* for the intrrd irtton of the produce of th* Northern
po—e* ions into the mo her country—a measure which
ms.mid not rnsr-ly hen-fit th-m, but would en«n e im
portant ad vantages to Great B-itain, hy increasing tier
tsvrn'is, and ailsmei.ling ai d perpetuadng the cun
•uiTiption ol her manufacture* in tho e possession*.
Hot the ->r p-*i'inn dos* n »t go to exdude the p<o
ns of tlie Northern Colonies, or even toexp»-e
them wi'hniit pro er'ion to a competition with those o
lb* Unit'll S’s'e*. I* suppo»es, on the contrary, that,
r» lar as tho former are capable of produring the arti
cles in d mand, a fair preference is already secured te
t'l-rn in the West Inili* market by Ih* teale uf duties
p esertb-d by 'll - act ol 1825, and fully cumins nuirat*
i-on'is'* nt!y w th 'he in'erest* of the plar.t-*r«, with
f-at ot j c'. That scale co- Id only prove In-uffl -i< nt It
the enpa-i'y 'o produce did no* sxi-t, or rlioutd dcprnd
lur its exit* nco upon *u axclusivs mot. p-!y ruinous
to ail o'her Inters s'j.
I: is not for tho undersigned, therefore, t > o'j-etlo
that scale ol duties a* regulated by >he *• I ol 1.825
tlotii’i it inn I be a'!o#**l to give the pioduc inn* of
the Norther; p«<’*s o-t* of (i n( Fi-itin an equal,or
even a l et’er r* ance in tb • Weal India maikrl;but
h • r <| ijr»-» Ih it lb • U lited Stairs, a* far a* they are
capable of >U| plying it* wants, may be permitted, in
common wi h the rest of the world, to contribute stip
pin s by a direct t ade, and ih it they may be the car
riers of stt. h ot thnr own productions a* are indi*pen
ealile cr I igliiy necessary to (he planter* That tba
Northern pi-se-sniis have an interest in th* present
sla'e of thing*, iti* tind'rsignod does not mean to de
ny, n >r ptriirnl.i y to a a e. It is sufficient for him
io repeat what has beenalicady remarked, that the
Jnteres'e which have grown qp in ih it quarter ar» ad
▼entiliou* in th*ir character, and subordinate to all the
great eon- dela'ions connected with this suhj et. Tney
may be ol emne importance in themselves, and yet
there may be views of higher* moment and grander
ecope, to so'ue ol wtiirh allusion ha* aherdy been
male b foie which, in every sense, they ought to
give way.
It will tie difficult to maintain (he propriety of the
r'a m by the Northern posse-sions, that they should
be s cured in the enjoy men! ol a direct trade with all
parts i f the wo I I, and that it should >>• denied lo other
possession* ol (steal Brit do, to whom I is more neces
sary.
Of thscapicity f the Br ti*h West Indies to supply
wt h their productioi • all the deu and* of the Northers
co onit-s, (I ere can he no doub’; yet thorn colonies, by
a direct ttade, may inlioduce similar productions Irom
foreign co mities; why, then, may nst the British i*l- I
aud# he permitted y the same rn*dium to introduce
those artiefo* which the Northern posses' ion* cannot
supply, and for which tlie y sre dependent upon others!
If the Canadian tn.y import from fore'gn countries by
a direct trade merchandise of which h* i« not n need
fer hi* own *tihd.*t» n»e, and which tie nny procure
Iro n other colon'** of Ii eat Britain, why m»y not th*
(Vest Indian receive ho n the Unit d 8 .t«» in the
sail,e direct uianuer ihat wt.ich is in .tlspansahly iisrr*.
s-iry to him. ami will h non* of Lis Msj sty's colonies
can supply?
The unds'.s g'ie.1 do«s avprst-nl to sta‘e. sine" hr
is unable 'o oh’aiu the iulorii.a ion req itsre 11 euahl*
tin o at at* iv i'll seen r if y, Iti* p’ e l*e prop>• tiou whirh
•h" prodnelivts i apart y of th* N irthern no< e.fioi s
bean to tho *a . • of the IV f .dia fohnd*. It |* the ge
neral oi Ini m that tfie product on* of tho-e po**<’e*|tns.
• •peril ly c irn md other bread stuffs, bat little et-eed
th* quan itv required f >r tli*ir own e ifisnmpti' »; »n.'
that the amount •*! ill »*• art cl*s, •ml even of lumber
evpirtel by t i»m lo'h* mother country, (be Weal In
die*, an I too h -r ports, is d*iiv d principally fiom th*
I/.died 8 a;-j, snd f om some oof* of Europe. This
o itui > i Would seem in be rouftrffitd bv the state of
ih* rad* belwee* these |OS--**fon* and t'.e UnifeP
.State*, and f'V tho nsour sgem-nt (teen heretofore, el
prcieuf, by law duties, *o the introduction into ihefr
l»ort*, fiom the l*lt*r of most, if not all, of the foregoing
article*
f he eg port* from the United St'tt to the Biillsh
American Co'oniet eon let principally at hour, meal,
Indian forn, wheat chip bread rice, pot and pearl ashes
butler, and lumber, amounting annually, accenting to,
ib« (IrtuRiibucM ol th* ytir, to from two and on*
half and three and ona halt milllaus ol dollar*, and lit- |
tie iuter or in valua to the asgregrt* export* front th*
United Slate* to th* British West ludia Irlaud* in an o
P*m 'nd*.
The K<rl of Ah*ideru ha* already in*peeted the ul
l) ia1 lahlr* «*t the export* ol dontcs'ie articles from
the Unit'd States dur ug the year 1827; and 'hou h
ior pu'po* • ol comparison, *l<nilar table* for 1828
would b* nio e i»*eci‘S, Ml* believed they would not di
minish, if'hey did uot rd I to (h* weight of thus* ol
1327. From (his state met t, and a recurrenre to
(ho account already explained, to aay no hing ol ill*
a ouul ol produce p**-iog down the St. Liwreoee, of
whi> It. a* ha* been oh*-rvei|, h lie, if any, account i*
'aken In the United Sta'ss, the Eai I of Aberdeen will
perceive that al'or a full experiinet t ot the advantages
afTmled to the Biitirh Northern Colon!--* I y th* prerrnt
course of trade, they are in fact dependent upon tbe
Uni el State* for considerably more than double tbe a
ntouuf of tl.o r exporta to the BtitUh We*' I die*.
fly t' e*e statements, i* appeari ihsl.iti 1823 the Bri
tish No-'It rn Colonies exported to tbe Biii-h We**
Island* 45.435 bushel* ol corn and grain, and a* far a*
th* tr*drt in 1827 may bn con-id r-d indie rive of 'hv
ot 1323, »h-y received from the Uni'ed Snte* 83,45*
bu-helr ot the **ine articles; thtt, of fl mr and u>eal.
ihey received 'roru the United State* |3i),77H barrel*,
and « xported to ihn We-t Indies only S8,76l>; and th*t
a I ke proforlion is observable in the ar e'e* of ship
bread, and tdarui , and rice. Of liintbrr, tbe official
table* i f :he Uuitrd Sta r* are not supposed to art rd a
i jr satislac ory accouii'; a id in respect to pot aod p’»rl
j- h •*, the Bit'iah -tuemm' i* ril-nt; though il will
prohsb y be c-mceded that the supplie* ot ihe litter ar
ticles are piiiicipally liom the Uuited Stale*.
