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ONLY. (The following poem from the Loan don Clarlon emphases the extent to which the capitalit system preserves the pnlty of the home. and providew the ioative for pidividual Improve meat) Only a woman-wan and wild With body foul and soul defiled. OUdlg along the city street. All numbed with cold sad drenched with eest Who is ths child of woe-pray tell? "Only a harlot at for bell." Only a drunkard, gray sad old. Only an atlo bare and cold, A soen of in. death and decay What mease this ghatly vision - pray? The church replies without a grown. "A man must reap a he has sown." Only a dim-eyed weary soul. Tolling to earn a paltry dole Slaving all day, and half the night, Her life one bitter. endles fight. But 10, an answer is to hand: ',Because supply demsad." Only a baby born-to love With a soul more pure than mslats above. Condemned to suffering, grief and pal. Till dust returns to dust again. The law says with impartial air. 'The child It. parents guilt must Only a harlot sad a slave No peaee for them eoxept the rave. Only an inhant and a sot Cast them asde. It matters not. Leave them to la. work, drink and die Why should we trouble-you and I. Only four sonu onee pure and white. Now sank to depths of blackest night; Once raised to heaven, now thrust to hell; Once t with gods-now Sends-to dwell Souls such as themse for pity cry. all we not listen-you and I. A Deek that ohaeI be adM. i "Those who malntala that existing social inequalities are natural and proper and the result of the reoog. nttloe by society that Intelligence. or ablities. or superiority of may kind, desarven thue to be rewarded, are if they only knew it, going back to nat rnml juste, to the law of the stroeg eat, that prevails in the animal world. After all that has bean md about Jstoe., I have never yet eenn a statement of the real pruciple that underlies it. not a truly philosophical or fundamental delnltion of Justice. The true delnltlen of justice is that It lA the enfoerement by society of an artl clal equality ln sooal condition. which are naturally unequal. By it the strong are forcibly shorn of their power to exploit the weak. The sam, reasoning which defends existing ne. qualities would logically condemn all civil Jstice. As a matter of tfact a.l history, the enforcement of justice by society has always been resisted by the strong and denounced as an out tage upon their right to reap the fruits of their superior physical and Intellect ual power. Thus the claim that the ruaerlkr nlateligeane of certain member, of society justnls the so eal in cq'slitits that make up tmo. of the world does not differ in that ree p~ot from the claim of the physically strongest men in a barbaric race to selse and powee the handsomu.st ~s man and the flnest oxen." -Applied Soiology." pp. 22-33.-By Lester '. Ward. price $3.75. NlAD THE DIARY OP A HIRRT WAIWr UWRIE By Therea Mal-lel, member of the . ational .Woia.'s . commtlee, Sedaes Party, and Woman'e T'nad. Union Leage, hmandomely bound in IeaMible en cover so cents; pMer 3l omats.. .end oeder to Montanu News. Sukecrke for The Little Socialist Magazine sad teach your cbldreS prep. erly from the cradle up. Se CENTS A YEAR IS Spruce Street, NEW YORK. CALL FOR THE BEST In read sad Pastry made by the A. P. IdaMdbo Plep. COarer Lmeat & S.rdsa. Tel ee 814 I1k, Mbisesel Meaet FARMERS AND CITY WAGE WOR~ E One common danger oonfronts the workers of the world. The present eaptalist system is as much a menace to the workers who earn ther bread upon the farm a. it is to the workers in the factory, mill or mine. These two sooton of the working clae---the city worker and the agricultural wor ker, the wage-earner and the farmer -must join forces and work together, or capitalism will crush them both. Heretofore the wage-worker and farmer have not worked together. They have been inclined to rogard each other as having conflicting In terests. The farmer has had to hire help, and he observed that the labor wages went up: so he concluded that the wage-earner, o) the other hand. getting higher prices for his wheat. his cattle and hog, and corn. which Increased the cost of living. So the wage-earner sometimes concluded that the farmer was hise enemy. It is true the labor union is the organised effort of the wage-earner class to keep wages up. It is also true that farmers are interested in receiving higher prices for the wheat. corn, cattle, hogs, etc., that the) raise. But it is capitalism that deteats both. It is capitalism that prevents the raise of wages at the same time keeps down prices of the farmer's products. On one and the same day the meat trust puts down the price of cattle to the farmer, puts up the price of meat to the people and re duoes the wages of the toilers. The trust is the common foe. It is not the labor union that keeps down the price of the farm products. It Is the trust. It is the meat trust, the sugar trust, the railway trust, the elevator trust, the farm machinery trust. etc. It it were not for the pri vate monoply that stands betwen the producer and the consumer and robs them both, wages could be higher, and the returns to the farmer could be greatly Increased-both at the same time. It It were not for the almost unlimited exploitation of the farmer by the railroad monopoly, the farm machinery trnst, the cordage trust, the money trust, the coal, oil, sugar and all the other trustathe far mer could pay his hired man more than he does and till have twice the returns for his own labor. It ist not the labor uoa sand the farmer who are enemies. They have one com mon enemy-he trust, the monopoly -the capitalistie system. Let us consider how capitalism works the game. It robe