The enquirer. [volume], July 14, 1804, Image 4

About The enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1804-1815

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AN ORATION, 1
BY JOHN HILL S MIT lit DELIVER
ED AT THE CAPITOL, IN RICHMOND,
ONTliB FOURTH JULY, 1804.
( CONCLUDED. )
Whilft, fellow citizens, we traoe our revolu
tionary progrefs and celebrate our happtnefe,
let us not forget the tribute of gratituce which
is due thofc venerable patriots, who fought tor,
and edabliflied our independence—who role
amidd the convulfions of war, and piloting us |
ftfely through the dangers of our revolution,
conduced us into the harbour of peace. Let
usiheda tcav to the memory of thofc virtuous
men who fought for the accomplishment of our
freedom. Yes, illudrious Chiefs 1 of your vir
tues “ all time fliall t>e the grateful recoul, pof
teritv the careful nurfe, and eternity the faithtul
guardian.” Your names (hall be enrolled in a
lift beyond the influence of time, or the reach
of envy’s malicious, devouring hand. 1 our
lives (hall be a “ dream of light to after-times.
Let us not, tho’, Fellow-Citizens, confine our
admiration or our gratitude to tnofc who have
(hone amidd the druggies of war, and who
bravely dood forth in the conflict with tyranny.
Let us not conftgn to the grave of oblivion tht
names of thofc peaceful fages who, when th»
tumult of war had fubfided, condrutted the ta
briC of onr political fafety.. They were the tX
IIimini nf nnrvA’.lllv ronditution,they hung wit]
paternal tendenkfs over its cradle, and afiiftr j
its infant ftruggles. The ilfue of reyohrtiOnt ’ nag
often depended on the exertions of ittuivi' luajs
Thebes rofe and fell with fcpuntafld' 3. All
cibiados feems at one time, by nw ex' raordina
ry virtues, to have raifedhis CreiWtr^ to t}ie very
fammit of profperitv, ^ Aitd at ?'.,iotlier, by his
equally extraordinary vicefc, to have reduced it
to the loweft ebb of llavcty and wretchcdnefs.
What then might not have oeen expedlcd from
that illuftrious phnlatax rjf heroes ami of patri
ote> who gave exiflfeThcr to our liberty, and nur
tured onrri Ting grcatr.efs. Might we not rati
onally have fuppoted that they would cleanfe
the Augean flubk of corruption, final! \ expel
tyranny from this fair portion of the globe, and
give to us a free and equal fyflem of govern
ment. 9
Having then, fellow citizens, viewed the ori
gin and progrefs of otir revolution, having fhewn
its fuperiority to any which the annals of the
world afford us, and paid the tribute of grati
tude to thofe exalted men who ftruggled in the
caufe of emancipation—let us now rtfledt for a
moment on the confequences of the important
change which has taken place in our condition;
confiderthe moral, political and commercial ad- I
vantages which we have derived from it, and
explore the boundlefs field which it prefents to
us in profpcift. The firft, among the advanta
ges of the American revolution, was the fpring
which it gave to the American mind. The hu
man mind,like thehody whenfubjeifted todefpo
tiEn, is cramped and fettered in its energies. It
can expand itfelf into maturity only when free
dom nurtures its growth.
“ From tyrants and from priefts the virtues fly,
“ The daughters of reafou and of liberty.”
Pope.
The termination of the American revolution
may truly be faid to be the epoch at which the j
hiftory of our country commences. The nati
on then, liberated from its former reftraint, was '
left free to purfue agriculture and the arts, and
to expatiate in the wide fields of fcience. To
ufc the expreflions of an able and eloquent wri
ter, as our mind clofed towards Great-Britain,'
it opened itfelf to the world, and our prejudi
ces and opprefiions difappeared. Science no
longer, fupprefifed by the “ vigilant and guilty
apprehenfion of dcfpotiCn,” flourilhed beneath
the genial warmth of freedom. At a ]>eriod
when the cloudsofoppreflion & of ignorance had
enveloped the national mind, the revolution
br.rft forth like a “ creation from a chaos,” 8c
thedits light over the continent of America : j
“ Slaves beheld and fprungto men,
“ Tyrant* law, and ftirunk to {hades.”
A free and unfettered commerce may be confi
dent an a fecund advantage refulting from our
revolution. Monopoly was always conlidered
an exclu five privilege of the -mother country. The
furplus wealth of the colonies flowed only into
her bofom, animated her commerce, and Simu
lated her induftry. A jurat nation pofleffingan
extenfive and fertile territory, rapidly advanc
ing in wealth, population and improvement,
might have afforded a profitable commerce to j
the different countries of Europe ; but Great
uniaiiijWit□ UI.C greeny nanuor monopoly,art w
into her own coffers all ouvfupernbimdant pro
duce. She excluded the world from all inter
coui*fe with Us, 5c limited our commerce to a mi
ferabletraffic with hci ft If*. Thus it was that Ame
rica was the fountain of her wealth, the nerve of
her ftrength, andthebafis of her power.
