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K5V on P- f 111 iff --it UNION. THE CONSTITUTION AND Til E LAWS THE GUAKDIINS OP OUR LIBERTY. Vol. XXIX. i. r iin iv i: d. i: da v, i) Ki-cn o i:it is, 14 8. tt 1 1, 1 1 . 1 1 I P IK rJ Til Uillila 0 -'V ft I i I I J II i II- I 1 Til Pr eldest ef til United Elites, I 11 " 5 Under the benignant Providence of Al- mifhir Ood, tlttr representaiives of the 1 leieoMrse wiib the government of that re- IpuMN m been ibe most IneuUly cua ! . ri. I" I: . from th seal of iLe federal gotetBment. its different corps reread erer a tut ex lent of territory, hundred n.d even iIm M blister Plenipotentiary of the I'uiu-d j and of miles apart ft a each otto, no Stairs to Mexico hat been receded ami j thing short tf it untiring vigilance and aud accredited; and a diplomatic reprcsenta-; extraordinary energy of these officers their frtat importance aid value, tie from Mexico of similar lank baa been . could lave mailed them to nrotida ihe : . .. 1--- 1 1 .. . - . Tfili'M 10 iHirMlr arul a our pwleri j are eoiref pondiri1j ineteaed , This It the nore Liiu when we rratfidet ile tart addiitone hirh hae Lern ietent It Dtade to our trrriloii! rwaefiit, and Widtia Ina ?a Unit yeara tle anoexa . .. I-.. t -t I .. . . . I ' rrrcucu , m acrrru ico wy wis gotem- armj at all p.ii.U, arul in proper wca,ion of Texa to the I'omhi has hern e- menu i ue amirw Riuiou tiin aruh afl that a loured for tU must :u!uitl : U roCirtiiiX uile to ibe Ore- .. rvun, r, t f mf irw fiff , . , . H, w Trrriiry smiih of die forty ninth U peiMW hart teen liappdy restored, aud j It is but an art .f jueuee to df flare, that $ntu( b,u bUiode, being all tluU was in are destined, I irutt, to be long prmred. tl.e offirera in ehsrga of the serenJ ,,Utl on by wit of my prleeesrs, has I he two republics,, bet!) situated on this entire bureaus, all nndrr the irnmrdiaie Veo aljusirl; and New Metieeaml lTp eontiiitnt. nd with eeriniiMus trrrhVeyt and auperrisi n of the Secretary of t:hf.r.ia liave been aecuired by lre ' -jwjRiu.j piiu, ttsr, prnuruHu wwir rrptriie mwi.ir, The area of the several Territories. witn auduy. energy and efiicienry. J Hey tweording to a repwt earrfully prepared by M,Vs and the peojje are .pin brought aen to 1,0 J lUta lwSeU,e,r n PrI timthrr to oeiibmte tor ine puHie good. r .r ' .., V" " ,. . , . nl. r ih. ..I'M.. .).. ...J fbisgraufiing endiuon of our foreign . i -r .it i . .I....H ; reUlion renders it uuueeessarr for me to its nerds in battle, than ihrir mmnanions ; I,;. ..:...s ...i -11 . .- .-... I. . ... . . . ' can your auenoon luoie speciucaiiy tp, in arms; tui without their torreast, emlantoiiiied,eontains one million one hiw have reaped ley of the glory pf the war. ju.t Conimiwner of tlie Gem-rid land not having bern perstimdly exposed to imrm ri.un iU ninl.fniii-rnnm.iu.a personally esposrd tr'&n Arbiter of alt human ecnu, should be commensurate with the boundless bless aea whirh w enjor. ". y . N . Si rare, plenty, ana eontentmenl reign ; Odlre ft out die inoit niithentie inlbrmatioa wliH-h t herewith rle to the world. i ' n w""1' abroad, constitute the true The trolled and unwilled eondithm ! irr,uancnl H'T ! r country. War, iino rriHtro ui uhihhip, uiucunirs rcrnnie them. - : . . ; .- . icient aid. and eo-oneraiion. thie in the! JJ u.i ;.! ii,....nii .,t .;. It ha beeu my consUnt aim ind desire . field would not hate been proi Uled with : jjt,e squaie miles, or seven hundred aud ihire iiiiliHHi five hundred and fifty HiMtid and lone seres; while the inmtieW our borders, and our beloved)10 ?''''l fnmerce with all j the ample mcana they rHedefachicrlfii,y u, r-antJy paaenta a sublime moral specta- j ',aI,,0" . 