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Poet's Corper The Heomele.s. 'Midst the endless din of the city, On the surging and crowded streel Are thousands of men and women Who hasten with weary feet. To cheerles rooms, In dwellings That loom In gloomy pride Of showy front and cornice, And are lonely and blank inside. These are the city's homeless. The army of desolate souls, Who toll with brain or sinew, Or wait while the slow day rolls. Sometimes with the barest pittance To eke. out the aimless strife, Sometimes with luxurious comforts To lighten the burden of life. But homeless-and desolation D)wells ever in deepening gloom., With those whom home has forsaken And wiho live in rented rooms. No' cheerful heart's glad w,.lcome, No. greeting smile at the door. No watching face' :t the window, No chlldrrn at piny on the floor. No chubbl,y hands in yoiur pocket(s, No curly head on your b)re.t, No lullaby low and t,.nder To soothei a world to rt st. No. , itt. tl qustions anl answers, Across the tabhle :t te,'. No ,y,. that look lo,ve into your eyes, Sw. t Il,\v a'nd .endearments to see. lIPt only the same dull s tory That is told eaich night andl morn. VWith nIo one who e;arr to knolw it, Andl the bIusy world's careless scorn. N., wold, r the lierceb t, mnptation To yi, 1 h to the tolls of shame; lluman wrecka toassed in the chaos fonIu human throh to claim. (t)h. you who goi from your labors "I'o th, satcred joys of Ilotne , Think .ou wi.i th h,.at oly charity if those wviho the wide world roanm. With I n vcr n ctord to dlraw them Away fromn thI,' paths of sin. With tlh night anl tlhe storm without. And th. storm andl the night within IDA t'IIn'4'll-IIAZIIL ;TT. t l'. rie l l racI ere' ,elt In th.' mIatt* r of nmaking out r, jeorts uI p n. the ele ct ion of n.ttli'nul oilhers, a \l.ry s.rliousy sp5onsibility rests ulpo you to see that a large nunlmber of members are not disfranchised. Each individual hallot must contain the, figures from "1" to "27', no dup. Ilcate numbers should appear. the name of each and e'very candidate for the National Executive Committee must have one of the above numbers In front of It. The Constitution makes it mandatory that you throw out each incorr.ct Individual ballot. To Ln clude one' will make the e'ntire report defective. The same name appears in different positions on different ballots, and (Brown) and (Jones) may each ap pear fourth from the top on different ballots. Therefore ignore the positions and note carefully each name when assembllng the votes for your report. In transcribing your report from the Individual ballots, always start with the name which appears at the top of the blank ballot which you are using as a report sheet. If Jones is at the top of your sheet. start with (Jones) and then folow in alphebet Ical order the candidates on that ballot till you come back to Jones. The actual figures voted for each candidate must be added together to make that candidate's total on your relort. (En live Iballots Brown and Jones g" t votes as follows, and consleqluently hale the following totalIs: I1t VWN JE eNEH 9 11 14 "7 At th.I very bottom of the report she."'t state "number of melmberr vot ing"-12. 17, or 29 as the case may The figtures from "1" to "27" added together gives each member a voting power of :78. Ten voters will cast a total of 3,780 votes. When you have the total vote for each candidate In front of his name on your report sheet, add up the entire column. Your report Is proven corect If the total amounts to 378 for each member voting. In other words, If 12 members vote, the total must be 13 times 378; if 17 members vote, the total must be 17 times 378. Hloping that the above explanation wil be found of service and keep many mistakes out of the report sent to the State and National Headquarters, I am Fraternally yours, J. MAHLON BARNESB, National Secetary. Note.