Richmond enquirer. [volume], September 25, 1846, Image 2

About Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867

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RICH M Oi\ I), V A .
Friday Morniu?, September 25, IMG.
The "Hon." Garni Davis, and Mr. Clay's opm
ten of the ad valortm and specific duties.
The Times of Friday andSaturday contains a
long review of our article of last week on this
subject. When we penned that article, we
scarcely expected to be compelled to allude again
to the matter of which it treats. We examined
Mr. Clay's remarks candidly and fairly: neither
adding to not subtracting from them one jot or
tittle of their plain import. Mr. Davis' article
in the National Intelligencer we treated in the
same manner. When our task was completed,
we thought that all we asserted was so plainly
true; that it was .so evident that the resolutions ,
of Mr. Clay, in 1S-J2, did not warrant the deduc* J
tions of Mr. Davis, that we would not be again
required to demonstrate that the great Whig
champion was in favor of ad valorem in prefer
ence to s-pecific duties. But the Editors of the
Times seem to be of a different opinion, and
thev fill nearly tour columns on t-riuav aimou
turday 10 show that we have done injustice both
to Mr. Clay and Mr. Davis. We are even re
present? I as attacking the integrity ol both these
gentlemen. Of the former we said nothing, but
that he pre/erred ad valorem to specific duties,
and quoted his language to prove our assertion.
Of the latter, that he drew unwarrantable infer
ences from Mr. Clay's language?and we used
his name only as w?* have a right to use that ol
any political opponent who charges a portion ol
our Democratic Congressmen with "unnatural
baseness." While we are not asked /or our ad
vice, we would say to the lidiiois <">1 the Times,
that, when they have a mind to complain of oi
fensive language, and institute flippant compari
sons, they can find fit subjects lor both their com
plaints and their comparisons in the Whig par
ty and in Whig productions?unless, indeed, like
old Polonius, they can see in a cloud the likeness
of a camel, a weasel, or a whale, as they may be
told by those above them in the party line. But
to return to our subject.
The Times contends that Mr. Davis gives the
right account of Mr. Clay's opinions, when he
says that his plan was to declare by law the value
of all imports, and then lay a duty of twenty-five
percent upon that valuation. The reason given
by the Times is that Mr. Simmons of Rhode
Island, had, with Mr. Clay's knowledge and appro
bation, determined upon such a scheme; and that
to this scheme Mr. Clay had reference when la
delivered his sperch on the true puhli<" policy in
March, 18-1*2. If we understand rightly, Mr.
Davis takes different grounds. He contends that
the principle of establishing by law the value ol
all imports, thereby rendering all duties neces
sarily specific, is engrafted in the celebrated coin
promise act ot 1833, which was presented more
than nine years before Mr. Simmons framed hi>
bill. Speaking of the compromise act, Mr. Da via
says:
"This law was trained upon these general
principles?
"1st. That until 1612 there should be a small
biennial reduction o!existing duties; ihe mini
inun, the specific, and the ad valorem duties allio
continue for the whole period, sul?je<-: to the e.?- j
tablished rate of reduction on each, without ain ;
change of its character.
"2d. That in 1842 all duties should be ad va
lorem on the home valuation; and, to presem
unitormity ot duties, that valuation to be estab
lished by Congress in the law," &c., &c.
Now we say, that there i* no such principle
in that law as the second one mentioned above.
If we ate mistaken, we call up?>u the Times t<>
point it out. If not mistaken, it will admit that
Mr. Davis intentionally or unintentionally mis
represents the language ot the Compromise Act.
Again?Mr. Davis brings torward the resolu
tionsot 1842; they aie in these words:
"Reso'vt J, That such an adequate revenue can
not be obtained by duties upon iuipoits. without
adopting a higher rate than twenty per cent., a>
provided lor by ihe Compromise Act, which, at
the time ol ii? parage, was supposed and as
sumed as a rate that would supply a sufficient
reventi" tor the economical administration ol the
Government.
"Resolved, theielore, That the rate of duties on
foreign imports ousjht to be augmented beyond
the rale ot twenty per cent., so as io produce a
net revenue ol twenty-six millions ol dollars,
twenty-two for the ordinary expenses ol the Gov
ernment, i wo for the payment ol the existing debt,
and two millions as a reserve fund for contingen
cies.
"Resolved, That in an adjustment of a Tariff to
raise an amount of twenty-six millions ol leve
nue, the principles of the Compromise Act gene
rally should be adhered to; and that tspcially a
maximum rale of nil valorem d'ltus should he esta
blished, lrou wh-< h there ought to be as little de
parture as possible."
Commenting on ihese resolutions, he says:
"Three principles are distinctly embodied in
them. First All the tevenue necessary lor the
support ol Government is io be raised by duties
upon foreign imports. Second. That such duties
are to be laid upon the home valuation of foreign
goods to be established by laic. Third. That the rale
should be twenty-live per cent, upon the home valu
ation on dutiable articles alone. It was provided
that the principles oi the Compromise Bill -hotild
be adhered lo in framing the new measure, and
those slated were t a Ken Irom that law. Instead
of adopting the inefficient arid absuid notion c l
an ad raWmduiy upon the foreign invoice, this
plan requires the heme t'tilut' ol all dutiable a nicies
to be declared, and established in the law; and
Upon this ascertained, fixed and inflexible valuation
of all articles, a duty ol twenty-live per cent, was
to be laid. So tar Irom abandoning the principle
of specific duties, it made all duties specific, by
specifying the value of every class of articles,
and levying a specific rate ol duty upon that va
lue. Thus, in the law, Russia hemp being va
lued at two hundred dollars per ion, would !>e
subject to a specific duty ot forty dollais; pig iron
being valued at thirty-two dollars pei ton, would
be subject to a specific duty of eight dollars; mo
lasses being valued at twenty-lour cents per gal
lon, would be subject to a specific duly ol six
cents, and so on throughout the whole list ot du
tiable articles."
Now we say, as wc said in our former aiticle
ihat we dety any man to find one syllable in the
above lesolulions which hinis at the idea ol fix
ing and declaring by law the value of all dutiable
articles. If the Times can do this, it can do
more than we can. It not, it will admit that
Mr. Davis has blundered again.
The Compromise Bill and the above resolu
tions we understand to be the data irom which
Mr. Davis inters that Mr. Clay was in 1833 ant
1842 not only opposed to ad valorem when com
pared with specific duties, but that he intended ti
apply ihe ad vcUnevi principle iu such a mannei
as to make it entirely specific. To expose thu
unwarrantable inference, w^an-;i|s w-lhouI|
ot single fact to warrant the position
it thereby assumes. We expected it to enlighten
us on the subject; to show us in what we misun
derstood Mr. Davis* language; lo reconcile the
Compromise Act and the resolutions of 184*2
with the interpretation of Mr. Davis, and to
show us in what particulars the language of the
former justified the construction which had been
placed upon ihem. This it did not do, and did
not attempt to do. Mr. Davis was lelt alone,
and the Times proceeded upon principles ol its
own. And now we have to request ol that print,
if it intends to notice this article, to say explicit
ly, before accusing us ol attacking Mr. Davis'
integrity, wheiher Mr. Davis has not given an
unwarrantable construction lo Mr. Clay's reso
lutions, and deduced Irom ihe Compromise Acta
principle which it does not contain.
So much for this point of the controversy.
We will now consider the remarks made by Mr.
Clay in 1842, to see if they throw any light upon
his views of ad valorem and specific duties.
In hia speech in 1842, to which reterence has
been made so often, he said that one of the great
principles of the compromise act was that a
fixed ad valorem duty shall prevail and be in
force at all times. Yet the Times contends that
at that very instant of lime, while saying ihat he
was willing to hold on to this principle, he had
been with Mr. Simmons eoneocting a bill by
which all ad reAw? duties should be abolished.
Mr. Clay luriher says, in the same breath, "there
are certain vague notions afloat as to the utility
and necessity of specific duties and discrimina
tions, which f am persuaded arise from a leant of
right understanding of the subject," Yet the 1 imes
c mends, that at lite moment lie uttercd these
woids, he was couitni ted to a bill containing
specific duties, and nothing else. Was ;Mr. Clay
?.> stupid thai he failed to observe what the "Hon."
