*_FOREIGN.
N r.w \ ouit, APRIL 8
Important front Spain—By the brig
Active, C»|il. Motile, the editor* of the
Commercial Advertiser have received filet
of the Gib-alar Chronicle to the 28:h of
February. It appears that the Spanish Cor
ies, contrary to the rec iimnendation of the
King, adopted, on the 12th of February, the
opinion of their committee relative (o vend
ing Commissioners to South America , and,
the day following, they further approved of
the following three additional propositions,
viz: That the Cortes should annul the Cor
dova Convention between Gen. O'Uonoju
and the Mexican leader Iturbide, as also a
ny other treaty, act, or stipulation, relative
to the acknowledgment of the independence
of Mexico by the *ame general; that the gc.
▼eminent be urgad to declare to other gov
eminent*, that Spain has not given up her
right to her province*, beyond the teas ; and
that, iheieforc, she icilt consider as a viola
tion of the eristing treaties, the partial or
absolute achnout led merit of their indepen
dence before the deferences between them
and the mother country shall have been ad•
justed', and lastly, that government be like
wi<eurgeJ to endeavor, by every possible
mean*, to preserve, and spredily to rein
force, such points in those countries, as still
maintain their relations with the mother
country, and refuse to make a common cause
with ,Me malcontents* On the I tth. the
King closed the session, and is said to have
exi ;< d hii-iAeif highly satisfied with the
leg * measures adopted by the Assem
bly, ii he conceived them to have so greatly
promoted .hr work of the political regener
ation of Spam, tfiat a lew more efforts of the
same nature must brng it to the very acme
Of perfection.
The Gibraltar papers continue to detail
th&rintous proceedings of the brigands in
the interior of Spain; but the government
does not seem to be under any apprehension
as to the consequences.
Intelligence has been received at Gibral
"ter, 'hat the furious veteran, Ali Pacha,
seemed nearly at his last gasp. He is said to
have only 400 men left, and that they are
atiiicted with the .curvy.
I'he Turks continue to hold possession of
I’atra*, making frequent sorties on the
Greeks, from whom they carry off consider
able booty. In the mean time, the war con
tinued to be oqa of extermination, and the
most horrible Ixcesses are said to he practi
sed by botli of lie contending parties.
”-H -TS
VERY LATE FROM ENGLAND.
New YORK, aprii. 11.
rl he packet ;hip Columbia.Cnpt. Rogers, nr*
riwo this afternoon from Liverpool, whence
*!>e sailed the 34 March. By thin arrival
the editors of the Commend;! Advertiser
have received copious files of English papers
aoci prices Current to the day of her sailing.
, Several petitions have been presented in
House of C nnmon« from the radicals in
tiiff-ieot parr* ot the kingdom in favor of
Hunt, confined in Ilcliester gacl.
I he French Minister of War lias publish*
ed a letter honorably exculpating the 72d reg*
intent of artillery from any participation in
the conspiracy of Nan.es. 'l’he Minister con
siders, thar all fears of internal commotions J
io France have wholly subsided.
The debates on the various parts of the law
respecting ih» press in France have finally
closgd in vhe Chamber of Deputies. The
votes on the adoption of the law were, uyea
219, nays 137 majority 82.
Some do»bts are en ertained whether the
laws re tricring the pres? in France would be
adapted by the Chamber of Peers, as they
hi1 • “ssed 'he Chamber of Deputies.
'■'i • oumota! papers are devoid of much
interest An article dated Frank fort, Feb.
i7. says, that Prince Cantacuzerte was on
his way t0 St. Petersburg, charged with a
mi*s;on on the part of the provisional gov
ernment of Greece established at Aigos, to
implore the support of the emperor Alexan
der lor the independence of the Greeks, and
to submit to ihe Russian government the de
cision agreed toby the Congreisef Argos on j
the subject of the introduction of a inonar- I
chial constitution, the bases of which are on
ly Co he established with the concent of the
great European powers. Letters from Vi
enna a nounce that great events may be tr
jKcted in March, and that war between Jius
sia and the Forte appears inevitable bat
a thousand letters have said go before.
The Spanish Cortes have recently decreed
that Kll Spanish vessels employed in the slave
trade arc to be forfeited, and the owners, fit
ters out, masters, and officers, condemned
to fen year*’ hard labor on the public works.