-There being.only one candi date for National Secretary. the tit-ure "1" or an ,'X" mark will be suficlent. A blank ballot for National Secretary will not invalidate the vote for Mem bers of the National Executive Com ml'tee, If said vote is properly cast. Leson V.-he Economics, of Caplit allsm:.. 4. We have noted that capitalism is .essntlally an expanding system. Its expansion Is closely connected with the accumulation of capital. The Orrigin of ('apltal.-The amount of capital needed In the early stages of capitalism was co(mparatively small. This original capital was provlde.d partly from the hoarded wealth of feudal proprietors and medieval mer chants; more largly by expropriation of peasants, spollatlin of gilds and monastricas, and plunlidering or ennsihvi'e ment of conquere.d peoiples--Mlexica s, I'e.rulana. lPast Indians. Negro.s, etc. Th., nmethods are still usd. e.plc Ially in e.xtension of ca;pitalism to new countri, s; but they are not now th' chief metho ds by whith c.ilitalisni groms. Tih,- Aceunluletlon of 't pltlta.- 2h, Industrial pilnt I tontinually being i nlarge d-- more in achinet y Installed mlore mills, fiactori. a, an111 rtidIwa :ys built aind -I'ulllppd, more. mines open ed, ietc., andl mo.re w;age workrs eall / 1l1hy, d. This increase of capl)itl I pahi for chiefly out of s-irplus vtaiu ri atlitd friomn past operatliln of aenli tal-I. e.. It is .ff'cted by capitalists rinv\' sting part of the r. nt, inter.est, 'in( profilt th.,y ha've do rivet fromrr the past lallor of th,' wage workers. (This I"' *supltin.,ntted to asome' exte'nt by inv, stnll, nt of sUtin)s of th.e middleI class. s-- for mnars, prof, ssomin ll, inlh,-I iptndL tnt Iartisins., its.; Iiit the anmountr of thise i cotinlliparatliitl 1y sa ll. I I'atiital |in'tlnrteases nmiori. rapidly than dlid tihe lprod.uctive planit oaf any pre in. s sl st*t m, for " . , tral r, sons. F"irs't, fr,' t.a".t, or r. s are li t dtli Sllt ld ,th I, n," w .,'rs than \worl lrs el loih lts b l and ot4lr 1min.nthgd; h:riia nitlhing blit nut.,.s to late .),. in i toi] t tint for ilt ir'li nt T it th. y cilrl t iry i lv mnl, tfl 4 amonly, than k.ulits u or . li .,l rs t . mi altd drto rfi or slatr s. K, cond. tith y use pow r riiln iiuthine" rmly lnstead to hnd to. nls and trhis futrtheir lth capithalr rn an istalli hment r. the Ird, ti t. copt ol t iion .r,,%. lit.- th,.tr w ages from rising in protlrtion , trause ir therdt. Thus Ite mcapitallchi rivey. ttrtly greratoer so.rplus from a nlumb r of powe work rlal. than cld lords tr planters from n like nunt t .o! s Ia'S .n' .,lati ,. an i coneqeapntl) thi enlr lagndr iurolus hinery and competition amt don the workers eniable the capitalists to rein vest largely, compettition among the capitalists compels them to do so. In general, th larher nr the capital in anyal. pitall shment, the dled Is twhe cost of proth oducton -ch aeruse of the die ofn protter machinery. better organisation of processels, less waste of power, ma terials, and o labor, tc. r.ence, whe one capitalist enlarges and improves his plant, his competitors uust do the same or he" will get part of their triade. 