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IMPORTANT FROMJ1PJM- t-romohe S. O. Daily Picayune extra, T, rv, Gen. ScotCs MAI (rf I Ufl rc - Auj 3 0, 10 a in. advance tra in Ifoi. Latin III .1 ua wi; a -',r . in 'J ived from Vera tl. i. ti;Uiiniii am Cruz on Sunday, having sailed thence on the evening ofthe 21st int. At that time the Fashion ha.I not arrived there, though con stantly expected. She left here the evening of the" 17th. . . The most important news hy this arnvai concerns the movements of Gen. Scott. There had 'been various rumors on the subject in V e ra Cruz, many of which our correspondent knew to be unfounded, but he writes us on the afternoon of Saturday, the 21st instant on what he considers " the best authority, that the vanguard of Gen. Scott's army was at Ayotla on Fndav, tne ism. mi , - f that date had not fired a gun. This news reached Vera Cruz by a gentleman who left Ayotla on the 13th, coming down by way of Orizaba. Ayotla is about twenty-one miles from the city of Mexico, being twenty miles beyond the pas of Rio Frio. We now turn for a moment to other subjects of great inter est'. ' The expedition which left Vera Cruz about the l3th instant to reinforce Major Lally's command was composed of Capt. Well's com-parry-jJf the 12th infantry, Capt. Haile's com pany of the 14th infantry, & Capt. Fairchild s company of Louisiana Rangers, all under com mandof Capt. Wells. They returned to Ve ra Cruz on the 17th, after having proceeded as far as the National Bridge, where they expec ted to overtake Maj. Lally' command. Maj. tally, Wowever, had gone on, and by subse quent advices at Vera Cruz, it is known that he had carried up his train in safety beyond J alar. 1 The command of Capt. Wells were com pelled tb fight their way to the Bridge ; and they made the attempt to pass it, but found all the heights occupied by the guerrillas, who opened a heavy fire upn them, killing nearly all the mules and forcing the whole party to retire. They left the whole of their wagons save only one in the possession of the enemy. All the baggage of the officers and knapsacks of the men, which were in the wagon, fell into the hands of the Mexicans, and little else besides the mail was saved. The loss of men in this affair has been five or six kiHed and two or three wounded, and several men have subsequently died from fatigue and exposure on the march. About eight miles this side of the Bridge, Capt. Wells, on his advance, detached twelve dragoons, accompanied by Dr. Cooper, with directions to go forward cautiously, and, if they found it prudent, to report to Maj. Lally; hut ji they er.countered any obstacle, to return and report the fact at once. Nothing has since been heard of this party, and it is suppo sed the whole have fallen into" the hands of the Mexicans. These twelve dragoons we suppose to be a portion of FaircbiW's compa ny. Dr. Cooper was the surgeon who went up with the train. Capt. Wells had five successive engage ment! with the enemy before the final affair at the Bridge In this the Mexicans had one piece of artillery engaged, from which they fired grape, and were thus enabled to make good their stand against the command of Capt. Wells. Maj. Lally on going up with the train is said to have had a sharp skirmish with the guerrillas at Cerro Gordo, and to have expec ted another brush with them at La Hoya. No ac counts of these affairs have been received, but our latest letters say that there is no doubt of the safety of the train. No news had been heard at Vera Cruz of Capt. Besancon's com pany for a fortnight. It was out on a scout when news reached here that Mai. Lally requir ed reinforcements, audit is by many supposed that the com nan v fell in with the train, am crossing the National Bridge, continued up with L Others again think differently, and suppose the whole company has been cut off byhe Mexicans. Su u is the tenor of our latest letters. In regard to (Jen. Scott's march, there were rumors at Vera Cruz that he had met the ene my and repulsed them after a sharp engage ment, in which he lost 800 men. This the Mexicans regarded as a victory on their part, as their loss was insignificant. Notwithstan ding these details, our correspondent writes that there is no truth in them whatever. He also considers the announcement of the Sun of Anahuac that Gen. Scott arrived at Ayotla on the 1 1th as a statement hazarded upon mere rumor. He has confidence in the veracity of the man who arrived on the 21st, and declares the vanguard of Scott's army to have been in Ayotla on the 13th, having met no resistance so far. Both the Vera Cruz papers and our correspondent believed that Gen. Scott was in possession of Mexico by the 20th inst., but they had no information to this effect. We have more minute accounts on boad the ship Agnes of the various encasements with the guerrillas mentioned above. The Missis sippi, being a fast sailor, has anticipated thoe accounts, but without supplying all the details. We have no lette direct from the army. The Boletin de las Noticias, of Jalapa, says that more correspondence from the army has been intercepted by the guerrillas. This pa per appeals to have advices from Puebla to the 10th inst , but only states that the last di vision of the American army left on that day 4000 strong. y From the New Orlrani Picayune, Sept. 3. AMERICAN ARMS AGAIN VICTORIOUS. THE MEX1CARS DEFEATED BY OBN SCOTT!! IN TWO DISTINCT ENGAGEMENTS. TBS CITY cr MEXICO AT OUR The news of Gen. Kcott'a advance Cnndrm UTh Position of Kl Penon Tnrned 0n. Talrncla Defeated Gen. Santo An na Defeated A suspension of Hostilities Solicited and granted Congress Sum moned and Negotiations to be Resumed --Safety of Maj. Lalljr's Train Snooting of I. tent. Henderson and Party. &e. fcc. The steam ship Fashion, Capt. O'Brady, ar rived yesterday evening from Vera Cruz, by the way of Tampico. She left Vera Crux on the 27th. of August, and Tampico on the 29th. The news by this arrival is the most impor tant we have received in many months from Mexico. Our army has not only advanced to the city of Mexico, but it has had two engage ments with the enemy close under the walls of the city and defeated them. The Mexicans have been brought to supplicate a suspension of arms, and Gen. Scott has granted it. The Mexican Congress has been convoked to take into consideration Mr. Trist's propositions. The news was received in Vera Cruz on thr evening of the 26th ult. by an evpresscourie from Orizaba, who brought down the follow -iag letter to Mr. Dimond, the Collector at Ve ra Cruz, to whose courtesy we ore indebted for the use of the letter,, which we proceed to give. Orizaba August 2, 1847. My Dear Fnend-The Mexican mail, which has just come in, brings the following intelligence, which I copy from the Diario Of ficial del Gobierno. Being of so great impor tance, I send you this express courier, who will be with you to-morrow about 12 o'clock. vjn tne 20th two brigades commanded by Gen. Valeneia and Santa Anna went out to attack the Americans near San Angei. Val encia division has been completely defeated, and Santa Anna, after the first rencontre, fell back also in disorder to the city. They immediately after this asked for a sus pension of hostilities, and offered to hear the propositions of peace from Mr. Trist The next day the Minister of Foreign Rela tions invited the Congress, through the news papers, to meet for that purpose. fhese are the great facts which no doubt will bring after them peace. Yours, truly. F. M. Dimond, Esq. 