The Wahpeton times. [volume], January 10, 1907, Image 6

About The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919

Image provided by: State Historical Society of North Dakota

                
orchard is young. By converting per
manent. squares Into temporary quin
cunxes (aotetheaaoompanyingplan),
we secure an' Meal' plan liar double
planting. Thus, by planting our tiller
at the Interaectkto of the diagonals
of a 40-foot square, we get five trees
in the square with the central tree
standing about 28 feet from the per
manent ones. This Is an almost ideal
distance for apple trees for the first
ten or IS years of their bearing stage.
THE PROPER ARRANGEMENT
OF ORCHARD TREES
A Discussion of the Three Systems of plantings by Prof.
Harvey I« Price* Horticulturist. Virginia Station.
The owner who plants aij. orchard
is confronted in the outset by the im
portant question of planting plans—
that IB, arrangement' and'distance of
trees. Many specific plans for plant
ing trees tare been described from
time to time, those plans falling
under the systems known as square,
quincunx and septuple «r triangular
planting are the most popular.
Purely square planting does not
favor the use of fillers or double plant
ing, inasmuch as the cutting of per
manent distances In half will leave
the -trees too close together for good
results. This is true even where the
filler trees are removed early in the
life of the orchard. Double planting
is desirable because it enables us to
nake fuH use of the land while the
The Three Systems of Planting.
This system of planting is not con
fined to the apple, however, but may
be employed with other fruit's as well.
The practice of mixing different kinds
of fruit trees in the s&me block is
never advisable the filler should al
ways be of the same kind of fruit as
the permanent trees it is usually a
llfferent and quicker bearing variety.
In septuple planting, the trees, form
equilateral triangles. The chiet claim
made for this method is that the trees
are' more evenly distributed than by
any other—every tree being eqiU-dis
tant from the adjacent members of its
PRUNING FOR FRUTT
By-Prof. S. P. Sandsten.
As a rule, heavy wood growth is
not conducive to fruitfulness, while
slow wood growth encourages fruit
production. Light summer pruning is
employed to check the wood growth
and induce the formation of fruit
buds. In order that summer pruning
may be effective, It Should bfe done
from the 15th of June to the 15th of
July In our climate tWiscpnsink The
young shoots will have grown t6 the
'length of eight to 12 inches and should
be pinched back two to four inches.
Kow and then a leading shoot should
be left to grow.
The buds below the pinched portion
will, as a rule, begin to swell and
develop into fruit buds. Should the
secondary leaf buds start after pinch
ing back, the operation should be re
peated. No heavy pruning of apples,
pears, cherries and plum trees should
be done during the summer. The re
sult will generally prove serious, since
by the removal of the leaves, the tree
to unable to elaborate food to supply
group. Moreover, the trees in one row
alternate with those of the next, which
Is an advantage in especially windy
locations. Although this system does
not lend itself readily to double plant
ing, yet it does not prohibit it. Fig. 2
illustrates the different methods of
using fillers in connection with per
manent triangles. By introducing
fillers in different ways, quite a vari
ety of distances may be secured. This
also meets the condition of the home
orchard, inasmuch as we may approxi
mate the ideal distances for the dif
ferent kinds of fruit grown without
modifying the general planting plan
For example, if apple trees are plant
ed in permanent angles, 40 feet apart,
then, by planting an additional -tret
in the center of each triangle, wr
Method of Reducing Triangles.
&
\5
create a system of smaller triangles
with trees standing approximately 23
feet apart, which is a very good dis
tance for standard' pears and sweet
cherries.
For plums, peaches and sour cher
ries, an additional tree piay be plant
ed between the corner 40-foot trees,
thus converting the plan into tri
angles, with trees standing only 20
feet'apart or trees may be set in the
center of the 23-foot triangles, giving
a distance of approximately 13 feet be*
tween the trees. The 20-foot triangles
reduce in the same manner to approxi
mately 11 feet. Thus, almost any dis*
tance can be secured through the vari
ous methods of reducing the triangle.