Sut trade is always fettered and reftridted by
charters, monopolies, and exclufive privileges
of every kind. It will fiourilh only when free
from the impofitions, and unreftrained by the
abfoid laws of commercial oppreflion. As foon
as America became independent, flic adopted
the libraland enlightened policy of throwing
open her ports to all the nations of the world,
and of unbr.rving the avenues to wealth, prospe
rity and improvement.
A thi^d advantage refulting from the Ameri
can revolution is of a political nature—a free
st r»m fWim ih; entanglement ofEuropran pwlli.^.s
—the liberty which wc received of inftituting a
form of government for the promotion of ouv
national happinefs and the fcctirity of our civil
rights. After European tyranny had received
the fiat of cxpulfion from our country—after
ve had burft the bonds of ignominious fervitude,
We were left free to cftablilh any fyflcm of go
vemment which fhmild appear be ft calculated
to guard our liberties and fecuretoour pofterity
the rights and p. iledpes of freemen. We had it
mi our power to form a code of laws on which
Humid he deeply engraven the fundamental prin
ciples of nature, the firft rights of mankind.
The day on which the reparation took place be
twixt America ami Great Britain was the birth
day of liberty. It conflituted one of the grind
ed epochs in the political hillory of the world.
On that day was rekindled on the .alters of A
merica, the flame of freedom, which had been
extinguilbed inalmoft every other region of the
world. Oi. that day was commenced the ftruc
turc of that edifice whofc “ area will be the
ample earth, w hole dome the arch >•* heaven.”
An exemption from the wars of Europe, a
difengagernent from her difputcs, and a free
dom from the political and c-nmmerci.il difor
drr of the woriJ, conftitiite a Fourth advao
f?gc which he numerous inhabitants of this
country derive from our late re volution. Si
tuated a* a difatKe fr >m al! other rations, re
mote from tuc wrangling md contention'of the
Eaftcm world, Amcr :a, as foon as file became
independent, wa t free to purfue the peaceful
occupations of agriculture and the arts, and to
reap the full barveft of her labouts. Her native
•chamber v. a: that of funplicity and mfidref*,
and, after throwing off the controul of O. Rri
tain, lhe fbcathed the fword of defence, 5c held
orth the u tight hard of frier4/1 to all the |
latioua of the earth. Undifturbedby the reft ot i
the world, (he enjoyed the fteady calm of re
pofe. She planted in her land the tree of peace
which wAS deftined, in the progrefs of focuty,
to extend its flaurilhing branches over each
neighbouring clime.
There, fellow citizen*, have Wen the advan
tages of the American revolution. The mvv
in it the freedom of commerce, tue
mechanic the improvement of the arts, ami fr
ph: l of op her afcending to the firjl prtnnbhs if
vemment, demonftrated the beauty of the Art go
can syjlenty ivhii/l he faw taking place <ncf .W<
I /ion ofmonarchy, and the reign of the av iba'tr
have been thc 'confequeneeH of the rev •>. Snch
it regards America. But have its oluliwn as
been confined within the narrow advantages
continent ? Is it deftined tn Ixfr hunts of this
of freedom only on this ?tna' *w the hkflings
elol>e ? Or rather, will it nfr ‘ portion of the
human race in its fphere, ? encircle the wnole
limits of creation f Have id extend itfelf to the
believe that the periv' we not juft realon to
nations of the earth,' ; will arrive when ail the
liberty, lhall free t> mimatcd by the prolpedt of
attain the happir jemfelvea from tyranny, and
revolution In i . w‘uch we xwf enJ°V ? °xx\
magnitude th i76 cmbracw w,lh Equatorial
ready fcilr * whole reign of humanity ” AU
’ operation ,w c,t‘7-rns, has it commenced its
1 dnlmUf • Already has an enlightened nation,
bairie dbv the fpirit of ’76, broken down the
- , »s of prejudice and of habit, and fubverted
* pr tyranny of ages. At the call of freedom,
*■ i r ance ftarted from the “dead1"' repofe of delpot
dm, like another Lazarus from the tomb, and
glowed with animated life and invigorating free*
dom.” The prefent unhappy condition of that
country, tho' it may draw forth a tear of com
panion from the benevolent eye, will not »vimp
the enthufiafm of hope. A nation which has
cnce enjoyed even the femblanee of freedom,
will not long fubtuit to Da very. The prefent
government of France mult neceflarily be fhort
lived. Some violent act of opprcllion will in
flame popular jealoufy, will excite t^iat fullen
difeontent and ruufe that filent indignatioh
which the infolencc of Confular opprefiion has
[ failed to extinguifli among the people.