'Another letter says Lus Llaios tic San Anzcl Another express arrived in Very Cruz on the 20th, with letters containing the same news in subtance, and the following transla tion of the announcement of it in the Diario Official del Gobierno : Trnnslated from the Diario CMRclnl del Gobierno. On the 20th August Scotts troops, who in tended marching on Penon, turned it and ar rive,! tipar Tacubaya. As soon as the news was known at Mexico, Valencia's division went out to attack the Americans at Los Lla nos de San Angel, and was completely routed. Next came Santa Anna, with another division, which shared the same fate after some fighting. The Mexicans retreated to the capital in great disorder, and strch was the panic created by their defeat that the Minister of Foreign Rela tions immediately convoked the Congress to take into consideration Mr. Trist's proposition A suspension of arms was demanded by the Mexicans and rranted. The Americans are around Mexico, but had not entered the city on the 21st. Such are the meagre details which we have of these important events. No couriers from Gen. Scott's army direct have been able to get through, so far as we can learn. But from the foregoing statements it is manifest that Gen. Scott holds the city of Mexico at his command. That Gen. Scott did not choose to enter the city is manifest. He was doubtless deterred from entering it by desire to save the pride of the Mexicans when upon the eve of important negotiations. It is now supposed that the extraordinary courier which left Ve ra Cruz for Mexico on the 12th ult., a day in advance of the regular English courier, was the bearer of instructions to the British minis ter to offer again his mediation ; and we think we.may safely say that he was instructed to do so if possible before Gen. Scott entered the capital. We believe the instructions were Eossitive, and no doubt they were obeyed. laving absolute confidence in this representa tion of the acts of the English Government, we think it reasonable to suppose that Gen. Scott was influenced by a knowledge of this mediation to trust again to the efforts of Mr. Trist to negotiate a peace, and so spared the Mexicans the humiliation of the armed occu pation of their capital His characteristic hu manity may also be presumed to have strong ly influenced him to save Mexico from the vi olence of a hostile occupation. We may re cur to this point and to the prospects of peace which some may now entertain. We have given some of the rumors current in Vera Cruz as to the fall of Mexico. Thev are evidently founded on imperfect rumors of the real state of facts. 1 he rumors circulat ed here that anta Anna and alenciawere taken jirisoners we believe are totally un founded. In regard to the train umUv Mai. Lilly, the intelligence is favorable. We are informed from a very responsible source that he is known to have passed Pcrote and been on his way in safety to Puebla. He made some Ie lay in Jalapa. Our readers may be interested in what is said of the movements of the train prior to its leaving Jalapa in the Sun of Ana huac. The Unlet in of Jalapa says that the train, after having been attacked at Cerro Gordo, re tired to the Plan, at the same time the guernl las also retired. On the following day the train commenced marching for Jalapa, and on Thursday evening had not yet entered that place. On the 19th it was reported at Jalapa that the guerrillas would attack our troop? near that place, and all the evening the roau for near a mile was covered with men, wo men and children, whom curiosity had attract ed there. This gave rise to tiring of cannon and musketry from our troops, and the citizens succeeded in reaching their homes without re ceiving any injury. The guerrillas are said to have numbered 3T0. The fire commenced at half-past 5 I o'clock and lasted but a short time. At night tranquility prevailed in the city, anil a party of mounted men from the train entered the ci ty and passed through the principal street; at the same time guerrillas were seen near by. The Boletin savs that the loss on the side of the guerrillas was small. At 11 o'clock on the 19th, Major Lally in quired of the alcalde whether the citizens of Jalapa would commit hostilities against the Americans if they entered, or not. To which the alcalde answered, that the population was unarmed; hut that a number of guerrillas being in the neighborhood he could not take the re sponsibility of their actions. On the morning of the 20th the train of wagons and the troops entered the city. The Boletin says that the wagons are filled with sick and wounded Yesterday (the 24th ult.) it was rumored in Vera Cruz that Father Jarauta had attacked the train a short distance the other side of Ja lapa, but that he had been driven back by our troops, with loss on both sides. In addition to the foregoing we have been favored with the two notes following, the first of which is a translation from the Spanish: JALAPA, August 20, 1847. The American army, after much suffering on the road, has been again attacked at Dos Rios by 700 guerillas, and badly enough treat ed. Even betore the entrance into Jalapa, there was some firing. Last night, at 9 o' clock, the Americans entered the city firing, and retreated one minus. He was lassoed by one of the guerillas. This morning they sent a flag of truce to the Ayunta Miento (City Council) to ascertain whether they should en ter as friends or foes, but without awaiting an answer they began to enter, and continued up to 1, p. m , when all got in. There are 7f wagons aim sa men, among wnom J17 are wounded and sick. Major Lilly is sick the horses are worn out for which reason it is supposed they will remain here some time It is said that Father Jarauta will attack them to-night but nothing positive. The other note is as follows : JALAPA, August 23, 1847. Major Lally, with his command, is stili here, and will probably remain here some time. The guerillas have all disappeared