Mr. Davis and the Editois ol the Times saw at a
glance, the nature oi'the duties to be levied by Mr.
Simmons' bill?that all of them werespeciti: 1
If he did not, then, without disparaging those
gentlemen, his opinions are not worth the paper
upon which this article is written. It he did see
that Mr. Simmons' bill reprobated all ad valorem
duties, then we contend that he was advocating n
principle he intended to discard, and was attack
ing one he intended to adopt.
We are perfectly aware of the difficulty of te
conciling Mr. Clay's opinions with Mr. Clay's
opinions, particularly on the subject of the TarilT.
We have employed ourselves o/ten in remark
ing how one i>f his positions rendered another,
taken in the same speech, perfectly untenable,
until we have come to the conclusion el' a late
writer in the Southern Review, that he did not
exactly understand his own views; and that he
could not appreciate a logical absurdity. But
still we have attributed to him some qualities of
[ a high order; and we thought that if lie was cleat
' and consistent on any point, it was on the subjec'
of ad valorem duties. We thought, and still think,
that it is perfectly evident that, with or without the
home valuation, he preferred ad valorem to specific
duties; the mure we examine the matter, the more
firmly is this belief fixed. The failure of Mr. Davis
and the Editors of the Times to make out their
position,still further strengthens us. We cannot
see how there can be any doubt on the subject.
In speaking of the principles of the Compromise
act Mr. Clay defends th, ad v?i.orc.M duties as a
principle incorporated into that act <n 1 *>:?{;{and
assails specific duties and disi rim inat ions, usprmci
pies properly discarded from that act on I'te same oc
casion. Did he mean that this language should j
only apply to the home valuation ? Then, why j
did he immediately compliment the ad valorem
duties on the foreign valuation by saying, that they
had occasioned no difficulty tu ttie Treasury 1?
If he meant to fall back upon specific duties, un- |
less he could get the home valuation, why did he j
say that notions of their utility arose from a want
of a proper nnderstading of the subject 1 Did he j
intend to take Mr. Simmons' ideaol specifics and |
none other? Then, why say he was pledged to j
any sort of ad valorem duties 1 Why this long I
analysis ol the principles ol the compromise act j
when he intended to repudiate its main feature 1 ?
In the next paragraph to 'he one we have ex
amined, Mr. CJay compares the ad valorem and j
specific principles without any qualification.? '
His language is:
'?Compare the dtnerence oeiween uj?
and the./*.' valorem system of duties, and I main
tain that the],itter is ju?ily entitled to the prefer
ence. The one principle declares the duly shall
be upon the real value of the article taxed; the
specific principle imposes an equal duty on arti
cles greatly unequal in value. Coffee, fur exam
ple, (and it is an article which always suggests
itself to my thoughts,) is one of the articles on
which a specific duty lias been levied. Now, it
is perfectly well known that the Mocha coffee is
worth at lea?t twice as much a* the coffee of St.
Domingo or Cuba?yet they both pay the same
duty. The tax lias no respect to their value, but
is arbitrarily levied on all articles of a specific
kind alike, however various and unequal may be
their value. 1 sav, that in theory, and according
to every sound principle of justice, thea^ valorem
principle of taxation is entitled to the preference."
This language clearly *efers to the pn
RKtr.N valuation under the Compromise Act.
1'n lnv satisfied of this, it is only necessary to add,
that the residue of the paragraph states that the
frauds to which this system (which he thus com
pliments) is liable, can in a great measure be re
medied by adopting the home valuation proposed
by Mr. Simmons. This shows conclusively that
he was not referring to ad valorem duties with the
home valuation, but to ad valorem duties, as they
had been before levied, without difficulty to the
Treasury, tinder the provisions ot the Compro- J
mise Act. He speaks of the ad valorem system
as a thing in existence, which had worked well,
and could be made better.
Mr. Clav continues by asserting, that, lroni the
origin of the government until 1H42, the articles
?rom which the greatest amount of revenue was
drawn had been taxed on the ad valorem princi
ple, and that he thought it was the best mode.?
And he also says, that, up to that time, those du
ties had been subject to fewer fraud* than those
incident to specific duties. For fear of being ac
cused of misrepresentation, we quote his words:
" Again?what has been the lact from the ori
gin of the Government until now ? The articles
from which the greatest amount of revenue lias
been drawn, *uch as woollens, linens, silks, cot
tons, worsteds, and a few others, have all been
taxed on the ad valorem principle, and there has
been no difficulty in the operation. I believe, up
on the whole, that it is the best mode. 1 believe
that if wc adopt a fixed rate ad valorem, whenev
er it can be done, the revenue will lie subjected
tn fewer frauds, than the injustice and frauds in
cident to specific duties. One of the most proli
fic sources ot the violation of our revenue laws |
has been, as every body knows, the efl'uil to get
in goods of a finer quality and higher value,
admitted under the lower rate of duty required
for those of a lower value. The honorable gen
tleman from New Hampshire, (Mr. Woodbury.)
and the henorable Senator from New York, (Mr.
Wright,) both well know this. But if the duty
was laid ad valorem, there would be tio motive
for such an effort, and the fraud in its present
form would have no place."
This is a direct comparison ol the ad valorem
and specific duties, when the fotmer were levied
on the foreign valuation before and after the pas
sage of the compromise; and an appeal to mem.
bers of the Senate in piove, that with the mode
of valuation which had been adopted up to that
lime the ad valorem duties were subject to fewer
trauus man any mun.
Wc hardly think thai it is necessary to waste
more of our time on this subject. We have
made out onr ca?e without perverting one iota o(
Mr. Clay's speech, lie alludes to Mr. Simmons
on but two occasions. The first allusion i?, that
he had understood that Mr. Simmons thought
that a satisfactory system of home valuation
could be devised, and that he (Mr. Clay) wished
hini success in the attempt. This certainly inti
mates that no such system had been devised. In
anothorconnexion, Mr. Clay says "with the home
valuation proposed by my friend from Rhode
Island, (Mr. Simmons,) the ad valorem system can
be adopted with all practicable safety," anc! as
Mr. Simmons afterwards brought forward a bill
containing nothing but specific duties, it could
not be the one which Mr. Clay understood him to
propose, for the purpofe of carrying out the ad
I valorem system. If Mr. Davis and the Editor ot
the Times are right, they would reptes-ni ihe
great Whig statesman as sue*1-'"? ?"?< length on
. an important ton--. ;-"cn eve'-V word was to be
.. -n oy :he provisions ot a bill understood)
which the country had never heard of, and which
he did not explain. They would represent their
gieat "practical statesman" as contending before
Congress for a maximum rate o! ad valorem du
ties, when he had agreed upon the principles of a
bill which discarded all ad valorem duties. They
represent him as upholding a great principle of
the compromise in 184*2, when he had privately
a iopted a set ot specific duties, which that Com
promise repudiated after the '20th of June. In a
word, they represent him as a knave or a lool?
either as uttering words which have no mean
ing, or one calculated to dupe and deceive. This
is carrying their hostility to the Revenue Tariff
10 extreme limits?when they place their great
leader in such a position, rather than not wield
the influence of his name against a single ieature
of the bill.
We hope our readers will pardon us for deba
ting at such length & question which needs no ar
gument, to prove that Mr. Clav did not in 1842
pledge himself to specific duties, when every
word he said of them was against them. It seems
to us a waste of time, and we now conclude the
investigation by the remark; L\H it is evident that
Mr. Clay did, in 1842, commit himself to Ike ad va
lorem principle, with or icithovt the hone valuation
in prefer nice to a scheme of sjtecijic duties. The
Times and the Whig congratulate each other, !
that Mr. Garten Davis'loyal and dutiful defence
ot Mr. Clay has been fully vindicated by the tor
nier paper. But while language preserves it
preren'. meaning, they can never convince iheir
readers, thai the' "lion." Mr. Davis has not gross
ly inisiepreseoted Mr. Clay's unequivocaland ci
press preierence lo rati valorem over specific duties.
THE FOREIGN AND THE HOME MARK EH.
With the Taritf press the "home market is
eveiy thing, ami but little importance is attach
ed 10 the {-fleet of the commercial policy ol Gt.