1 nntf 'J eare. ting for iknselrer and their country the j 6iae Urn uwauing nonors w im n of some of the principal European pow rr ha had s necessary tendrney to check and emtarrats trad, and to di-press pri- .i i ii - : i but notwlthlitiding thene causes, the I'm ted Si:ite. with' their ahtindant pmducts, hive felt thHr effects less severely - than any other country, and all our gieat Inter ert are still prnperous and successful. In reviewing the great events of the pM year, and contrasting the agitated and disturbed state of other countries with our own happy tranquil and condition, we may congratulate ouraehes that we are ihemot favored people on the face of the earth. ' While the people of other eoun ineviutde, but is always to be avoided when it can be done consistently with the , , rights and honor of the nation. - . j One of the most important results of the war into which we were recently for ced w ith a neiehhoring nation, is trie de monstration it has afforded of the military strenKib of our eotmiry. Before tlie Ute wsr with Mexico, Kuropean and other fo reign I'nwers entertained imperfect end erroneous views of our physical siren th as a nation, aud of our ability to prosecute war, and especially a war waged out of onr own country. They saw that our standing army on the peace establishment aide staple commodities, and her commer cial adii)tge. must soon male her oe of our most populous states. New Mexico, though situated ! in tlte in terior, and without a eeacoast, is known to contain niucb fin tile land, to aUnind in rich mines of the precious metal, and to bm rapaUe of sustaining s large population. From Us posiiion. it is Ute totefmediate and connecting leiriiory bet ween our set dements and our pnssVsios in Texas, and those on the IVifie cuat. , -Upper California, irrespective of tlie vast mineral wealth recently developed hk-h ould result fioua such an sfal4isi. aurnt, wobld by that of raiiii( t e gld to its par value in that lerritmy. A bntneb Oiini of the IJoitcd Slates at the great com merfia! depot on the west c?at, would convert into our ow n coin not only the old derived from our own rich niinea.Hmt also tlie bullion and specie whu h our cum merce mar briug from the whole west coast of Central and South Amerira. The wst coast of A ujcrica and tlie adjacent interior embrace the richest and best mines of Mexico, New Crenada. Central Ameiica. Chili and 1'eru. Tl-e bullion and specie Irawn from ll cse countries, and especially there, holds at this d.y. in point of talue J"' "' '"9:'rZ and imporunee to theVst of the Union. I fmm ,,,ow f J"" 9!lASl liie same relation that liouiaiana did, , . , " . . . -ir l ul uoiivrB. inu now minuiiiii u nmi inu - . r . . - . France forty five years sen. Lxtendtng . , f , , ' ? . . . luini nnrl. In ho rei-nined nr rwif In nearly ten degrees of la'ittide along the Pacific, and embracing the only safe jnd commodious harbours on that coast for many hundied miles, with a temperate climate, snd an extensive interior of for tries are strnjrgling to establish free insti - " 'rec' thnowl men. Ac tntiona, under which man may govern ""tomed themselves to maintain in peace himself, we are in the actu J enjoyment of 'wndmg armies for the protection of them a rich inheritance from onr fathers. S thrones against their own subjects, as well While enliehtened nations of Europe are Jmt loreign enemica, they had not they have won for , ires of the remaiiiiiie twenty nine Stales. ! i!U !..,!.. It ! twMuil.U in iU - 1 . ' S 0 ' W SSS SIMe mw i . J" 'w "' W - Vlf't i e ' ' " - i i ludthe territory not yet organized into! mite its wealth until it shall be bronght , when these bets are considered, it may ' Slate east of tho Rocky mouutaiiia. ran ' ....ri.. iu .n.mnni of one and its cense to be a mailer of so much amaxe , bint two million fifty tune thousand five ' resources fully deveh petl. Fiom its post roent abroad, how it happened llwt oui hundred and thirteen equate miles, or thir- iion. it must command the rich commerce noble aimy in Mexico, regulars and . o feea hundred and eighteen million one bun-1 of China, of Asis, of the islands oT Uie luneers, were victorious upon eveiy bat-; dred and twenty six thouaud and fifty faeific, of Western Mexico, of Central tie field, howe ver fearful tlie odds against tight acres. These estimates show that the ! a meiict, the South Ameiican Stales, snd lbe"J -Vt .