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MM CARE NEEDED FOR ORCHARDS Fire-Blight, Most Destructive of Pear Tree Diseases, Should Be Checked at Once. Orchards that are bearing heavily ■will need attention at this season to prevent serious breakages from the weight of the nearly grown fruit. Of course, growers are enjoined to thin out their apples, pears and peaches to such an extent that the branches will not break beneath their burdens, but as a matter of fact, not one grow er for family use merely—out of one hundred- has time or strength for this task and. Indeed, In most sea sons much fruit falls from Insect work which relievo o the trees though not exactly in the way that the owner would prefer, says a Missouri writer In the Farm Progress. A half day spent In propping overburdened branches is the best alternation for hand-picking and often saves trees from serious Injury and mutilation. Another duty that should be sedu lously performed Is to have all fallen f; r|\d 91 V Implements to Control Fire-Blight. fruit gathered up every day or two and deeply buried, if it capnot be fed to pigs. The most convenient way to do this Is to have a ditch a rod or more long and about a foot and a half deep, dug In some convenient spot and. begin ning at one end, dump each time ifs much of the refuse into it as can be covered with six or seven inches of earth. This is deeper than any, but the very largest insects burrow for pupation and consequently any larvae In the fruit will be smothered as will also most rust and blight germs. Ixiok for and cut out any branches on which colonies of the fall web worm have started. Their webs. In creasing In size from day to day, often cover quite large branches and give an orchard a more neglected appear ance than almost anything else. On young trees they are especially ruin ous. Most pears should be picked while still green and hard, If, upon exami nation the seeds are found to be of fell size and beginning to color. After gathering place them on shelves In a dark but not too close closet. They will soon begin to mellow and color and in a few days will be in prime condition for eating. The honied seckel is an exception to this rule and is best completely ripened on the tree. Fire-blight, the most destructive of pear-tree diseases, should be checked as scon as observed, by cutting off the infected branch or limb, cutting not less than six Inches below the diseased portion and being careful to dip the shears used in the process into a Jar of alcohol and carbollied water, to neutralize any germs that may adhere to them between every cut. Also burn all the trimmings. Pruning Street Tree*. Pruning of large street trees Is often too long deferred. Cases are known where city governments have assumed control after treee had grown, un pruned, for a score of years. Natural ly the officials look askance at the pro posal to prune, yet sooner or later such work must be done, and the soon er the better. First, dead wood should be removed, and i.axt all superfluous branches having abnormal positions or crossing others at unuaual and unde sirable angles. Whan this has been gone each tree Is in a condition where one can Intelligently judge of the In dividual needs of each tree, for no two trees should have precisely similar treatment. Judicious pruning often stimulates to active growth and Im proved appearance of seemingly In firm trees. Peasants Keep Their Town Cleaneat. The cleanest town In the world Is said to be Brock, Holland. It la only a tew miles from the capital and has /been famous for Its cleanliness from time Immemorial. It Is also notable on account of the fanciful style of Its houses and yards and gardens and streets. The people, though only peas ants, afe wall to do, and all feel a pride In their town. It seems to be their first business ts keep their gar dens In perfect order and their wards and streets as clean as a parlor. No carts are allowed In the streets and no Cattle, though the raising of stock and the making of butter and cheese are their occupations.—Garden and Farm Rome Town ItKti CONSESTED SPOTS A MENACE Lea Angelea la Facing Problem That la Common to Moat Growing American Cities. Every city has a housing problem which Is In some respect peculiar and characteristic. In Los Angeles this Is to be found In a prevalent type of “house courts," writes William H. Matthews In the Survey. The city ordinance, providing for their regula tion. defines such a court as follows; “A parcel or area of land on which are grouped three or more habitations used or designed to be used for oc cupancy by families and upon which parcel or area the vacant or unoc cupied portion thereof surrounding or abutting on said Habitations Is used or Intended to be used In common by the Inhabitants thereof.” In places thus described a consid erable part of the labor population of Los Angeles lives. There are record ed In the office of the city’s housing commission today some 630 such courts. Within them are Koughly,3.7t)o habitations, housing 10,At) or more people-—Mexicans, Russians, Italians, Slavonians, Austrians, Chinese. Japan ese and a scattering of some twenty other nationalities. The dwellings In these courts pre sent a great variety In general style and method of building. There are the old adobe houses, sometimes re modeled and In fair condition, thougn more