On to^kii g In the large am until ol iinprrta'inn* from
(he UuHed Stale* by the British northern colonies,
comparatively small • xporta ion frein ill* latter to the
British West Indie* caanot escape observation. That
(he«e ialands require much mire than the quantity fur
ni*ed them by the north, ia ahown, no! only by the
table of :heir direct trad# with the United S ates, bu'
by the amount furni-hed at present, ued.-r all the pres
sure of the discriminating du*i«-s from the forei, a West
Indies. It is a matter, in Ur*, ih t doe* not admit of
• doubt. That the northern c >l<>nies do not, under th<-**
circumstance*, send more ot the produce received by
them from the United Slates, must be rithrr because
a great part of it it absorbed by the demand* for the
homo cou*ump(ian, or that it is r ece-s-iry fir thel* ex
port trade with other parts of the world. The first
cau-e «a'i*f»';torily evince* the incapacity o' those pos
sessions, eveu under their present advantage*, 'o aug
ment, in ary ronsiderattlo degree, their own p-odue
tienr; the U>t doe* not merely evince thi*, but mani
fee's more strikingly th* inexpediensy of their claim to
t monopoly of (he trade with th* W**i Indie* to th* ex
clusion ol (he United Slat *, upon whore productions
they are them*el\'os d.-pnndent, not only for their
trade with t'e West Indies, but also tor that with
the mother country, a:.d with th* foreign European
parts.
[to de comci.cded.]
FOREIGN RELATIONS.
The National Intelligencer of Wednesday last con- I
tains the following articles, viz:
7’ki Turkuh Treaty. — Who thn correspondent of thn N. York j
pxpvr it, from which we copy thn annexed letter, we do not know;
but undariUnding that the statement is aulMtentially correct, we
ate induced to instol it for the infoinintion of our readers*.
“Washijsqtoix, I'ec. I8lh, 1830.
“There aeeina to he an opinion pr.vailing here, that the treaty
wilh the Huhlimn Port# in not received by the Senate with much
favor. Rumor asserls thut a ferret article gives to Turkey soma
privileges or facilities in our ports for building or fitting out ships
of wai, which it wns not thought mlvumblc to incorporate into
the treaty; and thare ars some who any that Capt. IJuhlle refused,
for a long time, to agree to such an article, and Hint he lies writ
ten home a long letter of niplanalion on that point. It is thought
that tho oiler of this nrtieln on our part, was the principal induce
menl to a treaty hy the Turks with us. The Mossaga speaks of
liberal arrangements with Turkey, hut whether it refer* to this ar
ticle, time will show. Our fiiend, the Kinpernr nf Russia, will
dobutle** find in ih'a diplomatic conjuration of Mr. Van lluren, a
new proof of that fill cere regard for him which the Message so
feelingly expresses. The Rrnuks will no doubt consider the special
favor of the Turks at a particular mark of our friendship for them
tee.” | -Y1. 1'. Duxly jfdp.
The Boston Patriot gives the fallowing account of tho origin and
ntgotiaiion of tho Treaty in question:
“During Mr. Minima's edininietration, Commodore Rodgers was
ordered, he Iming tlien in comm ind of the Mediterranean squadron,
to seek an interview with tha Captain Pacha. The interview was \
had, and Commodore R. wrote to this government, that with tha
necessary powers a Treaty with Turkey could be made; hut Mr.
Monroe did not derm it expedient, and no powers were srat. In
1828, President Adams, wilh hi* own hami wrote secret instruc
tions to Commodore Crane, then in command of the Meddilerra- |
naan squadron, and to Mr. Ofllcy, Coiled States' Consul at Smyr- |
ns, accompanied with the necessary joint powers, and with author!- I
ly to draw on the Navy Department for funds, to the ctedit of
which Department the entira amount of the ’'Secret Service
Fund,’’ tbnn under Mr. Adams’ sole control, was transferred.
They were instructed to address the Turkish authorities at Con- i
■ tantinople, in such a way as lo avoid the suspicion of the British \
.Minister, and to negotiate a trnaly of commerce, on thn basis ‘ of i
the most favored nation.’* Tha instructions did not reach the A- t
merioan Qomimtsioncrs to aoon ns was ctpected, owing to the ,
movements ef the American squadron; but when they did reach
them, tlie treaty was forlhwi'h concluded. In Mnich, 1820, after <
General .tacksen had hern inaugurated, despatches strived from |
Commodore Crane ami Mr. OlDey. stating tha fact, that a treaty ,
hail been agreed on, but that tho signatures had not been affiled
and thn ratification exchanged, owing lo t eir want of finds to
purchase and make thn presents required by the etiquette of the
Sublime Purle on the conclusion of every treaty. Mr. Adams wns
still at Washington, in consequence of the ill health of Mia. A
dams; and these despatches were, by Ren. Jackson, sent to him at
hit private residence lor his inspection, and hit advice was asked,
whether the treaty had better be r.enrladrj and the preemle made.
Ilia advice was to rot cludn the treaty anil to make the presents.
Mr. Hhiml was then sent to Odessa with new powers, and the
means to enable him to complete what was necessary for the final
ateaution of tha treaty."
Toe Io'elligt ncer of Tliiir*.lxy *»y«, the Ed dots did
naloh’aio their inform Hion relative to the treaty, Irom
any official source; hut »ljll convey (he ini, ression, the'
th«*e attides entrain correct information.
L«*t us sen what a beautiful metlley of nonsense and
contra Union that paper endeavors to imi ns* on lit
eotfiiry, wilh the view of iletracl n» from the present ;
atfrti'nisti ation
Their fir-t extract speek* of “ a »*rret article” to <
obj~etfonatls a* to ean*e heeif i inn in the Senate, and f
fays “On* friend, the K nperor of Russia, wll doubtless
find in (hi* diplomatic conjuration nf Mr. Van Horen, t
a netv proof of th *t sincere re/xrd for him which the f
Me-sag* »o feelingly expresses.” Very wll. (
Now. what says the second ex'raet? Why, it s»y« t
thxt the insittic ion«, in ohedienre to which this tr»a'y f
was negotiated, we'e drstvn no in 1828, hy “ Pre i- i
dent Adam*, wilh his own hnnd;' [whet sves his Sec (
retary of S'ate a‘>otl Ilia' the treaty had been »yreed
on before G neril Jark*nr,'s natty oration in 1829, anil t
In'e'li gence to that effect tv a* r*re'ved fon a'ferwsrds, ]
that “ th**c d**patr|.e • w#r** tiy G«n. Jacks n sent t» i
him [Mr Adam J at hit private resilience, for his in
spection: and his advice wa* asked, whrther the trea
ty had better be concluded and the preirnft made’;'
that " hi* advice wa* to conclude the treaty and make
the present*;" and that Mr Khind was then scot to O
de**a with new powers,” &e. I
I* this tale he true, the ohj*c'ionahlc part of the trea- \
ty Ia not the fruit of Mr. Van Boren’* “ cm juration,’*
but of Mr. Adams' “ diplomacy." Mr. Adam* wrote 1
the instruction* " with hi* own hand,” approved th* 1
arrangement made, and advised the conclusion of the 1
treaty. On him, therefore, rests mare than an equal
•hare of 'he responsibility.
But there is absurdity on the fsce of the second ex
tract. Ii stale*, that wh»n Mr. Adair* gave hi* in
•'ruction* in 1828, he *uthori*ed the Commissioners.
Commodo e Crtne and Mr. OtDey, to “dr*wor the .
Navy Department for fund*, to the credit of which ,
Department the entire amount of the Secret Service
Fund, then under Mr. Adam*' sole control, wae front
ferred.'' The article then go»* on to state, that •• in ,
Ma-eh,lS29, after Orn Jack*on had hern inaugurated
despatches arrived from Com. Crane and Mr. Offl-y, ,
stating the fact, that a treaty had been agreed on, hu
the eignature* had not h»en efTit-d and the ratiA-a ion ,
exchanged, owing to their trant of fund* to purchate
and make the pretrntt required by the etiquette of the
Sublime Porte on the eonelntion of every treati/-” In
deed! What had heroine of the " entire. Secret Service
Fund" which had been " trantferred to the credit of
the -Yavy Department" for iheir use I Hud Mr
Southard givrD it to Tnhia* Wa kin*, or Amo* II nnry?