But I cannot cait my eye' towards Great Bri
tain without momentary emotions of melancho
ly. When I reflect on the condition of that
country', T breathe a pitying figh at the builhens
of the nation. For many centuries probably,
will Great Britain be ruled by the iron rod of
1 opprefiion. An ignorant and barbarous mo
narch, t hr eurfe of his country and thefcourge of
the world, has there fixed his empire. When
the banners of freedom lhall be erected in other
parts of the world, the ifland of Great Britain
win probably atlord an “ arlenal to delpotiim,
whence fhe may borrow her thunders and her
chains.” But let us turn, fellow-citizens, from
this difeoumging fpedtacle to the contemplation
of the happy deftiny of our country, and the
civilized world. Let us draw afide the
veil which conceals our profpeifts, and
venture to predict etentsthat are yet enve
loped in the darknefs of futurity. I.et us trace
the fteps by which we are to advance to the
fummit of natioual greatnefs.
If from the prefent iituation cf America we
may venture to predi<H its future condition, what
may we not expeeft will be its happy lot. What
a bright feene of political grandeur will our
country' afford us ? When we contemplate the
future progrefs of America, a number of objects
croud themfelves on the imagination, “ a wide
field of vegetative good, burfts on our view, we
fee a thoufand bleffuigs budding into exiftence.”
Free from the control! ! of tyranny, from the
gloom of fuperftition and the narrownefs of bi
gotry, the human mind ftiall expand itfelf in this
quarter of the world, and pufli forward the boun
daries of feienee.-Religion, no longer the de
ftroyer of focial and political harmony, ftiall here
put off the garb of authority, and lay afide the
feeptre of power. She fball affume her native
character of mildnefs and beuificence, and no
longer employing the weapons of perfecution
and oppreflion, fhe fball a<ft by the inftrurr.ents
of rea/bn and perfuafion. The profely ting fury
and the intrigues of priefts ftiall not here mil
lead or pervert the minds of men, but mild
wifdom and enlightened benevolence, ftiall con
tribute to the advancement of knowledge. The
feienee of government will be Amplified in Ame
rica, and our laws, originating in “ public rea
fon, keeping pace with public improvement and
terminating in public happinefs,” will be the
guarantee of our political liberty. Founded on
the extended bafis of popular election, on the
“ broad platform of general good,” our govern
ment * ill be the perennial fource of happinefs to
our c ountry. It will afford a hofpitableroof to
/banters, and hold out an afylumtothe oppref
fed of the world. Enjoying a freedom from all
political ana commercial oppremon, Amcnca
will advance rnp'dly in wealth and power. The
labourer,protected in his occupation, will enjoy
in our free country the fwee «. of hisinduftry and
the rewards of his toil. The fcanty pittance of
the indigent farmer will not be wrefted from him
to pamper the riot of extravagance or feed the
idle retinue of foiiy and of vice. The deftroy
inghand of rapacity and extortion fhall not here
devour induftry in the bud, or palfy the efforts
of the poor. Thus circumftanced and enjoying
thefe advantages may we not cxpeCt that the
arts which conflitute the bale of national opu
lence, will here reach their meridian height,and
the towering grandeur of America, excite the af
tonifhment and admiration of the world. The
feitnee, the wealth and the population of Eu
rope, will flow into America, and flie will be
come the centre of civilization. I may juRly
frty with tin- celebrated wir. Hayne, that “ whilft
proud antiquity like a fkeleton in rags patrols
the ftreets of other nations, their genius as if fick
ened and difgufted with the phantom will come
hither for recovery.”
But America is notdeftined to advance alone
in the career of happinefs. The period may yet
arrive when all the nation* of the univerfe fhall
claim liberty as their birthright, anil laying afidc
the badges of flavery, fhall meet each other in
the Ample but auguft character of freedom, and
communicate on terms of equality. \Vc may
Rill look forward with fanguine expectation to a
time when fadtion and difeord fhall ceafe to agi
tate focieties, when war fhall ceafe to dry up po
pulation, and “generous commerce bind the
round of nations in a golden chain.” What A
merican bofom does not glow with the ardor of
benevolence in contemplating the fairs of im
portant events, which are to follow in the train
of American freedom.
Fellow Citizen?—What an exalted Ration do
we now hoid in the political world ? What a
proud, what a commanding eminence dot * Ame
rica occuny nmongft nations f Forcmofk in the
cnifc of freedom Jhe has to decide the all-impor
tant quefti >n on which hanpimfs and the hopes
of man now hang in fufpenfe. S/m muR raife
the drooping fpirit of freedom, prop the declin
ing grandeur of date,and elevate oppreffed hu
manity. She muR fend abroad into the world,
the dilcfplc* of truth and the votaries of freedom
who arc to inculcate the principles of reform.
America ! Awful is the feenc before you.
You are a young nationjuR (Uping on the R.<ge
of political life, and the eye* of the univerfe are
upon you. Vaufc before you rdvance on the
theatre of the world, ard rr nc& that yon hove at
your d;fpofM trt happinefr, not only of this in
conGderable f
..'hole ft'.uAi’ ilion of the globe, bill of the
born. . race and of generations ret un
LegilV ’ .