often with ceilings, walls and floors In crumbling dilapidated state, yet still yielding goodly rent to their owners. Some co> rts are cluttered with wooden Lhacl.s of every size and kind, big shedlike structures that bouse many people, and again mere boxes and shanties In which one fam ily Is crowded Some seven years ago Jacob Rlls Jarred the complacency of the com munity by stating that one district possessed congested and unwholesome housing conditions quite as bad. though not so extensive as any city hi the land. Through the efforts of the Municipal league and the College Settlement as sociation a hourlng commission was appointed to better housing condi tions. Yet in spite of the fact that the housing commission has succeeded in having demolished many of the more unsightly of these courts, one may still walk many blocks In some parts of the city and see little else. And this, not on the outskirts but within a short distance of the city’s public buildings. There, too, may be found newly constructed courts, conforming to the new housing laws, more esthet ic in appearance than were the old ones, yet with the same congestion of people and even less of privacy of family life. OUT OF PLACE ON STREETS California Newspaper Protests Against Erection of Unnecessary Pillars on Corners of Highways. Many real estate firms and tract owners erect pillars of stone or brick on street corners which are of no use. possess no beauty and represent a de cided lack of taste and good Judgment, the Ixis Angeles Times complains Sim pie pillars should either carry lights, ornamental plants and vines in pots, vases or better still, hollow centers, or they should be finished by parts of walls abutting. They should never merely stand alone without use. A fraction of a wall on one or more sides, of full height against the pillar and stepping down by sharp degrees to the base would render them necessary to stop such winged buttresses, but pil lars alone are abominations and blots on the landscape, no matter bow or nate or whatever their style. Grading the Suburban Lot. When grading or terracing Is to be done on the suburban lot, go about it In the right way by removing the top soil first to a depth of from six to eight Inchea—more If this soli Is peep er; the color will tell you—over the entire surface to be excavated, and also over the area which Is to be ter raced or ramped or altered In any way. Put this In a convenient place where It will not Interfere with build ing and grading operations, but will be accessible when wanted. Then do the work of grading everywhere, bringing all levels to within six Inches of their proposed finished sur face. When all this Is done restore the top soil to the top. spreading It evenly and m little deeper than six Inches allowed over those areas which have been built up, these will set tle. —From “Suburban Gardens,” by Grace Tabor. Co-Operative Garden Village, A prospectus has just been issued In England of the Cardiff Workers’ Co- Operative Garden VlHage eoclety, Ltd., one of those started as a result of the hard work of * Prof. Stanley Olvons, says the current number of “Garden Cities and Town Planning." The es tate of 110 acres lies In easy access to Cardiff, and the layout plan by Ray mond Unwin Is a particularly Inter esting study In development. The houses are to be not more than ten to the acre: 34 are now In course of erection at rents of $1.30 a week and upward. I Engineers as City Managers. There were one hundred and fifty applications for the city managership of Sumter, S. C., most of which were from engineers. A well-known en gineer, in commenting on this fact, said; “It seems to me likely that If the city manager plan makes headway It will provide quite an opening for engineers, since, for the present at least, the members of the engineering profession seem to be better trained than those In any other profession for the work involved.” ILI6J HE An Accomplishment Most Per sons Can Learn. It Looks Easy, but It Requires Spe cial Methods—Two Recipes from England, Where Coal and Not Wood la Customary Fuel. When the first chilly days of au tumn come, the open fire claims much of the affection and attention of the household. For nothing is so cheer ful, so comfortable and so beautiful to look upon us a lire of logs crackling on the hearth, or of glowing coals burning in a grate, i There are some women and some men, as well, who think they do not know how to light a tire; so. If they want to be warm or want to be cheer ful or want to watch the crackling lire, they Aast needs wait for some one more skillful than they to build it. Doubtless there are some persons who cannot build a fire, Just as there are some who eunnot make geraniums grow and some others whose cake al ways falls in the baking. But most persons, If they - will take the trouble to learn a thing or so about the chim ney where they are building a tire, and about the ways of tires in general, will find themselves able to master the art of fire making. Every one knows, of course, that a draft Is one of the first essentials for a good fire, dry fuel is another. So see to It that you have them both at band. Even a poor chimney can be made to harbor a good fire. If its drawing powers are not good, cuddle and coax the fire past the smoking stage. Don’t burn an all wood tire, but establish a glowing bed of