--'. f '4 ' JleiritoriesrerentlyBcquirl.Hndoverwhkli of die Kussian possessions bordering on J he war with Mexico has thus folly, out exclusive jurisdiction and dominion ' that a, k ai mnnrSiim ill dnuht. coast. impor dennl nf gr usually attributed to more arbitrary acquisition. If Oregon be excluded from the vast commerce which must exist on forms of government. It has b.en usual the estimate, there will still remain with the Pacific will probably be at some for writers on puUic law 10 impute to in the limits of Texas, New Mexico, and point on the bay pf 3an Francisco, and republics a wain of that unity, concentre- California, eiirht hundred and fifty one will oecunv tho aama reiation to tha lion of purpoite, and vigor of execution,' Uiotisand fits hundred and n'u)ety' eight ' whole western coast of that ocean, as tt. I . . m a S a wmcn ate generally aummeu 10 oeiong 10 grjuare miles, of five hundred aud forty developed the capacity of republican go , have been extended, constitute a country less speedily arise on Ute Californianc vernments to prosecute successfully a jnst' more thaa half aa large as all that which ! which mf be destiued to rival in ir and necessary foreign war with all the vi; was held by the Unijed States befote Uiejr Unee New Orleans itself. The dep sustain her National Hank, and thus con- tribute to increase her ability to command so much of the commerce of the world. If a branch mint be established at the great commerical point upon that coast, a vast amount of bullion and specie would flow thither to be rccoined. and pass thence to New Orleans, New York, and other Atlantic cities. '1 he amount of our con stitutional currency at home would be greatly increased, while its circulation abroad would be promoted. Ii is welt know to our merchants trading to CJij'ia and the west coast of America, that great inconvenience and loss are experienced from the fact that our coins are not curren I al their par value in those countries. -. The powers of Europe, far removed from the west coaf of America by the Atlantic ocean which intervenes, and by a tedious and dangerous navigation around the southern epe of the continent of convulsed and distracted by civil War or intestine strife, we settle aU our political controversies by the peaceful exercise of the rights of freemen at the ballot box. The great republican maxim so deeply engraven on the hearts of our people, that tlie will of the majority, constitutionally expressed, shall prevail, is our sure safe . guard against force and violence. It is a subject of just pride, that our fame and conceived that it was possible for a nation without such an army,; well disciplined and of long serv ice, to wage war success fully, s They held in low repute our mili tia, and were far, from regarding theiQ as an effective force, unless It might be for temporary defensive operations when in vaded on onr. own soil. The events of. the late war with Mexico have not only undeceived them, but have removed erro ; : I i J . character at a nation continue ranid y to ncousimprosiminwiiii-nprewaiiw. wbhmj advance in the'estimation of the eiilied e ent even m.jr,? ? wiHlk'&emhWV rr.-ro XrrZeTa" ed. Tat .n the breaking out of hostih- it is to be attributed, that while other na i f Vicinaled, ami for which no pre tions have achieved glory at the price of " . . ol. ment of their people, we honorable position in the midst of an tin r interrupted prosperity, and of an increas- v - - ? " , ing mdvidnkl co'mfort aud happiness. I M ' m flrleana does to the vallev of llie i . . . . . - t . . the monarchical and aris.oc.a.ic form.. fi.miir,ontwelvethou..ndvenhndred Mississippi wd Tthe gulf of Mexico. To 1 trsS we commerce and this feature of popular government, and twenty acres t beine an addition eoual derJ oue nume.ona whalo ahins will ile,,8,,e c0.m.merce V V 0Pcn.ed .to u" has been supposed to display itself more M more than one Uiinl of all the tertilorr w.rt with their eanroe. to trade, refit ! A rou.clueM co" ine aul!il"on - the suffering, distress, and imnoven.,,. . fo,(Hprg , ,0 nave won or - . - - , . . .,).. , i veteran in'opw. ami iu uuii"' iany emergency, can tn a ahort period be hroueht into the fild. Unlike what ing wdividna enmion auu ri''"'- ,,..., havc occurred in any other country, m happy to intorm you , ,n our n,- .... j no . 0freeorting to with all nations are frtemUy and pac.fie , conscriptions. On the con- Advantageous treaties oi comme cc , U.e number of volunteers been concluded wtth.n the la t four 3' trnM iheir services. with New Crenada. rem. ine two oici . , . ,. ,;-ir,mii,v wa. in makine se- lics, Belgium. Hanover. Oldenbitr : " jmin1ng who should be Mecklenburg S.hwen,,. l'rs,, ro(nllcd to rcinain at example, the restrtcttve system of G , Rre (in,ike . ilthose drawn from the population of any naiiwn reii.ini,.ii."