from this neighborhood, but to where they have gone I am unable to say. Aburto.the guerilla chief, died in Jalapa a few days since, some say of wound received in one of the attacks on Major lolly's command, and others by fever. We do not entertain any doubt that the train, as mentioned above, had passed Perote and gone on in safety to Puebla. Intelligence reached Col. Wilson on the morning of the i 7th ult., that Lieut. David Henderson, of Capt. Fairchild's company of dragoons, and his party, who were sent out by Capt. Wells, on the 15th of August, to ap prise Major Lally of the approach of rein forcements, were all shot by the guerillas. Thtre is little or no doubt of the correctness of this sad intelligence. Lieut. Henderson was a resident of New Orleans, and but recently embarked as a volunteer in his country's ser vice. He was a printer by profession, a man of courage and enterprise, and his fate will be sincerely lamented by his numerous friends. It is now very generally believed that Capt. liesanccm's company went up with the train under Major Lally. The following letter gives some facts that we have not before seen, though news prompt ly reached here of the insurrection in Yuca tan : Correspondence of the Picayune. VERA CRUZ, Aug. 27. uentlemen un Sunday- last th 1, expectation of an immediate attack. The French brigs of war La Peyrotise and La Pi late have, it is understood, both been ordered to Campeachy, and there is a report that Com. Perry is about ordering down one of the ves sels of our squadron. There is, perhaps, some exaggeration in the accounts of the ex tent of the massacre, but of the mam facts there is not a doubt. The Indians in Yucatan have been more oppressed than in any other t.art nf Mexico, because the landholders are generally absentees residing in Spain, and en trust the managemenx oi uieir estates iu busw ards, who to subserve their own interest grind the unfortunate Peon to the dust. An express arrived here on Tuesday from Alvarado to Com. Perry, with information that the guerrillas had attacked that place the night before and killed a surgeon and two ma rines in that town. The steamers Petrita and Scorpion were immediately dispatched to rein foice those in possession of the place. D. S. In the Sun of Anahuac, of the 25th ult., we find the following from Mr. Hayes: Mr. Editor, will you do me the favor to correct an error into which you have inadver tently fallen in the account of the march of the small train under the command of Capt. Wells. In the article you give me the com mand of the detachment it was under the command of Corporal Meredith. I accompa nied the train on the invitation of Capt. Fair child, and was of course temporarily attached to his command; but am entitled to no credit, as I merely performed the usual routine of du ty. I regret the necessity of troubling you, but my silence might be construed into a de sire to take credit for acts performed by oth ers Respectfully yours, A. H. HAVhS. The same paper also contains the following orders, no doubt suggested by the escape of Paredes from Vera Cruz: GENERAL ORDERS, No. 10. U. S. Flag Ship German-town, Anton Lizardo, August 18, 1817. The senior U. S. naval officer, next in rank to the commander-in-chief, who may be sta tioned at or near Vera Cruz, is hereby instruct ed to act in conjunction with the senior officer ot the U. S. Quartermaster's Department at Vera Cruz, and the collector of the port, as a commissioner to make the necessary appoint ments of pilots, officers connected with the duties of the port, light-house keepers, super intendent of signals, &c, to establish regula tions for their government, and to have cog nizance of all matters connected with the de partments above mentioned, being careful not to interfere with the military authorities of the city and castle. M. C. PERRY, Commanding Home Squadron. To the senior U. S. N. officer stationed at Ve ra Cruz. GENERAL ORDERS, No. 11. U. S. Flag Ship Germantown, Anton Lizardo, August 18, 1847 All vessels, excepting army steamers and transports, arriving at poits in Mexico held by the U. S. forces, are to be visited by a boat from the general ship of the day, or any sin gle vessel of the squdron,that may be in port, for the purpose of tendering the usual compli ment of services to foreign vessels of war, and detecting any irregularities in foreign mail steamers or merchant vessels, whether foreign or American. It is desirable when it be practicable, that the boarding Officer should be a lieutenant. M. C. PERRY, Commanding Home Squadron. The following notice from the collector of Vera Crnz its important to travellers : Notice Passengers arriving at this port without passports irom the American Consul, resident at the port they embark iiom, will not be allowed to leave the vessel, and the master of any vessel permitting such passen gers to land will be fined $500 for each and'ev- ery passenger so landed, and the vessel held responsible for the same F. M. DIMOND, Collector. Collector's Office, Vera Cruz, August 25, 1847 The following passengers came over on the rashion : From the Tarboro' Press. DEATH OF COL. WILSON. Every Edgecombe heart will be deeply pain ed by the intelligence brought by the recent arrival fmm Movin Tjlllis D. ft USOH U l I J J 11 JIU 111 i'lVAIVUi dead. The news of this sad event reached us on Saturday last, and the intelligence spread a gloom over our village. The Court being in session, the County Attorney feelingly an nounced his death, and after adopting resolu tions of respect to his memory, immediately adjourned. Scarcely two months have elapsed since Col. Wilson was in our midst in full and vig orous health. We never saw him look better never in better spirits. He reached home nKont th 1st rf Tnlv nn his way to Wash- Special Magistrates of the county be requested to act as a Relief Committee, and dispense all such contributions according to their opinion of the various necessities. On motion, a committee of ten was appoin ted to carry out the object of the 4th Resolu tion. The Chairman appointed the following gentlemen : Henry T. Clark, J. J. Pippen.Wm. Norfleet, W. F. Dancy, R Pittman, George HnwnrH spn . John Lawrence. Dr. W. G. Thomas, R. E. Macnair and W. H. Hines. On motion of Mr. Brooks, the proceedings of the meeting were directed to be published in the Tarboro' Press, with the request that the papers throughout the State copy. JOHN F. SPEIGHT, ClCn. Wm. F. Dancy, Sefy. upon our market by the necessities of hold,. exercise a sUll stronger depressing inlltw-. ' the trade, and it may be fairly inferred ik J nrton. havin? accented the Colonelcy of the 12th Regiment of Infantry, and stopped to spend a few days with his friends. From Washington he was ordered to Vera Cruz, to take charge of that portion of his Regiment which had rendezvoused there, and was to have commanded the detachment which left for Gen. Scott's camp on the 6th, but was sei zed with " the fever" the day before, which terminated his existence on the 12th. Well do we recollect our last interview, and the energy and moral firmness he displayed. 