the farmer In one way and the wage-earner in another. But it gets them both all the same. Bow acapsem Sbs the FWhme The farmer--the worker 'whose a test known only the fields' rough 1 floor, and yet sends lordly steps down a echoing corridors" - the farmer,for 1 his produce, and whatever necessaries I of lift the farm does not produce. a At every one of these points capitalism a is grinding the farmer. By seislni and monopollsing all the land possible, i capitalism Is making It more diicult every year for those who would eerun a living by farming to get hold of a land. 300,000,000 acres of rich farm land are already monopolled by ( capitalists, railway companies and the like. And from now on this will i become more and more serious, be cause the free land is all gone. Henc*e forth to get land those who start in farming will have to buy. The price Is t going constantly higher. The begin- I ners will be compeled to borrow mony to buy. And so the money powers will grind them in both ways. The farmers must have machinery. But the International Harvester trust Is monopolising that business ant charging excesslveprices. The farmer must store and market his produce. Bat the elevator trust over-charges for storage, the railway trust over charges for transportation--at least ten times what it costs; and the meat trust takes all the profit on catle raising. The farmer must have clothes, sugar, oil, nails, wire.lumber, etc. But every one of these is controlled by a trust and every one of them compels the "hornyhanded son of toil. to divld.' up, so as to make more profit for the trust. No wonder the farmer works hard and gets but little to show for it. No wonder his wife is a slave and his children often driven to work in the fields and denied opportunity for edu. cation. But let the farmer understand dis tinctly what it is that oppresses him. Let him understand that it is neither the wage-worker or the labor union. It is capitalism, the priv ate monopoly and distribution. Is the labor union responsible for the rise in price of such thinglas as coal, meat, etc. It is not the labor union. That ory is simply an ecouse of the capitalists to put up prices and then lay the blame on the unions. It is unquestionably true that the big corporations sometimes goad the work ers into a strike for the purpose of hating an esome to raise prices. At any rate it is true that a coal strike or a meat strike enables the eoal W . meat trust to enormously AWSW8 profits at the expense of the PDSUI And at the same time a geMae efrort is always made to stir up the l Judice of the people against the Wm - ere by laying the blame on the ualeS where It does not belong. So it ls capitalism that preveao. s improvement of the farmer's eeaOd tion bp robbing him of the predatib of his toll. But at the same time that capitil lam Is exploiting the farmerse 8 the ways above suggested. It Im also s plolting the laborer. How otpiltaIm Robs the Wage Worker Capitalism knows no god but pIs fit or dividend. It must make prfit. To do so it must keep wages dewas make the hours of labor asu ong as possible and the prices of the resit ins products as high as posrble. To aecomnpla these things capitali must not only control all opportuattle of labor, but must also control - market. Capitalism has already datM this. A comparatively few men 0e day own all the means of employe1sat --the mines, mille, factories, fore.o, railways, etc. And because these few eapitalistet, In solid compact and agwei meat, own and monopolies all the ep portunlties for labor, therefore It he. oome. more and more Impomible .ew labor to live except upon terms whig they shall dictate. Hence wages m.' what they determine them to be. Hours of labor and conditions are the same. The workers are at the m.er of the capitalist clame,who own the means of their employmenat th things without which they oaenotlbe. or live. And, by force of the Innate end natural desire of the capitallit cle to secure more profit sad greater dt9- % dead, there is a constant pressureup. on the workers to force wages dewn• to increase hoursof the labor, to in- * crease woman's labor and chUid laer t And capitalists are compactly orga-. iced a order to eanforce these thlnnga. Before such conditions the wage. I workers are helpless unless organlsd. The labor union Is the coneleoan and organiaed effort of the workeres to meet these conditions and protet I their class from the incresaing tyranny I and the ruthless overriding of capital. I ism. It is the effort to unite the work- < ere In a fraternity of mutuat ameld I tance In the preeance of a great,thret. ening common disaster. They have I organised to help each other. They[ have undertaken to keep wagee up I to shorten hours of labor, to prevent I child labor, to secure better manitary conditions. They have helped the sick' and ministered to their brothers in I hours of bereavement. They have stood together and raised wages or prevented the monopoly and trustsm from decreasing them. They have stood for compulsory education and I sought to raise the ntelleootual and I moral standard of the workers By I the use of the union label they have I enabled the public to have a means of knowing what goods are manufact ured under fair conditions. They have made a stand against the brutal sys tem that drives men to drink,women to prostitution and children to paup er home, through the reduction of wages to such a degree that the toll ers cannot live proper lives. In short, the labor union is the organised stand of the working class for JJustice, the stand they make ag.ast the conditions that would otherwise degrade workers and en gulf us all. Why armers ShoaMd tand by the labor Unless Now all of this concerns the farm lag class. The labor unions are try iar to keep wages from being pushed constantly downward to the starvation point. If the unions fall, if wages go down what then? Why the wage-earn ere are unable to buy as much meat o,r bread, or clothes, or fuel, or lumber, and the farmer's market is destroyed. A blow at the labor union is a blow at the farmer's market. There are 20. 