Jhe v/or' irs of America ! Your country and
^ “b b' .1 look up to you for political falvation.
Oepe vc been called on by a fovcreign and in
.dent people to keep alive the fprit which
. ined and invigorated them in the hour of
anger, and *..hich urged them on to the attain
mem or rreeuom. i.et tmstpim animate your
efforts, and pervade ycuv whole fyftem of laws.
You have been rendered the protestors of our
rights and the guardians of our indepen
dence as a nation. I.et it be your duty
to preferve uninjured our conftitution and our
laws,and to guard the portal to the temple of
freedom. Let not the ruffian hand of tyranny
touch the ark of our political lafety. Let not
the “foul finger of dilgrace” caft a blot on qur
political character.—But let the mild code of
America be held up to the world as the belt
ground-work of liherty—as a model for univer
sal imitation. Let this be your lublime talk, let
thel'e be the objeiftsof all your political labours,
and “ Oh ! -f- with what glory will the world,
“ that reveres fo many apoftlts of error, honor
“ the fn ft a/Tetnbly of enlightened and reafonn
“ hie men, who have declared the immutable
“ principles of juftice to mankind, and confe
“ crated in the face of Tyrants, the Rights of
** Nations.”
% Price on Civil Liberty. J- Volney's Ruins.
- ^ ‘ *«■*- --
b r autho Rirr.
[LAW OF TIIE UNITED STATES.}
AN ACT
8reeling Loutfar.A into tvuo territories, and pro
viding for the temporary government thereof.
it molded by the S-nate and Houfe of Rr
prejentatives of the United States of Ameri
ca, in Congrefs a fern bled. That all that porti
on of country ceded by France to the United State), un
der the name of Louisiana, which lies fouth of the Mif
fiftippi territory, and of an eaft and weft line to com
mence on the Miftiftippi river, at die thirty third de
gree of north latitude, and to extend weft to the wed
ei n boundary of the faid ceftion, lhall conftitute a ter
ritory of the United States, under the name of the ter
ritory of Orleans; the government whereof lhall be
organifed and adminiftcred as follows ;
Sec. 2. The executive power lhall be vefted in a
governor, who lhall refide hi the faid territory, and
hold his office during the term of three years, unlefs
iconer removed by the Prefident of the United States.
He (hall be commander in chief of the tnilitia of the
faid territory ; (hall have power to grant pardons for
offences againll the faid territory, ar.d reprieves for
thofe ajoiinft the United States, until the decifion of the
Prefident ol" the United States thereon lhall be made
known ; and to appoint and commiflion all officers, ci
vil, and of the militia, whofe appointments are not
herein otherwife provided for, and which lhall be eftab
lilhtd by law. He lhall take care that the laws be
faithfully executed.
Sec. 3. A fecrotary of the territory lhall alfo be ap
pointed, who lhall hold his office during the term of
four years, unlefsfooner removed by the Prefident of
the United States, whofe duty it lhall he, under the di
rection of the governor, to record and prefervo all tin
papers and proceedings of the executive, and all the
ads of the governor and legiflative council, and
tranfmit authentic copies of the proceedings of the go
vernor, in his executive department, every fix months,
to the Prefident of the United States. In cafe of the
vacancy of the office of governor, the government of
the faid territory lhall devolve on th. 'V'^-etar--.
Sec. 4. The kgifla-ive powers lhall he cited in the
governor, and in thirteen of the molt fit and d.Tercet
perfons of the territory, to be called the legifl rive
council, who (hall be appointed annually by the Pitti
dent of the United State*, from among thofe holding
real eilate therein, and who lhall ha ve redded one year,
at lead, in the .aid territory, and hold no offi. a of pro-'
fit under the territory, or the United Str.'es. The go
vernor, by A.td with advice and coufent of the faid ie
gifi.itive council, or of a majority of them, lhall have
power to alter, modify, or repeal the laws which may
be in force at the commencement of this p.fl. Ti-eir le
giflative powers lhall alfo extend to all the rightful fub
jedts of leg illation ; but no law fliali be valid, which is
inconfiilent with the conftirution and laws of the Unit
ed States, or which lhall lay any perfor. under reftraint,
burthen, or difability, on account of his religious opi
nicfii.«, profeflions or worlhip ; in all which he lhall be
free to maintain his own, and nol burthened for thofe
of another. The governor lh- >1 publilh throughout
the fa id territory, all the laws which lhall he made ai-d
lhall, from time to time report the fame to the Prefi
dent of the United States, to be laid before Congrefs_
which if di(approved of by Congrefs, lhall thenceforth
be of no force. The governor, or legiflativa council,
lhall have no power over the primary difpofal of the
foil, nor to tax the lands of the United States, nor to in
terfere with the claims to land within the laid territory.