We have here a declaration in an article which hear
many mark* of having hero written by Mr. Adam*,
••with hi* own hand,’’ that ihe "entire secret a-rvicc
fund" wa> pla-ed to the credit of the N*vy D pa>t
men'; w* have *1*0 an admission that it was not tp.
j plied to 'he otject for whirh the transfer w is made_
I What became of it? Can t’>e Bo-ton I’airiot or the N
I Intelligencer *r*wer 'hat que*tir n? •
We supposed that the scat of government in Turkey
wae C ir.aiantinople; hut ft I* sagacious article s*y« Mr.
I Rhind w»* s-nt to Odetict to conelude the trea'jr. This
i* a pool specimen of ti e accuracy whirh th radar
i*-* the whole article.
We marvel h >t ihe In’elMgcnc-r *1 ouM hiing in
eo- lac two artiele* whirh so admirably illu* ra*c the
Cfny system of t.ic'irs One C'<y man su;pise $ there
i« an ohjecionabl- ar’ic'e In the tr*a»y. -nd *t < nc# i'
1 i* a:I the fruit of Mr Van Ruren'« "cosjura ion." An
other suppose* the *re* y « good thing, and, het e d It
I wae made in obedience |« tn*truc lone drawn hy M-.
Adam* "test A hit mm hand," w <• actually *‘fonclod
*d" before fj n Jirk’on** inatigur* 'on, *nd w»* con
firm'd accord'll* to M*. A leni*’ airier! If It e«e *r
•Ides had b-eo kept *-ltpd»e, the reader* of the Arm
For* paper m>g*>t bar* »upn >*ed Ihe treity altogelt.ei
the fruit rd Me. Van Muren’* "conjuration," »nd a va
ry bid one, w h I* the reader* of the Potion jape
would h»ve sworn tli»t it wa* a very good treaty, I.tit
unite altogether by Me. Adam*! But the Intelligenrer
' ha* destroyed their cIT ft by bringing them together.
Wb»* the treaty may eontairl we know not; nor do
'he Kdlfnre of the Intelligencer by any hnnetf meant.
We do know, that much that ta *ta>ed in these extracts,
I' entirely fabtiloU*. The Editors *f the Intelligencer
know It t* b«st>. If tfao. Jscfcsoa bad ultiNil with
Mr Adana, we I'oubt whether hi* fur com iu ibe man
agement of our foreign relation*, would have bero »«
signal One who ran do O Jibing hl-nsell, I# badly qual
ified to advise anether [ I'F>iAiagl*n Globe.
VIRGINIA.
I Virginia mav justly h >»»t of her atatssneo, patriots,
I and heroea. Wa-hiogton, ■« a warrior and *«ge will
always bn admired as a model appro* hu g |erlec ion
as uearly a* tVs frailties ol bumaniiy will permit. J> f*
feraoti an.l Madison would in any region of tho earth
have been eminent men and sta esni'-n o'’li-6r«t rank.
Alter these, no one has been more conspicuous for ibe
correctness id bis p Idical creed, for the profuiid'tv o'
h'S views ami drpth ol hiaratiori alou*. lor the brilli
ance of hi* g-utne ami aplcti-'or rl hi* rl-quenre, than
'he late William II. Giles, li fore the people or in the
Senate, in rvery |M>litical contest, he met with tew e
qvela -iud no superior*. While, (terhapa, the eloquence
ul Mr. Ra. dolph i* mere thacinating. y»t po one r|*e
combined in so greet a degree die solidity ol sober end
profound scrutiny with the allurement* and incantation
ol a d-ligh'lul oratory.
The apeeehsa o' Mr. Webe'erhave been proposed fur
puhlicatinu; would not tlie various adnreste*. ee**y< and
poliical writintsof Wm. H. Giles bet'er deserve to be
collected and published utid preserved, a* containing o
ligitial view*, able argumeuts, ingenious iliusfratiotie.
still the true creed ol our republican l i h?
While the v irion* productions of the federal party are
carefully preserved ami judiciously proinu gated, not
only in newspiper* ami reviews, but in school books,
aud tn volumes ol larger • ze and more iinno* ng ap
pearance; the gorgeous effo> tsVI republican g-niuaaie
suffered t-i moulder on old ti'es, to decay and be forgot
ten. Theepe-clm* of Mr. R«ndul|th that appalled Mr
Adam* and t I • sa'elliiea, that delighted and astonished
Ibe Senate and inspired ilia oppiuion to the second
reign of terror, w ete coirnpleO for parly purpose*, have
been nrgi -cteil ly their an her, have never appeareit
• van a* they Were deliver-il, and are fa«t hastening to
ob'i«|jn. A sitKilar fate wi'l probably attend the tnag
uiticeut displays ol Mr. Gtle ; while the speeches of
Mr. Webster and Mr. Clay liavq been or will be, assid
uously rc-printed in volumes, aud car-hilly banded
down io pt.a'erily a* model* of eloquence, and of cor
rect politic* principle. fKnoxville Register.
THE CHEROKEES
An extract ot a iMlsr t> iho Kili'or ot |‘i# Arkansas
Gazelle, liom an iuieliireot rre-poudent iu \V«.King
ton rouu y, dated the 26th Nov sy*—
“Tile alarm Irani 'he Indian bewa, |ms in a rood de
gree Mibfided. I hare lately seen an iD'elligeui Cher
okee Irotn ilie nation aa-l ol the Mississippi, who (I
am pritr tely inlortned) hr* b*en sent to look at the
country west ot ns, and ascertain what th.» prospects
are lor the Old N<iinn, p^t,Tided t*'ey sh >u tl cedi their
land* in Tennessee and Georgia. I am granti-d to learn
tnat he i« agte-at>ly di appointed in Ihe country now
possessed by the Cherokre*. He l« highly pleased
with it in nisity respects, and Aas likewise writ pleas
ed with the account* which lie received ol the vacant
sect on ol country lying west ot the Missouri, and ad
joining the Ctirroltee lands oil the north. He say* he
is anxious in reach home again in order to prepate for
removing, and to tn'orm his r«d brethren of ihe flat
tering p ospect* that await them in the west.”
Treasury Department,9 )
C^ibplrol’ei’i UlliJ«». 4, 1831. (
Sir.* The Secretary of the Treasury has referred lotue your let
ter to him ol (he Jlst nit containing (he following representation,
vif : —“ Within the lait 48 hours large quantities of cufl'te have been
entered, but owing to the severity ol the rains, a gnat proportion of
H cannot be lauded and put lido the public stores. A question naw
*ii«e* wlisthei or nit the entry ot the vessel and the entry if the
r.nffee, bonding, Ate. and it * being in the pnntauoD of the ithrer* of
ihe custom# on board ship, constitute a c« in; liaoce with the law, ai d
whether the patties, under !h *e circumstances, ire entitled to bund
fur it alter this dsy at wo !snls per pound.**
In reply I h«ve to t hteiTt ihst. a> f olding lo the daeisiona of the
Pepar tin of, duties ae rue at Ihe time of the anvil of the vessel at
I pu t of eolrf$ with intent to land Ihe ca go the teat
T «e . atis of duties id force at (be time »f arrival are, of course,
h* rates which a e deniandable.
lr, therefore, in (be sue under consideration, a Meral corrpliance
eilh the law were consiile e I ne» es*ai y, a b nnl without sureties lor
lie duties *»n the c. (f, s, it (berate of five cents per pound, would, iu
be first instance, hi?r to be eaa^ted ; but as it appears lo me that,
snder all Ilia circumstances * f the case, the partus are entitled ac
:ordmg to the spirit, the reason aod inteolioo of the law, t*» tha hen
fit o| the redu t on provided in it, they would then have to give a
lend with rureties, at the rate of two cents per p -uu *.
