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I® aster ° Euter. bl*fd E**terl A. LM A w| w| Tt.; 1 1 When • man arose lo coniciouaneai CALDER That DO. include .U Birth. JOrtNSXOI | w As vigor came with sunshint. He rued hit eyet to Heaven, And named the name of Cod. Creeds come, and creed* may go, Celebration of Easter in History EXT to Christmas, Easter Ift*nSbq *■ greatest festival of the Christian church. || Qs In primitive times it was salute one another on the morning of this day by exclaim ing: “Christ is risen,” to which the saluted person replied: “lie is risen, indeed," or "And hath appeared unto Simon" —a custom retained In the Greek church. The common name of this festival in the East was the paschal feast, be cause kept at the same time as the Jewish passover, and In some meas ure succeeding to it. In the sixth of the Ancyran canons It is called the "Great day." The term "Easter" Is derived from "Eastre,” a Saxon diety, whose feast was celebrated every year in the spring, the name being retained when the character of the feast was changed. Easter is In name, as well as in real ity, the feast of the resurrection. Although there has never been any difference of opinion in the Chris tlan church as to why Easter Is kept, there has been a good deal as to when it ought to be kept. It is one of the movable feasts —that is. it is not fixed to one particular day, like Christmas day. Easter moves backward and for ward, according as the full moon next after the vernal equinox falls nearer or farther from the equinox. The ac cepted rule for ascertaining the day upon which Easter falls Is as follows; Easter day Is always the first Sunday after the hill moon which happens upon or next after the 21st day of March, and if the full moon happens upon a Sunday, Easter day Is the Sun day after. The paschal controversy, which for a time divided Christendom, grew out of a diversity of custom. The churches of Asia Minor, including many Juda ited Christians,kept their paschal feast on the same day that the Jews kept their Passover, the 14th of Nlsan, the Jewish month corresponding to our March or April. But the churches of the West, remembering that the Lord's resurrection took place on a Sunday, kept their festival on the Sunday fol lowing the 14tb of Nlsan. By so doing they hoped not only to commemorate the resurrection on the day of the week on which it actually occurred, but also distinguish themselveg more effectually from the Jews. For a time this difference was borne with mutual forbearance and charity. And when disputes began to arise. Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, went on a visit to Rome, and conferred with Anlcetas, bishop of that city, upon the question. Polycarp pleaded while An- Icetas adduced the practice of St. Pe ter and St. Paul. Concessions were made by neither side, and so the mat ter was dropped, or rather held in abeyance, but the two bishops con tinued in Christian friendship and con cord. This was in A. D. 168. Toward the end of the century, how ever, Victor, bishop of Rome, resolved to compel the eastern churches to conform to the western practice, and wrote an imperious letter to the prel ates of Asia, commanding them to keep the festival of Easter at the time observed by the western churches. They naturally reseated this, and de clared that they wo aid keep the day at the time they hao beep accustomed to observe it. From this point the dis pute gathered strength, and became the source of much bitterness. At the commencement of the fourth century matters had gone to such a length that the Emperor Constantine thought it his duty to take steps to atop the controversy, and to Insure uniformity of practice. For this pur pose he had a canon passed In the great ecumenical council at Nice, A. D. 325. "That everywhere the great feast of Easter should be observed upon one and the same day, and that not the day of the Jewish Passover, but, as had been generally observed, upon tha Sunday following." And, to prevent all further disputes aa to time, the following rules were laid down: iuui march 21 shall be accounted the vernal equinox. That the full moon happening upon or next after the 21st of March shall be taken for tlie full moon of Nisan. That the lord’s day next following that full moon be Easter day. Hut If the full moon happen upon a Sunday, Easter day shaJl be the Sunday after. As the Egyptians at that time ex celled In astronomy, the bishop of Alexandria was appointed to give no tice of Easter day to the pope and patriarchs. Hut it soon became evi dent that this arrangement could not endure. It was too Inconvenient and liable to Interruptions. The fathers of the next age