The governor lhall convene and prorougue the legifla
tive council, whenever he may deetn it expedient. It
lhall be his duty to obtain all theinformatio - i;i his pow
er, in relation to the tullom-, habits, and difpofitions of
the inhabitants of the faid territory, and communicate
the fame,from time to time, to tiie Perfident of the
united mates.
Sec. 5. The judicial power fhall be verted in a fupe
rior court, and in fuch inferior courts, and juftices of
the peace, as the legi/lature of the territory may, from
time to time, eftahlifh. The judges of the fuperior
court, and the juftices of the peace, fhall hold their offi
ces for the term of four years. The fnperior court fhall
confilt of three judges, any one of whom fhall conftitut*
a court, they Audi have jurifdi Ainu in all criminal cafes,
and excluftve jurifdiflion in all thofe which are capital
—and original and appellate jurifdiAion in all civil ca
fes, of the value of one hundred dollars. Its ftffions
fhall commence on the firft Monday of every month, &
I continue till all the hufinpf. depending hcf.rc iiimv
fhall be difpofed of. They fhall appoint their own
[clerk. In all criminal profecutiona which are capital,
! the trial fnaH'be by a jury of twelve good and lawful
men of the vicenage ; and in all cafes, criminal and ci
vil, in the fuperior court, the trial fhall be by a jury, if
either of the parties require it. The inhabit mis of the
/aid territory fhall be entitled to the benefits of the writ
of habeas corpus ; they fhall he bailable, Unlefs for ca
[ pital offences, where ihe proof fhall be evident, or the
prefumpt ion great; and no cruel and uuufual punifh
ments ftiall be inflicted.
Sec. 0. The governor, fecretary, judges, diftriA at
torney, marfhal, and all general officers of the militia,
fhall be appointed by the Prefidemof the United States,
in the recefs of the Senate, hut fhall he nominated at
their next meeting for their advice and conlent. T he
governor, fecrrtnry, judges, members of the Icgiflativc
[ council, juftices of the peace, all other officers, civil, and
of the militia, before they enter upon the duties of
their refpeAive offices, Ihali take an oath or affirmation,
tofupport the coaftiturion of the United States, and for
the faithful difeharge of the duties of their office ; the
governor, before the Prefident of tha United States, or
before a judge of the fupreme or diftriA court of the Ti
nned States, or before fuch other perfon as thv Prcfi
dent of the United States ftiall anthnrife to adminifter
the fame ; the freretary, judges, and members of the
lcgiflative council, before the governor; and all other
officers, before fuch perfon* as the governor (h ill direA.
The governor fhall receive an annual fal.iry of five
thoufand dollars; the fecretary.of two thoufaud dol
lars; and the judges, of two thoufuid dollars each; to
he paid quarter yearly out of the revenues of import and
tonnege, accruing within the fuid territory. The
members of the legiftative cotmj! ftnll receive four
dollars each per day, during their attendance in coun
cil.
Stc. 7. And he it furtfrer enabled, That the
following aAs, that is to fay.
An a A for the puntihrn cut of certain crimes again ft
the United States.
Au ad, in addition to an nd, for the punifhtrent of ‘
certain crime* again A the United State*.
An ad to prevent citizen* of the United State* from
privateering sgainA nations in amity with, or agoinft
citizen*of the United States.
An ad for the punilhmeut of certain crime* therein
fpccified. •
An ad rcfpeding fugitives from juAice, and perfons
el'capiiig iroin fervice of ihe»r mailers.
An ad to prohibit the carrying on the flave trade
from the United States to any foreign place or coun
try.
An ad to prevent the importation of certain perfons
into certain ftutes, where by the laws thereof, their ad
miflion is prohibited.
An ad to eAublilh the poft-oAice of the United J
States.
An ad further to alter and cA iblilh certain poA i
road*, and for the more fecurc carriage of the mail of,
the United States.
An ad for the more general promulgation of the
law’s of the United St;»»es.
An ad. in addition to an ad, entitled, an ad for the '
more general promulgation of the laws of the- United
States.
An ad to promote the pi ogrefs or ufaful arts, and to j
repeal the ad heretofore made for that purpofe.
An ad to extend the privilege of obtaining patents
for ufcful difeoverie* and inventions to certain perfons
therein mentioned, and to enlarge and define the pe- '
nalttcsfor violating the rights of patentees.
An ad for the encouragement of learning, by fccur
ingthe copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors
and proprietors of fitch copies, during the time therein
mentioned.
An ad, fupplementary to an ad, entitled, an ad
for the encouragement learning, by fecuringthe co
pies of maps, chaj is, and books, to the author* and pro
prietors of fuel] ccjii *. during the times therein menti
oned, and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of)
deflgning, engraving, and etching IriAorical and other
prints.
An ad providing for faivnge in cafes of recapture.
An ad ref] cefing alien enemies.
An ad to preferibe the mode in which the public
adv recor.'s, and judicial proceedings in each llate
♦h *1* be authenticated, fo as to take effect in every other
A ate.