coals and rest assured that the poor draft will prove sulli ciently strong to carry off the coal gas and the little smoke that the coals give off. Often even a good chimney smokes when the lire is first built, because the chimney Is cold and damp. If you are sure that there Is a substantial layer of fireproof construction between the chimney and ally framework about the house, light a crumpled sheet of newspaper and thrust It as far up the chimney us you cun reach. Light half a dozen of these in succession and you will have the chimney warm enough to start a smokeless lire. On a damp day this same newspaper warming process might be used to advantage, as much moisture and dampness collect in the chimney in fogs and rains. There must always be room for air to circulate under and behind the tire If you have andirons your tusk is sim ple. Simply place the logs so that room is left behind them for the air to circulate; the undirous hold them high enough to let the air circulate under them. If there are no andirons and no coal basket —a very good lire of logs can be built in a coal basket — lay two stout sticks like andirons and build the fire on these. Have plenty of kindling paper, shavings, excelsior, dry sticks, pine knots or chips- and let this get well lighted before you pile on logs or coal. Here is an English recipe for light Inga coal fire and the English who use coal to the exclusion of wood should be authorities on the subject. Put some cinders in the bottom of the grate. These insure circulation of air, for they are porous and do not cake down. Over them put a couple of sheets of newspaper, crumpled loosely and lay ten sticks of dry wood on the paper. Put the (Ire well back In the grate, but allow room be hind It for circulation of air.' When It 1s crackling, put on a shovelful of coal, and repeat this process until the grate Is sufficiently filled with fire. Another English method of fire lighting Is to light the fire from the top and let It burn downward -which at first sounds something like scoop ing up water with a sieve. This is how it Is done: Put a layer of cin ders In the bottom of the grate and cover these with a good bed of coal Then lay dry sticks- a dozen or so— loosely over the coals. Put on a shovelful of coal and then put half a dozen sheets of crumpled paper on top. Light the paper and watch the fire burn downward. Wholesale Slaughter. ’Til tell you a funny one that’s ah solutely true,” said Bunny Brewer, who has heeded the back-to-the soil movement and recently taken up a homestead on an abandoned looking farm. “Last fall, along about bog kill in’ time, we had some folks from the city out here and a likely lookln gal now qulcher kiddln’—-came out to see how I started the day’s chores. “ 'We’ll be awful busy today, lady,’ says I. “‘What are you going to do?" says she. “ ’We're going to kill a cow,’ “'What —a whole cow at once?’ "What do you think o’ that? Mebbe she thought we were going to butcher a tenderloin steak!” —Cleveland Plain Dealer. A druggist was once questioned why It was necessary to advertise that a certain medicine would be a sure cure. Even admitting it was a good remedy, it couldn’t help all cases. He replied that If you simply told the truth that it was helpful in the majority of Instances, people would never buy it The public dis counted anything that was said and the advertising had consequently to be written above reality. In the long run this exaggeration hurts. The retail merchant catering to a public near his own store suffers Instantly from any mis-statement. The goods, like the cat, come back 'They come back very soon. The Imminence of retribution for mis-statements In local advertising has compelled even a slippery mer chant to be very careful of what he says in a newspaper, Hence the pub Uc can rely on It. When a merchant says publicly that his goods are so and so, he gives a bond to secure the genolness of the article and the satis faction of the purchaser. GOOD RQADS COUNTRY SCHOOL 13 FACTOR Good Roads Mean Higher Moral and Educational Standard*—Should Be Regarded as Investment. , (By HOWARD H GROSS > There Is another factor that has an important bearing upon ihe highways, and that is the country school. Good roads mean belter schools and a high er moral and educational standard; they bring the best instead of the worst out of people. Had roads make one feel as though he did not care how he dressed or how ho appeared. Wherever good roads are built the people begin to buy paint; the house and the barns are treated; the picket fence displaces the tumble-down one in trout; ruse bushes are planted and the lawn has attention; all these things come along apace. Hence good road building should not be re garded as an expense but as an in vestment. They will pay a linger and surer return than money invested in almost any other direction. A high authority lias said that with good roads the farmer can take advantage of the market; with bad roads the market nearly always lakes advan tage of the fanner. How many times Hie situation arises when prices are good and lhe farmer would like to get his: corn or oats off or his hogs, that the roads are nearly impassable? it ho attempts to reacli market he does so seriously handicapped. There is little dcubt that with good roads and watching the market, the farmer can get a belter price for what