Britain, in opening a market to an immense
amount of American produce, and thereby rais
; ing the price ol our staples and giving new lite
to the business ol the country. They have a
right to employ such .-rguments, but we arc de
ceived if they can convince those not blinded by
party, that the opening ol the British ports has no
' relieved ihe "home market"of an amount of pro
: ducc which would otherwise have gone to a still
I lower depression. Take, lor example, the article
' ol Indian corn. Wasthat vast staple ol our coun
I try ever exported in any quantity until the open
I ing of the British ports to its consumption 1
Still, according lothe "home-market" theory, our
manufactures will consume a large portion of
: the article, and we ought to encourage them by
| high duties, excluding foreign manufactures, and
! depriving foreign countries of Ihe ability to con
! sume our vast surplus of corn. Is it not our
! plain policy, on the contrary, to cultivate a libe
I ral commercial intercourse wish the whole world,
1 and, by an interchange of commodities, expand
tiie markets for our superabundant produce, which
no "home market" can diminish to any sensible
extent 1 1
We have given all credit to the laws of de
mand and supply, and to the failure of the pota
to crop iu England and the cotton crop here,
and we still contend, that the increased prices ol
grain and cotton are greatly attributable to j
the activity given lo trade by Ihe liberal i
revenue measures on both sides of the At- I
lantic. But, ask ihe Tariff papers, why has not
tobacco also risen 1 Our answer is, that tobacco
is a luxury, and .-landson a different footing from '
grain and cotton, which ate absolute necessaries
of lile. People may live without the use of to
bacco?they cannot do without cotton and grain.
The former, therefore, is uot assensiiive to changes
in the commercial market as ihe two latter?but
we doubt not, that under the operation of the new
system, we shall soon see an improvement also
in ihe prices ol tobacco. Bui there is another im
portant element in the calculation. The British
potts are thrown open to cotton and grain?but
our tobacco is still subject to enormons duties.?
Under ihe influence ol Iree-trade principles, a
movement is now going on in England to strike
off the larger portion ol these duties, which now
lead lo the grossest smuggling, and we have rea
son to believe that it will nicceed. To attain this
important object, however, should weretrocede in
our commercial measures? Should we not ra
ther, by our liberal system, encourage Great Bri
tain lo strike off this remaining clog upon Ame
rican Aericulture i
Such are our views. Ol course, they will be
unsatisfactory lo the Tarilfites?but the more we
reflect upon what we now see, the more sati-fied
we are (hat the repeal of the corn-laws and the
reduction of our Tarlffhave given a new impetus
to trade, and ate destined to produce a healthy and
central prosperity throughout the Union?the more
convinced are we ol the absurdity of the "home
market" (henry. But as to this point we are con
tent lo rest upon ihe following powerful view,
which we find in the N. V. Evening Post. It
must shake the convictions ol the most hardened
protectionist:
THE HOME MARKET.?Oar corre?pon
ient "Free Trade," has sent u* the following
communication, which he calls "Tanrl Fallacy
No. 2." We print it conspicuously, because all
that he says on this subject is worth attention,
and inasmuch as we have a word ct our own to
pidd in the same strain:
For tile Kvcning Post.
"A home market" are words in the mouths ot
-ill the tariff orator.- and tariff presses, until the
words have become so familiar to their ears that
ihev believe they have some sense and some
meaning. But not one of them could tell what
ihev mean by "a hoine market," in its bearing
on protection, without l>eing ashamed ot using
lhe meaning as an argument.
i! bv "? home market, is lnepnt that most oi
the i.r.?luciN ol ih.- foil *re ??e<t or. I he spot
where they are raised, the words have a sensible
meaning, and their truth is applicable to our own
and almost all other nations. But, it in their ap
plication as to the tariff, they are designed to
convey the impression that any reasonable in
creased proportion of the farming products are
consumed in consequence ol the establishment of
cotton and woollen or other manufactories, it is a
fallacy so easily refuted by lacs, that it becomes
ridiculous in the mouth of a man who lays claim
to an ounce of common srnse. ...
The number of" persons employed in these ma
nulactones could not consume, lot instance, as
much Houras one county in our State produces.
The simple reason is, that ihrrc are so few o
them, not enough to make more than a-decent
sized Village; yet the protectionists would inakt
us believe that manufacturers keep up the pi ill
,,l agricultural products. ..... i
The n mil ol those remarks may be illustrated
bv taking the returns of the State of Massachu
setts, as an example, for the year lo45:
There were then employed in the cotton |vaD"*
laetures . , " >'
And in the woollen factories, including
virorsted goods,
Add to these the calico printers and car
pet weavers. , . ? '
Also ihe persons employed in making ma- ^
chmery, ,J ' .
We then have a total ol persons, 34,5*21 j
The estimate in this country ol the consump- i
tion of flour is one barrel to each individual. I he
couiitvof Monroe, in this State, raises one mil
lion two hundred and fifty thousand bushels ol
I wheat annually?equal to two hundred and fifty
thousand barrels ot tluur, and hall as much as the ,
! hi"hesi nretcntU'r in Massachusetts alleges is la
I keji by that State lor consumption from all other
parts ol the Union. . '
The same ridiculous pretensions are made "in
relerencc to Pennsylvania. ^ et the cotiniy ol
Lancaster alone raises more wheat than can be
consumed by all the iron and coal miners and
manulacturers in the State. In order to gel over
iliesc difficulties, we are told sometimes that we
must in' lude the families who are dependent en
these operatives. This would not help the mat
ter essentially. as if we allow live persons for
each laborer, the county named would luriiish the
whole quantity icquired. In cottons and wool
lens however, the mass ot the operatives have
! no lainilies, being generally unmarried persons
The numberol personsemployed incoal mines at.d
in the manufactory of iron in all its branches in
Pennsylvania in 1810 was 14,350; allowing five
persons to each of these and there would be de
pendent on them inclusive71,750 persons. II we
suppose the number to have doubled since that
time, so that there would now be 143,500 persons,
thev would only consume 617,500 bushels of
wheat. The county of Lancaster raised in that
year 1 129,277 bushels, more than 50 per cent.
bcvon.'l who? Ihn..? operatives would consume.?
The increase ol the crop of Michigan annually
is more ihan all that is consumed by the manu
facturers in the United States. It all they con
sume were burned up every year.it would not
mak>- a hall cent difference in the price of wheat
on a bushel."
Thus far Free Trade: but let u? subjoin a few
other facts:
The crop of Indian corn tor l81l> will be more
than five hundred millions of bushels.
The crop of wheat will exceed one hundred and
fortv millions of bushels, which would produce
equal to twentv-eighi millions barrels ot flour.
Within the last lour weeks the price ol Indian
corn in this market has risen, in c?nsequeuce ot
|ar<re shipments to Europe, from fifty cents per
busVl to eighty cents per bushel, which is an ad
vance of sixty per cent, on its value.
Flour, within the same period, had risen Irons
S4 to 55 per barrel, which is an advance of 25
per cent.
Rye has experienced a much greater advance
than wheat. .
All other articles of agricultural produce, as
well as provisions, have advanced considerably
in price in consequence of a foreign demand.
The enormous amount ol wealth which this
advance adds to the capital of the country, and
which goes chiefly into the pockets of the far
mers, can easily be estimated by referring to tab
ular statistics. We shall not pretend to indicaie
the precise amount; it will be seen at a glance
that it must be prodigious; we will even venture
to ssy that it greatly exceeds all the wealth that
all the cotton and woollen manufactures ol the
Daiion could make lor it in ten years. Yetihe
fanners, who are so deeply interested in the
spread ol the principles of free trade, are most
audaciously asked to sacrifice their stupendous
interests, that a few upstart manufacturers may
be allowed to coin money for themselves. They
are requested to forego the vast advantages of an
unlimi ed trade abroad, lor a problematical home
market; which, after an experience of half a
century, we are authorized to say, will never
open. It is quite incredible how the agriculturists
should have allowed themselves to be duped in
this respect as much as they have been.