All foreigners entering Spanish ports with
•lave? on board shall be liable to the same
penalties; and ail slaves found on board shall
be set free. We trust these regulations will
be seriously can led into effect.
Mr. Wilmot, the British under Secretary
of Stale, has denied, in the House cf Com
mom, a statement which appeared in the
London Globe, «bat instruo'ion* had been
•enitothe West Indian I stand, that the peris
should be opened to the direct trade of the
United S’ate?, upon the principles <>f reclpro
cify proposed by the American government.
A rumor prevailed at the R>yal Kxrbang®,
on the evening of Feb. 27. th»; the bank will
• t length b- induced to discount paper at four,
instead of five per cent.
SITUA TION Ol- I it ISLAND.
The slate of unhappy IreUnd continnei to
grow more and more iteplornhle. We cannot
possible give esfracts this evening, mid rm»<«t
content ourselves by stating briefly, that
murder*, ro‘ beries, and burnings, become
more frequent evety week: and the commit*
sion of tkt&e crimes continues to be attended
by the most aggravated circumstances. In
the mean time, the strong arm of the govern
men? has thus f*r b?en exerted in vain to re
press the blond-chilling outrages.
Th< Special Commissions at Cork b*d just
dosed their *e« jirr.,a»d, on the last day,.ten
fence of death war parted on Ihhty five of
the White hoys! >1 any were sentenc'd to
be tnn p-.rte.,\ S .me of he w >ret «.f the of
fenders were ordar.-d for an e«rly execution: I
and it was disttnc'ly * ate«l, that the pardon
ing -ower would not be extended to nop yf
them, unless u change wa« efF-cted in M>e
t>;»po*ttion and conduct of the people, so that
<tat>(ju lity -b mid be restored. Thr<eof the
tfoir'y five were recommend?d to merry by
tl*s jury
T he S*»ir of i}»p 12th Fell. *!n?r« ffiat
Ike floyal A ivprit una given on flip 11,
to tft - Jri«!r Ininrreciion Bill, and to
(be /J ^tas Coi pus Su?psc*ioo Acf.
FOREIGN KEWS.
Our advice* from Europe, to day, are two
d»y» later—thry present very little of impor
tance respecting the politic* of Europe. The
accounts from Ireland continue to he rerious
and alarming; ar.d, it is doubled whether
the increased terrors of the law will be com
petent to restore tranquility to that distracted
country. The liish Insurrection bill, which
received the royal assertion the 11th of Ee
brnary, it is stated, give* to Magistrates a
right to enter into the most retired afld deli- 1
cats part of any dwelling house, and, if refu
sed admittance, to force the chambers even
of females. By this Act, any man found out
of his hnj«e between son set and son rise, a
r.y person found drinking in a public house <
in the same period; whether a traveller or
not—any owner or occupier of a house, ab*
sent from home within the same period—any i
person in whose possession either arms or
ammunition are found—all these aie liable to
transportation for seven year*; and this too '
without the iwerference of a Grand Jury by ,
Bill—without ihe Hetty Jury by their verdict,
and w ithout allowing the aggrieved party a.
ny satisfactory appeal—Fed. Gaz.
SPAIN AND SOUTH AMERICA.
We are indebted to o«r respective corres*
pondents in New York, for the following
important information, received ny the brig
Active, in a short passage from Gibraltar
It will be seen, that Spain has not relinquish
ed her claims to the province* in South Ame*
rica—that she has annulled the convention
made between O’Donoju and Uurbide, which
wa* intended to establish the independence
of Mexico, and that she will consider, “as a
violation of the existing treaties, t >e partial |
or absolute acknowledgement of the inde» J
pendency of the provinces, before the difleren*
cea between them and the mother country,
shall have been adjusted.”
Spain, distracted in her council, by petty
factions—her army insubordinate—her navy
annihilated, and her treasury exhausted, can
have to expect from a contest with the i
consolidated powers of those who, individu*
ally, were enabled to establish their freedom,
the blessings of which having heen once en»
joyed, can be relinquished but with life.—
The capacity of the South American pro
viuces, to maintain their independence of
Spain, every one conversant with their af
fair*,will readily admil;-huw far the cupidity
of other powers in Europe, or fears for the
consequences of the example on iheir own
colonies or subjects, may influence them to
aid Spain in dictating term* to South Ame
rica, time only can determine.—lbtd
At a meeiing of gentlemen at Dumfries,
Scotland, to celebrate the anniversary of the
birth day ot Robert Burn*, the following
toast whs given by Mr. liarkness; “The
health of Washington Irving, the author of
the Sketch Book” — £‘A transatlantic writer,
to whom we are indebied for one of the rich
est and most varied intellectual repasts which
perhaps has ever been served op to the vota
ries of literature; and who has embalmed his
memory in a work, which will float his name
to after ages in a noble stream of melodious
prose.”