Where square planting is adopted,
standard apples should be planted
from 35 to 40 feet apart dwarf ap
ples on Doucin stocks, ten to 15 feet
apart pears and cherries, 20 to 25
feet apart peaches and plums, 15 tc
20 feet apart. Some variation Is al*
lowed for differences of variety and
condition of soil.
the root By stem and-the development
of the new shoots.
On the other hand, the root system
continues to supply more water and
mineral matter than the leaves can
make use of, and bad results follow.
To be on the safe side we should con
fine the summer pruning to the pinch
ing back process and the rubbing off
of water sprouts.
Winter Fuel.—If the winter fuel hat
not already been put under cover, it
should bo done at once. Of course,
wood should become thoroughly sea
soned before being stored away, but
this work should not be delayed too
long or the weather will injure thf
quality of the fuel. Have your wood
cut in the proper lengths for either
stove or furnace use, and store It
where It can be readily obtained when
needed.
A Plan That Failed.—Some few
years ago a few entomologists were
quite hopeful that Insects like grass
hoppers and chinch-bugs might be
killed et wholesale by scattering the
germs of a disease among them. The
plan seems to have been a failure
says' Rural New-Yorker.
NEW MOVE BY PRESIDENT.
Chief Executive In Personal Charge
of Legislation He Desires.
President Roosevelt in his efforts
to secure legislation which he thinks
is necessary to the welfare of the
country has introduced at Washington
a new custom, which is very offensive
to the senate and to many members
of the house, by taking personal
charge of legislative measures and ex
ercising his powerful Influence to se
cure their consideration and adoption.
Without considering the propriety of
the executive Interference in legisla
tive affairs, which always has been
and always will be done, it would be
a great deal better to legalize it In this
country on the English plan, says the
Washington Star. Over there the gov
ernment submits certain bills which it
considers necessary to become laws
and on a certain day in the session
the leader of the house, who Is usu
ally the prime minister, moves the
postponement of all other measures
so that they can receive undivided at
tention. It would be a great deal bet
ter if the president of, the United
States, through the chairman of the
committee on ways and means in the
house and the chairman of the com
mittee on appropriations in the senate,
should give the Indorsement of the
administration formally and officially
to such measures as he thinks are
necessary to the public welfare and
let the leaders of the majority in
both houses move the indefinite post
ponement St everything else, as Is
done in England. That would accom
plish directly and personally what the
president now attempts to do indirect
ly and unofficially and he would not
be accused of bulldozing and bribery
by patronage to secure the passage
of his pet measures.
CARES LITTLE FOR SOCIETY.
Mrs. George Bruce Cortelyou Emphat
ically a Home Lover.
When George Bruce Cortelyou be
comes secretary of the treasury his
wife becomes in Washington parlance
"the second lady of the cabinet." Mrs.
Cortelyou is a woman of domestic
tastes. She is devoted to home and
to church life. She is active in all
the works connected with St. Marga
ret's Protestant Episcopal church and
was one of the. leading figures in a
bazaar given by the women of the Rec
tor's Aid society for the benefit of a
special parish fund.
Mrs. Cortelyou Is the daughter of thi
president of the Hempstead (L. I.)
institute, of which school her husband
is a graduate. She never has cared
particularly for the glamor of society,
but in obedience to the dictates of the
duties which her husband's position
Imposes, she recently has undertaken
social responsibilities in connection
vlth her other occupations.
As the wife of the secretary of tht
treasury more duties as a hostess will
be incumbent upon her and she will'
bear them well, for she is a woman
of grace and charm and, what is more,
intellectuality. Mr. and Mrs. Cortel
you have four children, and as Mrs.
Cortelyou has the older American idea
that the mother should be all in all,
the reason for former reluctance to en
ter Into all Washington gayely may be
understood readily.
Aspirant's Hopes Dashed.
President Roosevelt in his Impul
sive way sent for a well-known young
writer and asked abruptly: "Do you
know Spanish?" "No, Mr. President, I
do not, I very much regret to say," was
the reply. "I am
Borry
to hear it," com­
mented the chief magistrate, and
the subject was dropped. The young
man went away deeply impressed
with the idea that had he known
Spanish he might have been appoint
ed to a high office In the diplomatic
corps, so he set to work assiduously,
dropping everything else! and soon
acquired a proficiency In that lan
guage. The other day he called at
the White House and was cordially
welcomed. In the course of conversa
tion he said: "By the way, Mr. Pres
ident, I know Spanish well I both
talk and read it with ease." "Oh, you
don't say so!" was the president's
reply "then you ought to be one of
the happiest men in the world you
can read 'Don Quixote* lq the orig
inal."