An ad for eftiblifhing trading houfes with the Indi
an tribes.
An ad for continuing in force a law, entitled, an ad
for c'tablilhing trading houfes with the Indian tribes
And ,
r\n act making provmon relative to rations for Indi
ans, and to their vmts to the feat of government, fhall
extend to, and have full force and effect in the above
mentioned territories.
Sec. 8. There fliall be efl.iblifhed in the faid territo
ry a diftridt court, to confift of one judge, who fliall re
fute therein, and be called the diftrnft judge, and who
fliall hold, in the city of Orleans, four feflions annually
—the firft to commence on the third Monday in Octo
ber next, and the three other feflions, progrelfively, on
the third Monday of every third calendar month
thereafter. He fliall in all tilings have and exercife the
fame jurifdidtion and powers, which are by law given
to, or may be exercifed by the judge of Kentucky
diftridt; and fhall be allowed an annual compenfation
of two thoufand dollars, to be paid quarter yearly on
of the revenues of i.npoft and tonnage accruing within
the faid territory. He fhall appoint a clerk for the faid
diftridt, who fliall relide, and keep the records of the
court, in the city of Orleans, and fhall receive for the
fervices performed by him, the fame fees to which the
clerk of Kentucky diftridt is entitled for fimilar fervi
ces.
I here fliall be appointed in the faid diflridt, a oerfon
learned in the law, to adt as attorney for the United
States, who (hall, in addition to his flared fees, be paid
fix hundred dollars, annually, as a full compenfation for
all extra fervices. There fliall alfo be appointed a tnar
fii i1 for the faid diftridt, who fhall perform the fame
duties, be fuhiedl to the fame regulations and penalties,
' id be emitted to the fame fees to which ’’iilrmais in o
ther d'dridls are entitled for fimilar fervicci ; and fliall
moreover be pui J two hundred dollars, annually, as a
compenfation for all extra fervices.
Sec. f). All fVet male white perfons, who are houfe
keepers and who fhall have refided one year, at leaft,
in the faid territory, fhall be qualified to lervs asgrund
or petit jurors, in the courts of the faid territory; and
they fhall, until the legiflature thereof fhall othc-rwife
diredt, be feledted in fuch manner as the judges of the
faid courts refpedtively fhall preferibe, fo as to be nioft
conducive to an impartial trial,and to lie leaft burtben
fonie to the inhabitants of the faid territory.
Sec. 10. It fhall not be lawful for any perfen or per
fons to import or bring into the faid territory, from any
port or place without the limits of the United States,
or eaufe or procure to be fo imported or brought, or
knowingly to aid or aflifl in fo importing or bringing
any flave or fl.ivei. And every perfon fo offending, &
being thereof convidted before any court within faid
territory, having competent jurifdidtion.Jhall forfeit &
pay for each and every flave fo imported or brought,
th>-luni of three hundred dollars; one moiety for the
ufe of the United States, and the other moiety for the
ufe of the perfon or perfons, who fhall fue for the fame ;
and every flave fo imported or brought, fhall thereup
on become entitled to, and receive his or her freedom.
It fhall not be lawful for any perfon or perfons to im
port or bring into the faid territory, from any port or
place within the limits of the United States, or to
eaufe or procure to be fo imported orbrought.or know
ingly to aid or aflift in fo importing or bringing any
flave or flitves, which fliall have been imported fince
the firft day of May, one thoufand feven hundred and
ninety-eight, into any port or place within the limits of
the United States, or which may hereafter be fo ir.i
r-— -_1 _ . .. • , ,
United States; and every perfon fo offending, and be
ing thereof convided before any court within faid ter
ritory, having competent jurifditStion, fhall forfeit and
pay for each and every flave fo imported or brought the
fum ofthrep hundred dollars, one moiety for the ufe of
the United States, and the other moiety for the ufe of
rheptrfon orperfensv/ho fhall fue for the fame; and
no flave or flaves fhall direiftly or indirectly he intro
duced into faid territory, except by a citizen of the U
nited States, removing into faid territory for actual fet
tlement, and being at the time of fuch removal bona
fide owner of fuch flave or flaxes; mid every flave im
ported or brought into the faid territory, contrary to
the provifions of this aCt, fhall thereupon be entitled to,
and receive his or her freedom.
Sec. 11. The laws in force in the faid territory, at
the commencement of this aCt, and not inconfiflent
with the prnvifions thereof, fhall continue in force, until
altered, mollified,or repealed by the legiflature.