1'apital as a whole must grow, because those entt;rprises which do not grow are destroyed in competition. The in creal(e of capital goes at an accelerat-tr Ing rate., because ech increment oi capital increases the amount of sur plus-value which in turn facilitates further increase of capital. Constant and Valrliahle Capital - 'apltal may e divthided naptalo two parti both olef which are used in diffnrent pr dportion In every nterprise. a this r lable capital is that portion devoted to the purchase oi labor-power, to the aymer nt of ges. mor 'nstlonly, t omepital is that part which is embodied in bulmdings, machlinery, tatlnay o ee.In thell r. out neer umulor any constant capital increases more than does var labl. iallltal. This means that the wvhl , In.h.'s of capital ih 're, ns, faster than dti. thm e do lui rat p rie Ino rld in th r to cds, ther, isncr ol total ,nsilly to l mplh y i ill' n nulmb r of work, II in the most proiitlablle inilliui r I'a tll al and Prodli t T'he Inl.i'.rni l of 'upilal iluss in inlrer se of pro duct. Tlh iheriase of product In -mll thnn the Inc.rase of capiti l, but It isI greater than t ,i " l, . ias In I1". illn her of workers. In other words, the purpose and effect of the necumula tion of capital Is to Increase the amount of product per workman. The Increase of product is also greater than the Increase of total wang.".,Tnking the capitalist period as i_ whole, rates of wages have increas ed; during some portions of this per Iod they have increased rapidly, at other tim,.s more slowly, at some times remaining statljnary or even falling. But never for any consider able time do wage rates rise so rapid ly as to cause the Increase of total w-ages to ekual the Increase In po suct. Iohdutld they do so, *t would be to check the accelsa -e-t of capital, so ekecking the grtwt of opportunities of employment, aa thus sending wages down again. COes- Quently, not only do thee captalist mare In an eve larger product, but they set an ever larger propotion et this larger product. The fact of a slowly declinllg ate of interest is often nisinterpreted Sa Indicating a reduction in the capital Ists' share of the product and an in crease In the workers' share. It ladi cates nothing of the sort, far (a) In terest is drawn upon an amount of capital which is growing nmore rapidly than the rate of production rises; (b) the rate of production in rising more rapidly than the ratae of Interest falls; (C) a decline In the rat.f of interest does not pre\'nt a rise in tii,. rate of rofillt-i. e.., th. rate of retlrn to dl rect p1ossessors (of capital. aindi (d) rent rises slmultann.*oisly 'with th,. decline In the rat. of int..rst. II fact, the toitai incollme of thei, c;apit:,lists in reas,4. Inuore rapidly than th. total in 'lcme of the wags worktLrs. anld it ab ,oiris the greatr part of the increase of product. So raphid is ties :l rowth of llapit list Incotllll. l tli , nlla i.i for ;III l. r I; ..'r in 're altsing , a ill, .tm ent ,,.s nllot pr, n, lit the 'apitli-ts from haiting :tn 'v, r inter, using ri, i. 'i left to I... spI.nt in luxury. tin Itli, con trary, in r.. tant yelarst, ani gr.a t com ptlaint of ithe capiti,-t . lass :ts . whole hiis n, lo.ager e,. n hiwv to i t , iough forI the nilcssry l i r. j\-ase al . l pitali bait lo, w to find softieient op.**rtuni ties tar lrltit·ble in lvstm. nt Illov,:tatmint and ta'lpitali-t ('on Tlnlition.--Tihe, calitalist ilmai con sunllt his incoml--i. e.. spend it in lux ur), philanitropy, iet.; It, imayi use it in incre asing caital- i. ... reins iet it, isually bty the lplrchlas, of st.ocks and ainds; ior, as is g.enerally the case, he t;ay ) livldieh It tItween the t'wo pur ioes. The ratio in which the income .1 the caitalilt ctlss as a ,whle ish di v i.l d varies colntinually uind r mlany infil ences.a , t',nsiul. statistlcs I. r 1 90 l1t iJndic at. that alhl t nin.