-i .!..,... TIipv are coinnoscd III- t-ssions and pur- printers, phy particularly iu the conduct of a war cam owned by the United Stales before the and obtain snnnlies. This of itself will ed on in an enemy's territory. The ;ar, acquisition ; and including Oregon, nearly (argely contribute lo build up a city, which with Great Britain, in 1812, was, to a at creat an extent of territory aa the whole would sonq bepnme tl)S centre of a great great extent, confined within our own nf Europe, Russia only excepted. . The and rapidly increaalng eommpree. Situa mits, and shed but little light on this sub-, Mississippi, so lately the frontier of our- ted on a safe haibor.suflicienUv capacious ject. Uut the war which we have just, country, is now only its centre. f W hh for all the navies as well as the marine of closed by an honorable peace, evinces be Ute addition rf the Ute acquisitions, the the . world, and convenient to excellent yond all doubt that a popular represent, United States ate now estimated to be timber fot ship building, owned by the tie government is equal to any emergen-.j nearly as large as the whole of Europe. United States, it must become our great cy which is likely to arise n, the affairs, U is estimated by the superintendent of western naval depot. t ofa nation. , . . ., ,; .t t. the coast survey, in the accompanying rel It was knrtwn that mines of the precious ..The war wiih Mexico has developed. nori,that the extent or the T-j -jj. . mn.i i..LintK...,luin;i. Ii w.tnXtil fiZr hwidced uulejui jtimm a lJp.5 Roeot dMovrus rsm'sf ii probable that without cost to the goieniment or danger per California, on the Pacific, of nine these mines are more extensive and ve to our liberties, we have in the bosom of , hundred and seventy miles ; and of Ore Inahlethan was anticipated. I he accounts iety of freemen, available in a just g0n, including the straits oi i uca, oi six ol the aounuance oi gum in uia it,w,, cessary wai, virtually a standing hundred and fifty miles; making the are of cich an extraordinary character as California.' The vast importance and commercial advantages of t'alifornia have heretofore remained undeveloped by the government of the country of , which it constituted a part' Now that this fine province is a part of our country, all the Stales of the' Union, some more immediately and di rectly than others, are deeply interested in the speedy development of its wealtU and resouee. No section of our country - ii more interested, or will he more bene- Slates. Our plaiWffjf! .luE..As;iF.V rests of the Eastern States. Our planting; and farming interest in every part of tho. Union will be greatly benefitted by it. As our commerce and navigation are enlarged, . ....... i ... ' e :...!....! ami extenueu, our capon in iinm uuum our soc Xjm lCVfJ?9tl T w eas a s waay ej . j ' - 1 r ... X h,;ii;,lBa nf armed citixen whole extent of the seacoast on the Paci- would scarcely command belief, were they . . - i. -r .i i i l..l ...,l i..niv i l. .....! l.r .Via aiit1iriitift renor'.s I . . , r r..." !! i : Kokliers. such as luusnt uie uams w lie oue inousauu sia uuuui irau-"iiui"'v - . nrouucu anu oi maniacvurcs mm us nr 1 ' " I t -i.. ...i...t. tu.il. .r-K.. ika r.ul.reaerviie. who have . i .1. - .v... Mexico. f)..t n.'.lllir, .lrn rib does not con the Pacific and sist alone in our capaciiy for extended and tlimisand and twenty miles. The. length ZlZZriL onX land. The navy , of Uie cost on the Atlaiiuc frou, Uie uo, is an important arm of the national de fence. If the services not so brilliant as those I- l. t l.u MT,n - i r,:u ,W,rrT .0,. -'"t " ' V V"" ' ' " 1 .l:,prim5nil,ey r.f Jill prof liirlitened nations, ami wirmu- na- ...... - ir. uy rniajseu " .u" .ieians. merchants, mantil sianos nisncr 111 ioc iw " 1 at anr former nerioil. I o grea try world than continue to occupy this piond position, it it mdv nereiisarv to preserve peace, and faithfully' adhere to the great and fonda mental principles of our foreign policy, of the late war with Mexico, I miles, and the whole extent on both of officers in the public service, who have '.t.. iv-:.