"Hither" and "Thither."
"It does not seem to be generally
known," remarked a department offl
ial. "that the dignified department of
tate has made a change in the form
if official correspondence somewhat'-'in
the line of the simplified system of
Duelling.
"The particular change I have no
:iced is in the adoption of the good
old English words 'hither' and 'thither*
in place of their more modern and
longer substitutes. For instance, the
secretary of state now acknowledges
the receipt of a communication for
warded through another department In
the following style: "Referring to the
reference hither by your department,1
etc. rt's all right, I know, but It has-a
strange look."
New Spelling Puzzles.
An official circular Issued by the In
sular bureau of the war department
refers to a certain ordinance as having
been "past" by the Philippine commis
sion, and a question has arisen as to
whether that Is the proper spelling of
the word in the sense in which it Is
used, notwithstanding the spelling If
in accordance with the list of 300
words designated by the president for
simplified spelling in all the govern
I ment departments. The spelling, of
the word as applied to legislative en
actmeats will undoubtedly receive the
.attention ot congress at the coming
session.
One of the first things discovered
when the settlers began to break up.
Irrigate and cultivate the upland boII
in Colorado over 30 years ago, was
that they could neither successfully
irrigate a planting of potatoes or corn
to bring it up in case of an insufficient
rainfall to germinate tuber or seed,
nor* apply water during the earlier
stages of growth without endangering
the after growth and ultimate yield
of these crops. If after planting, the
usual rains failed and water .was ap
plied. there almost invariably re
sulted a poor stand, and sickling,
spindling, unhealthy vegetation even
where the seed germinated at all. It
was, In fact, for many years the belief
of the best farmers, based on experi
ence, that it also injured potatoes to
irrigate them before they were in
blossom, or at least until the vines
were of sufficient size to shade the
earth about the crowns of the hills.
When, however, these farmers be
gan to turn under alfalfa stubble, or
growing fields of this wonderful plant,
from one foot to 18 inches high, prep
aratory to the planting of a crop of
potatoes, a change in conditions was
quickly observed. Now, if the winter
has been an unusually dry one, and
virtually all moisture resulting from
the irrigations of the previous Beason
has been lapped up by the winds, the
field to be devoted to potatoes can
be Irrigated before plowing in or,
having been barely able to plow the
ground without Irrigation, if the ex
pected rains do not follow, the grower
proceeds with planting, and, if neces
sary, immediately furrows out the
rows between the easily distinguish
able, lines left by the planter, and
turns in the water. And this opera
tion Is almost invariably attended by
success. Furthermore, if the late
May rains, which can be depended on
five years out of every six, prove In
any instance only sufficient to sprout
the seed and bring the young plants
above the surfac^, there is no longer
any hesitation to Irrigate then or at
any later period of growth when, in
the Judgment of the experienced farm
er, conditions require it.
THE RAISING OF POTA
TOES BY IRRIGATION
Methods In Use In Greeley. Colorado* District Where
Big Crops Are Raised.
Cultivation follows planting very
I
I
closely. In fact, on large farms and
where plowing has preceded planting
any length of time or when heavy
rains have intervened between plow
ing and planting, It is quite common
to see the cultivator at work on one
side of afield before the planter has
retired from the other. The planter
opens a narrow furrow before the
dropper, and the two indrawlng shares
cover the seed, leaving a plainly dis
cernible ridge. It Is, therefore, even
more feasible to cultivate afield Im
mediately after planting and before
the crop is up than a little later, when
the plants are all in sight and care is
necessary to prevent covering them
or breaking off the young plants. The
potatoes are cultivated from three to
five times, according to the season
and rainfall, or the Application of
water, and until the vines so cover the
ground between the rows that it is no
longer practicable to get through
them with cultivator and team. After
each irrigation, or after any heavy
rainfall that may occur, the scientific
irrigator and potato grower sets his
cultivators at work just as soon as
the condition of the soil win permit,
no matter how recently he has gone
Over the field.