'Twas on the eve of hie departure for Vera Cruz, and we ventured vo express our fears that the climate would prove fatal to his con stitution, to which he firmly replied, " the chances are greatly against me, but I have a duty to perform duty to my country, and I stop not to calculate the consequences." At an early period as early as 1816, Col. Wilson entered the public service in this coun ty. In that year, he was returned a member to the House of Commons. It was an era pregnant with great events. The country had iust emerged from a war with a foreign pow er, and factious federalism at home sought (as now) to cripple the energies of the govern ment.bv misrepresenting its credit and resour ces, and otherwise " giving aid and comfort to the enerav." A democrat both in principle and feeling, he ranged himself on the side of his country and the war, and upon tne resoiu tion of thanks (offered, we believe, at that ses sion) to Mr. Madison, for the vigor and abili ty with which he had prosecuted the war, Col. Wilson's name may be found in the affir mative. From that time to this, with an oc casional interruption, he has continued to re present the people of Edgecombe either in the upper or lower house ot assembly, in ijd, he was a member of the State Convention which altered the Constitution in '36, on the Van Buren Electoral Ticket, and at the session of '42 and '3, (the only time his party has had the ascendency since the Constitution was amended.) he was elevated over the heads of some of the most distinguished members of his party, to the high and distinguished position of Speaker of the Senate, and by virtue of his office, Lieutenant Governor of the State. With what fidelity and integrity he has dis charged every trust, his long and uninterrup ted service sufficiently attests. No man of his day has exercised a larger or more extended influence in the county of Edgecombe than Louis D. Wilson none has shared so largely in the popular confidence and regard, and deservedly. His whole heart, and every corner of it, was filled with the deepest devotion to this people. He loved her with an affection truly parental, and his anxious and only wish was for her honor and true glo ry. Possessed of ample means, he diffused his bounties with a munificent hand. He was in truth the father of the fatherless, and the friend of the orphan. In his death the county has sustained a loss which cannot be repaired who, indeed, can fill the post of usefulness he occupied ? Alas ! we know no one ! " But we come to bury Caesar, not to praise him." DEATH OF COL. L. D. WILSON. Our County Court was held last week. On Saturday of the Term, Wm. Norfleet, Esq., a Capt. Magruder, Lieut. Fiagg, Dr. Potter, Purser Kennon, U. S. Navy; Santiago Luquesi, Rainauld Luquesi, John Meyer, Simon Lina don and VV. W. BreeJlove. disgraceful Disgraceful Scene. A most scene occurred at Accomack Court-House, Va., on the 30th ult. A correspondent of the Richmond Enquirer says: " I regret to have to inform you of an un fortunate affray which occurred at our Court house yesterday afternoon, (it being our court day,) in which Mr. Wm. B. Finney was shot. For days before Court, the county was filled with reports, that Judge Bayly was to be at tacked on that day by a combination of men, led on by some of the Messrs. Finneys; and also, that the Court was to be insulted, and some of its members taken from the bench and tied. These reports painfully affected every lover of peace and good order, and many were disposed to attach no credit to them whatever: hut tni rci, it nrnvoJ ttioi- u-ora r-ii.. Itaii A t? soon as Judge Bayly got through with his bu siness in Court, which was between sun-set and dark, he left the Court-house, walked over to the Tavern, stopped just in front of the ho tel, when he was taken off a few feet by a client and engaged in conversation with him. At this time Mr. Wm. B. Finney was seen to approach Judge Bayly, followed by his back ers, who, it seems, had all been assembled in the Tavern porch but a moment's conver sation ensued, when Finney struck Baylyand knocked' him dow ; and as Bayly rose, he dis charged his pistol at Finney, and the ball pass ed through- his thigh and lodged in the foot of Mr. Tracer. The wound is not considered a dangerous one. The mob (for I cannot in truth characterize it by a milder term) now became furious, and no man can conceive what the result would have been, but for the very prompt and energectic action of Mr. Jno. C Wise, one of our Magistrates. Mr. Wise himself was armed -he being one of the Jus tices that was threatened with being taken off tne nench and tied on that day ; and it was this fortunate circumstance that enabled him to hold the mob in check ; everything like law and its omcers were disregarded and trodden under foot. The excitement was so great that it was found impossible to go into anything like an investigation of the matter, and Judge Bayly was lodged in jail for the night. To day the whole matter underwent an investiga tion, when he was fully acquitted. The evi dence made out a pure case of self -defence. Ihree Magistrates were sitting in the case. member of the bar, rose and announced to the Court that intelligence of the death of Colone Louis D. Wilson had just arrived whereupon the Court appointed the following gentlemen, members of the bar, viz : Wm. INorrleet, 3. b Moore, K. H. Lewis, Wm. F. Dancy, and R. R. Bridgers, Eqrs., a Committee to prepare resolutions suitable to the occasion, who re ported the following : Resolved, That the Court has heard with deep regret the melancholy intelligence of the death, at Vera Cruz, Mexico, of Louis D. Wil son, Esq., late of this county, and at the time of his death a Colone1 in the regular service of the army of the United States. Resolved, That as members of the Court, as Jurors, as his fellow-countymen, and as his fellow-citizens of tKe United States, we have much, very much, cause to deplore our loss. Resolved, That in token of the great regard and high estimation in which he has ever been held by this Court, in the discharge of his du ties as its chairman, we do now adjourn. Resolved, That these resolutions be spread on the minutes of the Court. Which having been adopted, the Court thereupon adjourned, sine die. Frotn the Washington Union. THE WILMOT PROVISO. Of all the letters which have been called forth by the