Sec. 12. Therefidueof the province of J.ouifiana,
ceded to the United States, fhall be railed the DiilriCt
of f/oniliana, the government whereof fhall be orga
nized and atlminiftered as follows ;
I hr cxe'utivc power now veiled in the governor
of the Indiana territory, fhall extend to, and be exerci
fed in the faid dillriCl of Louifiana. 'flu: governor and
judges of the Indiana territory fhall have power toef
tabliihjin the faid DiflriCl of i.ouifi ana, inferior courts,
atul preferibethe juriltlidion and duties, and to make
all laws which they ay deem conducive to the good
government of the iMiahitaies thereof : Provided how
ever, Thai no law lhall he valid wh.ch is incor.lillent
with the conffitutioij of the United States, or which
fhall lay any perfon und r reftraiut or difability on a. -
ronnt of his religious opinions, profeflion, or worfhip ;
in all of which he fhall he free to maintain his own, &
not hurthened for thofe of another: And provided alfo,
That in all criminal protections, the trial fhall be by a
jury of twelve good and lawful men of the vicinage,
and in all civil cafes of the value of one hundred dollars
the trial fhall he by jury, if either of the parties require
it. The judges of the Indiana territory, or any two of
them, fhall hold annually two courts within the faid
diflri«5l,at fuch place as will he mod convenient to the
inhabitants thereof in general, and fhall pofTcfs the fame
jurifdidion they now poflrfs in the Indiana terrlsory,
and fhall continue in lellion until all the hufmefs de
pending before them fhall he difpofed of. It fhall he
tin- duty of the fecretary of the Indiana territory to re
cord and preserve all the paperaand proceedings of the
governor, of an executive nature, relative tothrdiflridl
of f .ouifiana, and tranfmit authentic copies three of eve
ry fix months to tin i’refident of the United States.
rhe governor ftrJI puMIlh fhrooghovt the faid dXr.A
•11 the law* which may be irtadc as a for* fit id at «J Pt.11
torn time to titv.e, report the fume to tL* P.ifiovr t cf
-he United States, fo be hrid before Cot grt't, which,
it d:faj proved cl by Con*>rcli, fhall thft.eeforth ceodi,
Util be of t;o e/Tc<51.
The faid diflridl of I.ouiCnn. fl ..If be divided i* to
iiJlr:£* by the governor, Undo the dirndl cn cf ti u
Prefideat, as the convenience of the fctUft&eiiuicr it
require, luhjetft to fuch alter. ;ior:s her*. Pe;, *, experi
ence may prove more convenient. The ini.alitantk of
each diftritS,between the ages of ciyluc-ett taxi hxr/
live, lhall be formed intca militia, with •'!*•*«■ offices,
iccordingto their numbers, to be appointed by me •
vernor, except the commanding officer, w l o lb. I, lie
ippointed by the Prefidet.t, and who, v ho.her a cap
tain, a major,or a colonel, fhall be the commanding of
ficer of the dillricl, and :;t> fuch, (hull, under the gc\er«>
nor, have command of the regular officers r.tid tn oj* u
tns diitri&, as we.I as <>t ihe militia, for w hichhe n:«U
have a brevet commifTion, giving him fuch command,
and the pay ar.d cn.oiuiuentb of un oRicir of the fan e
grade in the reguiur army ; he (hall be fpec’ully charg
ed with die employment of the military and militia of
r.is diftridl, in coles of fudden mv.it’on or infurrrcliou,
and until the orders of the governor can be received,
and at all rimes with the duty of orderliiga nnlitarvjv.
trole, sided by militia if ueceflary, to a ire ft unaothot cf
ed l'ettlen in any partofhis diftiidt,:u:d to commit fuch
oileodeisto jail to be dealt with according-.o bvw.
Sec. IS. The laws in force in the Ibid’ dilhuft c»
lmuifis:ut,at the ctimmencement of this adf, and not
inconfiftent with any of the proviftoos thereof, fhall
continue in force until altered, modified or repealed by
the governor and judges of the Indiana territory, or a
forefaid.
Sex. 14. And be it furtherevaTied^ That all
grants, for land* within the terrborie* ceded by ti.e
french Republic to the United States, hy the treaty cf
tile thirtieth of April, in. the year one thoaiind Sight
hundred and three, H.e title whereofwe#, at the dateeF
the treaty of St. liuefonio.in the crown, govimnent cr
nation of Spain, and every aft and proceeding lublc
quent thereto, of whatibever nature, towards the ob
taining any grant, title or claim to fuch lands, and un
der whntfoever authority tranfa&cd, or preterded, hr,
and the fame sre hereby declared to lit, and to hav«
been from begint.ing, null, void, and of flo effect in
law or equity : Provided neverthedeis,That any thirg
in this feel ion contained,ihallnct be 'Or.llrued to make
null and void any bon* fide grant made agreeably to
the law*, ufagei and cufionts of the Spauilh gcr.cr..
n.ent to an actual fetllor on the Ik; ds fo trranted far
himlclF, and for Ins wife and family ; orio make null »v.
void any bona fuie ad or proceeding done by an ad joJ
fettler, to obtain a grant for lands tcluaHyicttladon bj
the perfon or perfoni claiming title thereto, if foe!, let
tlement in eahercafe was adually made prfijt to the
twentieth day of December, one thoufaticteight hun
dred and three: And provided further, 't hat fuch
grant ihall not fecure to the grantee or his alfigns more
than one mile fquare of land together with Inch other
ar.d further quantity as Heretofore hath been allowed
for die wife ar.d family of fuch adual fettler, agreeably
to the laws, ufages and cuftom* of the Spaniih gout ti
nt eut; and that if any citizen of the United Stat««.