If a in a an in
ficient to bring up the crop and carry
It well forward In the season, It is
preferable not to use water until the
vines shade the ground and are in
blossom and the tubers are beginning
to set. But, as before stated, rainfall
is not relied upon to bring the erop
up to this stage, and whenever condi
tions seem to require it, whether to
sprout the seed or to supply moisture
necessary for steadily continued
growth, water is turned on. And
whenever it has been necessary to
begin using water, if it can be pre
vented, the soil Is never allowed to
become thoroughly parched and dry
from that time on to the end of the
growing season. Experience has
shown that afield of potatoes, having
once been stimulated by the artificial
application of water, must be watered
Digging, Sorting and Sacking Potatoes in the Field.
at frequent intervals to prevent a set
back in growth, and that a check In
the growth of either plant or tuber
after one or more irrigations Is more
injurious by far than if the plant had
in tlie first place been considerably
pinched for the want of moisture.
The conditions under which irrlga
tion should take place have been
stated in general terms, but it would
be difficult, if not impossible, to indi
cate to a novice through directions
just when the conditions actually ex
ist for instance, the absence of mois
ture after planting to such an extent
that the sprouts will never get up
through the dry earth is a matter that
only actual experience can determine
and there is the early period of growth
when the vines for lack of -moisture
get, to use a common expression,
"black in the face come almost to
a standstill, and irrigation is re
quired to insure steady and continued
development of vine and tuber. Here
again knowledge can be obtained only
after long observation and experience.
Irrigation is applied early and late, as
the conditions require,, as before
stated, and, except with the compara-l
tlvely small area devoted to early po-1
tatops, the season ends in all ordinary
seasons Only with the first week In
September, and sometimes even later.
Formerly, and before the construo-:
tion of reservoirs to furnish an addl-:
tional supply of water for late lrrigap
tion, potatoes were irrigated three or
four tinges in the season, according to
the supply of water, which was usual
ly Insufficient and precarious. Now
the crop is irrigated from four to ten
Plan of Potato Irrigation.
times, depending on the character ot
the soil and the rainfall, the latter al
ways In the Greeley section an uncer
tain quantity. -By this more liberal
use of water than was for along time
deemed necessary the average yield of
potatoes has been more than doubled
within the past ten or 12-years.
An ideal application of water to
growing potato crop would require
that the water never rise above or
stand around the base of the plants at
the crown of the ridge or hill. This is,
however, impracticable In genera] cul
tivation. With very short rows and a
very even slope, such as seldom ex
ists on average farms, it would be
possible to approach this ideal, but as
a matter of fact very little attention
is generally paid to -the matter. There
Is always but a given quantity of
water, and the question with the farm
er is usually how to apply it to(the
best advantage in getting over' bis
field in the shortest time compatible
with the best results. To that end he
divides his water Into just' as many
furrows as it Will fill sufficiently to
make It flow off rapidly down the
slope. He Is careful by means of
cross laterals not to run the water
too great a distance without change,
because that would waste both time
and water. Then be depends on
prompt and thorough cultivation to
prevent the ground from baking about
I
the vines when they are small, when
the water will inevitably in place:
back up and break over the ridges.
?f iV -*v •$
IMP"
AN IMPORTANT GASE
Patient Cured of Ataxia QMvee tht
Entire Credit to Dr. Williams'
Pink Pills.
Mrs. S. C. Wellock, of 114 Cleveland
Avenue. Everett, Mass., the wife ol
an employe In the government works
at Chelsea, says:
"I had been troubled with nervous
ness for ten years and the dlseass
kept growing on me. Then I learn 3d
that I was suffering from locomotoi
ataxia. 1 had tefrlble tremblings In
my right leg which would get rigid
and when this happened In the street
1 ual to stand still until it passed
away to keep from falling. My right
arm felt as If a thousand needles were
pricking It The sheet teaching my
knee in bed would nearly cause me
to scream out with pala and both
knees were so weak 1 eoald hardly
itand.