Under it is vi* w < f the subject, I tm ol rpinion (bat Ihe first men.
i ne.l h^nd may be dispensed wdh, and that y >u may permit the
osporters at oure to bond tor the duties at me reduced rate. It
*•11 be proper th«f you should he satisfied that the offee was all im«
•orted from a foreign port $ a «d the bags or parkagta shou.d be
narked with the words u two cents.” Rem*c (fully,
JOS AN I)E!ldON,Oonpirolltri
8 Swaitwoul, Esq. Collector, New-Yoik
The success attending iha Manchester railway has driven specu
lators half cruzy nfier similar enterprises. Companies are already
drined, nr are now forming,for establishing a better communication
ly means of rail toads bet ween Liverpool 8c Chester, between Pres
oil am! Bolton, Imt w ren Fronton and Lytham. between Manchester
ind Curium, between Birmingham ami rfhoflinhl or Hull, between
Manchester end Oldham, between Leeds und .Bradford between
he Butt and West Indtt Hocks in London and the Cromford and
ligh IVak rail way, which is to form the connexion with Manches*
er and Liverpool, and between v\ aterford and Limerick. Sheald
liese sjM-cufiitfitione succeed stago coach pro|>erly must badly
epreciate, and c nul aharos in many instances woefully decline,
bus it it, that in Iho ever fluctuating circumstanced of human
iistance, the discovery of new principles in science and art. when ,
radically applied to useful purposes, elevates some to fortune
pon others’ destruction. (Charles ton Mercury.
1111 —■ | | LJ_L I
KIVHJUVJVD, TUESDAY, JAJV. 18.
iIr. Ci. ay's former Opinion q/ the Bank of the U. 8
A Suufh-ru K-sayict forni'hea ti e following Extract
roik Mr. CUy’o Speech in opposing the renewal of the
>r ner C tarter:—“Thia v.igraiit power lo erect a Hank, i
lt*r ha lug wandered throughout the whole Conatiiu- i
a in quest ol some rouge, ial epo' wh- rcupon to fast- i
n, has been at leng'h located l>y the gentleman (rum
I org a, on that provi-ion which aiithontea Congress i
• lay at <1 cnllert taxe*, &c. In 1790, the power iate |
• 'red lo one pact i-f the inairornsot — in 1811, io ano- |
her. Suine'irnea it la a8cget te he dcducihle (rum th* i
ower to regulate commerce—Herd pressed here—it ,
i>arp*ars, ai.d -hews itself tioder th* g> an’ to coin ,
innry. The sagacious Secretary of the Treasury in i
791 pursued ill- wisest course—he I a- taken shelter ,
eluod general, high-funding and imposing terms.” |
THEDEJVIAL.
Mr MrD'tffio I s* ptihli-hed a Card in the F'idiy'r 1
Vashlngton paper*, in repty 'o Judge Clayton's —Mr. 1
McD afliitn« 'hat "not « single a*nt>. nee ol he U. S.
lank Heport was pot n-d by any other human b-ing” *
'ban the Chairman of the Committee ol Ways and 1
Hean*, 'bat ia himself—) and that by reference to Mr. '
’heves. Pi d e and lng*renll, they can tell Judge Clsy. I
on, "(hit his correspondent i* a random and reck!©**
alumniafor ”
Thi Mails.—We have no important nswa to lay
•elore our readers—We have ha • no mail, north of '
!’rede irkshurg, since Thvrsday Evening. The f. I- 1
owing paragraph Irorn the Herald sh*w» th* horrible
itite of the roads.—It is really urn* for the Virginian*
9 mend their trays The main channel of coniinuni
•ation between th* North and South ought at least to
ie kept .open. The road between Washington anil
ttirhmi nd thoulj ha well turntnked — if it cannot be
ail-d.
The fall of snow s'nre Friday morning has been
mutually gr*a;— It lies several Inches deep, and in
m« place* it ha* been drilled by the high wind sev
tral teat. It snowed occasonaliy on Salutday and
Sunday ; and yesterday, notwithstanding the Sun, the
Morth witul blew so cold a* io prevent the melting ot
h* Snow In any perceptible degree —We must have
nails enough in a lew day# to fill our papers with inter
•sling extract* :
TUB MAflJS
Faroraicssarao, Jan. 15—Ws learn tbs! th* steamboat from
Washington. with th* Northern Mail, arrived within tha month
it t'otomar creek on Thursday night, hut from tha quantity nf ice
which hfitl formed in Ihfi fr^k, wm unnhln to g*I up Finding it
mpractieabl* to lend tha mail, aha put beck with tha view of gat
ing nut of the crook aa aoon aa pn*ail>le, and tho cart with the mail
or the North caino hack yesterday and proceeded on Ike usual
anil route to tVaahington. Tho weather hes aet in very cold and
h# boat wi ll'd probably not have ventured down, hut for the purpe**
if avoi ling, w h.'never thsrn was hope of success, the Harhnnian
>ng, at Mr. Randolph rails it, bntwemi this place and Aleiandria.
Many of our main public, highways in Virginia, are represented as
mpasaalile, and no ona thinks of tor neutering the difficulties Bni)
peril* of a long journey without the impolao of urgent necessity.
We eon less we ern pleased to see editors of papers calling the at
entinn of the public lo th.a matter. Tho facilities of travelling
tnd of transporting agricultural products tn mnrkat are as important
10 nor mtrrcstt as to our coin tint# and amiiaenienla. Tha necetai
ly nf a reform in the system as relates to the repair nf tho high,
ways, has hingb.en acknowledged, end ia obvious We have heard
a i.umber of defeats pointed out, but havo not tima to notice them
particularly. The Legislature is now in session, anil
brfnre.it rises we hope it trill he reminded that the
public Welfare requires its deliberations on this sub
ject, that the inefficiency of the present system may
be seen -and that measures maybe adapted for the
more effectually removing an evil nf general com
plaint, and one of the first magnitude. [Herald.
E\TKH J-THE MAIL AHBfVRD !
Lart Evening. tha Nonhcrn Mail ram* In about 4
•'clock —and hrotifbl us a fragmer.l of the smart 'h»i
• era dun—fix : N»w York pap-re nf Werlns-day,
Hhilrd-lpbi* Slid II-1 itn Te ol T* itredry, snd Washing
ton of Thursday srd Frl'ty, giving the Congressional
I'reaeedlsga of Wt dnesday and Thursday. Thar* It no
'©reign arrival:
CONGRESS.
wyinotog, 1-1 —In the Senate, yrsferday,
Mr. Iredell, from the Comtnilteo on the Contingent
Fund el the InuiU, reported t bill providing for the
paying the witnesses summoned oo the trial of Judge
Peck, for their attendance and mileage, and for eom
penaa'lng the Marshal of the District nf Columbia for
hia itlraltne*. The b'll from the House of Rspie*
e-nt«tlv*s, inklg an appropriation for the conatrciion
enf equipment of 'br*e schooners, to be added to the
navy of'he United States, was reel twice, and r*f*rr«d
t<> the Co i«n.llt-e en N v«l Affaire. The bill au'.horl
xing ibe purrhae of certain lands, for the rompl lion ol
Fort Wa«hinc*o », on the Po'omac, waa read the second
•Ime. aid refetred to the Committee on Military Affiir*.
When the High Court ef Iropeachment was opened
for the 'rial of Ju-'g- Peck, Mr. Tazewell, after stating
• t e ineis. o itinn of Mr. Wiit. moved an adjournment
un'ill t > day, when he expected Mr. Wirt woul I be so
far recovered *• te he able to attend. The Court then
adjourned un 'I 12 o’clock to-dev. Af'er t ie cons do ra
tion or ex-erllve business, the Senate adj -urne-l.
In the House of Repreaentatieeea Messrs. Mitchell,
WicklifTc, Storrs of New York, and Irwin of Penn, by
the unanimous consent of the House, presented petiti
ons and memorials; which were disposed of in the usu
al manner. Mr. Hell, from the Committee on Indian
Affairs, reported, without amendment, the bill from the
Senate to extinguish certain Indian titles to lands in the
State of Indiana. After some private bills had been
acted upon, the House resumed the consideration of tha
resolution submitted hy Mr. Haynes, on the preceding
day, calling on the Committee of Ways and Means to
inquire into the expediency of reducing the duty on
brown sugar imported into the United States from fo
reign countries. Mr. Haynes concluded his remarks
in support of the policy and justice of the proposition.