-latih of ti. .claitilisit income ftronl thi mian uiit.urinlg hinilstri s in the ntlled :I tl,.'s t 1: a r% i in, tl.stl In lthos ijndus I'. i~. H idlan s this. a ,ohnsl rable Toillit wla s iunloullbt. lly in.V stei In ,lin lin i- .l, Iina ci.al, i. rail\i , y. ri ing,, atnd ,th. rI a uiltl' i., s in the 1 tited titts.. li.nl ano ll.th * i rli,n in c:i lital. ist * lnt, rpiri", s it larinils kinds in ir. laktin :art caaonatrl.-s-M1, xico, S mith .\ a ,lita. Ituss l , Dini, etc. Wih, n iniictalllsts as a I hole t. nil to , intu st too mach of their nlcomit", the rite of. r. tIarn on (alpital falls ahinorm-i sly . , 11+ " .r . liu:l h r i1 tit miat: wh, int th y t. nid to rl invest too ilth . Ith , rat.l f :. ',0 : i t t,. . in, l , I. iouranges mnore lilbe'ral investe n nt. Thus thi, accumnulation of capiital re gulatt.s itself in lpropiortion to the y ,Ilpprtulnitih. pr1..e nted Iby technical aindl polial develonpment. in such aI itinner nam to give the t'iipitalists the argest possiible share of the produilt. Organization oif C'apitalst i wnr shi.-In the beginning, capitalist property waa individ ual lrrolierty in the full sans.. implying also individual -ontrol. But with the growing n-id or larger units of capital, first in for eign (ncommerce, then in machine in iustry, catme partnerships and then Joint stock compani.s. The latter a low the general form of capttalist or ganization for industry. commerce, inance, and even to a great extent for hiollinK real e state. Per(ionl formlng a company ri. ee,,i\ stocks In proportion to the caplital they put in. Membership Is imlnprs onal, dependilnK on ownershhip of stocks, which may be bought and sold at will. The company's bulsness Is a.gKgggprg pygKg ,Hatinfnft I;I'TA tranpacted by a directorate, .hl.'tedl by anil acting for the memlership. The m.mtwrs voting power aind ph:r, iof the profits are propolirtionaIte to the stocks the'y own. M~enrll.r are Ilit i 'hiiliduilly r lspona le for th, ,.. anl ptny"s 4 1ht1 lI.'on. d tih.' ;Inno Int of 'ihe itilb l thi .. t 'lrli h I s i i , \ ., . , - Inhh i . rs : l ,i . ln il tl . 1 Ill "11 .11n y s l'I co Im nlyl .lif iln'll, l Iu I . . a i i I'hli h thi - (onlil iiy i 1.rr t. \ i. .X thi h.l s ht .i t o l'. h I. I , e ll \ , 111 it .1i fl. lu e.s I.n p1 d l i uip.' eite ,t .I't. .i In ' h st. It M..ls. til' yut ' u, Ini ' h I. ' ht ania l ..Id int \\11s i \ Inh l\ii l i I hpi ttl lhilly mobilv. I' i n .sto1. .l h :n t I sottl s ii ci'nlltl I uit I hn list ithe apital, l;lrt or sli.till n: .ns persons who lake no 1 i th., I ,If in the h tll in s4, al l yet eitcil F , \ , llontrol nas onlralieed 1as4 0 0 1 Ian indlluhiall prolprltor. Quebtllon4 for IReniln%.. 1. W hat I capitalllil I. t llll itllsh etweeln capital and imeans ,I pro duction. 2. Whait governs wlag.,' \%'hat effect does a cheapening .ii loiot and raties? clothing tend to have uponIIll Wage 3. What is surplus.valull'' What is the relation between proldutll. 1gils, and surplus-valu ? Wage Workers Must Pay Trib. ute to Caesar (I ' .nt l n u e d f r o m F i r s t I tg I m 1: I gIlr hau c~rown too l~ig I1 A~mlr SI" t a two by four, ettly, graft ilIl ilithhittn will. thrm o.lml of (xist 1 i.,. CIrk. I'nlon of lI:tt.. hav.. tit it' r und.'r advlnarn.nt ani man 'i al. y & McTago.e quit t1mm light lb, r" . ,ill he sometlilng dloing m i, 'xt Ieglmlat'mr' t% Ill it, all Ilk. I." ",,,,I m..ntain one or :nmr." smmcIaalista uamrnl.*rshlp andm tit,'rm. tvill I." a fi" Inn., In the state caitnlatl whtwn thm. .I t rjmrmasentatlms gam 1mo 11am m at hmave to. majy tin (")Inm. >" it till, i-" is In th." langmm Cm " ".I ili nk - `I "In Mia, Io amm~mni "m I., m " a, fmIl l~,lloaIn r' 1l I 1.r111 . la lb.))· I mhmav Iold.tl lt .u a .1 II amtltm I atl tMh of II .II. %..a, oI tatlltcluncl,'* trik.". f. ii :Iiih ing ri"x I1;1 t: r;" I~1 i I ll "' st mftlmImtamt" F.'A.. I,'aaml Ill.