"I had to use a oane and be helped
about by my son. Then the pain be
gan to settle In the calves of my legs
and the muscles became numb and
quivered constantly. The cords un
der my knees seemed to be drawn np
tight and the terrible shooting pains
in my legs would nearly drive me in
sane. My toes became numb and at
times would prickle as If needles were
being thrust into them. My eyes be*
came dull and black spots floated be
fore them. My heart was very weak.
"My attention was called to Dr.
Williams' Pink Pills and I bought sev
eral boxes right away and soon felt
relief. I was so pleased that I kept
on taking them until they cured me
entirely, and I have had no symptoms
of the trouble for over a year."
Dr. Williams' Pink Pills are sold by
all druggists or sent, postpaid, on re
Cblpt
of price, 60 cents per box. six
boxes $2.50, by the Dr. Williams Med
icine Company, Schenectady, N. T.
A booklet, entitled "Nervous Dl»
orders," sent free on request.
Adapted to Circumstances.
"What's the capaday of your car,
wmductor?"
"Its capacity la 60, but we carry
120."
Important to Mothers.
ctnfUlly ereiy bottle of CABTOBtt,
a i«fa and «m tenady for taints sad cbildno,
•ad *m that It
Bean the
Signature of
la Oka Slav Over 80 Tern
Stas Bad Tea aim
The man who contends that the
world Is growing worse always goes
*bout armed with a muck rake.
DR. J. H. RINDLAUB, (Specialist),
Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat
Fargo, N. D.
A shrewd politician la one who
knows just how much the people will
stand for.
rcas, MDBS, PKLTS.
Write for, prices and ship to McMlllu
Fur tc Wpol Co., Minneapolis, Minn.
BIG HIGH PRE88URE PUMP.
One Used In Hydraulic Mining in Ore
gon a Wonder.
The biggest high pressure pump la
the world Is Installed In 'the Dry Dig
gings placer fields of Southern Oregon
on Rogue river and is used to operate
a battery of hydraulic monitors in the
mineB.
mis pump Is one of the larg
est pieces of mining machinery ever
manufactured and could never have
been Installed but tor the fact that it
was dumped directly from the cars to
the foundation prepared for It In the
mines.
The pomp was built In San Francisco
and was one of the last lobs done by
the company before the earthquake
and fire. The pump Is of the five-step
centrifugal type and it weighs, aside
from bearings and gears, just 70,000
pounds. Other pumps have been built
that lift as great a volume of water as
does this one, but they do not deliver
it under
Buch
enormous pressure.
ThlB
pump Is tested to withstand a maxi
mum pressure of 250 pounds to the'
square
inch.
Its capacity is 13,000,000 gallons in
twenty-four hours, or 9,000 gallons a
minute. This enormous volume is de
livered through a half mile of pipe
line, the pipe being of steel, twenty
two inches in diameter. The water Is
lifted to a height of 100 feet and forced
through two four-inch nozzles, hurling
streams a distance of 600 feet These
powerful streams are played upon the
fountain walls to tear down the gold
bearing gravel.
POSTUM CEREAL CO* LTD.
Guarantee On Their Products.
We warrant and guarantee that
all packages of Postum Cereal, Grape
Nuts and Elijah's Manna hereafter sold
by any Jobber or retailer, comply with
the provisions of the National Pure
Food Law, and are not and «1mhi not
be adulterated or mis-branded within
the meaning of said Act of Congress
approved June 30, 1906, and entitled,
"An act for preventing the manufac
ture, sale or transportation of adul
terated or mis-branded or poisonous or
deleterious foods, drugs,- medicines,
liquors, and for regulating traffic there
Oi for other purposes."
ltosnnt Cmtu Co, Lm.
C. W. Post, Chairtnan,
Battle Creek, Mich.
Dec. II, 1906.
Subscribed and sworn to before me
!th!s 16th day of December. 1906.
Bhtjahot P. Rem,
.. Notary Pobl|c.
My commission expires July 1,190?.
Our goods are pure, they always
ftave been and always will be. they are
not mis-branded. We have always
stace «te beginning et our business,
printed a trathful on the
packages of the ingredients hmuibbi
thereto and we stand back of every
aackaga.