Mr. Alexander followed on tho same side. Kir. Hucha
nan, on the part of the managers of the impeachment
or Judge Peck, informed the House that the testimony
in the case was closed; but that the further prosecution
of it was deferred till to-day, in consequence of the
indisposition of one of the counsel for the respondent
Mr. Hall, from the Committee on Public Expenditures,
moved to re-commit the report formerly presented by
him, on the subject of the mileage allowance to mem
bers of Congress. The proposition wis argued, but not
finally disposed of, hy reason of the expiration ot the
assignee! hour. A message was received from tha Pre
sident of the United States, transmitting a communica
tion trotn the Secretary of State, with a variety of do
cuments, in relation to the Patent Office. On motion o'
Mr. Polk, they were referred to the Committee on the
Judiciary. The bill making appropriations for the pay
ment of revolutionary and invalid pensions, was ordered
to be engrossed, and read a third time, to day —
The Hou-e then look u> the general rpptopiia ion
bill, and proceeded to di*eu*» t' e amendments agreed
to in the committee, on the preceding dav. A long de
bits ensued on tlie clause granting $130,000 for the
purpose of msking surveys < f the publie land'; which
•urn, Mr. McCoy, proposed to reduce to $60 000.
Mes.ri. McCoy, While, cf Florid*, Inger*o!l. John
son, of Ky.. Clay, S’rong, Verplanrk, Sevier, Vinton,
f>un*an,Wirklifl-, Petti', P >lk, and Storr* of N V., re
spectively tddit s«etl the House on th- sutj ct. Upon a
d vision, the anien‘‘m«fit of Mr McCoy wa- negatived,
»nd the amen 'meet nf the committee adop'ed. The
House adjourned a' 4 o’c’ork. \U. S T-l
January 14. — In the Senate, yesterday, Mr. Ben
ton submitted a resolution, directing the Secretary of
the Treasury to report to the Senate, at the commence
ment of the next session of Congress, the annual a
mount, in quantity and value, of importations and ex
portations of sundry articles of drugs, medicines and
dye stuffs, with the gross amount of revenue accruing
upon the importatoin of each article, arid the nett reve
nue received into the Treasury, and to give his opinion
as to the time at which the duties upon the same may
be abolished, without affecting the payment of the
public debt; and to state whether any ol the said arti
cles are of the giowtli or produce of the United States,
and, also, to what amount compared to the wants and
consumption of the Union. Several bills wee read tha
second time, and ordered to a third reading; and the fol
lowing hills were passed: the bill to incorporate the St.
Vincent’s Orphan Asylum, in the District of Columbia ;
and the bill for the relief of Joseph E. Cannon, late of
the Navy of the United States. A short debate took
place on the hill making an appropriation to pay an
annuity of $6,000 to tha Seneca tribe ot Indians, in
which .>$essrs. Forsyth, Dudley, Smith of Maryland,
and Sanford, participated The hill was finally laid on
the table. The High Court of Impeachment for the
trial of Judge I’eck, having been opened hy proclama
tion, a letter was read from the physician attendant on
Mr. Wirt, counsel for the respondent, who lias been
for some days indisposed, stating it as the writer’s be
lief, that Mr. \V, could not, without manifest danger,
leave his room previous to Monday next; by which time
he would, without doubt, be solar recovered as to he
able to attend to business. The Court then adjourned
over to Monday. After some time spent in tlie consid
eration of Executive business, the Senate adjourned.un
lil to-dav at 11 o’clock.
Iii Iho H. of Jie/iretenlativet, Mr. Canon inquired
if it an not in order lo move hat the House should re
solve iisrlf into a committee to attend the High Court
of Impeachment on the trial of Judge Peck, (the testi
mony on the part both of the United S'-ites arid of the
rerpondent bring closed;) but Mr Buchanan having
iiihst q len'ly aiated that in consequence of the con
tinued indispo dtion of on- of the counsel ol Judge Pei k,
the Court had adjourned ti'l Moutlay, Mr. Carbon for
bore to press h a question. Mr. Clay, from the Cora
mitve on Public Lands, repor'ed, without amendment
he till Irorn the S mate supplementary to the several
law* respecting the sala of tha public lands; which wa*
I o:'p; ned till Thursday next. Mr. M ill, ry, from the
f'otnmiitee on M anufacturea, presented a report, and
Mr Monell a counter report on the same eu'ject, tig
thousand copies nt each of which were ordered to be
p in’ed. Mr. Doddridge, from the Committee on th*
District of Columbia, repir'ed with amendments the
bill tor the rnna'ruction of a rail-road f.om Baltimore
to Wa-hington; it was povponed till Monday. Mr.
Buchanan gave notice that he should this <i<ty call up
the hill (or the relief of inaolvent debtor*. Thefuither
con-idersth’n of the resolution of Mr. IIaynes, for the
re 'net on of Ihe du'y on brown eigar. was deferred un
til Monday the 24il» ol Janu-ry. The repo’-* submi
led by Mr. Hall, Irom the Committee on Public Ki
p-utliiiires, on the subject ol the m l age all'ow mice
lo members of Congre**, w»» take r up an I discus o-d
by Mr. Chilton an I Mr. Hall, until t ie float of tha i
hru-. The Speak-r presented a communication from
Ihe Secretary of S a e, on tha suhj-cfol pal-n't; which
m rro ion of Mr. Miller waa laid on ih“ table; »nl
jrdered to be |irinted. Alter some bill* if minor impor
• oce had been disposed of, the Hou e t iok up the con
•ideration ol the g-neral approp ia'ion bill. A lone, tiro
iractrd St anime'-d de* a e ensued on the motion of Mr.
Stanbetry.on the preceding day, eg unging from ti e b I
ihe appropriation ot $1,000, lor the salary ol the Minis
er to the Court of Hus-is. Messrs, Car«on, Archer,
f S Bsrb >ur, Wayn*, Camhrenleng. and C >ke, oppo<eit
he propoailiou ; and Mes-rs. Strut,erry, MalUry
and Burges, supported It. On tno'i >n cf Mr. Ch lion,
who ha* po-aes-iin of ihe floor on this question, he
Fiona - adjourned.
i fir* d.i<4uii\e<h.
THE UNIVERSITY OE VIRGINIA.
Among lha subjects which wi I claim the attention
if the fir-• legislative assembly under the now Cons'i
utioool Virginia,'here *re lew ol mire general con
•ern, anil none of it oro vital interest to Ihe Republic,
Iran'he diffusion of knowledge. It is a pleasing con
•iderstion lit >1 this good work is not now to be com
menced The S'a'e pi»*sso, an ample literaiy
und, and much I •< b en already done with good a i«
jiires, under the old Constitution, by the patriot* and
itatosu en of the land. Among the Iasi benefits con
ferred on his roun'ry by Mr. Jefferson, was the devo
tion of his lalter d*y* lo the cause of education, and
rerrnly it was not the feast.—The University of Vir
ginia may be Iraa'y termed hi • dying t rquest fo hi* na
tive land To us it remains to make thi* institution all
that he wished it to copious, cheap, and peren
nial spring of kn.wlrdge fo Ihe people. It herone*
Ihen, Ihe legi la'ors to » gamine wt-ll its found*tl >n *nd
•upersfrueture, and with great care to add whatever
may be Recess try to sir‘Ogthen an I improve, and lo
lake away whatever may weak- n or impair this insti
tution, the pride an-l ornament of the Slate.
Prosperous »* i' appear*—able and fsl hfnl a* a'e It*
P-ofe-sv s and officer*, It seems to me (quod omen deus
ovrrtat!) that there is a cause now operating, which,
ot.less it is removed, mu*t work, if not its total ttitn.
the subversion of It# most useful and intended ends
The sgeis »t the root ot the tree, and the I.-gisl l-tr -
only can turn asl ’e its edg*, savg It, an I causa It to
irtg forth the gool r>uit for which it was plsi t-d,
U-it'is they do this, it will he cut down, as a thing that
cumbers the ground. Wi h these impressions, *n oi l
n-l constant friend of Ihe University d, email bis duly,
wuh however w. ak arid p werte*s an effort he m*y
nuke, lodisriose the cause, and i0 heseecb the I,egis
latt.re to arrest it* pernir ions opera! on.