recent events, we regard the following produc tion of Mr. Buchanan's pen as the most important. It is written with the distinguished author's usual clearness and force, and it is marked by that high moral courage which the occasion demands. Mr. Buchanan has not hesitated to step boldly into the field at once, to declare his sentiments freely on the exciting topic of the day, and to discharge a great duty at a critical period of public affairs. Never were more proper words uttered at a more proper tune, lie comes forward in the spirit of union, in the spirit of conciliation, in the spirit of compromise, to pour oil upon the troubled waves. And what patriot will not thank him for the effort he has made, the courage he has exhibited, the ad vice which he gives to his countrymen 1 He is opposed to the VVilmot Proviso and he is right He goes for the Missouri compromise to settle the agitation question and he it right. He throws himself into the breach ; and it is impossible that his country can hear his warning voice, without respect and without the siucerest gratitude. It is a source oi great satisfaction to us, tnat we agree in opinion with a politician so distinguished, and whose opinion is so much entitled to the respect of bis countrymen. But he stands upon the firm foundation of Truth; and let the storms rage as they may upon that house, it will stand, for it is built upon a rock. But these storms cannot long endure. Mauy of those of our political brethren who may have expressed a different opinion, will indulge " the sober -second thought," revise their judgment, and reverse their opinion. Mr. Bu chanan speaks in the true spirit. He speaks in the spirit of the compromises which formed and adopted this constitution this compact between the slaveholdir.tr and non-s!aveho!ding States. He speaks in that spirit of compromise which pre vailed over the destinies of Missouri and of Texas. He speaks in that spirit which will bind toge.her this holy Union, to which every American is de voted by the strongest ties of feeling as well as of interest. It required eome powerful voice to a rouse the people; and we are happy to hear that voice speak, and in the tone uf conciliation and of wisdom. We recommend its suggestion to the attention of all our readers. From the Pensylvanian. Lkttkr from Hon. James Buchaan. We are iudebted to a friend for a copy of the follow ing letter, sent by the Hon. James Buchanan, in reply to an invitation on the part of the democrat ic citizens of Berks county, to the Harvest Home, which took place near Reading on Saturday last. It is a production that speaks for itself. Writton on a most interesting subject, it will command at tention by the clearness and power with which that subject is discussed a subject let us add. which has assumed a most serious, if not momen tous aspect : Washington, August 25, 1847. Gkntlemeh : I have been honored by the receipt of your kind invitation to unite with the democracy of old Berks in their Harvest Home celebration, to be held at Reading on Saturday, the 28th instant. I should esteem it both a pleasure and a privilege to be pres ent on that interesting occasion; it is, there fore, with regret I have to inform you that my public duties during the present week will render this impossible. I rejoice to observe that the glorious democ racy of " Old Berks" are buckling on thfir armor, and preparing for the approaching con test. It is long .-Miiee any State election has involved such important consequences for the democracy of the Union, as the approaching Neither the soil, the xlimate, nor the pro ductions of that portion of California south of 36 deg. 80 min. nor, inuccu, i uuj puiuun " pu, ui; oc mny interred that ikZ nf it nnrtb nr snnth is adapted to slave la- markets have not as yet retrograded to Ar bor ;'and, besides, every facility would be there like ,he point to which they appeared 6titZU a i , . . i .. frnm Kia rnQO. tall. yj anoraea to tne siave to escape tprl v insecure ln the London market also a nmiu, i ; '.. ri;f Tf i mnrallv im- has taken place, which, accelerated bv K-Tf,,0, in an j urn i ui vaiuui ma.. v j . . .. - , - - j . murm possible, therefore, that a majority ofthe emi- JB "Jure. that have taken place, almost prer grants to that portion of the territory south of 36 deg. 30 mm which will be cnieny com- ZTZTZrT?' Vw 1 -f r .U cl.irn 1 ' 1 - I'UIIOU nlicol IJUU COma L poseu oi our loiiuw-ciuzens irom uic caaicm, , ihnnh thor. ...... , w "and. ,sh slavery within its toils. In regard to . There w.. , .th.rm.re inoZfLVe,, ew Mexico, east ot the Kio Urande. me question has been already settled by the ad mission of Texas into the Union. Should we acquire territory beyond the Rio Grande, and east of the rocky mountains, it is still more improbable that a majority of the people of that region would consent to re es- t;bhsh s averv. Ihev are themselves, in a wheat of the best quality, but middling to infc kinds were quite neglected. Fnreien ... dull, at a reduction of 6d per quarter. Fhovisions I'rime Mesa Beef, per tirn 90s a 32s 6d, ordinary, 82s a SSs ; MesL1! 50s a 56s, ordlnarv, 42s a 48. Pork nriJT per bbl, 65 to 70s, old, 55 to 60s, mess, prime, 18 to 55s ; Bacon, dried and smoked large proportion, a colored population ; and a- 35 to 40 per cwt ; long middle in salt 45 to 2r mong them, the negro does not, socially, be- short do. 45 a 62s. Cheese, fine, 52 to H1 Umr tn n .1 Aoradpil rnre CWt.. middling. 46 to 49a. nritinan, in. . . PW - . . , 1 . : . : ' j , M 44, The question is, therefore, not one 01 prac- nams, amoks or dry, in canvass, 40 to 54. tical importance. Its agitation, however non- cwt.; in sacks, salted, 30 to 45a. Rice, CitohZI esuy inienucu, can umuui,c uv tnv, , 1 v" j a uo, j r. 1 . . I. . . ...nK nT TiAFTlrtn J f T T W u I ill A. . alienate me peupie ui uumcui jhjuhjuo m ms-1 Union from each other, to excite sectional ai- visions and jealousies; and to distract and " urnian Mr iron per ton, 9 nossiblv destroy the democratic party, on tne - r.T . 1" U8 nooP. 11 10. u ascendency of those principles and measures "Jg ffiMJ ft.- bi depends, as, 1 hrmly he , eve, tne success 01 - I. I e, ... t-. ,i . 1 ivnonmon nt CP It-ffOvPrnmPilI - r" UUl iuu r , w. . . I M13CET.LAK KlIITS nf IRS IT, T.ll Such have been my individual opinions, LTV7V 15 lfewt, onenlv and freely expressed, ever since teZLZ3Z ..KZttZm commencement of the present unfortunate agi- TJZT 8 " iation : and of all places in the world, 1 pre- fno -. . ' n, .z to fer to put them on record before the incorrup tible democracy of old Berks. I therefore beg leave to offer you the following sentiment : The Missouri Compromise. its adoption in 1820 saved the Union from threatened convul sion, its extension in 104010 any new wm- torv which we mav acauire, will like happy results. 