began, therefore, to adopt the golden numbers of the Mo tonic cycle, and to place them in tlie calendar against those days in each month on which the new moons should fall during that year of the cycle. The Metonlc cycle was a period of 11' years. It had been observed by Melon, an Athenian philosopher, that the moon returns to have Its changes on the same month and day of the month in Their Easter Offering the solar year, after a lapse of 19 years, and so, as it were, to run a cycle. He published his discovery at the Olympic games, H. C, 432, and the cycle has ever since borne his name. Hut though the new muon really happened on the same day of the year after a space of 19 years as it did before, it fell an hour earlier on that day, which, In the course of time, as will be seen, created a serious error that hud to be reckoned with and caused much confusion. A cycle was then framed at Horn* for 84 years, and generally received by the western church, for it was then thought that in this space of time the moon's changes would return, not only to the same day of the month, but of the week as well. During the time that Easter was kept according to this cycle Britain was separated from the Roman em pire, and the British churches for a time after the separation continued to keep Easter according to this table of 84 years. British and Irish churches adopted the Alexandrian rule, accord ing to which the Easter festival could not begin before March 8 About 100 years later the English churches con formed to the Roman rule. The Roman system now prevails the world over, and Easter is celebrated on the same day everywhere. HUSBANDS FOR SALE CHEAP Woman In Her Dream Saw Men Done Up In Bunphe* Like Asparagus and Sold for Ten Cents. Some time ago a man was awakened la the night to find hie wife weeping uncontrollably. "My darling!” he exclaimed, "what Is the matter?” "A dream!” she gasped. "I have had such a horrible dream.” Her husband begged her to tell It to him In order that he might comfort her. After long persuasion she was Induced to say this; “1 thought 1 was walking down the street, and I came to a warehouse where there was a large placard, ’Hus bands for eale.’ You could get beau tiful ones for $1,&00 or even for $1,200, and very nice looking ones for as low as a hundred.” The husband asked Innocently; "Did you see any that looked like me 7” The sobs became strangling. "Dosens of them," gasped the wife, "done up In buuebes like asparagus and sold for ten cents a bunch.” To the Unbeliever Is it too much to lay Your unbelief aside Just for this one brief day, Just for His sake who died Nailed to the cruel tree, There where the darkness fell? Is it too much, since He Gave so freely and well? Is it too much to give Him they could crucify For teaching men how to live, For showing them how to die? Humbly He came, and so He went on His righteous way. Is it too much to throw Doubt aside for today? Is it too much to bow Humbly a little while? Think of His bleeding brow. See His pitying smllel He gave us His all and took Nothing but sin away; Is it too much to look Upward with love today? S. E. KISER | WUMf WWtitWWtf Irttifrftffl 1 The Comfort of Easter Dau I Lesson of Season That Brought Peace to Afflicted Little Heart m v HE child was sobbing bit IrTi terly. The sweet young fi ■< mother whom he loved (JN had been buried In the tem earth. He thought that she iCf had gone forever. r A loving aunt had come j/jff! to ta ke care of him, and ! rji / she tried lo comfort him "Your mother is living still, dear,” she said. “You will see her again She is watching you this minute. She loves you just the same as ever." "No. no," wept tire child; "she is dead. The doctor said so; and 1 know It is true, because 1 kissed her, and she did not kiss me back again. It she had known, she would have kissed me back again—for she always did. And, oh. oh —my mother is dead!” "I know it seems so, darling," sighed the aunt, whose own heart was sore and heavy, "but under that still face there was yet life. Christ showed us that when he rose from the dead He did not answer when his mother and his disciples called him; but one day lie rose frojn this seeming death, to show us that no one really dies That was the first Easter day. Men had always hoped—but they bad never surely known before then —that the dead could rise again. Is it not beau tiful, dear?” The child for a little seemed com forted. Then he looked over to the familiar chair where the sweet mother had been wont lo hold him and pel him, and again he broke into sobs. He was only five —and his little mind could not grasp the great, sweet truth \ which his aunt had been telling him At last she said; "I