Thi- school is not populsr with the middling elan of
the ciUxtnt of the S ate, and n> ver can be til', by an
art of justice, it shall be so endowed as to make it u«s -
■uf directly to them It will then become a* popular
a« eaten ively useful. They lo k upon it with sn evil
eye, *• en aristocratic rcboo*, not intended for ther
sons; because, al.hough endowed by the State, i' i* yet
too etpen-ive (or them. While it is raised, not fo, but
above their reach, they see annually $ Ifl.ffoo descend
below them, on the children < f the poor. They 6nd
themsrlve* prerl-ely at that po ut whence they can
n l h»r reach dlfee'ly the golden frrrt* that wave above
their heads, nor tbo-e that lie at ftielr feet—But the;
eonrfl'ute a m*J rity of ihe sovereign p'ople? It r#
quire* no political p ophst lo foruel what must be thr
resnl' of this slate of thing* und-r the new ConsTu.
t on, if Ihe wisdom and patriotism and republira > lore
of knowledge, which it i* hoped that the first IJeneral
Assembly will poeiess, shall not remeve the evil. The I
Literary Feud, the ino«t valuable treasure of the State,
If It were wisely used, will be abolished; and the whole
machinery of Universi'y, Colleges, and Com moo
School*, will be kicked into a corner, with aa little
ceremony as a wooden clock. No nsrlsa* and rlckelty
parcel of lumber will be treated with le«s respect. But
this n.achinery cost scat sums of money, was erected
for the public good, and Is capable of doing an incalcu
lable amount of good wo>k. If tightly filed up and
kept in motion. It would be bail economy acd worse
pol cy, in teptiblirau freemen. who ate to exercise the
right* of aell-government, to put out their lights and
do thi* business in lb* dark. Ind-etl it cannot b* per
formed in the datk. I men will be free they must bt
enlightened, ami thia they cannot be without literary
Institutions. I .hall presently advert to the radical
defect in our system, which, when cured, the wltol*
system ol public instruction will harmonize and work
well.
The annual apprapiiation of $45,000 to the elemen
tary school*, was a noble experiment: the motive wor
thy of all praise—the object 'he mo-t desirable. But,
u* in many schrme* of philanthropy, in thia the be
ginning was mad* at the wrong end. Fortunately,
however, the ma'trr is easily set right, if (he General
Assembly so will it. A demand for any thing
must exist, before a supply is needed. The desire ot
knowledge wa* *o be excited; i'a value was to be right*
ly apprecia ed; ita indiapen*xbility to the freemen of a
r-preventative democracy, in order to the tight exer
cise of the elec'ive franchise, wa* to be fully under
stood, before it could, by anv mean* ol public instruc
tion. be economically, usefully, and generally diffused.
To distribute bread among those who hay* no appetite,
is but charitable waste. The stomach I* not filled with
food, nor the heart with gratitude. It I* admitted on
all hands by those who, without prejudice, have watch
ed this experiment, that if it haa not entirely failed, the
amount ol good effected haa been far less than had been
anticipated, and g-eallv disproportionate to the money
expended. Had the University, in the fiiet place,
hern so endow* 1 as to rentier it a cheap institution,
acees-ikle to the son* of the middliog class of ci'lz-ns,
these would have crowded to I'; for with them, the ap
petite for knowledge already existed, and they would
have carried away from it, anti would have diffused
among the lower class a taste for it. Many of tham
would have become competent teachers of elemen'ary
and grammar school*—supplying ita proper nourish
merit to that appetite which it woo'd so much benefit
our country to rzeite and supply. Th«n the approp.la*
lion of $45,000 annual'y. would not fell like a shower
ol rain on the deaert, sinking into the barrrn *81111, bu*
on fruitful place*, causing every seed to vegetate and
spring up into lif-. It is not too late to give its full
effect to this benevolent appropriation. We must have
leather*—competent teachers of elementary echini*,
b-fore they can have acholar*. The rna*# of society
must be leavened, before it will rise, and the leaven
can be made most cheaply and most abundantly at a
cheap University. Tile radical detect in our system
of instruction is, that nur grest preparatory school—the
University, is not sufficiently endowed to render it a
cheap, at w»ll a* a learned ami able institution. The
conaequenre is, that it is no’, and cannot be, sttandml
bv a sufficient number of students, b-caiise of the fees
which rnmf be paid bv them to the Proles*or*. These
fee* are necessary with the smsll endowment which
the University now ha*, in crier to make up a com
pensation to the Prolexsor* for their services. Without
goo J salaries w« cannot have good Prolessor* — Men of
l-srning, talents, ami industry, will not wotk for less
in one laborious profession, than they can get in an
other; and their salaries must either bt; paid by endow
ment, or by the students,or by both jo ntly. Reduce th*
salaries to a pi'iance.and the chair* will soon be oceupitd
—not fi led—by men ot inlriior powers and acquire
ment-, without ability to sustain the reptiU'ion ol the
school, or to hem fit those who woul I atteud them
Hut such would soon cease to he attended,and the aM-r
Prolcs-ors, such a* we now have, ernnot he numerous
ly attended, because the cost of attendance exceeds '
send th*ir son# to this school—the sons ol the respect
able yeotn inry ol the State. The animal appropria
tion now heneli’s only the rich, will.out enabling t'ie
independent farmers to send (heir sans 'o this school.
The Insiitti'ion, therefore, does not produ-e it# proper
amount o( good, nor is Ihe actual good produced justly
apportioned. More than one hundred young men have
annually rua'rirulat-d there, while more than five
hundred have been kept away by the aipen-ivcnos* ol
the school. Let 'he lees no v paid hy (tie students be
made unnecessary to make up reasonable salaries to
the Professors, by a wise and just endowment, and the
sons ot the people will crowd to the University. A* it
is, these leas, with the rent of dormitories, library lee.
file , th* great majority of .ho people cannot pay. whan
they have also to purchase clothes, bok*, and board
Hence the unp'pulariy of this great school, and (he
cause which, il not removed, is to work ita down'al —
an event to be deprecated—to be averiad, if we are to
con inue a tree, and in order to he so, an enlightened
people! It must be distinctly understood that first rate
Professors cannot be had without *al rise at least equ*l
to the prt.fi s of those who stand highest in the learned
professions; and without such Professors, no University
can de-erve and long tetain a character ot great uti i y.
Bu: if these salaries are paid hv fees, or any ronaidera
hle portion of them, the very object ot the institution is
dr/eatrd by the means of its support. Many cannot
attend it—they cannot d ink at ibis fountain unless they
may dritik freely. E .dow the institution justly, and
th a nerea*ity for high f*rs at least, cea«ea, w -iiie the
ablest Prole-so's will atill be retained, without burden
ing the students. Fees to Professors, rent of dormitory,
and library ticket, cost nearly $100 Take awav th<*s<*
eapenre* by end > w tiisnt, aul many more will b* able
to meet tin other expenses ol board, file. It w ll be
render-d accessible to the middling class ol ci*izsn*,
and the legislators who produce this result, will be en
titled to and will receive the thanks ot the present and
future generations. The institution will then bejusly
popular, in I wi lely useful, anil those who shall have
inada It so, will b* honored in all time to com*, as the
foster lather* of liberty and Ihe preservers of national
freedom. L.