We have no room ihis morning to hammer out
the "Iron business" with ihe Whig. We did not
produce the evidence of the Whig, to ptove
that the prospects of the iron wasters had
improved in consequence of the new Tarifl,
but to show ihe simple fact, that in the opi
nion of the Whig they were not entirely
ruined. And if we did draw improper de
ductions from what the Whig said, we copied
i's own words in lull, so that the correction was
at hand. When the new Tarill bill was passed,
the Whig press cried out that the iron interest
would be entirely ruined by the Lccotoco Tariff.
The Whig now says that "probably for some time"
the present price of iron in Great Britain will
be maintained, and during that time the iron mas
ters will be saved. Is not this a "confession" that
the "Locoloco Tariff' will not probably for some
time break up the iron men? That is the naked
question. As fur the causes of the rise of price
of iron in England, the lailroads, &c., they exist
ed at the lime ol the passage of our new TaritI
bill, and might properly have been considered as
good reasons lor reducing the heavyduties; for the
Whig says, that even under the present duty ol .'10
per cent., the price of iron will be higher than
under the TaritI of '42. There is, then, no
"ruin" here!
The Time* will see, in another column, that
we have not "desisted entirely" from the contro
versy in regard to Mr. Clay and the ad vakrcvi
duties. So far from regarding this as a "good
point" made against us, we would cheerlully
continue the discussion, if we had the time or the
space to throw away. We were never more sure
of being fully vindicated by the (acts and by logi
j cal deductions from those facts. But we have re
I ally had more interesting matters before us than
the articles of the Times, and hence the delay in
I noticing them.
j Wc lake this occasion to say, that the Times is
again in error, when it lelert lo the articles ol the
j Standard and ourselves as being "extremely dis
cordant." True, we differed in our appreciation
ol the "Hon." Garrett Davis as a witness. The
Standard treated Mr. Clays opinion as to the
form of duties as a collateral question, and, even
admitting the full force of Mr. Davis' argument
made out its case fuliy agaiist Mr. Clay. We
confined ourselves to the question ol duties, and of
course combated Davis1 testimony with all our
zeal.
The national reputation has been seriously
wounded by the bloody and disgraceful civil war
between the Mormons and aili-Morinons at
Nauvoo. We hope soon to ste it arrested by
public opinion, or the strong am ol the law.?
We are not familiar with the causes of the intes
tine struggle, but we fear that religious prejudice
may be at the bottom ol it. Hown'er infatuated
the superstition of thr Mormons, this is the land
of religious freedom, and men are ^sponsible for
their opinions to Heaven, and net toman. It,
however, in the practice of their f'oim of worship,
they violate the obligations of law and become
a auisancc to society, let the law, and not the
hand of violence, interfere to correct the evil. In
a land ol laws, there should be no mischief with
out a corresponding legal remedy. Whichever
*ii!e, then, may be in the wrone, for we do not
profess to know the facts, we are irclined to sym
pathize with ihe assailed Mormons. In a leiler
in Ihe St. Louis Reveille we find the following
touching incident, which smacks somewhat of
"martyrdom
"During the progress of the fight, an invalid
Mormon was posted upon the lop ol the temple,
with spy-glass in hand, watching its progress;
and the wives ol the citizens, with their children,
were gathered at the base ol the building, with
upturned eyes and painfully anxions faces, lis
tening to his report ol the battle, which, from time
to time, he related to them from above. Our in
formant say?, that ha heard many o! these poor
Mormon mother* declare that iliey would perish
in the streets of Nauvoo, defending it against thi"
mob, if it should drive their husbands in from the
field where they are posted."
Whether Mr. Polk be for peace or war, the
Whigs will grumble. The Times, referring to
the reported rejection l>y Mexico, of our offer of
peace, says:
"Mr. Polk will have again to buckle on the
harntss <>i war, and obtain bv force what lie has
la iIt-tl iti fiain by an ill-timed 'jfort at conciliation.''
Mr. Polk, then, was wrong in wishing to
make peace ; for at what more suitable moment
could he have made the "effort at conciliation 1"
The Southern Literary Messenger for October,
will be issued to-morrow?an excellent Number.
If our friend W. in Dinwiddie will send us the
Peter-burg Republican of the 4th September,
we will republish "G.," it it be not too long. We
have not the paper.
To the Editors of the Enquirer .
MEXICO AND HER RULERS.
All eyes are now turned to this ill-fated, but
beaulii'ul and interesting country. A brief sketch
of her Presidents may not be uninteresting to
your readers. From the annexed it will appear
that every President she has ever had has been
deposed by violence, banished or shot. Revolu
tions are gotten up in Mexico with as much faci
lity as (Jen. Scott took Mai "hasty plate of soup"
It is absurd tocxpect any thing like a stable go
vernment from the present materials in Mexico ;
and rould it not l?c an act o( kindness, on the
part of the United States, to "extend our laws,
over the country 1 No one, not acquainted with
the population of Mpxico, can lor in any^ idea
of the degradation ot the lower class. They
arc greatly inferior to our Southern slaves.?
Soon after the battle of San Jacinto, the writer
of this spent some time in Texas, anil daily saw
many of the captive*. They had been turned
over to the planter-, and traded off fiom one to
another, as wi*. trade horses in Virginia. 1 hey
were suffered to go at large, yet not one seemed to
have sense.or cnergv enough to in.ike any attempt
to cscnpe. In truth, tliey were much better off
with their Texan, than tlity would have been
with their Mexican, masters. It is not generally
known in the United States, thai under the laws
i of Mexico they arc jold for debt, and their pur
! chasers'always find means to extend, and often
perpetuate, theirslavery. How can such a peo
ple conduct a Government with good laith to
! wards other Governments? Hut to the sketch.
iTURBine?Emperor ota limited monarchy, es
tablished alter the separation from Spain?exiled,
returned, and was shot in 1n'2*2.
Gen. Victoru?The first President elected in
18*24?Bravo (Vice President) denounced him,
but was beaten and banished.
Gen. Pedrazi?Elected in 1829 over Guerre
; ro, who used violence to displace him, aided by
i Santa Anna, who was defeated and made his es
cape. In October, 18:28, Ex-Marquis Caduca
headed a mob, seized the Government, and Pedra
za tied.
Gukrrkro?Next declared elected; Bustamente
Vice President. Soon after Bustamenle revolted,
civil war ensued, which ended in the execution of
, Guerrero, in 1S31, at Osaca?leaving
Bustamente in the Presidential Chair. In
183:!, Santa Anna inarchcd from Vera Cruz to
the capital, and made Bustamente resign in fa
; vor ol Pedraza, then an exile in Philadelphia.
Santa Anna?Elected in May, 1833, taken pri
' soner by Houston I83ti. Bustamente, then in
exile in France, returned and was elected; soon
after Santa Anna, on his return, took the field
against him and drove him from power, but, in
; turn, was driven from power by
Gen, Hkrrera, who sent him (Santa Anna)
to Havana, in 1845?was deposed by
Gen-. Parrdfs, whose race has been short, for
now (1846) we again find
Santa Anna at the head ol affairs. How
long he is to remain so, "this deponent <-aith not."
Essex County. J. A. P.
VIRGINIA'SPRINGS.
To the Editors of the Enquirer:
i Gentlemen: Amongst the notices in the press
ol the various resorts for health above and below
the mountains, it is surprising that mention has
not been made of one possessing claims not in
ferior tothose of any other watering place in Vir
ginia?I allude to Jordan's Sulphur Spring, in
the county of Frederick, within six miles of the
town of Winchester. To begin the enumeration
ol these claims, with one of the weakest, though
to the valetudinary one ol no minor importance,
let me advert to the celerity and com;'ort with
which access to this spring is effected.
Instead of being packed into stages, with from
nine to thirteen passengers in and upon these
vehicles, fitted to carry about six grown persona;
instead of being aroused at 2, A. M., and kept
in a state ol actual torture for sixteen or eighteen
hours, to accomplish a distance of liule more
than fifty miles, and being subjected to the impo
sition of ext'apay for baggage; instead of these
inflictions encountered on the ronte to other
Springs, the traveller to Jordan's can leave Rich
mond after breakfast, sleep at night, and break
last next morning, at the Relay House, between
Washington and Baltimore, and reach the ter
mination ol his journey on the second day to din
ner. The expense of the trip will be about eleven
dollars; neither the rest Dor the meals of the in
valid will be disturbed; he will have space and
room euough to move his limbs, and will, more
over, be subjected to no grinding extortion for
j baggage?the entire route being performed by
j railroad and steamboat. Never having seen an
| analysis of the water at Jordan's, I cannot speak
I with certainty of its properties?judging from the
| senses, it would be pronounced a strong Sulphur
w ter.