Richmond, a run, 12.
CIRCUIT COURT.
Case 0/ A. JLil/igoxv—Eleven indictments
were found true billsby the Grand Jury—
There were seven others not presented to
them. Each of those indictments was foun
ded upon distinct checks, which A. Ltthgow
was charged with misusing; and eacii indict
ment contained several counts, varying the
charge against him,- one count, for instance,
charging him with embezzling the check,
another with stealing the money, ^c.
The 1st indictment on which he was fried,
related to a check drawn by Mr. Bartow,
bookseller of this city.—The jury were hung
— and they have not yet agreed upon a ver
dict. This jury have now been detained
from their business and families for 16 days
— roost of them farmers too, and at this most
interesting season of the year—no man be
lieves that they zcill agree at all upon a ver
dict, and it they do, it will not be worth, us
Sw ift says “a cherry stone,-” for one of the
jurymen has withdrawn himself from his
companions tivo or three times, has gone
home, and been as often brobght back by the
authority of the oonrt. Yet, in spite of all
these objections, the jury were to be kepi to
gether, until the adjournment of. the court,
(which, fortunately lor them, is to take pluce
to Hay.)—Such, however, is the law,- such
is th<*‘-perfection of human rev-on,0 com
pliment surely which ii cannot deserve, so
long as it retains the slightest relic of feudal
barbarism.
The 2d indictment on which A. L. was
arraigned, related 10 a check for$7C0. drawn
by Messrs. R. Abbait, jr. Go. which bid
been paid in the bank, and deposited in the
co.-tooy ol A. L. &c.—This 2d trial commen
ced <;n last Saturday week—the evidence
look a wide sweep—* variety of witnesses
were let in to prove what had bren the re.
sources and expenditures of Mr D. Weis
iger. (a principal witness azait.st him, am)
wr»o rau open isi 1 eiicr of the Bank,) and
what l.ad b*en the meant and expenses of the
prisoner himself. On Saturday last, the
testimony closed— Mi. 1\ N Nicholas then
opened the case on behalf oflhe prosecution
— Geo Taylor follow, d on behalf of the ac
cused. On Tuesday last, Mr. C. Johnson
closed the defence, and on Wednesday, the
At'orney General, Mr Kobertson, concluded
on Mia part of the prosecution.--The jury
then retired, and in a few minutes brought
?n the following verdict: “We oflhe jury
find the prisoner guilty of larceny of the mo
ney and bdjiK notes mentioned in the last
count of this indictment, and we ascertain
his term of imprisonment in the public jail
snd penitentiary house, tn be nrre year: And
we find him nut guiliy of the other charges
alleged against him in the said indictmcr t”
1 hjj verdict is lishlr* to the exceptions
whith were taken by the prisoner’s counsel
to certain decisions made by the court du
ring the progress of the trial. These will go
up to the General Court of June next—un
less a motion io air°rt of judgment, should
succeed. This mounn will be founded upon
an alleged Haw in the indictment—“Bank”
being left out in the particular count imme
diately after the woid “Farm* rs.” Mr.
Johnson will make the motion this morning.
Yesterday, Judge Bro-kenbrou^h passed
sentence npnn the following person* ; John
Barrett, convicted of gmnd larceny, to 18
months imprisonment in the penitentiary:_
.»ohn. I’uMer, for the same oflenre, 3 years :
— Bey,on Bayne, for the same, 3 >ers» ;
— Bichard Cooper, for the same, the same
time,. —and C harles Word, for malicious
stabbing, 2 year*.
ST. MARY S CHURCH.
1 Philadelphia, April 10.
The public are pretty generally acquainted J
with the fact, (fiat an unfortunate dispute
exists among the members of St Maiy’s !
Church in relation to the rc*. Mr. Hogan,
and that yesterday was the day on which an
election for trustees was to be held.