or other perfon, ihall make a fcttleinent on any lan._r
belonging to the United States, within tiie limits of
Louifuma, or (hull furvey,or attempt to furvey, fuch
lands, or to defignate boundaries by marking tree*, or
otherwife, fuch offender Ihall, on convidion thereof,
in any court of record of the United States, or the ter
ritories of the United States, forfeit a fum not exceed
ing one thoufand dollars, and luffer imprifonment net
exceeding twelve months ; and it Ihall, moreover, 1*
lawful for the Prefident of the United State* to employ
fuch military forceas he may judge neceflary to remove
from lands belonging to the United States any fuch
citizen or other perfon who Ihall attempt a fetdement
thcieon.
Sec. 15. The Prefident of the United States is here
by audiorifed to llipulate with any Indian tribe*, own
ing lands on the euft fide cf the Midi flippi, and refidinr
;hereon,for an exchange ot lands, the property of the
United Stares, on the weft fide of the Milfiflippi, in
cafe the Paid tribes Ihall remove and fettle thereon ; but
in fuch ftipulation, the faid tribes Ihall acknowledge
themfelves to be under the protedion of the Unit-d
States, and Ihall agree that they will not hold any trea
ty with any foreign power, individual (late, erwitb dm
individuals of any (late or power ; and that they will
not fell or dilpofc of the faid lands, or any part thereof,
co any fovereign power, except the United States, nor
to the fubjeds or citizens of any other fovereign power,
nor to the citizens of the United States. And is order to
maintain peace and tranquility with the Indian tribe*
who refide within the limits of Louifi.ma, as ceded by
France to the United St2te», tbead of Congrefs, paff.
ed on the thirtieth day of March, one thoufand eiglit
hundred and two, entitled, “ An ad to regulate trade
and intercourle with the Indian tribes, and to prefarve
peace on the frontiers,” is hereby-extended to the terri
tories eredod and eftahlifhed by this ad ; and the fum
of fifteen thoufand dollars of any money in thetreaiu
ry not othervvifeappropriated by law, is hereby appro
priated to enable the Prefident of the United States to
to efied the obied exprefled m this fedion.
Sec. 16. The ad palled o:i the thirty firft day of Oc
tober, one thoufand eight hundred and dinec, entitled,
“ An ad to enable the Prefident of the United States,
to take poflelfioo of the territories ceded by France to
the United States, by the treaty concluded at Pari*,on
the 30th day of April laft, and for the temporary go
vernment thereof,” (hall continue in force until theiu-ft
day of Odoher next, any thing therein to the contrary
notwithftanding ; on which laid firft day of Odober,
this ad (hall commence, and have full force, and faall
continue in force for and during the term of one year,
and to the end ofthe next feflion of congrel* wbichinay
ltappen thereafter.
NATHl. MACON,
Speaker of the Houfe of Reprefcntativee
JESSE FRANKLIN,
Prefident of the Senate p ro tempore.
March 26th, isoi.
Approved,
TII; JEFFERSON.
CAROLINE SPRINGS.
r I NIE subscriber hit ends to open
tr TAHERN at the Caroline Springs, cn
fhtfr/t day of June next } and hopes, from
the ptenfant and healthyfiliation, exclufve of
the Medicinal qualities of the waters, that :t
wilt he a place of general refort.
The Springs are ft rated about 56 mites from
Richmond, 18 from Port-Royal, \‘J from the
Bowling-Green, and 1 from Fredericksburg.—
The ro ids leading to them are remarkably good...
they are furrourdrd by an agreeable and rfperl
able neighbourhood.—There are out-hovfes for
the accommodation of thofe who wifi to live J'e
parnte from the Tavern.
Thefubftriber fattens herfelf, that thefe in
ducements will not only operate on invalids,
who, in the Jickly fa fen, attend the Springs
for lhe fake of having lheir health refored, hi
will alfo be felt by thofe whofe only obieB is the
enjoyment of company, as it may he faftly fetid the
facirty will be equal to any in the country.
No exertion will be wanting to make cn 'ry
thing perfectly agreeable.
ANN GATE HOOD.
Frederickjlurg, May 19. SIHJy.
NEAL NELSON, . V
BOOT If SHOE MANUFACTURER, :'S
MAIW-STREET, RICHMOKO,
MAKES BOOTS and SHOES to any Patters
or Fafhion, equal in point of Material* aid
WorKMANsuir to any in general ufe.
Vp Imported BOOTS and SHOES, of the fill
quality and newefl fafhion, for f*ie.
June SO. (fp^m)
An Apprentice to*he Printing l.u
sinesb wa.i ed at lira Ofitce.