- Hilt , r 1I 1P~~tc 'rr 1 I"11111 -r am. iin iit ml, £ th i.a I,, in ii I .\l- t aof mi I' I a t at." :a .1 1 , . in 1 I ' a." ils fl IhitianS min t u."i I Il, mIIIIla a t an\ a Ill stmI . I \m a. 'I'. \ltr lm nl t '.1 nI', t.m l I .. li' altl . i lb ni tha r II/, Trt,, A 1ll I..t matun mat" ,I lre s f Iin.s o I rn a., ., Iii ~ o li ;At n t lm rth.mn a ntt . I m"t~is ;m .t: I m6 thie maw t citan ) . .,I " i. t 'It. rijlamul. mmmlt m of [r~ i Ia -ml.r a, . mm i. nd tat m.\a i ,~mal I'i,. unmin., ..im, ti.t i ti t n, , i-a hi. I irn s a tm I l am It." . ..I umimammm 'I 011mm in t .I -Ii l. alt - lh a ilro' ad Ia nad Itima mm 1' * i % oh:sI"..i mt. :. .1. l" Ihn d ,f tinnl. titI. am~l. rut am--thming lmrt )i t I. a. I. all ama. ail o It mm iaml t llma ]iin - I ý :a . ., a\ '. . ,n .,nth. I 1'nri '1, tnbm, tune, 1 n1 Li1 I 11 tiN;ti tn nltti ;Int ta I th\ Inn if L! Ej'i.* I tif i Ow hns" of t~ul~r~u s 1,111 . ..l un 11 11. to long. l r 1t~lfll thr. 111" .1 1.1111, .llndI - tiont t hat )1,111\· I., en In; 1-'. .~1 11p)11 t IIm tm at the tiuiutds ,, tit ir nutt nl,ners, arid Inn~w e.ItiI.it that epirit iii than hood whlichi 'u 'ull ti .lo r It, ti mis ery than t.. t~.again rsuturo lth un b ,ittiIale ntidlti,,ne. to ,11. tin r which the ere c~iontplInle to quIit thnir labo',. It is. not the t*.rt oI Ai ~ CuiiW. tif menl. of t nillrer. Ii toitij*'-l oth. r toII.rs tIo reuime sui,'h nIner abli" Itoll. It is niot th. part or citizeins duttI to uii a'itlizenzs di~manil that all the pro. '((Mt.( if lIa Ii tiat may or cu It lit. linvoked, b,"Ihr,'ttght to bear uipon the isisu that is Inncnr." itti. to eII. mniiui that the gottivrnir 'it thit. itatuit th. tatIlt'. zuiti comisiitstion. i of ithits Utat.h, the intIrustale u,,mmissiot, pit thagt at WaIshlntcton, I). 1'., Ih" stnit at rIIltIISt from atll the itIztzns of Butte' it. ire am.I .4 "n li IIn yo rnur a a 'Ic l conn cli. asklingt thir'nugh your biniy. andI thin olt1.. ra ius abhove meni.nIIoned: That all polsiblln' and Ititw fill me.*ans tin adonnpte'il at II e ,rust IttImomett to bring; about an ho )Illnorl/llll ildjUstlllltlt f th I llttitus teuritllnlls It'nd pannh jut etatisto I. ttni. ,1 or si\a t s iniinest Wi~lls ll-11111, I~II1 ~ ( LI' Wt. ttinr,'lot " It t11111 It. ii i iL,.I In take t 1t. ti· lns1 ellli1 u II 111 .11 111 ollil r- .I~ l e"In'ti.,. 'j,> " 1:Sp. -l l i 1 1 1. 1i~ I' ii l I1 ft I. "I n mm. I I. i t I : Is I".I iNt1 i ittV . n I' l 111 I n Ni1 ., I. 1 i, . I' . I I Ic t, Value. uo a nd Pro1it, . n I1 I.. r At. ni11 Ii . I '1Ii . i .a 1 , *'I.. r i i, " n1,1.. I' u , " . *re . n11. 1 I i. it I" I VII1uInti't'ntsiitti1it 1 C li I ,. CoaSpt:1 I " f.. iiInA r ,2 1..a.... h u lMh11'el .te11n.1, ie$ r , The Mills of Mammon Red Light District of Chicago Exposed Createst American Novel from a Socialist Pen THIPrice I Do1 (T 1 I NE:lilllR( ) -1 FOR (50'IIII..M Th. S . . 1n1I Edit,, rn " n 1 ' r . I 1'n t) - 'th ,1 ' .. .ft, r it 1 :tI l' -i t Price One Dollaer )Ri " 11. 1 I Its ll Montana News, Helena, Montana. POCKET LIBRARY of SOCIALISM 4 N. , , , . • - , , , .. . . R I ý ,, . - ll A y - , 11 ` 1 1. It 7 . ^ 1 A ,4I .Intl M I. M H. e } t b. N . N.1 I I i ie .. , I I \ N4 S f , -II 1 I II I , M W I , . . , . ... , .. v., S11T l , M , I I , I , 1 ,1•., . - 1.'1, 1 11 . , f \ it /. 1 I w . A Union Mean i Ah at ra I. lie ' 10 111 ) 11o I i4 li tIi lot .~ul 'i III d.rtl'al q'. i'.iel 3 III I l hlilo-t 1 1 w 1 I . . .. ('ham m . tro o l ahI rI ). .h,'.l n ', ler-Ka k . .. .r. n bI a Mah . 1 I EA I. r f· irh' l p1i n t r ahl 1:.o".n(,o i nlt in a sltrl.lna Iiong 8ht. A Union Man at because they P~ubitshed at Glrant, Kalluna. oNE: DOLLAR A YEAR