-- .! .1.. I'., If nf Uut'ipn Iwn il.a minarul diatriel. and derived ,119 U . v. . ..... .10, n u ...w The length the facts which they detail from personal observation. Reluctant to credit tne re- ern limits of the United States, around the ports in general circulation as to tne qnan the nmcer commanuing or visited tlie mineral or the purpose of f the national de- ern limits of the United States, around uie ports in general eircmam of the navy were Ca pes of Florida to the Sabine, on the tityofgold, the officer 1 se of the army in eastern boundary of Texas, is estimated forces in California vii ico it was because' to be three thousand one hundred miles; district in July last, foi acturers, me- rhanies and laborers t and this, not only .1 .Y" . I t n.ii til a cnltlipr. among me outcrr. uuum y -in ibe ranks. Our ciiixen soldiers are un like those of any other country in other resnects. They are armed, and have uoen i,..nit IV.iaw iKn.l m " -a 1 UMoaNa!arriiBiviiKu "ih non intericrence in in. uomcs n ... j ,m, n omer nations, ye recog... -"uflh.m .,n:nivintle western ,nher nations the rights which .WMnitAttnrsvenmnitn: ourselves, 10 change aim reionn ' r" j.... , ve a reputation to i;,i,i !...,:..,.;. nr,Vm to the r own 1 hev are mf" W,T . ' . 111. ra C9StU Vi'iSe will and pleasure. Hence we behind exisiinir ttovernments ,ft, ,heir fn by thgood e0,cti plies fnm the enemy, while they secured e do not fook ''J ,hm e7 m intelligent, and' I safe entrance Co, abundant supplies for s. capable of be 'Jl-mfmr. Our extended commerce " W there is an muivniny o. cn - , " -" ..lMMnlA1i ? .n,t for tbi. ka sas- .-"- - " - - 0 - - , a a . ! 1 .. .1 : a . " So :Kfn.rM.tl.N ASt I lies SllH. 1 . 1 , , on .u.:. own . to that the audition 01 seacoasi, mriuuiiis; ooiaimng accura.e iumii I'Ln, WMIe U m had oTpoT: Oregon, is very nearly to thirds a. great ject. His report to the War Department jJVmJSXun.n all we mHisessed before; and excluding f the result of his examination, and the uuy of performing more consptcu .us ser j : ' H.d,r,iinofnethousand.hree fact, obtained on the spot, U herewiih hud rice, the navy largely pan.c.p,. ... , ; heiB nearlv l..r rr... When he visited the llliliuiru niivs ov itj v n ,v,,"v -"" . . equal to one half of the extent of ihe coast country, there were about four thousand which we possessed before these acquisi- peisons engaged in collecting gold. There lions. We have now three great maritime - i every reason to believe that the number frontson the Atlantic, the Oulf of Mexi- of persons so employed has since been co, and the Pacific making in the whole augmented. The explorations already ..mm nr annnnam exceeding five thou made warrant the belief that e-ld is found sand miles. This is the extent of the t Tariotis places in an extensive district ofiha ITniteil Stales, not inclnd -nfniinirv. k.. .n.m.1. and Minall irregularities InlWmution received from ollicers 01 or the main shore, and of the sea islands, the navy and other sources, though not lfihese be included,, the length of the so full and minute, confirm the accounta shore line of coast, as estimated by the .of the commander of our military force superintendent of the coast or survey, in in California. 11 appears, aiso, iim uicw conduct of the war. Boili branches 01 ine service performed their whole duty to their country. For the able and gallant services of the officers and men of the navy acting indeiendenily as well as in oiwineratinn with our troops in the con quest of the Californias, the capture of Vera Cruz, and the seisure nnd occupa- votilh tip to handle! lion of other important positions 011 the I a large proportion! Gulf and Pacific coasts the hu-hesi praise e western and more! is due. Their vigilance, energy and skill rondnred the most effective service in ex- cludinir munitions of war and other stip- muii9iiimr ibeir own authority. We re-1 . ' . . r .i.. I ,-. nnwhpre interrupted coenixe'airsucl. actual govcriuncnis. not" pViva.e man. M well as e- immunity from the evils of w.r.thecoun only from the dictates of true policy, but , '"J 0 . , . , - pmin1r t lrv is indebted to the navy. from a sacred regard for the independence feJ (i.,inc,ion among his High praise is due to the officers of the fellow citizens when he 1 if nili.in. in : " .... .Atiln.t nnlior. it lines HUB inis IS j . Uiril life noi fllow that we can be indifferent spec- u,e 1 ne war w shall return to feveral executive stations connected his report, would be thirty three thousand and sixty three miles. - . - It would be difficult to calculate the value Of these immense additions to 0111 territorial possessions. Texas, lying con tinuous to the western boundary of I-oui- bnrent.9. navy yards and sinna. embracing wtth.n its limits a part d wth the mvice. all' nr the navigable tr,b,,,nry wafers of the u w . . 