be has to Bell. Here Is a significant fact that we should not forget: That no stale 01 community ever began the building 01 good loads—we mean roads good itti.i days in the year—and bad the ex perlente of using and paying for them, that they did not keep on build ing more and more good roads every year. The writer is not a prophet, but he makes this prediction; That before the gray hairs appear on the temples of the children who open their eyes first to the light of 1912. we will have a network of good roads that shall practically cover the whole country from Plymouth Hock to Puget sound, and along with I hat we will have a sclnetlflc agriculture that will double the farmer's profit, by show ing how io produce bis grain at prac tically one-half the preut cost, and that tills country will be the happiest, most progressive and enlightened ot all the world. RESULTS WILL BE INDIRECT Missouri Roads Received but Tem porary Improvements—Romans Built Slowly and Laboriously. The chief results qf the holiday of roadmuking recently promoted by the governor of Missouri are likely to be indirect After having toiled and sweated in the sun those who took part will doubtless have a stronger in terest in supporting good roads legis lation. whether or not they are as keen to take part in the actual labor another year. Hut, w hile the Missouri roads may have received large tem porary repairs and improvements, such a holiday, no matter how many participate in it. can hardly accom plish much in the way of permanent road making, says the Springfield Re publican And it is permanent road making of which the country stands in need. Without depreciating the Mis souri performance it may be recalled that the Romans, the greatest road makers the world has known, did not do their work in spasmodic festivals; the roads that they built to last for centuries were built slowly and la boriously FEDERAL MONEY FOR ROADS Appropriation of SSCC,OOO, to Be Divided Among Thirty-Eight States Is Small Beginning. The information conveyed through the American's Washington reports concerning the apportionment of $lO,- OUu to this state Irom the federal ap propriation of $500,000 to assist in building post roads in the various states is important when the full sig nificance is considered. The appro priatiou of s'oo,ooo, to be divided among forty-eight states, is a very small beginning in the- way of building government post roads, but It is a be ginning, says the Baltimore American It is of great significance that the government lias made a start in the direction of federal aid in road build ing. The SIO,OOO apportioned to Mary land goes to pay for one-third the com of a short section of road in Mont gomery county. CITIES NEED MORE SUNLIGHT French Architect Urges Far-Reaching Reform In Street Planning for the Future. Far-reaching reform In city plan ning as a primary factor in the battle gainst tuberculosis was demanded by the architect. Augustin Rey. in an address made before the French So ciety of Civil Engineers. According to M Rey, cities of the future must be so constructed that (he direction of all the streets shall correspond to the sun's daily course in Hie heavens in order that the In habitants may receive (he maximum of light, which Is the greatest mi crobe killer in existence. The task ef architects he says, will be to plan towns In such away that every nook and corner shall receive its share of the sun's rays for the greatest possib’e number of hours daily On this account he Insists that the present system of small apartments will have to go, and their places be taken by smaller and more airy dwellings. He concludes by saying that the present nickname of Paris, "the City of Light," should ho that of all towns which care for the health of their inhabitants. litiiH Uhtd SAFEST Facts About Tall Buildings That Shake. Delicate Instruments Record Lateral and Vertical Vibrations —Evidence of Seismograph and Trepadome ter Used in Suits for Damages. The towering skyscrapers, despite their massive appearance, are rarely absolutely at rest. An almost contin uous series of vibrations passes over New York's massive skyline, says the Sun of that city. The rush of street trallic, the action of engines and ele vators, the tricks of wind pressure are constantly setting up wave motions throughout the great structure of steel and masonry. The fact that these buildings are, within certain limits, elastic, Is of course an assur ance of their safety. Accidents from too much vibration are practically un heard of. The problem of the vibrations Is per haps nowhere so complicated as in downtown New York. Here are group ed, of course, the greatest collection of sykscrapers to be found anywhere In the world The constant passing of subway trains at the very base of these buildings tends to set up vibra tions in every direction. The ele vated railroads and (lie surface curs cause still other vibrations, in every oliice building again will be found con siderable machinery tor running the elevators and performing other work. This is usually located in the low er basements at the roots of the foun dations and the waves thus set in mo tion travel to the extreme height of the structure. The wind pressure Is another important factor. In order to know exactly how a building is affected by these vibra tions several extremely delicate instru ments