From the bitterness and violence which
have marked the course of this unhappy dis
pute, and from the importance that was at
tached by both parties in the church to this
election, the public inind was prepared, in
some measure, fur the disgraceful scene
which ensned. It appears that a number of
persons wearing badges, and armed with
clubs, got possession of the church yard early
in the morning, and put additional fasten*
ingt on the gate.
Several hours before the time appointed
for opening the election, a crowd of persons,
members of the church, as well as citizens
from curiosity, t>agan to collect, so that the
streets leading to the church became literally
blocked up—About 9 o’clock the iron railing
in front of the church gave way, by accident,
it is said, owing to Che pressure of the crowd.
The persons from the outside then began to
pass in, when a conflict with clubs, stones
and brick-bats commenced, which continued
with the utmost fury un'il the arrival and
interference of the mayor, sheriff and the !
constables put a slop to it. After being I
disarmed by the police, the persons who had
had possession of the church yard, retreated
to hifth street, where they were met by a
number of the opposite parly, and the battle 1
was renewed.
We have not heard of the loss of any lives; j
but a number of persons were seriously hurt,
some of whom were immediately carried to
the hospital. Some of the most conspicuous
of the rioters have been committed to prison.
The disturbance continued about three hours.
“The epectacle (says the National Ga
zette) was hideous and scandalous. Such
scenes cad for the most energetic efforts on
the pari of the municipal authorities. They
reflect disgrace upon the cause of religion,
and when suffered to continue, bring discre
dit and disaster upon the whole community.'’
The cont-st terminated, we are informed,
in the choice of trustees friendly to the rev.
j Mr. Houan.— Sent,
The following account of tho election in !
St. Mary s Church, Philadelphia, from the
Democratic Press, will enable the public to
understand the contradictory statements
heretofore published relative lo the election
of Trustees.
“ it appears that on Sunday lost, agreea
bly to the act of incsrporation, immediately
after d'nine service. the Rev. Mr Hogan,
from the alter, annoteced tht>t on the follow- j
ing Tuesday, betwest the hou r» of II and I, !
an election tor eight Trusiees would be held
at the Church of St. Mary’s, it further ap
pears that a considerable number of persons,
supporter? of the bi.-hap, were early in the
morning in the grave jard, in which stands
the church. In the morning about G o'clock j
those in favor of the present Trustees as- j
semtded in Fourth-street in front of the
church. The two parlies were now separa
ted only by a cast iron railing about six feet
high, raised on a pamptl about four feel high.
Owing to the extreme pressure from without
this rai ing was overtimed and blows and
brick-bat j were quickly interchanged. This
lasted for about 10 or 15 minute-, when the
Mayor of the city, accompanied by some
peace officers, enlered the church yard by
the gate on Fourth street. To the credit of
both parties tie it said, tkey submitted at once
to authority.
The party in Fourth itreet now, about !0
o'clock, represented to the Mayor that they
had chosen th-ir Judges but that the olher
pariy would not allcw them to enter the
church. The mayor immediately directed
way to he made for th« Judges ot the elec
tion and they entered tie church and placed
themselves at the wind>w on the S. side to
receive votes as roon a> the election should
be opened, it wus new respectfully repre*
settled to the Mayor fiat the persons thus
put in asjudges wire «ot legally chosen, in
asmuch as the Judges ly law should not be
chosen until li o’clock Tho Mayor ex
pressed his desire that every thing should be
done, not only peaceHy, but legally. So
soon as II o’clock anived, Judges of the e
lectiun were proposed aid elected by the par
ry in ihe chuich-yard. These judges procee- 1
tied into the church, th« iudges who had been f
elected in i'ourtb street leaving me windows j
on the south side of th: church, they were
• aken po?jesjion of by he Judges elected in
the yard, while those vho had lircn elected
in f ourth street took p'sse-ion of the win
dows on the north sidr of the Church.
I he iudges on both sides received the
votes which were offnt'd until 1 o'clock at J
which lime, agreeab j to law, the poll clo- i
sed. During all this lime the mod perfect j
tranquility prevailed. The votis were now |
summed up on both sides, but from some
hurry, irregularity or inadvertence in the
officers, the votes takjn on the north irio
were not added to thoie taken on the sou'll,
nor those taken on the south side added to
those taken on the north.