1 ,--.: ..,.1 . .viunsivft sea-coast. .. .1 an 1 Vf .atbc-aixrvi a till ... a .a .11..a . MotiAil rit lllia rPiT I If 1 tos-ici? 1 i I" om- XtU Mav KA lm tlpmonstral- nrnicr me inum-uiinc uia-re, .. - : . - ill iva " il Ol llie in-Eirw ....v.... - ....... .fik. rtvrnnipnt retaev Ot the N aVV. n,e govcrnmen. and people ofthe United ed not on y K and enenrv'with St c. hailed with enthusiasm and delight, w organs a - " ... , - tlirerlpd the establishment of the French Republic, den " " . , .ft branch of an extensive sea-coast. c nrt- M l - . 11 . 1 ..... ml in ha n4.lrl. for the industry, fore- cooid not long nave isnniem 01 me ririww vvr....... , ----- - . . .... .f .... ? ..... '... miinn And necessary suppi iv hail tne euons in nroa.-r . -. - , . . . . -.. .....r.,i cutii'ii pnnvenience 1 u mrei n unite ilic States 01 iennany in i . ... as we now a. i... ...naalmllil II lin Pllll'lf 111: V m . i . uaWAAis li-a niir fpci ill iHit-iaii'.iii B.sa , laiion. similar in many ,.or s.,;,..,;rt. bns not on v There was rnished to the service same vigilance existed in directing the The operations of the navy, as of the army. concert 01 aeuon auu m .- the heads of the two arms . Dy the orders which were time issued, our vessels of Pacific and in the Gulf of lisliingsml, a confederated .government Mexico, were stationed in proper time securing at the same time tOthe citizens ",'?. '"' " 7 nraUm nnol an(i ;n nfonP, positions to co operate em- ine war. " 5:' ' mDB . ie armv. By this means .1 nnAse.on. eiiMciriiilir on the enemy. ' in withhold irom inose ouu-f.ff " ....- j -- ,1 ?. !, 3 at home, who were charged The great result, which bave been h con-olidale and strengthen the power of : with the duty of furnishing proper V- r- -r-.-. , nropPMIi 0f our country. ,he munittons o 1 ' - , ,e, d werfully lp preserve tts.fro.n so necessary r I "ign colhsions. and to enable its to p !JSyS sureihtermptedlyour cherished policy lICllll ,aiw ----- the rnrenUT. when it is cons t . -.I. ...... .i.: i'of a f.frelirn rower wiihout enuangenng iiilu c.r.j ----' . ,,a,-rn fmnlier. of each State. loCul eovernmenis adapted to ihe peculiar condition of each, with tin ' retricted tr.ule and intercourse with each other.it will he an important era in the history of human events. Whilst it will the army, in veloped and brought to light by this war, They . ""V . . n .;u k r immeasiirnlile imnorlanee in ine . ..... - . ;.na nmi ni nrnner niaeen. n w " . tterniunv. il in.ial essential V nrnmoie Uie prm.v-r m"r ...... 1 - r . ,. . cause orncace.eommcrce.eiviiixaiion.ami cniisiitutionul liberty throughout ihe world. With all ihe governments on this con tinent our relations, it is believed, are now on a more friendly and satislactory toot ing than ibey have ever been at hny for mer neriiMl: '' ' ' ' ' Since ihe exchange of hlifieations of the treaty of peace with xi0 ou? .It T. I SW - i idered that no of" peace with all nations," ' entangling . II . ...III. t,14-tl - 1 " armv in ancient or mm cm times was ever aiuancea ,. mm,nii. beuer ?Pn ointed or p.ovided than our ar tlcctipy.ng.as we no, more command, oruer appo nieu ui . .. .. ,nsinni amonir nations than at any .'.. i n :. .u nemv S inr tlOSItlOll 81 sive efficth peace of our southwestern frontier. Ice. The 1 Ilrtprottocts in the vicinity of ihe tribu- . . : r .1.. ii;j.;inni most have sought lancf ui me nioffi-nf - - a market through these streams, running ino and through our territory, and the danger of irritation and collision of inte rests between Texas as 1 foreign State an! nnraelvea would have been imminent. whil ib embnrrnssineiits in the commer- them must have VKU 111 V 'M J-' . been constant and unavoidable. Had Tex as fallen into the hands or tinder the influ ence and control of a strong maritime or military foreign power, as she might have done, these dangers would have been st.u ui. Thor have, been avoiucu dy wi viNimtary and peaceful annexation tn the