NOTE.—We would auggeit to our intelligent and retpeeteJ Oor.
retponden*, whether hi* plan for rendering the Umveri ty more pnp
u'ar amnig prrrou* of middling fortune, i* not calculated to paratyie
the energiei of thr Uuiveiity. We ar» •* min-h devoted to the in*
tare*(* uf tlii« Inititution, ar he ran be— hut wilt not ths plan of tup
porting the Profeaior* upon their *a larie*, entirely independent of the
fee* of all nr nioit of (heir Pupil-, rnut ihute to render (hem indo
lent and inactive? We reapectfulty ir.vile our Onrr'tpondent to
read the 2d Article of the 5 h ft ..-k of Adam Smith’* Wealth of
Nstionrupm (hi* »uhj-ct. He preaent* a view, which i* certainly
very Unking, if not conchuive. -f or the lake or Ihe general reader,
we extract the following brief pa***ge ■
“ In *ome V i veriitie* th» •alaiic* in.k-i hut a part, and ftnpienl’y
hut a email part of Ihe erooluiorn'* of ih* teacher, of which ihe
greater par' *ri*#* from Ihe honoraria* or fe»» of hn pupil*. Tne
oecetiityof application, though atway* more or leu diiuinithed, i*
no' in (hi* eaie ei.luely lalren away. Kepulaliou ill hi* profeuion i*
*< • 11 of * ime importance t» him. an I h' atill ha*', 1*01 dependency
upon Ihe afeetion, gratitude and f*V 'rahl* repn't of thnie, who base
attenda ! up ii hi* imtrurlion*; anil tiieie farorahl* lentimen'* he it
likely In gam in no wav. • > wll a* hy de-ervm< (hem, that i», by
(he ahilihet aod diligence with which h* diachaig** every part of
hi* duly.
“In other univerft:ef the teacher »» prohibited trim anv honorary
or fee from hi* pupil*, and hi* «aUry ronttifulrt ihe **h>le of the
r venue which he derive* from hi* office. Ili« interest i*, in th»«
ra*e, *«t a* directly in opposition lo hi* duty a* it i« poniMe to set it.
It i« (he inteieit of *very nun to live a* much a' hi* ea*e *• he cart;
and if hi* emulnmeoft are to he precitely the same,whether he doe*,
or doe* not perform some very lahnri* u« duty, it i* certainly hi* in
tercet, at lea*t a« inletmt i* vulgarly understood, either to neglect it
all to(elher, or, if he i* »ut jert to * >me authority, which will not *of.
fer him’o do thi*. to pe f rm it in a* rar«la«« and slovenly a manner
a* tl a* aitth >ritv will permit. If he i* natn a 'y active, and a h v r
of labour, it i* hi* interest to empl-y that artifiiv in anv way, fr» m
which he can derive *ome advanlace, ra’hrr than in the per fur iftauie
of hi* «fu*y, from which he ran derive n«*ne ,f
Wa trust, however, that the Legislature will liberally endow the
University for all necessnry purposes. If conducted with the proper
and harmonious spirit on thn part of the Prefessors, and with the
requisite energy and wisdom on the part of the Visitors, it must
turn out to he one of the sheet-anchors of Virginia. It is now in
strain of eiperiment. Let it only turnout a few fine specimens of
•ceomplished men: let tome of its graduates eminently distinguish
themselves in society, and every particle will rush to its support —
and every parent will stretch his means for the purpose of sending
his sons to this Institution.
FOR THE FJrQTJlRVR
AUDITOR’S REPORT.
REVOLUTIONARY CLAIMS
Till* dorum>-iii, repl.te with error* and “misroncep
•ion*,” i< now in the public prints. It. concluding pa
ragraph, profe«*mg lo be * statement «.f and ex
planations," i* a ii*»ue of inslnualions aga'n-t die pro
prie'y of liie ronlrac* made by agents eng ged in ihs
prosecution of Ihe claim*. A* one of iho«e agent*, and
the one particularly referred to, a* luring “frankly a
rowed and jnsutied” those cnotrae1*, I d«*ign to •Imw
lint these insinuation* were on warranted, and that the
“fact* and explanation.” of th« R-porl are “miscon*
ceptione,” calculated to abuse the public ear; an*4, If
reli. d on, to mislead the A-a-mbly.—Any inten'ion “ol
impearbing 'he motive* of any individual” i* disclaim
ed.—It Is believed, and therefore conceded, that no ina
lice or personal Ill-will exiated-but whether that I* an
eteu.e Dr submitting lo ihe Legislature, as a si*tam»nt
ol facta and e Xjdanation., gro«< er or* in many reap els,
ao 1 In n'hers, still griMer ii fr-nces, agiinst the e-*n
duel of in livi 'ttal* huherto standing, at lea**, fair in a •
eiety, i* another question. I care not for the R-pofl,
esc pi so far a* It is erroneous, it it | certainly desire
th «t my cot duct sha'I not be rr.i.mnderstond
Ihe Auditor, “in order (o •h»wtbai no poeulUr re
tard or favor due to the** contrast.,” says the origi
nal r<>i| ol efTieer* enti led to half pay, waa fi'e i in the
winter of 1326 -7, with the Commit ee of Claim*, by
Uajit DuVal, a»ul that lh» proot of Identity was “all
that was at'erwardp required.” Here are several er
rors— I *t. The mil referred to, on it• face, purport* on
ly to he a copy— he one would be authentic evidence,
and the other not so —a part of lhn*e paper* i* express
ly stated lo be a copied from a copy at the list—none of
then la lha original. This error .haws vsi.i- war elf li
veried lo. te show that tba Report null have been aneio
from hearsay and not esamlnatlon. The 2nd la e.very
important error: That roll does not cootain the name* ol
the officer* of the Illinois regiment, nor of CroekeM*o
realmeut, nor ot the Navy. It expressly >tales tbal no
notice is taken ol the officer* of these regimento and ol
the Navy, because none of them had appeared before
the Board. The proceedings of the subsequent Boards
respecting these officers were all found by Judge Ca
bell ou the 3 d of October, 1829, together with the offi
cial return# of several of the regiments an! corps—by
connecting which original returns with the order of tba
Board requiring them, they were made, (or the first
time, autiteu ic document*. But Ibis is not all—tba
Report says: "This D >eument ascertained the name* ol
the office. •—and all that was qftci wards required,was
the necessary proof ol id<*nti’y.” This la. Indeed, con
ceding a gre.t deal i and il the Court of Appeal# will
think so judgments in some ra-es will probably be ob
tained, that could not bo without the concession. A
repor’ made in February and Aptil, 1782,1* admitted by
the Au litor to h# complete legal proof ol actual ear*
vice, or of coutiuuing supernumerary until tha 22nd of
Ap«tl, 1783— one day short ol which, pursuant to tba
decisions ol the o!d sod the present C«U t,would be fatal
to 'ho claimant. This is the concession by the Auditor
representing the Corn *ionwealth—made now, in order
to show that no peculiar favour is due to these can
[ tracts.
In self defence, I am compelled lo say, that this is
n hat 1 have always thought and uniformly stated to the
claimants, to bathe great difficulty, when wa turned to
the (act* ol each: And in every ca-e, it ia believed,of o
special act ol A«eembly giving commutaticn.tbi# proof of
coi tinning until th* end of the wtr.hs* been require! la
sdduion to that roll filed by Major DuVal. I hope tbo
want ol it wi I not be con-idered Insuperable. If it
shall be required, the parties in some ol the care* must
go out of Court, a« nothing but a-cilen', chance—
mere chance, can rave them.
I wa* aware, that the claims would be reri-tad before
the Courts, on every ground, and therefore apprehend
ed that strict legal proof would be required. In moat
of my cases, I will ray it, by ex'raordinary diligence
and a fortunate concurrence of circumstances, 1 am
prepared with that legal proof—in others, I have not,
end never exp ct 'o get any, to strengthen the Report
of tho Board in 1782. I* is moreover not en'lrrly cor*
twin, that all arc entitled to half-pay who sre reprried
by that Boa d, altb >ugh they m iy Ii ive been entitled,
op to ibe time of the R«|o t. Yet the Auditor thinks,
ail that w** required v*» Ii- proof of iden I y.