The situation of the spring is one, ol which
I every person would conclude at a glanct that it
? was peculiarly the abode of health. It is placed
j among the hills of ihe Opequan; thesurtounding
j surface being a bed ot slate rock, there is no
j cause of apprehension from dampness, nor from
I decay of luxuriant vegetation. For the manner
i in which the hotel is kept, the proprietor merits
the highest prai?e. The chambers and bedding
are delightfully neat; and with regard to the ta
ble, I am disposed, take it altogether, to rank it
above any public table 1 have ever known. The
circumjacent country being generally cleared
and cultivated, game is rarely to be procured, but
the bee/, mutton, poultry, vegetables, milk and
Itresh butter are abundant, and all ol first qual
ity. Every thing is excellently cooked and neat
ly served. But it is impossible, almost, to pass,
without special notice, the bread, of which, eve
ry morning and evening, there are lour or five
varieties, eaihptrfect in its kind. It presents, in
truth, a perfect spec'acle.
I send you, gentlemen, this short notice as an
act of sheer justice to Mr. Jordan, and from a
conviction that a knowledge of his pleasant and
heathful location and excellent fare may be es
sentially advantageous to our community.
A SUBSCR1BER.
LATE AND IMPORTANT.
Cattcrk ok California.?We have received
? the following letter from an officer of the U. S.
! ship Levant, who was on board the U. S. frigate
Savannah, Commodore Sloat, when that otiicer
took possession of Monterey. This is the most
particular account of this interesting conquer
that has yet been received in the United States:
On board U. S. ship Levant, )
Off Ma/atlan, Aug. 10, J
I wrote you from Monterey, Cth July, but tear
ing a miscarriage, 1 send you by this opportunity.
On the 6:h ol July, all was bustle in the cabin
: of the Savannah : some four or five men were to
be seen busily employed writing letters, procla
mations, &c., preparatory to taking possession of
i California. I: was long after the witching hour
i of in id night ere I was enabled tocatch a short and
troubled repose, as all was to be prepared by 6
j o'clock the following morning, which came as
; bright and beautiful as a July day ot oi;r own
favored island. At G, A. M., Capt. Mervine
I came on board to receive orders, and at 7 he left
I with a summons to the military commandant ol
| Monterey to surrender the place forthwith to the
i arms of the United States, and also a similar
? summons to the military Gove, nor for the sur
render of all California.
; At 9, A. M., ol the 7th July, the expedition
started Irom the Savannah, composed of the boats
of the Savannah, Levant and Cyane, and landed
without opposition at the mole. The forces were
then marched up a short distance io the custom
house, where a concurse of the inhabitants were
assembled. Here the marines and men were
halted, and the proclamation read to the multi
tude by Rodman M. Price, Esq., Purser of the
Cyane, in a loud and distinct manner, which was
received with threa hearty cheers by thus* pre
sent. Ihe ilag of the United States was then
hoisted by acting Lieut. Edward Higgins, imme
j diately after which a salute of 21 guns was fited
| by the Savannah and Cyane. The custom hou>e
j was then turned into a Io track for the United
! States forces, and every thing settled down quietly,
j Communications were immediately despatched
j to Commander Montgomery, ol the Portsmouth,
at St. Francisco, at which place, and at 7. a no-'
i nia, the United States Ilag was hoisted on the
morning of the 'Jih; and before ten days had
I elapsed, the whole ot California, North oi Mon
I terey, was under the flag ol the United States,
much to the apparent satisfaction of the people,
| who hope it will last, knowing how much better
j they will beoii under the Government of the U.
I States.
On the Kith July, Commodore Stockton arrived
j ?too laic, however, to participate directly iu tak
ing possession of California.
On ihe 29th, Comuiodote Sloat gave up the
command to Commodore Stockton; hoisted his
flag on board of the Levant, and sailed for the U.
States via Ma/atlan; and we hope to reach the
United States in all November.
" Mazati.an, (California) August 17.
"Commodore Sloat arrived off this pott three
tiays ago, in the Levant; he remained but one day j
and then proceeded to Panama on his way home,
leaving Captain Stockton in command in Califor
nia, which had all passed quietly into the posses- I
sion of the American forces. I
"It is the general belief that this coast will be
blockaded by the end of next month. The War
ren left here in June, with despatches from the
Government for the Commodore, supposed to fie
orders .-.bout a blockade ot tin's cuast. When
Commodore Sloat leu Monterey she had not ar
rived, but could not have been out more than four
or five days after he sailed, so that if Capi. Stock
ton carries those orders into eflnct his ships will
probably be here in September."
.V. V. Commercial Advoliscr.
SHELTON F. LIvAtvK, liMi-wcarc au
thorized to slate, (says the Lynchburg Republi
can,) that Mr. Leake will address the people ol
Amherst and Bedford at their October courts'.?
He designed doing so at their September courts,
but was prevented by professional and other en
gagements. lie would be pleased to see as many
ol his Jellow-citizens present on those occasions
as possible.
APPOINTMENT.?The Georgetown Advo
cate states that Capt. Clement Smith, Comman
der of the Independent Greys, of that town, on
Friday received an appointment of Captaincy in
the regiment of U. S. mounted riilemen.
We have seen various versions in the newspa
pers of the contents of the late despatches from
Mexico, (says the Union.) Rut whatever be the
truth upon the matter, our true policy seems to
point to a vigorous prosecution ol the war. The
President, with all his disposition for peace, has
dtclared his objections to any armistice, to any
cessation of hostilities until a Treaty of Peace
has been made and ratified. As we said the
other day, the only road 10 a prompt and perma
nent peace, is a vigorous prosecution of the war.
[Correspondence of the Journal of Commerce]
WiSIlIMiTON, Sept. 21st.
The intelligence from Mexico and from Low
land is considered here a* highly important. The
general opinion seems to be, that Mexico must
now listen to our otlers ol peace. No reply has
yet l>een received to the overtures made to Mex
ico bv this Government, and communicated
by Commodore Conner on the -Jotli Augu-t;
but many circumstances, it is said, com
bine with the offer ol British mediation, lo in
duce the Mexican Government (if there is any
such Government) to accept our proposition of
peace, exacting as they probably are. Santa
Anna's necessities and interests will more if an
> counterbalance his feelings ot hostility toward-,
the United States, and at least one of his coun
selors, M. Rejon, will advise him to put down
the military power of Mexico, instead of
strengthening it by a prolonged war.
When the Whig papers, (says the Columbia
[Tenn.J Democrat,) abuse the present adminis
tration, ihey should bear in mind that ihey are
but abusing the gieat majority of the American
people who placed it in power. They do not so
much abuse "Polk and Dallas" as they abuse the
people who elccted ihem. The President is only
carrying out the great measures he was choscn to
support. He was elected to consumaie the great
measure of Annexation, to settle the long agita
ted Oregon question, to abolish iheodiou* and un
just Tariff of IS4i2, to establish a sale and consii
tutional Treasury system, &c. These things he
was elected to do?he has done ihem, and to the
satisfaction of the people who elected him to the
highest office within their gift. If these measures
are wrong, the people were wrong for electing a
man pledged to carry them oui.
"The \Vliic? of Wheeling, taking tlir cue from the
Tariff leadi-r,'Stewart, of Pennsylvania, liav? resolved
to form a 'Home Lenjur,' " fcc., 4c.
(/tirAmund f'.m/uirer.
fry No, Sir-ee.' The \\~iiiei of Wheeling
haveiwt resolved to form a "Home League;" but
a few of them, led on by that master-spirit of
Humbuggery, cn Ashland Square, (Whew!!!
what a sounding appellation !) held two or three
meetings?public ones?the last one was whittled
down to the leetk end of nothing.