United States. Texas, front iliet position. wis a natural and almost indispenaw w ori nf nn lemtories. Fortunately, IltH v..a - - - - - 1 h been restored to onr country, and now .....iSimoa nn hf the States ol our ciMite dtvacy, "npon an cqtial footing with the .nml SlalA. " 'I'he SalllOrilV Ol rillliaur. ilu fertility of soil, pecidtarly adaptfd to th? production pi some oi our u... renorts. that mines of quicksilver ore found in the vicinity of the gold region, tine of them is now being worked, and is be lieved to be among llie most productive in the world. The effects produced by the diroveiy nfihese rieh mineral denosites, nnd the success which has attended the labors of those who have resorted to them, have produced a surprising change in the state of affairs in California. Labor commands n most exotbitant price, and all other pur suits but that of searching for the precious metals are abandoned. Nearly the wnoiei of the male population of the country have uone to the gold district. Ships arriving on the coast are deserted by their crews, and their voyages suspended for want or sail ors. Our commanding officer there en tertains apprehensions ihal soldiers cannot k l.o in the ouhlic service without a large increase of pay. Desertions in his command have become frequent, and he creased, w in ,ihe new markets thtjs opened, ihey cannot fail t CQmrnand re munerating and profitable prices, The acquisition of California and New. Mexico, the settlement ..of ihe Oregon, boundary, and the annexation pf Texas, ; extending. to the U10 urande, are tesuiia. which, combined, are ot greater conse quence, and will add mote to the strength and wealth of the nation, than any which , have preceded them since ihe adoption of . the constitution. But to effect these great results, not only California, but New Mexico, must be , brought under the control of regularly or ganized governments. The existing con dition of California, and that part of New , Mexico lying west of the Rio Grande, and without llie limits of Texas, imperiously demand that Congress should, at its pre? sent session, organize territorial govern ments over them. Upon ihe exchange of ratifications of the treaty of peace with Mexico on the 30ih May last, the temporary governments which had been established over New Mexico and California by out military and naval commanders, by virtue of ihe rights of war, ceased to derive any obliga--lory force fmn thst source of authority and havin? been ceded to the United States, all government and control over them un derthe authority of Mexico had ceased to exist. Impressed with ihe necessity of establishing territorial governments over them, I recommended the subjrcl to the . favorable consideration of Congress in my message communicating the ratified treaty of peace, on the Olli 01 Juiy lasuanu in voked their action ai uiai susmuu. j vuv gress adjourned without making any pro vision for their government. The inhabit ants, bv die transfer of iheir country had become entitled to the benefits of our laws and constitution, and yet weie left with out any regularly organized government. Since that time,, the : very Ifraited power possessed by ihe Executive has been ex- l . - a . .1 i recommends that those who shall with-! erased lo preserve and protect tnem iron, stand .he strong temptation, and remain the inevitabU (consequences of titoteof SU.hcH.ldL Warded.- Yl rhi abundance of eeld. and the all- engrossing pursuit of it, have already caus ed in California an tinpreceuenieu n m i. nriiHt nf iUa necessaries ol hie. - , That we ity tne more speru.ij .. fully avail ourselves of the undeveloped wealth f these mines, it is deemed of vast importance that a branch of the mint of the United States tc auinoriseu to w es tablished, at vour present session, in Cali fornia. Amongj other signal advantages remained was that established by the mi litary authority during the war. Regard ing this to be a delaeto government, and that hv the nresumed consent of the m- hnbiliiiis it might be continued temporari ly, they were advised to conioim anu suo- inittoit Tor the snoii n..r.-:.....s 1 before Congress would.agam assemble and could legislate 011 the subject. 'I he views entertained by the Executive on this point are contained in a communication ol the Q 9 6 w at 0