I h*v* already staled that th- wes'ern regiments and
Navy, were not repre-en'ed be! ire tha Board, a part
of the proceedings of which w*s filed with tho Com
mittee by Major DuVal. I will further add, in justifi
cation ol tl e contracts, that there obj-rtion* have been
made to the right ol the*e corps to demand the hall-pay
front Virginia, without r-Terence to the quo-lion whe
ther supirnutnerarie# 'v.r ; en'itled or no. And in un
dertaking the prosecution if these claims, these impe
diments were and are superahled to the difficulty cre
ated by the judgment ol the old Court against super
numeraries. - —
i no Aiiimor ininu n inc-reaime, (list a claimant, If
he had known hit ancestor’* name was on that roll,
would make the enormous sarrifire of 1*31 or 1-2, a
moun'ing, he say*, to 5 or $6 000, when a fiftieth
oart of that sum w<*uld have tqna'ly effcted the ob
j-ct. Why he suppoie* that any one. until Ibe late de
cision of the Court was mad-, would have attended at
all, to anv claim, for the tifdath part ol 1-2 or 1-SJ,
I am at a loss to conjecture.
I* there a man who does not think 10 per rent at
high compensation now, as he would have thought
three or four time* that sum. when the judgment of
the highest Court of the Land stood adverse and unim
pest he!.’ Yet no oue think* 10 per cent now too
much.
But I will state a fact, incredible a* it may seem, to
the Auditor: Ol the 2M day of January, 1930, o
claimant—(then in the City of Itichmond, having a
Petition before the Legislature, for the commutation of
a Sup-rnumerary Captain —his representative giving
particular attention to it lor him, and be himself at
tending from lime to time, in the Lobby and the Com
mittee Boom, for several day*, with full knowledge of
all the fartsof his esse)'—came to my office, and *
greetl, in rase the Legi-lature, then in Session, should
not allow the claim, to give me one-half of the amount
that might be recove el. if I would institute a suit,
and attend to it, or should in any manner ever thereaf
ter recover the claim. He, as Attorney for another,
mule a similar ron ract; and I have brought both auite.
He stated hitn*elf and his friend (o be the sole repre
sentatives r.f the respec ive <l:ime.
I will mention another ease, and will take the liberty
to name the p-r«on ref-rred 'o, a* his name, pir te, wifi
satisfy all who know him. that the contract w», at th*
timo uf making it, a judicious one on hi* part. He le
not only a gentleman of iniell gence, but remarkable
for hi- wi dora and discretion, in the management of
his privat- alfiirs—active, industrious and vigilant, ho
had been the rh.’sen Agent of Virginia, in the settle,
merit of her rliims upon 'he United Stite*. I mean
Mr. John Chew ol Frederick burg, the *ole devisee of
Mrs. Kstnp, who was devisee of Capt. P<-ter Kemp._
in a p-rsonal int-rview, I told him Capt. Kemp’s name
was on ths Ro'l then filed with tbeCommi tee of Claim*;
but that there w.i* no evidence touching the claim,
showing that Capt. K was supernum» rary, later than
the date ol the Board.—He agreed, that if I would
prosecute the claim, get the evidence, 8cc , at roy own
evpenre and trouble, he would g ve one-third of what
might he recovered—and if that contingent compensa
tion shall become (which i* far from being certain) ex
traordinary, he will have no n ote reason to blame bim
"►II, than if leh-td sold (even for double the market
price) a moiety of a Lottery ticket, which subsequt n<
ly tire w a high prize.
1 Will inf n ion another (act, to show the value which
the agents the ins-Ives placed on tbe-e contracts, prior
to the decision of the Court of Ap; esl*. Ad Agent,
who had been eni| lny-d in several rases—(judgment*
on five ot which have been oh'a'ned for a large *
mount)—who had expended in the investigation of th*
clai ns, about one fait of what he proposed to receive,
did off r la-t winter, afier the Legislature refused to
pay any of the claim*, (considering tie chance ol sue*
C<*** 'hereafter so de-peratr) for $500, to transfer to me
all his interest in every claim, yet obligating himself
to aid as far as he could m the estsblshmeot of them_
Had ii been aceep'cd, lie would have been reimbursed
for pa«t actual expencye, and would have received a
I out $250 for all his trouble— | declined the preposi
tion. forttina'cly for him —Does not this fact alone,
(which will be at’e t d on oath before the Committee,
If desired,) show that the contracts were viewed by
'he Agents, »*offrng m»r* chances—remote chsncee
of compensation, and a* equivalents not rxcee> ing th*
ordinary certain fee*?—Few, if any of the claimants
would have given any -hing certain. Several claim*
were off red in-, it I would take let* than one
third—th-owners considering that too much. I de
clined, and oilier* have been engaged, and judgment*
obtained f.r very large sums, of which even 5 per e*B’,
if ever paid, will he mo*t ample remuneration—but I
could not fo'es-e th*. and would take nothing Ire*
'h-n onr-'hird per cent, notwithstanding the Auditor
think* or.e-filtieih p»rt ol tba' sum would equally bav*
eff-oted the ol ject.- The trtrh i», the claims were coo
•Id-red almost ah*nlut< ly drapers!*, and scarcely any
of the pariie* would have been willing to Inrur any
exp-nee whatever in the prosecution. The Legisla
tor- had. however, he n prevailed on to pass roine of
ih-m—rivir.g eominu'aMcn in a sort rf compromise_
and if the claim* could have been trough’ forward, tw*
or three at each session, they would probably hav*
h-eupait—And bin for Ibis probability of IheL-gie
latur-'s di ing >omu'h ng, I do rot believe any persoa
would have undertaken t> prosecute th* suit* for one
halt. I d- not say tht- in d-prerate the rppcsilioo *f
any or#—I mean 'oask no favour, and ro far a* my
own interest I* concerned, I would rather the Legisla
ture a’d the Courts should rej-rt the claims than allow
them, if any Impression in >h- latter rase is to eii*| a
gain-t the Jairnrtiot my e< nduct.— It (he claim* b*
injected, it will he conclusive, that the contingent
compensation proposed, was lea* than the most ordina
ry f-e* —But I do not mean to abandon the claims
b-liev ng them just in principle, I will do ell I can t*
estanlnh them.
It i« «nggss(ejf that the A Iminia'ra'i n It >nd« are
given in p-caliie* lota'ly inadequate to he amount of
the judgments. |* this a matter nrrc'ssrily of any
consequence ? I* jt not konwp, that in preseniing th*
penaltle* nl Bond*, relerenre i* had, not only to th*
value of the estate, hut t* e fire in* sue* of lb* Ad
ministratot’s b-ing a distributee ? In looking on th*
List reported Vy th* Auditor. I ere bu» three rasa# of
the** inadequate B >ud*. One ia Hofflsf’g ra**:—
When the Bud w»* given I0 years before suit, by if *
Kxeru'nr, who ws* one of only two Distributee*_and
• n that ease. Recording to the kudiftti'a statement,
nothing esn ha recovered, as th* Party wa* in debt to
th- Con monwealth is a larg • sum - In another ca*e,
the penalty of the B-od is $100 only.—The answer I*
s very simile on» : The Administrate- married the on
ly rhtid cf the Officer, and I* row entitled to every
cent of lb* claim—and to debts beli»-d to exist—It
would have b-en oppre*el-n in the Court'o have re
quired a bond in the usual penalty —The onty other
case Is that of a B >ntl in p*n-tl’y of $500. And In that
case, the Administrator and hi* Sister, llvinr, I believe,
wi'h him, are the Dia’tibutees, and no debts believed
to exist. Why, therefore, should a larger penally hav*
been required?
Another rema-k of th# Auditor In a lo-># of complaint,
l», that these ju lem-nt*, In mo t eases, were rendered
noon evid <nre »ak*o rx pmte. Dee* not the Auditor
know, that no evil-nee can, of cght, be adduced la
f'ourl, which bad not previously been eubml'ted to him?
Tbet the appeal to the Court is to revise hi* judgment,
upoo the evidence accompanying the claim that h*4