1 000,000 wage-earners in America. If you allow the wages of these men and wonen to be reduced ten cents today and another ten cents tomor I row, you have decreased their pur r chasing power and to that extenit i you have destroyed the market. When the market begins to tall, prices tumble and hard times come again. And then, of course, every capitalist newspaper and every trust hirellng declares with great bluster that the labor union is the cause of it all. And many of the farming class believe It. The wily politician know that if they can only keep the workers of the farms arrayed asinst the work oer of the olties neither elass can pro toot themselvrs. they try to make the farmers believe that their hard ships are all due to the ,'damned labor uofes." This Is untrue.And the farmer Io beaaginning to see It. The wage earn rs everywhere are learlnng new and important lemsons They see that thoro Is only Oe way to sueooed. aid that is to unite the workers of every class into one common organisation. It should be plain that this movement must unite all the elements that are suffering from the private ownership of the means of production and that It mustnot attack the Individual cap Italist, monopoly or trust, but must unite upon a program that shall strike Lt the roots of the system that breeds, nlourishes and perpetuates the monop Oly and trust. The wase-workers are beglnning to see clearly every whr,.r that the private mlno.,pollz:a tlon and manipulation of the railways, tactories, mlnee, elevators, mills. etc.. is Ii stroying the working ilats ,an at the amine time undermining the repub lic. Th*ey are now organizing their fort,., to put an end to capitalism City labor sad the Farme The farmer should be interested in the faIt that, owing to the to nt ney ,f the population to gather in the cities it is inevitable that many of his Ichldren should find their way to the city life. The invention of labor-raving ma chinery has its effect on the farm as well as In the city. The use of this machinery makes it possible for one man to do the work which formerly required fourteen men on the farm. This, added to the hardships of farm life and labor, leads the majority of those who are raised on the farms to find their way to the city. This be Ing the case, these farmer boys and girls who enter Into thesame, condl tions as those who were raised in the city are compelled to take up the same fight for a living. The strikes and boycotts of the union movement are undertaken for the benefit of all wage-workers, whether they come from the city or the country, and In the degree that these efforts succeed benefits follow to all members of the workin claso One of the principle lines of effort under taken by the trade-union move ment is directed towards the reduct- h ion of the hours of labor. There are many reasons for this. In come cases the nature of the employment furnish- t es a anitary reason, as in industries where poisonous chemicals are used in the process of manufacture. In other industries the excessive toll and terrific muscular and nervous strain are of euch character as to destroy d human ltfe and actually reduce the age limit of those employed. The reducton of the hours of labor in these cases is a matter of common humanity adding years of useful life to those I who benefit thereby, and reducing the < number of mental, physical and moral I wrecks to be taken care of by soc lety. Another reason for this effort I to reduce the working hours is th* ( effect of labor-saving machinery. This machinery employs 15.000000. horse-power in this country alone. I which means that for every working I person there is the equivalent of I seventeen other persons' energy em ployed alongsilde of him. We need not tell you that the average life has not been improved in its condition or ia it's supply of necessities and com forts seventeen times On the con trary, this Immence Increase in pro ductiveness has been made the reason for the displacement of workingmen and the creation of the vast army of tramps that infest our land today. Mark Hanna said truly, "there are two men for every Job," and Mark Sanna usually kew what he was talk lta about. There is but one way un der present conditions to make any possible opportunity for those who have been displaced, and that is to shorten the hours of those employed and thus makeplace for some of the unemployed. This is one of the efforts of the labor union in the interest of those who do the work, and who must have an opportunity to work if they are to have an honest living. Another reason for this effort to Wards a reduction of hours is the im mllgration which is being forced up on this country through the agency of the great steamhlp lines, undoubtedly at the solicitation of the employers of labor in such industries as coal mining, Iron mining, etc. These floods of human beings, with minds and hands like yours .should hI, a Ibless lag to as great a land as the. nited Utates. If they were properly employ ed and the product of their lab,.r used to educate their ehildr.ii But when their cheap method Is used 55 an excuse for lowering'wages,and their ignorance and previous hard ships are made an excusr for long hours of labor In this land, they are made a curse to themselves, their ehildren and to the rest of the work tlb population of the