IS in rrntn.pnl.il 11. . i <1.. :_3__it_
south side proclaimed that they had taken
509 vote* for the Trustee* friendly to the
liishop and » t vote* for the Trustee*
friendly to Mr* Hogan «nd that tborefore
the Trustees friendly to the Bishop were e
lected by a majority of 463. The names of
the clerical troreea were then announced.
Immediately ober till* the fudges of the
north side of the church proclaim' d that the
Trustee* friendly to Mr. Hogan, were elec*
ted by a majority of 287 and that the Trustees
had re-appointed Mr. Hogan, I’ailor of the
Church.
Thu* it appear* that two set* of Trustees
arc declared elected, of course the matter
will go before the Supreme Court, when the
whole subject will be investigated »nd right
ond justice be administered according to law
We presume the list of votes, tickets, tally
papers, &c, <$c. will be required.
The Tcgia'alure nf Virginia, have rrjtcled
the petilinn of a Mr Leflwich, who »’*u-«
in it. thaf he laleiy intermarried with Mi**
Holds Hackworth, the sister of his former
wife, ( not knowing at that time that such
marriage wa* ir.hihit«-«4 by the law* of (he
state, ) and praying that the said marriage
may be declared lpg*l and valid, and that a
presentment which had been made against
him, by a Grand Jury, in c n*fqupnce there*
of, may he dismissed. Such marriage* a*
i dime mentioned above, are common in Ma**
sachusetts, and are considered valid and le*
I
WINCHESTER:
SATURDAY. April 20///, 1822.
ENTEUFRIZB OF THE EAST.
We were gratified with the novel sight of
a heavily laden waggon, with ten yoke of oxen
attached to it, pt&sing through our town on
Wednesday last. The owner was an enter
prising New Englander, Orotn Berkshire,
Massachusetts, 100 miles west of Boston,) and
has undertaken the completion of 10 miles of
thfc Kenhawa Turnpike. He was accompanied
by several hardy sons of the Bast as laborers,
and we learnt from \tiin that the whole work
which he has undertaken will be executed by
persons brought specially for the purpose from
Massachusetts; another party being a few days
march in the rear.
His waggon _was well loaded with every
species of implemenlK for the business he has
engaged in. We shall not give vent to the
feelings which this circumstance has given
rise to ; but will only observe, that, as Vir
ginians, we feel ourselves humbled at the idea
that our own citizens are so deficient in the
requisite qualities for completing a work of
the nature referred to, as to be reduced to the
humiliating alternative of travelling 3 or 400
miles to procure persons properly qualified
for the undertaking
——
[For the Gazette.1
PETER’S LETTERS TO IMS KINS
FOLK IN ENGLAND.
No. 3.
Dear Cousin:—
If ynu are conversant with
the sentiments promulgated by Janaon con
cerning this country, you will remember
that he holds up the Americans to ridicule,
for that fondness for rodomontade, which he
says was so v«ery conspicuous in their public
speakers, both oral and iciiptoral. You will
probably remember the specimens he gives of
some of the Fourth of July Orations which
he heard, as confirmatory of his opinions on
that head. I cannot, indeed, gainsay u great
deal that he itas been pleased to soy on that
subject. 'I here cei tainly is too much ground
for cen«nr«. Not only do we find that such
was their predilection for this svjfiata oratio,
in the time of Janoun, but even at the pre
sent day. It would, however, ( think, be
doing the Americans great injustice, were I
to say that their otalorv has not undergone a
conriderable change for the better, since Jan
son wrote his ’‘Stranger in America.” If
we compare the Fourth of July Orations or
his day, with those of the ptesenl, we shall
easily perceive that Ihe.ei* much less reason
for complaint than formerly. It is not, how
ever, perhaps altogether fair to lake these
anniversary speeches as specimens of the ora.
tnrical talents of the Americans. In do
ing »o we have not fair entered to
direct our judgments. It is a fact, that
these Birth Day and Fourth of July O.
rations are generally allotted to juvenile
speakers,—to some incipient lawyer, or un
fledged litcratcur, Hence it will frequently
happen.—nuy, hat frequently happened —
that, in the height of his enthusiasm and po
triotic zeal, a ycung speaker will pay, and
has paid, less attention to the matter than to
the style and manner of his Oration; has
suffered his feeling* and hi* imagination to
carry him beyond himself; and afforded loo
much room for the la-h of criticism. Bui
the orations of some of the greatest men in
the country will, J think, go far to redeem
the American orotmg from the charge of a
destitution tf originality and an affection
for bombast—which have been often pre
ferred against them. The recent oration of
the present Secretary of Stete (the lion.