A very large majority, wc believe, of the Whigs
of Wheeling, on this matter, art like men of
judgment and sound discretion. They have seen
that, by the election ol Col. Polk to the Presiden
cy, the country has not only vol been ruined, but
that it is in a more prosperous and thriving con
dition than it has been for many years. Alter
the election, in 1814, ihey set to business, not sa
tisfied wiih the result, but confident a change could
not be effected in less than four years; and have
made their own wealth and prosperity. They
see every body around them with smiling faces,
and contcnlrrunl reflecting in their very counte
nances. Seeing these things, and apprehending no
immediate deleterious consequences from the
passage of the Tariff bill, they are unwilling to
risk their business operations on the throw of a
die, at least under such a manager as the one
who presumes to lead them. They are disposed
to let well enough alone.
We do not feel like letting an erroneous idea,
on this subject, gain a footing abroad. It is per
fectly understood here and would require no con
tradiction, but the charge would have gone out and
gained credence abroad, unless ice would take it in
hand, for the whig press here would let it slide.
It looks rather out of place, too, for us to defend
"the whigs of Wheeling," but we believe in put
ting "the saddle on the right horse."
? Wheeling Argus,
ACTS
or THE tivkxty-msth
Con^rc^ of the U. States,
Passed at the First Session, which was be sun and
held at the City of Washington, in the District
of Columbia, on Monday, the first day of
December, one thousand eight hun
dred and forty-Jive.
JAMES K. roi.K, President.
(iliORGK M. DALLAS, Vice President.
JOHN VV. UAVJSt!t!?,r,lkeroriUe """"of , .
' J Representatives.
CHAP. 1.? An Act to extend the laws of the United
States over the Slate of Texas, ami for other purpojex.
Sic. I. lie it enacted by the Senate nrnl House of Re
presentative* of the lTiiitt il states ol" America in Con
gress assembled, That all the law.-of the United Slates
are hereliy declared to extend In and over, and to have
full force and etTect within, the State of Texas, aitiuit
ted at the present session of Comtress into the cohfede
racy and Union of the United Slates.
Si c. -J. And he it further enacted. That the Maid State
of Texas shall constitute one judicial district, to lie call
ed the district of Texas, for which one judge shall be
appointed, who shall reside therein, mid who shall re
ceive a salary of two thousand dollars per annum, and
who shall hold the lirst term of raid conn at Galveston,
on the lirst Monday of February next, and at such other
times and plates in said district as may be provided by
luw, or ai> said judge may order; and that said court
shall have and exercise the same power-, and jurisdic
tion as have been conferred by law on the district courts
of the United Slates: and, also, shall have and exercise
the powers and jurisdiction of a circuit court of the Uni
ted States; and appeals and wrils of error shall lie Iroin
the decisions of said district anu circuit courts for the
district of Texas to the Supreme Court of the United
States. In the same cases as from a circuit court of the
United States to said Supreme Court, and under the
same regulations.
Sue. 3. And be it further enacted, Tlut there shall
i be appointed in and for said district h person learned in
i the law, to act as attorney of the United States for said
| district, and also a person to act as marshal of the Uni
j ted Slates for said district, each of whom shall receive
. an annual salary of two hundred dollars, and also such
I compensation and lees for i rtirial services as have been
: or may be provided by law for United States district
! attorneys and marshals; mid the judco of s"id court
shall appoint a clerk therefor, who shall receive like
j compensation and fees as have been or may be allowed
by law to clerks of the district and circuit courts of the
United States. JOHN IV. DAVIS,
Speaki r of the House of Representatives.
G. M. DALLAS,
Vice President of the United Slates,
and President of the Senate.
Approved, December 29, 1815.
JAMES K POLK.
i UI1AP. 2.?An art to establish a collection district iii
the Stale of Texas, and for other purposes.
Sec. I. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United Slates of America in
Congress assembled, Thai the Stale of Texas shall be
| one collection distr'ct, and the city of Galveston the
j only port of entry, to which shall be annexed Sabine,
Velasco, Mataeorda, Cavallo. La Vaca, and Corpus
Chnsu, as pons of delivery only.
I Ski . 2. And be it further enacted, That a collector
! for the district of Te*as aforesaid shall be appointed by
? the President, with the advice and consent ni tin Se
! naif of the United States, w ho shall hold his office
upon the terms and for the tune prescribed by law for
the like offices in other districts. The said collector
shall rrside at the city of Galveston,and he shall be en
titled to a salary not exceeding two thousand dollars,
including in that sum the fees allowed by law; and the
amount lie shall col ect in anv one year for fees exceed
iug the said sum of uvo thousand dollars, shall be ac
counted for and paid into the treasury of the United
! States.
' Skc. :i And he it further enacted, That a surveyor
for each of the aforesaid ports ol delivery, io .vit: Sa- J
bine, Velasro, Matagorda, Cavallo, La Vaca. and Cor '
pus Christi, shall lie appointed bv I he President, with
the consent of tile Senate of the United Slatrs. who
; shall hold their olllees respei lively upon the terms and
' for the time prescribed by law for the like offices in
j other districts. The said surveyors shall be entitled
? each lo a salary not exceeding one thousand dollars, in
! eluding III lhat sum the fees allowed by law; and the
' amount collected by any of said surveyors in any one '
' year for lees exceeding the ?aid sum of mie ihous nid
dollars, shall be accounted lor nod paid into the treasu
ry of the United Stales.
Approved, December 31, IH45.
CHAP. 3.?An Act to repeal Hit- art which aholishe J
tli*., tlicr of our of iht* Insperl.ua (ieuetal of Hie army,
and Mi revive ami establish said ollke.
<rc 1. Be it enacted by llie Senate ami House < f Re
preventative* of the t'niled Slates of Amen, a in Con
gress assembled, Tliat so much of tlie fourth section oi
an art approved the iweiity-lhiid day ot August, on.
thousand eitflil hundred and forty-two, entitled "An
art re-iHTtiuE the organization ot the army, ami lor
other purposes," I see vol. lo a* direct, ll.at it .
office of one inspector general ol the army shall lie alio
hilied, and the inspector disi harged, shall lie, and Hie
same I* hereby repealed; and all arts ami pints ol act*
so repealed shall l>e, and the same Jielehy are, revi\< .1
and continued in lorre.
Approved, January !-, iR i'i.
CHAP. 4- An Art to continue the office of Comuiis- ,
sinner of Pension*.
?J?;c 1 He il enacted by the Senate and House ol
Representative! or il.e I nit.d States of Amerira in
Congress assembled, Tli.it the autliority given lo cot.
untie Il.e office of tV.mii.lssn.tier of Pension* by the art
of the twentieth of January, eighteen hundred and tor
tv-three,entitled "An act to rontinue the office ol I om
niioioiier of Pensions," be extended to the fourth of
.March, eighteen hundred and forty-nine, and no longer.
Approved, January 14,1?J1G.
CHAP. <"'? An Act establishing certain Post Route!
Ss?". I. Be it enacted by the Senate and House ot
Representatives of the United States of America in
Con cress assembled, That there be and is hereby esta
blished a post route from New Orleans, in Hie Stale ol
I .O.I Ilia il a, ab.lig the Gulf roast to Galveston, them, (o
Vrlasro to Matagorda, to Pass Aransas, and to l orpu
rhri-ti 'in T<-.<as, by land or waler, as the Postmaster
Ceiieral may deem ..I, that a |??t mute be al-o
established from IJalvestoii, via the rity ol Houston,
San Felipe de Austin, Ijtgrange, and Baslrop. to Aiis
tin. Also, lh" following routes: From I'llItoii,'in the
Stale of Arkansas, via Boston, Clarksville, lionliuin,
and Kails of the Itr.i7.os, to Au.-tin, from Natchitoches,
via Sabine Town, Nacogdoches, Crockett'*, and Wash
ington, to Lagrange; from Shrcvaport, in the State of
Louisiana, via Pulaski, to Narngdorhes. from Velasrn,
via Brasona, Texana, Victoria, and Coliad, to Sail An
tonio de Be tar; from the city of Houston to RobbinV
Kerrv: from Ausiin to San Antonio de Kexar; and th.-.t
ii shall be ihe duty ol the Postmaster General li.rontract
fur ronveving a mail on said routes as soon a- can con
veniently* be done after the passage of this act.
Approved, February G, 18-J'j.
CHAP. "? An Art relative to Collectors and other Of
ficers of the Customs.