country. The foeducton of the working hours, com piillng the employment of more men. SWould raise the price of labor by In lessing the demand somewhat: Would give more liesure to those who Week more time to think, more liber t for life, and this would be felt not Oaly by the factory slave, the prison er of the mine, the mill, the machine I MS the shop, but the benefits would S*W out aeeroes the land to all who live by labor. I Perhaps the greatest menace of our I tite is the growing tendency to limit the provisions for the proper educat ion of the child. This speaks in two ways, each of which supplements the other. In the first place the per fection of modern machinery is such that it make It possible for a child to do the work, by the aid of machin ery, that formerly required many met. In its performance. This furnishes a reason for poor lparents who are. thrown out of employment, or whose already scant income is reduced by the introduction of machines. to send' their children to the machines,and enlarge their family Income. ,)n thl. other hand,there is a growing tenden cy on the part of the owners of' wealth of all kinds to refuse to pay taxes necessary for the errection. maintenance and proper equipment of sufficient schools for the education of the children. The fight recently carried on in Chicago by the teachers themselves has proven this, and in every other city similiar conditions exist. The labor unions have made. it r part of their program to try to secure legislationrwhich shall provide in city. state and the nation for an efficient limitation of child labor on the one hand and for the compulsory 'ducat ion of children on the other hand. Surely, any intelligent man who wlshes to maintain the present standard of civilation will want to help any such efforts as the. Certainly he cannot afford to antagonize such efforts. Wage-Workers. and. Pamn-Workers Must Unite ('apitalism Ih crushing both the farmer and the wage-worker. They must unite against it. The wage workers are using less and less the strike and boycott, and ar." more and more uniting and concentrating their political power. They see that the strike, to be successful, must be made at the ballot-box. So they are carry ing the struggle against capitalism on to the politlical field. And there they have the advantage. because they have the numbers. They want the people who use the means of life and labor to own them. They seek the public necessities. But to secure that they must firstget the power of government out of the hands of the capitalist claas And to do that they must unite poll tically. This they are doing. And tu day the wage-workers are organislng HOW WE LIVE Pierced by the pintrust. Chiled by tht icetrust. Roasted by the coaltrust. boaked by the soap trust. tDoped by the drugtrust. (W rapped by the papertrust. Bullied by the beeftrust. Lighted by the olltrust. Squeesed by the corset truet. boured by the pickletrust. Pierced by the plnthrust. A Union Man NO LONGER at because they ARE land disciplining an independent politl cal party of the working class, to wrest the legislatures, the courts, the mulniciqal councils out of the hands of the millionair.s and us.e the.' powers to establi)sh the public owner ship of public recesitles. Thiewlli put an end to capitalism. This is the N.ew Tradl I'nionism and with this the farmer should at (.ne? heartily unite. Here is the common foe In variouq 'ways before this the agricultural class of America h:tave grappl,,I l withm.id ern capitalism. The o(range, the Alli anc. and th." Populist move.mnt we.r. ill *iforts of the farming clatns auiuinst icapitalism. All wer. uInsur cessful. And the reason for the fail ure of those efforts was the fact that the very nature of the case made thean farmers' mov,.m',ntA-and there are not enough farmers to win an econo mic or political battle. Exactly the sam,. is trlu of the American wag. , arning chluw, and about forty per cent. of the voters in the agricultural clauu. Neither class could ,ý, .r win alone. They can never win until tthey unite. They must unite. For sooner or later every clam struggle becomes a political struggle. The capitalist class lona~ ago took its Interest into politicn. And l..eause the wo.rking class has not taken Its interests into politics the capitalist politicians have everywhere simply used the workers g-oliticaly They divide the workers on false i-sues and by false promises keep them divided. They play one part of the working clam against the cther; vote half Republican. the other half Democrat, and In either case al ways get men into office who favor the monopolly and trust, while pro fessing great friendship and devotito to the "dear people." It is in the way, by keeping thi workers on the farm and the work ers In the industrial centers from com ing to understand each other, that the capitalists prevent them from unit Ing. And so long as they are not unit ed neither can escape from the pres ent oppression of capitalism. And, when thus informed upon the principles and the program which is uniting the workers of the world, the farmer should find his place in the union and enter with us in the struggle that shall give us at last the f Co-operative Commonwealth. sewe.****e* .S************** The railroad, steamboat, telegraph, telephone, automobile and flying ma chine have to on down oil the geogra hpical boundry lines. With the dis appearence of natural boundry lines nation from nation become absurd. Modern inventions have made nat imentto be cherished in the breasts sentlional patriotism an artificial sent ment, to be cherished in the breasts of the lgnorant because of their ig norance, and to be blantly paraded forth by the capitalists for selfish end