John Quincy Adams) will, 1 think, not dis
grace the rhetorical talents of this country;
nor suffer by any comparison, however strict,
with any European production cf modern
limes. Apropos of this oration, pray tell
me, what say the ciitics of London and Edin
burg? The critics uf this country have, I
think, for several months ceased to make
its merits the subject of their investigation.
Of Phillips’ speeches there are still many
admirers in this country ■ and. indeed,_what
1 presume will not surprize you,_some
rile imitators k parodists. One writer the
celebrated Paul Allen. Editor of a daily pa’per
published at Baltimore, is said to be the au
ihur of a very humorous parody on that pari
of our orator’s spfech, wherein he describes
the character of Bonaparte, beginning w^th
‘‘He is fallen.*’ You will find it in one of
the News papers lent herewith; and, onleis
your di»gu»t with the impudent parodies of
Hone, oo the liturgy of our venerable nation
al church, shall have put you out of love with
that species of writing, I think you cannot
fail to laugh heailily at the facetious descrip
tion of Borschio Bibbler, commencing with i
i I" !» I UUiltCU .
Hut. my dear Cousin! it is not only true
that our Hibernian orator has been parodied,
he has also been imitated—not very success
fully I own. 1 h*ve now brfore me a print
ed speech of an American lawyer, (a great
admirer of Mr. Phiiiips, and, perhap?, I
might add, one that resembles him in another
respect, as being more thewy than solid) in
whtcfi I find a considerable portion not only ]
of the ideas and metaphors, but even of the
very language of Phillips—the latter being |
(proh pudor!) without any acknowledgment. I
Hut I leave Mr. Phillips, and the imitators
and parodists of him in this country. You
will remember that I was not in the number
of his ardent admirer* in Hngland; that I
held with the I'ldinburg R»viewer», in think*
ing his fame ephemeral; and, with the moral
sense of the Lrgiish nation, in condemning I
some of bis speeches as bordering ontheob* i
scene. That he possessed a great deal of i
sarcastic wit. and undoubted genius cannot,
however, be denied by his severest enemies; |
but, I submit to yonr good sense and candor, '
whether the wit of Phillips was like that J
which the. accomplished Lord Lyttelton as* <
cribes to his departed “Lucy.”
A wit that, temperately bright,
With inoffensive light.
All pleasing shone; nor ever pass’d i
The decent bounds that wisdom’s sober hand, !
And sweet benevolence's mild command
And bashful modesty before it cast.
Hear Cousin/ until I write to you again,
•d'pu. HRITANNICUS.
Monody on the death of Lady Lyttelton
P. S. You remember something o'. Mr
i
Pinkney, the Cicero of the American J;,.
'I'hat great and accompli<hrd orator is
more. 1 put pose to give you »oine account
of kirn in my next Epistle, whilst ( %lll
treating of American oratory.
DIRECTIONS HOW TO USE
Gideon Davit's Improved Ploughs.
These Ploughs will work best without the
coulter in every situation where thete is no
sod, (or sward,) such as eloverlay, stubble or
stock ground., newlaod, &c„ The fore part
of the mouldboard is made to rise in an easy
circular form, so that with it, a team can
raise op and break roots, that it would n ^b<*
able to cut with a coulter. By some lbia
may be thoaght only theory, but when ever
realized, it will be found to* be a tact. The
throat is made broad, which prevents trash
from lapping so short on it, hanging and
digging »o much inconvenience as it com 1
mon. It is also made to incline forward at
the top in the circular form, which p^jjfenie
sods, or any thing else from jamming fast un«
der the beam, so that these ploughs wbeu
worked without the coulter, seldom ever
choke.
The first thing necessary in putting them
to work is to rub and clean the mould board
until it will scour, then it will keep clean bv
its own operation—in some situation* it wi.}
require considerable attention, in others bui
very little; until tbe mouldboard does scour
the plough will not werk or turn to any
kind of sati.laclion. It would be be.t to
use them at first without the coulter, untij
they wear smooth in the throat, then tbe
dirt will not stick between the coulter and
and mouldboard.