Sil. I. Re it enacted by the Senate and House of
! Representatives of the L'nited Stales of Amerira in
Cougrex* assembled. That collectors and all other offi
I rers of the custom*, serving for a less per.o.1 thai, a
year -hall not be paid for the entire year, but
allowed ill no case a greater tban a pro rata ol the mail
mum compensation . f the said officer- respectively for
the time only will, h they artlially Serve a* such col'er
tors or officers, whether il.e same be under one or trior*
appointments, or before . r aft.* confirmation. And no
collecto. or otli. r ollirer shall, m any tase, receive for
his services, either as fees, salary, lines, penalties, for
feitures or otherwise, for the time he may be in ser
vice, beyond the maximum prorata rale ptuvi.led by
JSsc. 2. And be II further enacted. That all account*
for salary, compen-alioli, and eiuolllliu ills, shall be
tendered quarterly at the end of eacll quarter of the lis
' Sm.'m And be it further enarted. That no portion
of the additional duties provided by the seventeenth
-ertion of the art of August thirtieth, eight-en liundre.l
and forty-two, entitled "An art to provide re\eriu- from
import*, and to change and modify existing taws im
po.ing duties on imports, and for other purposes," shall
be deemed a fine, penalty, or forfeiture, for the purpose
of being distributed to any ollirer ofthe customs, but
the whole amount thereof, when received, shall be paid
directly into the treasury.
Sko. 4. And be il further enarie.l, That all arts and
parts of acts inconsistent with this act are hereby re
pealed.
Approved, February 11, IHIo.
CHAP. p ?An Art to enlarge the powers of the seve
ral Orphans' Courts held in and for the District ol
Columbia.
Si-.c. 1. I'* it enacted by thn Senate and House of
Representatives of the Cn'ted State* of Amerira iii
t'otigre.s assembled, That the several ?irpliari"-' Courts
held in and fot the District ol Columbia be and they
are hereby, authorized and empowered to appoint a
guardian or guardians to any and evary infant orphan
who may now or hereafter be ??ruilled or have ri/lit or I
claim to any property, real, personal, or mixed, within, 1
or whose person and residr lire may be within, tlo< juris- J
.lirtion ot said court, except when said orphan may
have a testamentary guardian, and shall rapine of said [
guardians so appointed, and of testamentary guardian*,
unless directed otherwise by the will appointing them.
! bond with good and sufficient surety, as now required
I bv law And when any infant, who?e fuller may be
j living, shall, by jilt or oiheiwise, be entitled to any
i property separate Iroiil the father, it shall an I may be
I lawful for said courts to compel the father, a* natural
! guardian, to give bond and security to arcount for said
j property, and to compel littn -o account, a* guaidinn*
in other rases; and if be shall lail or refye to give
i ?urh bond, nr. at his request, said rourts shall have I
power to appoint a special guardian to take . barge of ,
said property, who shall givo bond and security a- in :
i other cases. lull with condition to <>111 the case.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That in all raaea j
! where any of said courts hare heretofore appointed, or [
I may hereafter appoint, a guardian or guardians, or ta
1 ken bond, or may hereafter take bond, from any guar
diari or guardians, and shall at any time have good
: cause to believe that the in'rrest of the ward or wvr-'a
may requite it, said rourt shail have power and aotho
j rity to compel said guardian or guardians to give addi
i tional other or furllier security. iu such lime a* said
i court mav direct; and upon Ins failure to coinp'y with
j the order of court directing such security, said court
j shall have power and authority, and It shall be their
! duty to dismiss said guardian from office, arid appoint
i another in his stead, and order the estate of the ward
j to be forthwith delivered to the newly appointed guar
dian, and shall have power, by fine and imprisonment,
or any legal ptneess, to compel and enforce a compliance
with such order, or mav, whero it can he *0 done, order
their marshal to take possession of and deliver the pro
perty . Provided, however, Thai 110 order shall be made
directing a guardian to give new security until lie shall
have been duly siimmniie.l to -how cause against, or
have had ten days' notice in writing of the intepded
application. , _L .
Sj;. . 3. And be it further enacted, 1 hat in nil cases
where any of said courts have heretofore appointed, or
may hereafter appoint, an administrator or administra
tor*, or have taken or may take bond from any exeru
tor or executor* t?? any la?t vv ill ami testament, and
shall at any time become satisfied that the serum; is
insufficient by reason of the removal or insolvency of
the sureties in the bond, or any of them, or by reason
of the penalty of the bond being too small, or from my
othercaufewhatever.it shall and may be lawlul for
the said court to order and r. quire the said administra
tor or administrators, executor or executors, to give td
ditlonal other or further serurity, and lo remove strh
administrator or administrators, executor or executsrs,
if they shall fail or refuse to comply with such or<er.
and appoint an administrator or administrators in hu or
their Slead, and shall further have power lo order and
require any assets or estate of the decedent, which rcay
remain unadministered, to be delivered lo said newly
appointed administrator or administrators de tonu w>a,
and to enforce a compliance with such order by Ine
and attachment, or any other legal process : Provided,
however,That said administrator or administrators, ex
ecutor or executors, shall first be summoned to shew
rause against such orders, or have ten days' notice, m
willing, of the intended application.
Sic. 1. And tie it further enacted, That the powe-s
herein (ranted lo said courts, by the foregoing aectiois
of tlii* act, may he exercised by said courts ei vjficia, ur
on the application of any one interested.
See 5. And be It further enacted, That this act shal'
be in force from and after Its passage.
Approved, February SfO, 1S46.
TURPIN'S tiFFICR.?Lottery draws in Richmond
to-day, at 5 o'clock, P. M. Capital $4,nOn. Ticket*
*1, halve* 50 rents; quarters 25 cent*. 7.i Nos , 12
drawn. Tickets for sale at TURPIN'S OFFICE.
Sept. S3
COMMERCIAL RECORD,
RICHMOND MAKKKTS. SEPT. ^4.
TOBACCO.?Inspeciiots very ligbt.
Lave no change to notice in the article lor iiie
week. We quote lug.-, at iuiii -1 OU t., |
common leal 00 io 3 0*; middling S3 '
4 00; good ar.d fine shipping 54 00 tu G 00: |
manufacturing S6 UOtoS " I
FLOUR?Old 51; new { 50 to 1 75 a, |
Very little doing.
CORN?57 i a GO cents >?[ bushel *
ter (eelins prevails in the sua uei. " " |
OATS?None arriving.
WHEAT?75 io 107ic-, zcc< rdin?i? .
WHEAT OPPAL?Brat 10 ce [> -
cents; Brown Stuffs -jo cents. Ship
PROVISIONS.?Bacon :
Cured G aGJ ct<. lor hog rouni. \ '
6 a Glcts;Shoulders la4J cu. Luu.7asi(V'.
FISH?Herrings,dull at?4 i>r N.. i sna"''
SALT?SI GO a 1 G5 Irotn .he wharl
STOCK MAKKKT.
Reported by Beverlty Hlair, Lccns -1 ,v
State *ix prr centu?par value. $1 ? . . .,
(Corporation (j prr cents?par valur.&: ,,1' '
$lU2. " fa"', j
Jameii River and Kanaw lia Ronds, tn -.lamerd i ?
Slate?par value. held ai par an>l ii.tere,!.
l*.\ciiaiik<' Hank Stock?par t .l!Ue,$liNi _la< . >.
K-trmer*'Rank Stuck?p.ir v,t.ir. i i o?^ ,
Virginia Hank Stock?par va ,i>. *?'??tt 1 id. '
Manchester Cotton and Wmi| .Mniiiitai Mring s
par value, $luo?held at sj.'.
Richmond Kire Association St.ck?par \a!i:. t
$?29 a 39}.
Richmond, Fredericksliutf and I'otoutac R . .
Stock?par value, JliM)?helil ai $'!>
Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac tVu,.
of Orbt?par value. $|lhl? '*?? to y.Ki.
Richuiond and l.ouisa Railroad Slock?par valur, t
held at $"?>?
At New York, on Wednesday, Genesee u
sold at I0-J cts Northern < "< tn 73 . ens. .
35 a 36 cts. Brandy wine tlotit Sj, ami S u;r>"
175. Whiskey 24jc. in bbls.
Ptlll.AtlK! Pll:? St.-pt .