will show it to ■ you some time so that you will under stand” It was 1 the early springtime that the young mother had been laid away from his sight. The cold winds were blowing, tlio trees looked bare and gaunt and dead. Out among the leafless woods the aunt led the grieving child. "See these poor trees,” she said to him. "Hoes It not look to you us though they were quite dead?” He felt carefully of the branch which she held out to him. "Yes," lie answered; "it is only an old dead stick—just good to burn in the fire.” "It seems so," she admitted, "but wait a while, and we will come buck hero again.” One warm, sunny day. a few weeks later, she took him to the same spot and showed him the same bough ; again. It was covered with soft, j fuzzy leaf-buds, and little clusters of tender green leaves were bursting from them. "This Is the same bough that you thought was dead,” she said. "What do you think now?” "It wasn’t dead, was it?" murmured the child slowly. "What pretty leaves! w 1 am glad it wasn’t dead." •And it is so with our dear ones who die,” she reminded him gently. "They seem dead, but they really live; and somewhere they are happy and beautiful —more beautiful than they were here —just as the leaves are more beautiful than the bare tree.” The child gazed after them. Then i he looked back at the once dead-look- j Ing, bare trees. He remembered well ' the queer, brown sticks. How wonder- j ful It was! "They seemed dead,” she reminded , him again, gently; "but you see that 1 they were not.” "No,” he rejoined thoughtfully, “they j ! were not.” “It is so with our dear ones,” she \ repeated. "They may seem to be dead, i but they are not.” One day she took some poppy seed and showed lo him. "is it pepper?" he asked. "Or is it I the powder that my father uses In his I gun?" "No,” she told him. "It is not pep ! per, nor powder; but It seems just as dead, doesn’t It?” "Yes,” he answered again, positively. "It is just as dead as it cun be.” “I am going to drop It into the earth here." she said eravelv: and she Children Cry FOR FLETCHER’S CASTORIA took up a trowel and dug into the rich earth. Then she scattered the dead powder In the hole that she had made, and covered It carefully. A fortnight later she took the child to see it. "You remember that dead black powder that we sowed here,” she re minded him. "Yes,” he answered quickly. "It was just here. This is the little board you put in so that we might know.” "And yet these pretty little gray- | green plants came from those dead, ' black seeds," she told him. "Right out of them?” ho asked breathlessly. "Yes. They seemed so small and black, you know; yet there was the germ of a little plant In each one of them, and soon they will be covered with bright flowers. We could never believe anything so strange if we did not see it right before our eyes. And so it Is with the loved ones that we think are dead. They are not dead: and in some other world, we do not know where, they bloom from their cold, lifeless bodies, just as the leaves broke from the tree, and these little plants from the dead seeds." "Yes —yes, I see," breathed the child, through starting tears. “Hut men were dull," went on the loving aunt, trying to make it very plain to him, "For hundreds of years men had seen the dead trees leave out. and the plants spring from dead seed, and still they could not really believe that if a man died he would live again. So God sent Christ to show us all these things. Ho taught us how to live; and then ho seemed to die, but he rose from the dead on the third day, and talked with his friends, to show us that, as ho lived after death, so we should live also. And the great apostle Paul made it plainer still. He said that wo were sown a natural body and we should be raised a spiritual body. We do not understand it, any more than we understand this marvelous change of the seed Into the flower: but wo ] must believe that it is true.” "Yea,” breathed the child; "I see, and 1 must believe that my mother Is up yonder”—he waved his little hand —"with a beautiful new body; not sick any more, and happy, and that I will see her again when I go up there, too." “You see,” she explained to him, "men were so glad—so glad when the "Out Among the Leafless Woods She Led Him." great hope came to them that they would live after death that every year they rejoice on the day Christ rose. Tor two thousand years they have kept that day. Just think what Joy it brought Into the world!" | "is It the happiest day in the year?” j he asked her. She thought of the day of Christ's birth, and spoke of it. j "Hut I think," he said at last thought fully, "that it was more beautiful to hate him come back from the dead