Secondly, where it is found necessary to use
the coulter, if it it a clean sod (or sward.) set
the point of the coulter about half an inch to
land, and only just deep enough tocutthrough
the sod—in that situation the plough will run
the easiest But if there is roots, or stone that
get under the coulter, so as to be in the way,
then let the coulter down until the point
comes below tbe top of the share, still keep
ing it to land, as above, then the plough wiH
run clear. °
I lurdly, some of these ploughs are made
to adjust—that is to work after either two,
or three horses abreast; this may be known
by seeing a block of wood between the han~
die and the beam, which, when it is jn the
plough is tbeu set to work after three horses
by taking the block out, and drawing the
beam up to the handle the plough is then
set to run after two horses abreast, and may
be used with one, or two horses before .wo
or one, or more yokes of oxen. If the team
should walk very wide (as some do) and the
plough incline to take too much land, pot
a thickness of leal her between the hanCle
beam,4* so repeat it till it works just right.
If the team should crowd to the furrow, sp
that il.e plough would not incline to take
land enough, take some off the beam.whera
it rests against the handle—by that means
these plough* rnav be >el to work just to soil
the team. In order to set the plough to run
deeper, or shallower, raise or lower the ring
:n the clevis, move the back bands, &e.
With each plough thtre is a screwdrive
fixed in the clevis with which the plough
man can tase off or put on the irons at
pleasure, or if tho wood should shrink, the
stock being put together without mortice or
tennon, but with iron screwbolts he cat*
draw it up all tight and firm.
It would be best in most situations, to hav®
two shares to each plough, that one
might be in operation white the other is re
j paired. Any tolerable blacksmith can mak£
[ and lit those kind of shares, as thev
| are the easiest made of wrought iron
or iron and steel. *
From experience 1 have found that flax*
, seed oil, alone, is much better to preserve
wood, where it is much exposed to the wea
ther, than when mixed with any kind of
paint, (except there i» much more pains ta.
ken in laying it on, at first, than common.;
It the husbandmen could be persuaded to
supply themselves with a brush and oil, and
occasionally l.y a coat on their implements,
it would add very much to their durability’
and be found but li tile expence or trouble!
i hose that have not paid attention to this
subject, could hardly believe how Ihe cil
will penetrate the wood, and how much it
will tend to its preservation.
the adjust/.vg shovel p£bucu:
This implement being so entirely differ
ent from those in common u*e, it is generally
presumed that they will not operate at all, or
at least, any thing like perfection, but »o far
as they have been used, they are in com
mon very much approved. In working
with the concave part forward, they work the
ground deeper, and pulverise it finer than
the common shovel plough does, and leaves
it neaily even on the top- 'I he shovel bein
made of castiron, it will be found neces
sary, in using them Bt first, to rub and
clean the shovel until it will scour, as
the plough will not work until it does. If
the land is clear of grass, roots, &c. that
would lap on the edge of the round shovel
and prevent it from going in, then it wit!
work quite pleasant, it not, put on the square
one, with the corner down, and when one
corner or part wears dull, lose the shovel
-nd turndown another, and so repeat the
process nntil the shovel is entirely worn
out—and it will he found that the cast iron
is milch cheaper than wrought iron—If it i»
found that the shovel stands too, flat, or lo7*
erect, loose the legiron cm which the shovel
is fastened, and put a bit of leather or wood
above or beta*, so as tp give it the proper
ir»UI MMJlIt/Tl.
I »lso make machines for cutting straw,
hay, storks, &c. either to feed themselves*
( price g 20, ) or be fed by hand ( at
15^), such as 1 tbir k are the mo»t serviceable
ni any that 1 have seentjbeing the strongest,
simplest, and the easiest kept in order, ami
I believe will operate as easy, and can l»<s
wrought with as liule skill, as any machine
possibly can, that will do as much business.
I likewise make Iron Sneads (or handles)'
for grsss scythe*, which J think highly wnrrti
recommending—They ore quite as pleasant
to work with as wood, and when the scythe
grassnail, &. nibs are all wedged tight, wot oj™*
dry, they need no more tinkering, so ihtS earn
husbandman can judge of their utility—.
Price, with the scythe ready hung, 3 dollar*,
without the scythe, $\ and 75 cents.
GIDEON DAVIS, Manufacturer.
Georgetown, ( l>. C. ) April ZO
A Plough of tho above description,
has been for some weeks in use on ihn
Parish farm, in thin County, The wri*
ter of this has several times witnessed
its operation, end deems it but Tyttieft.