In run.AnEt.Piiu Flour is .n tLo '.i-cjue
is held at SI "5 tor fresh gMtii.d; > itth?*rn j
Western at 4 G'J* t?? 4 75. t"..rn M-3
Rye Flour 3 25. Wheat ixluii prime r ?? j.
a 103c. Oats,33:. Corn,ill':. Wiii".,,^-,, v
MARINE JOURNAL.
f O IC I OF It It'll .11 ?> *, |?.
High Water thisd:ty, at 71 u . y
ARR1VKD,
Schr. CVInmbia, Green, Philadelphia.
Schr. Herald, Small, Poulard
Schr. 1 lope, Rickaid, New Y?<iU
SAILED,
Schr. Presto, Willitts, Baltimore
Schr. Susan, (iar>iner, Dighton.
Schr. T. Frelenhuvsen. I?? cart, New V ,
Schr. William Wright, M>Gee, N u ^
Schr. Providence. Gaging, Baltim- r<
NOII FOLK, Sept. -J3?ArrI, sciirv P .
Campbell, and Eagle, Deniu* Irom Pev - .
I schr. Crescent, Hawkins, Irnm Salem, t-.-un
Richmond. In Hampton !!? a.'-, French ?:
Albeit, from James River, bound :.? Havti
PHILA DKLPHIA. Sept. -.^.-Cleared,
Rupenia, Goodwin, tor Richmond,
NEW YORK, Sept. t>:{ -An ! , barijue .
hannes, (JhrisUiph, Itom Richmond.
JA.Mf S R1VI'M i'.W.W.
Richmond, Skptbmbeh*3t.
ARRIVED.*
Canal Boat John Randolph, Win.T. M ?
with 401 tons tndse , Irom Scoti6vi!:e, to R. 1
rish ano B. Shcppani.
CLE A RED,
Boat Pkffinix, William Overton, wiih I"
ni(Se , loi Columbia, Scoilsville an>t I.\ i
Boat Fiving Lucv, M. Lenahan, with It
md^e., lor Cartel-ville and Srotisvii:?\
Boat Charles M. Mi chell, D. C\ a< h ?
tons mdse., lor Howardsville an<! Lvi ?'
Boat Union, W. P. Adcock, wiih .V;
I mdse , lor Mile Stone 40 and Lvtu hbm
TO GENTLEMEN OF RICHMOND
VICINITY.
MU. J. G. WY.MAN ol ihe liciisr ?: ^ i
MAN.' ELMENDi ?R F A !>!? .
Merchant Tailors, No. 335, Broadway
York, inlorms the aenllemen ot Rubin."
vicinity that he will be at the Ex.-i.ang.
Richmond, en Monday and Tue?.ia\ --
?2'Jih September, an?l will he happv '?
such orders as they may be pleased i. !.t?
with.
Mr. w. Will call upon three whoprei.
addressing him at the Exchange ll-iei.
Sept. -5? >ilt
/ All. AM' LIC(?KI? *K?
V / 10 baskets (Mive Oil
f? cases Florence J"
2 iio Lynch ? 'o Mtitable i.>r tatV
10 Jo Licorice, branded "Lai oi.iaas
tuiine article. Receiving and lm sale bv
Sept 35 J AS. SlZER A >"N
LATIN SCHOOL i;<??KS.
ANTIIONS VIlt<iIL; Amhni.V Ciccn A
. thmi'si lloiace; Ambon's < >-ar; At.
Latin Lessons Cuopct'- Virgil; \ i'K'1 ,' ;1'
Horace Delphini: Clarke's ( icsat; At .dtev,?
Stoddar.! s Latin Orammai; Adam'* Latin!.'
mar- Bullion's Latin Grammar, Ams?.
Latin Dictionary Adam's Latin l,ess..n- !:
loria- Sacra:, Lib-i-Ptim-n. Together *
variety ot oihei Laiin
and for sale by A. (J. I'ENI Lhl
Bookseller an.i Stationer, No l?? Man. ?
Sept. *25
i\\ii si rri
4?iui HarreS*. A*'
SAM!,. SI I UK It LAM'
Offositk thk Banks, M <is Mm*
HAS received his lull stock o( v ??
England, and has litem now n-a
spt-ciion. His assortment ol double .
barrel GUNS is good, and at price- ? -1 ? ?
An enu.iteration ol hi?sto(k ?"U I- ? !
therefore, he will merely s.iy, th.< - nrv at i<
his line can be proemed a! hi* . an t ? ti
reasonable terms.
5?>-(jUNSMITIIING.?Pan '
is paid to this department, and all kit. '
ing done in ihe neatest and most dura .?
ner.
NEW BOOKS.
(At Kino's Old Stand)
Ollendorff New Method <1 i-? ?;
to Read, Write and Speak Ii.ii'at
lor the use ol schools anil famili< v
Crabbe's Synonimes; English Svii' t'?,s<"
copies, illustrations an ! exp'ar am t- -
cdiiii li ei laiped; by George (liable, M
Eclogues and Geotgics ol Viigtl w i:" ? ?
notes, Ac.; by Charles Anthon, I. L. I'
The above are entirely new work* ai.?
l.y the subset li.er, who keeps enr.? ant.)
a large assortment nl School Bo. ks it. ?
t ranch ol Mudv.
Sept. 35 ' ' HAS. F. FISHER. Ar
BI G G E R'S OFFICE, B a si men' l:
Eagle Hotel, 13th Street.
t V A prize ol a 1.000 ^old and ca?ln
J. B. BKf'l
Drawn Nos. ol Pokotnoke. Class I
?lt,1 53 (!5 57 56 W II 45 5* 30 - !
Ticket Nos. 33 41 f>5, a pri/e ol ir l*'|'
and paid by BMi'jl
Drawn Nos. o| Delaware, '
53 I h 0 rt 50 35 5fi 30 57 11 7
Hall Nos. 7 30 50, another capital, v
For This Pay, [Frtdav]-drawin-r :???
7 o'clock ?820.000, 10.601,4 ol 5.0(H) 30
?20 Ol r>00,0D ot 300/20 of 300, 300..: !???? -
78 Nos., 13 drawn. Tickets 5 dollars <
3 50;ouarleis I 3f>.
Also, the Dollar Lottery- - .! ?'> ? *
300, 165, 100, &c. ?it> N'.is., 12''.M 4t
dollar; splendid lor packages. ' .
above at 3| o'clock, P. M. If
,?tahaJc
Remember, on purchasing b> 'v : ?
tickets are now thrown irt ai; ( ,
Sept. '25 _ - '
RICHMOND CLASSICAL ANP MA 1
MATICAL IN'sTin J
RJCHARO STKRLISU, A '
s. nom>. a h .) Ass)st,nit TtnA.
F. MA R J IS, i
rilHE next session of this Insiit.t i' '? _ .
I mence on Monday, Sepieni
course of instruction whieh, for ma: ? -
been pursued to the satisfaction <: M
be continued. Though not I"1""'1' ,n .
ber, the Principal of this Institution
servicesol a competent assistant lor '"-v
five pupil-, which with his own unrein
lion enables him to lunusli eae i
aid necessary to th? successful P'"
study. For admission, apply 'u
Sept. 9?2aw6t&dCt
-I
M
ANAGKRrt' OFFICE.?D. PA 1SK a '
riiund, Vircini.i.
r-tj,ono, in.mM, * ?rs.onn. j>i of i.ooo, so ot
7^ Niw , in drawn. Tlfk?-e?
Aim, tlie Hollar Lottery?$3,000, rtc "
drawn.
lirawn So*, of Pokomoke l.?ttm. rif
33 25 62 CI 41 t/J 31 76 I 77 3 s?7 I
Drawn Nui i.f Delaware lottery, '
07 53 57 7 3U 19 Ji) 71 3i " "
Dr*wn No? of Pnknmr.kr I r-tterv.
46 53 65 57 3?i 23 41 45 5^ 20 - 1 jf.ri
Half Ticket No. 4 53 57, 8I<*': ;,t"1
Tlrket No*. 4 32 45, Botn mild and /; "f, j
Drawn Nm. of Delaware Isltny.' 1' "
43 18 9 6 50 35 56 30 ?* " "
d?pt. 35