1 ours, very respectfully, JAMES BUCHANAN. Charles Kessler, esq., president, and George F Snavdand Jacob Liveneood, esqrs.,secreta r j - ries, &c, &c, FOREICr.. ARRIVAL OF THE CALEDONIA. FIVE DAYS LATER. PUBLIC MEETING TRIBUTE OF RE SPECT. Pursuant to previous notice, a meeting of the citizens of Edgecombe was held at the Court-house in Tarboro', on Tuesday, 31st ult , for the purpose of adopting some suita ble method of testifying their regret for the death of Col. LLOUIS D. WILSON when Spk.icht, Esq., was W. F. Dancy, Esq., upon motion, John F. called to the Chair, and appointed Secretary. Upon taking the Chair, Mr. Speight paid a beautiful and eloquent tribute to the memory of Col. Wilson, characterizing him as the great est benefactor the country had ever known. Upon motion of James Mehegan, a commit tee of ten was appointed by the Chair, to a dopt resolutions expressive of the sense of the meeting. The Chair appointed the following gentle men : William Norfleet, Geo. Howard, sen , Reddin Pittman, J. J. Pippen, Dr. W. G. Thom as, James Mehegan, Chas. Harrison, Josih H. Brooks, L. L. Dancy, and John Lawrence, tvho retired and reported the following reso lutions, which were, upon motion of Mr. Brooks, unanimously adopted : Resolved, That we have heard with the deepest regret ot the death of Col. LOUIS D. WILSON, who died at Vera Cruz on the 12th inst., while in command of the 12th Regiment of United States Infantry. 2d. Resolved. That in his death the army and they were unanimous in their opinion. ; has lost a gallant and efficient officer, the e Cltv mo startled with the intelligence from Yucatan that the whole Indian population of that State had risen against the whites, and in some dis tricts massacred entirely the whole population with the exception of thf v.-nmn. whom ihpv only spared for a fate still worse than death. ine nev s was received here bv the French consu in a communication from the French iuusui i t-ampeacliy, and the merr. he says wa.. universal no distinction being made r.f rr."?" " u ,m wnites. ln some 01 me uisincis ine wmtes have succeeded "jE w Mi were mere awaiting SUTu' ,There :Sod reas0n t0 hPe these or. awe 10 aeicnu inemsclvcs until thev .w..v,vtu. a-ainpeacny iney were in throughout this whole affair, the conduct and bearing of Judge Bayly was cool, calm and collected. Mr. John C. Wise's efforts, as a peace officer, were above all praise, and the writer of this would be doing injustice to his own feelings were he to omit to add, that in these efforts he was nobly sustained by Mr. neven m esi, one 01 me very Pest officers that this or any other county was ever blessed with. His torn and tattered coat the next morning was the best evidence of the advices through this trying affair. You may be ready to ask the cause of this excitement against Judge Bayly. I will answer, in a word, it was Mr. Urn B. tinney's defeat at our last Spring election, and the triumphant vote which Judge Bayly obtained in this county for Congress. Yours, Truly. Steam Frigate Alleghany. This noble ves sel, the pride of the West, as she may be well called, leaves her moorings to-day for the Me diterranean. Sae touches at Norfolk on her Wa' 1? he is m trim and staunch condition, and will, or We are much mistaken do credit to her gallant commander, Capt. Hunter, un der whose supervision h0 -i iiiu iu c&iern mechanism her voyage. N. O. Delta, Prosperous be Aug. 25. Never pay a printer when he first presents his bill to'you, for such an unexpected phe nomenon might cause a rush of blood to his head, and Throw him into fits country a faithful soldier, the State a long and well tried servant in her Legislature, and the county of Edeecombe one oi its most intelli gent, patriotic, and public spirited citizens. 3d. Resolved, That in his private relations, by his courtesy, kindness, and other social virtues, he had won the respect, confidence and esteem of all who knew him. 4th Resolved, That in testimony of our profound respect for our departed fellow-citizen, we will take the necessary steps to have his remains brought home, and that we will erect over them a suitable monument to his memory. 5th. Resolved, That in the death of Lieut. WM. H. MOYE, the country has lost a pat riotic and chivalrous citizen, who gave prom ise of high distinction in the service in which he had engaged. 6th. Resolved, That this meeting deeply sympathises with the friends and relatives of the Privates in the two Edgecombe companies, who have fallen victims to the climate of Mexico. Mr. Toole offered the following resolution woich was adopted : Resolved, That whereas the remarkable mortality of the Edgecombe Privates has left many ot meir homes ana famines destitute, it be recommended that the Clerk of the County Court, and Sheriff off the County, and every magistrate of the county to open subscriptions 101 the relief of the;r families; and that the election for governor of Pennsylvania On its result may probably depend the ascenden cy of the democracy of the Union for years to come. Hence our democratic brethren of oth er States are witnessing the contest with in tense anxiety. The field is a fair one; our candidate well-tried, able, and honest ; ai d he has been regularly nominated by the party. Should he he defeated, the attempt will be vain to explain the decision ofthe ballot-boxes, in any other manner than by admitting that the whigs have the majority. Our candidate for canal commissioner is also above all re proach, both personally and politically, and is eminently qualified for the duties of that im portant office. If, under such circumstances, the democratic Keystone should give way, there is great danger that the arch may tumble into pieces. In this contest, emphatically, he that is not for us is against us. I do not ap prehend defeat, unless our willy foe should hrst lull us into security by making no extra ordinary public efforts ; and then, at the elev enth hour, quietly steal a march upon us, as they have done in some other Slates. Our vigilance ought to be constantly on the alert, until the moment of victory. The question of slavery, in one of its an cient aspects, has been recently revived, and threatens to convulse the country. The dem ocratic party of the Union ought to prepare themselves in time for the approaching storm. Their best security, in the hour of danger, is to cling fast to their time-honored principles. A sacred regard for the federal constitution, and for the reserved rights of the States, is the immovable basis on which the party can alone safely rest. This has saved us from the in roads of abolition. Northern democrats are not expected to approve slavery in the ab