have been invented. They are adaptations of the familiar seismo graph used to record earthquakes, al though less complicated and sensitive. The commoner form, the seismograph, Is used to measure lateral vibrations. Another machine, the trepadometer, measures the verticr! vibrations. Th i general principle of the apparat us in both cases Is very simple. The seismograph consists of a metal table supported by screws so contrived that the surface may be placed in an absolutely horizontal position. On this table rests a sheet of heavy glass on four steel balls, which are perfectly spherical. Above the glass plate Is an adjustable needle which passes back and forth along a sliding bar. A piece of smoked paper is laid on the glass and the needle adjusted to touch the surface. And vibration of the building is taken up by the steel balls so that the glass on them re mains absolutely stationary. The needle, however, vibrates exactly like the door beneath it and scratches a line, ragged line along the surface of the smoked paper. This line records the vibration of the building with sci entific accuracy. In the trepadometer a heavy weight Is suspended by a long vertical string so delicate that it responds to the slightest vibration. A long arm car rying a pen is attached to the lower si ctlon of the spring. A very slight vibration is magnified by the apparat us, and the pen at the end of the arm traces an irregular line as the spring moves ever so slightly up or down. The pen is set above a sheet of pa per which is moved by clockwork. The paper is placed abput a drum which revolves once in 21 hours. The irreg ular line traced by the pen thus re cords the vibrations of the building for one day. The records of these Instruments are used at times in court to decide damage cases in which the vibration of buildings figures. There may be great difference of opinion as to the damage done by the vibration, but the records of the seismograph and trep adometer are accepted as accurate, in a recent case suil was brought to re cover damages alleged to have been caused by the vibration set up by ma chinery in operation. A number of printing presses, it was said, had caused such vibration that the walls were finally cracked. Several wit nesses visited the building, -but their testimony was contradictory. The readings of the apparatus told the true story, however, and the damages were awarded on this evidence. The most violent vibrations are not found in the highest buildings, as might be imagined, but often in struc tures three or four stories high of old construction. Such buildings are of solid masonry, and therefore have lit tle elasticity, and cannot take up the wave motion. When heavy machinery, such as printing presses, for instance, is set in such a building, the jar will be very perceptible on every lloor. The structure of the modern sky scraper is entirely different and far safer. In it the brick or stone is mere ly a shell hung upon a great steel structure. The steel riveted together is more or less elastic. A building of say 40 stories could vibrate like a gi ant tuning fork, could even crack and loosen the brisk and masonry, and yet not bo in danger of being injured. The vibrations in a building may be shown with a spoonful of water in a small dish. A glass dish is better tor the purpose, a watch crystal is just the thing. Let this be set in any building in the busy, crowded parts of the city and you will find a frequent vibration. The test may be made more delicate by placing a few drops of mercury in the receptacle. You will find that the surface of the liquid is constantly vexed by minute waves Very Probable. Llteleigh—lt was an unfortunate thing the devil tempted Eve in the form of a serpent. Bltelelgh—ln what way? Llteleigh—Well, if he had ap proached her in the form of a mouse, Adam would never tasted that apple, —Puck. Children Cry FOR FLETCHER’S CASTO R I A -.Be |*jU rCASTORIAi McCaTs Magazine and McCall Patterns For Women More FMa limn any other i magi'-, in..' a ■ a• ... ;J.uls is the ' ifliaiila 1 is!i ill.i >■ monthly in t one mi!'<.'i lt\d thousand honi's It si'.i- u r.;' all tile latest designs of i; Ca i i‘. u.i rs, ■ ach issue is 1 rnni' lof ■ ’•■'!* : r. i oit st ncs andheij tul r >• i for women. Save Mency ai d K-ep In '•tyle by subscribing (or Mcl a l , Miyi'iiiP ,ii once. 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The or ins and •boulders "f hog w ti'biiiir (live v .In) Dorn :tSO to hik* noui.ds. ac cording i" i,ow i 1 11 • i ;i* Is trimmed; medium or i r-r ,i <i - from J'i ; i.v< pomiig and the small or I tent -i/efroni 1 . .fjh pound*. A !,r- trial w;'* ' I tain every claim for out sack', and vs-- it iliut where once used they will • in* a ijouvf '• necessity. Ask y ir / o. er for them. Price .1,4 and ac nt* apiece, aucordliis: to size MAM A. TLKID ONLY HY THE Grsat ok iiara Ptfl. A Mfq To > . i icirw. M t - .^rrrsz THE - BALTIMORE NEWS Daily and Sunday fA live, independent news ; paper, published every aft ornrion daily and Sunday'. ’ • '<■■■■■ ihor,i>i 1 )’ ae citv. •u .e ur.e joauiry. *A newspaper for the lionic—i'or the family cir cle. Rbijoys the confidence and respect of its readers. *’Ono cent everywhere. Buy it from your local Newsdealer or order by mail. One month $ .30 Six months.... . ... $1.75 One year,...i 3.50 The Baltimore News • BALTIMORE, HD.