stract; but they owe it to themselves, as they value the Union, and all the political blessings which bountifully flow from it, to abide by the compromises of the constitution, and leave the qustion where that instrument has left it--to the States wherein slavery exists. Our fa thers have made this agreement with their brethren of the south ; and it is not for the de scendants of either party, in the present gen eration, to cancel this solemn compact. The abolitionists, by their efforts to annul it, have arrested the natural progress of emancipation, and done great injury to the slaves them selves. After Louisiana was acquired from France by Mr. Jefferson, and when the State of Mis souri, which constituted a part of it, was about to be admitted into the Union, the Missouri question arose, and in its progress threatened the dissolution of the Union. This was set tled by the men of the last generation, as oth er important and dangerous questions, have been settled, in a spirit of mutual concession. Under the Missouri compromise, slavery was 44 forever prohibited" north of the parallel of 36 deg. 60 mm.; and south ot this parallel the question was left to be decided by the people. Congress, in the admission of Texas, follow ing in the footsteps oi their predecessors, ad opted the same rule ; and, in my opinion, the harmony of the States, and even the security of the Union itself, require that the line of the Missouri compromise should be extended to any new territory which we may acquire from Mexico. I should entertain the same opinion, even if n cic iciuuu mat tnis would become a sen uue, practical question : but that it nevor ran be thus considered, must be evident to all who nave attentively examined the subject The steamship Caledonia-arrived at Boston on the 2d inst., and brings Liverpool dates up to the day of her departure, the 19th ult. The news is important. There had been a still farther decline in breadstuff's. We extract the following items of general interest from our Northern exchange papers : Commercial and Financial. The money market, owing to a variety of causes, has be come seriously depressed since our last advi ces per Cambria. The pressure continues to affect all branches of trade with unrelaxed se verity, forcing prices downward, and necessa rily limiting operations to the smallest possi ble scale. The primary causes of this state of things are the advanced rates of discount re quired by the banks of the Empire, and a suc cession of disastrous failures in the West In dia and American trade; up to last night, the actual bankruptcy and stoppages were little short 2000,000, and it is apprehended that many of these will fall heavily upon Ameri can houses. Yesterday, in London, the public securities had somewhat recovered from the depression ofhe preceding day, and fluctuated merely from the turn of the market. Consols for ac count were 86 to 87, and for money 86 to 86J. Three per cents, reduced 87 to 87 ; 'Si per cents. 88$ to 88 and 89. Exchequer bills 2s discount to Is premium. Speculation in fancy stocks is passive. Mexican bonds are quoted at 18$. Among manufacturers business wears a most gloomy aspect, nor will there be any hope of improve ment until the monetary restrictions shall have been cased. This is the natural result of a state of things which renders all bills of lon ger dates than 3 mos. unavailable, and which not only paralyzes our colonial trade, but se riously affects our commercial transactions with America. General Intelligence. A rumor was in gen eral circulation yesterday, that Louis Phillippe had been assassinated. The London papers of this morning bring no confirmation of it. The elections are nearly at an end, and show an increase in favor of liberal ministers. The Queen has arrived in Scotland ; her tour will be completed in about three weeks. Lieut. Monroe, late of the 2d regiment of Life Guards, was yesterday found guilty of the murder of Col. Faucett, whom he killed in a duel about four years ago. The verdict has caused con siderable excitement and surprise. The affairs of Spain still continue in a very embarrassed state. The Queen has placed the King under a complete surveillance, and has done every thing to destroy his influence, short of imposing personal restraint upon him. An attempt was lately made to destroy Gen. Serrano, the reputed paramour of the Queen, by sending a "petard" to him through the post office. The political aspect of France is threaten ing enough. A fi-jree contest is raging be tween the Government and the opposition press, the latter charging ministers with cor ruption and the failure of the financial admin istration. The French funds have largely participated in the embarrassments caused by the raising of the rates of discount in England. Portugal is quiet, and the Spanish forces have been withdrawn from Oporto. In Switz erland the federal diet has required the disso lution of the Catholic Sonderbund, as hostile to the general welfare. The accounts from Italy are various ; the progress of liberal opin ions, particularly in the Papal States, is view ed with great alarm by both France and Aus tria. In Ireland the election has been somewhat more stormy than in this country, and the members will stand very much as they did in the last fan lament. Gen. Armstrong goes out by the Caledonia with despatches. The Hottinguer arrived at Lork on the 16th. The Caledonia takes 30,000 in specie. LIVERPOOL, August 19. Cottow The market continues dull at prices rather in faror of buyers. Bowed Georgia may be quoted for ordi nary to middling, 6J a 6Jd per lb., fair to good 'air, t$ a 7JU, nne, 7d ; Mobile, ordinary to mid dling. 6 a 6gd, good fair, 7$ a 7$d,fine, 7J a 8d; Alabama and Tennessee, ordinary to middling, 6$ a 6 Jd ; New Orleans, ordinary to middling, 6 a 6d, good fair, 7$ a 8d, line, Si a 9d; Sea Island, ordinary to middling, 10 a 13d, good fair, 15 a 17d, fine, 20 a 24; Sea Island, stained, range from 5J a lOd. The sales of Cotton since Friday have been 16,500 bales, of which speculators have taken 3,000, exporters 500. The stock on hand at present is estimated at 307,820. against 544,020 to the same period last year. It was hoped by many that the unfavorable accounts ofthe grow ing crop brought bv the last steamer would give vitality to the market, but any such influence would have been seriously counteracted byjthe high value of money and the continued dullness of trade in the manufactunng districts. Co rs-Best Western Canal Flour 26s a 26s 6d per bbl; Richmond and Alexandria 25s a 25s 6d ; Baltimore and Philadelphia 24s a 25s ; New Orleans and Ohio 22s a 33s; sour 20 a 21s. United States wheat, white and mixed, per 70 lbs., 7s 9d a 8s f d ; red, 6s 9d a 7s 6d. Indian corn, 25s a 30s per quarter. Corn meal, per bbl., 12s a 13s 6d. Oats, per 45 lbs, 3s a 3s 4d. Barley, pei 60 lbs, 3s 9d a 4s 3d. Oat meal, per 240 lbs, 30 a 32s. Rye, per 480 lbs, 30s a 34s. A serious downward tendency has taken place in the grain market since the departure of the 4th only occa sionally arrested by broken weather this, howev er, has failed to give a firm tone to the market ; though at our market yesterday the above quota tions were freely realized, and greater confidence was manifested among buyers. The certainty of a bountiful harvest at home, coupled with thecon- 1 tinucd large imports of foreign bread fluffs forced 28 ; pitch, per cwt, 2a 9d to 2m 6d ; tarpnu. LATER FROM CALIFORNIA. We copy the following detailed account of the news from California, from the St. Louis secure the Republican of the 26th ult. Arrival of Gen. Kearny and Suite Col. Frt. mont arrested at Fort Leqvenioorth, and or. dered to Washington- Situation of Cali. forniaCol. Mason Governor and Com. mander-in-Chief Position of the grants to Oregon and ofthe Mormons. Among the passengers on the steamer Ame lia from Fort Leavenworth, last night, (25th Aug.,) were Gen. S. W Kearney - Maj! P.St. Geo. Cooke, of the 2d dragoons ; Capt. H. S Turner, of the 1st dragoons; Maj. T. Swerds Quarter Master ; Lt. Radford, of Navy, nd Mr. Bryant, of Lexington, Ky. This party reached Fort Leavenworth from California, on the 23d August. In company as far as the Fort, were also Lt. Col J. Q Fremont, Assistant Surg. Sanderson, and tbe Hon. W. P. Hall, member of Congress elect from this State. H We are informed that Gen. Kearnv W Monterey on the 31st of May last. Besidei officers, servants, &c, there was an escort of thirteen of the Mormon Battalion. Col. Fremont brought with him nineteen of the Topographical party taken from Missouri 1 n 1845 ; a number of these were the captaim and other officers of the " California Battal ion." Col. Mason, 1st Dragoons, was left at Mon terey, Governor and Commander-in-Chief there was every indication of peaceable sub mission; if there was any exception, it arose from the restlessness of the American popula tion north of Monterey, under the military go vernment, to which they were necessarily sub ject, equally with the citizens of the country of their adoption. Gen. K. had returned to Monterey but a few days previous to his departure, from a visit to Los Angeloe. He found there, that the reports of the approach of an army, under Gen. Bus tamente, which had long kept the native pop ulation in excitement, were dying away. The time of the Mormon battalion, stationed there and at San Diego, expired on the 6th July, when the land forces in California would con sist of Col. Stevenson's; regiment, one compa ny of dragoons, at Angelos, and one of light artillery, at Monterey. An expectation was entertained that about one hundred of the Mormon battalion would re-enter the service. One or the last acts of Gen. Kearney, was to order that Lt. Col. Burton should proceed y sea to Lower California, and take posses sion ot that territory ; they would disembark at La Paz. In the harbor of Monterey, were anchored the-ships Tif war Columbus, Congress, Ports mouth, Warren and trie, and store-ships Lex ington and Dale, TJommodore Riddle. Com mander in-Chief, on board the Columbus, Com. Shubrick, with the Independence and Cyane, were in the Gulf, blockading the ports of Guay mus and Mazatlan. It was understood that Commodore S. would return to Monterey in July, and relieve Com. Biddle in thecomnwnd of the Pacific squadron, when the latter would sail for home in the Columbus. There was colder weather in March, in Cal ifornia, than had been experienced there for twenty years. Before reaching Sutters, the party was forced to swim four or five mon tain torrents, swollen by the melting snow to the breadth of rivers th e baggage and provis ions were crossed in skin boats made upon tbe spot. Their progress was slow and most la borious and hazardous; and one of the officers, Maj. Cook, lost by an upset, save saddle and blankets, his entire outfit, even to papers and specie. The last ranche was left on the 18th of June. On the 21st, they crossed the main ridge of the Sierra Nevada, riding thirtj'-fi" miles, chiefly over snow from five to twenty five inches deep, under which water was run ning and at many places in deep torrents. On this side, they hurried the remains of those who lost their lives in the horrible disaster which there befel a party of last year's era grants , 1 On the eastern slope they were forced w pass trackless mountains of black rock, the Truck y or Salmon Trout river. In tbe narrow pass, the road (made in autum) verjf frequently crosses it; some of its small branch es presented, besides a swimming deep toe rent, hundreds of yards of dangerous b mire. On this river they were visited by M " Digger Indians." , , , The party were nearly out of provisions w all sorts when they met the first emigrants the falls of Snake river, (Lewis' Fork) miles beyond Fort Hall. They passed by trartinr nncl nr, iko tilth nf Jlllv. On BC river, thev obtained a recruit of horses mninc frnm tho Snakp Indi.iriR TVi nnrfv Mirifi the nw rnnd about miles without water, from Green river to Bj Sandy. Besides some companies who rniimi hv Rridcrpr'e Vnrt ihv mat ahout '"I w 11 J - O i sy uiv wagons of emigrants, all or nearly all bon t OrOO-nn TK loot worn mn Ktti-ppI! th .v. --'.v.w... 11c jQQi n tic 11 k iv-. - North Fork of Platte and Sweet Water on 18th of Jlllv : thpv vcfTf hplipved to vt. Ore- . . . ... . . iiibiiiovifro luu IU 1. KJ . con . and annkp nf naecinar ihp winter st r BriJger. They left St. Joseph about the of June. fnnnd msnj friendly- Thev left that fort on the 3d inst. N thev mot civ hnnrlrp.i ant oiorhf v.five W30n .11'- . uii.. .--1.1. . ...J w J I rfj nf MivmAnc Vi n wara q li-incinir VP TV 810 Jl iriUllllUUV, v. mv u iiiiuuii' - J . 1 - Iv in nnrtips of fiftv thpv had come a'1 lnl innjT Kir h nnrth nf tYt Platto Thevexptfl tt tn winter nn th fireat Salt Lake, and tWl they assert, is to be the final resting P'ae. their neonle. Incredible numbers of buflaK1 the innrtinn nf tha twn Plsritoa. No ltav . f . . L ' . wJhA, m wcic eiicuuiuereu alter mils nine. j The narfv wne nnlv ivlV.iv daVP .1 settlements of California to Fort Leavenworw J , . tnr the W aim hui a uay a siup uvcigi5 - iiftv-.pven Hnve f h I rt v-nilf. mileS ! WhOlC J ., w.i..-, . . . . J . . - , , r i uuice near zzuu dijics. . , , Vr ur i i 1 arrival 31 iv we aiso learn, inai on men . . j T u rl T?,-,,,t nrK arrCSlCU VI LrfMvenwunri, vsui. i icmu"' . Gen. Kearny and ordered to Washington. nrneu An Irish sailor once visited a he said, "they copper bottomed their houses with sheet lead- city the tPs