even limn to have him born; so 1 am going to like the Easter day best of all." j She did not find any fault with his choice. She knew that just then, to that afflicted little heart, the thought 1 of the Easter day was the sweetest thing in the world. —Christian Herald. Day of the Goddess of Dawn. Easter, or, as it is called in Ger many, Ostern, was the day of the Goddess Ostra (her Anglo-Saxon name was Eastre), the goddess of dawn, of the coining morning light. in her honor the bonfires were lighted, and deep-rooted indeed must the worship of her have been, for the name was i kept and applied to one of the highest I Christian feasts. Benefits of Lent. “After all," said Mrs. Gadsleigh, "we really need the quiet and the self-de nials of Lent.” "Yes," replied Mrs. Ka Flippe, “I don’t know how 1 should ever have j been able to collect the evidence I shall need in my suit for divorce If it hadn’t been for the lull that Lent has brought in my social affairs.” i Activities of Women. Of the 90,000 trades union women in i New York city 90 per cent, are foreign ers. ! in Oregon the law fixes a minimum | wage of $9.25 a week for adult women 1 clerks. Miss Elaine Golding has gone to Panama, where she expects to swim the Panama canal. Kansas women are asking that they have equal property rights with their husbands. Mrs. E. H. Harriraan, widow of the railroad magnate, receives on an aver age of 800 letters each month asking for aid in the shape of money. Miss Mary B. Hell, who acts as spe cial examiner for the interstate com | merce commissioner, is the first wom an who ever acted in that capacity. Miss Anita Belleville, who acts as purveyor of the correct time In Lon don. is probably the only woman in the world to hold such a position. LIME AS A SOIL IMPROVER Should Be Worked In During Cultiva tion. W. E. HANGER. Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station. Farmers everywhere have now started their spring work. Manure spreaders are busy gelling manure i out on fields to be plowed for corn. No doubt many are thinking of using lime on their fields. Why not use it on tne field to be planted to corn? This is an excellent plan because toe lime can be spread on the land after plowing and worked into the lop lay ers of the soil at the same time that the seed bed is being prepared. The mistake Is otteu made of using too light an application. Not less , | titan a ton of burned lime or two tons of ground lime stone or oyster shells should be used per acre. Such an ap plication as tliis need not be given oftener than every once in five or six years so that the cost for lime would not be more than 50 or liU cents an acre per year. Willie the good effects of lime may not be very evident on the corn crop, It will no doubt Increase the grain i crop following and certainly stimulate tiie growth of clovers and grasses the following year. Probably In no other way can a like amount of money be expended to greater advantage, t In buying lime it lias been found that if pure burned lime costs $2.75 , per ton at the kiln, then hydrated lime j or slacked lime should he $2.10 and ground limestone $1.50 per ton. What i kind you should use depends entirely upon Its quality, price, and the distance it can be hauled to advantage. WE SHOULD HAVE BETTEH GRASS YIELDS Seeding Timothy To Itself With Lib eral Top Dressing Doubles the Yield. NICHOLAS SCHMITZ. Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station. The yield of lluiotuy hay in Mary land, bom in quality ami ui me tons per acte is lar Uciow wnal could be proutub.y produced on the land now in meuuow. In tact, fanners have harvested so many unsaUslaclory crops ot late years that t.iey ate in dined to try something new as a forage crop il anyuang can he lound that would be an improvement on timothy, red lop, or the clovers. The remedy, 1 believe, is not to be found in a new crop, but in bettet cultural methods than those we al ready have. Recent experiments at the Maryland Experiment Station huh I cate that a much improved yield may be secured by seeding grass to ilseil in the early tall and hy the proper use of fertilizers in the spring. These tests carried on in t iree fields, one ol timothy, one of red lop, ami one of a mixture of timothy, red lop, and clovei showed that phosphoric acid when ap plied alone as in raw bone, acid rock, or any other material had very little effect on timothy, red top. or any other grass. On the other Hand, nitrogen or ammonia, especially as found in Nitrate of Soda, regularly gave a large increase in yield. Taking into account, the case of applying Hie fertilizer and the quality of the hay, the best results were got ten by using equal parts of nitrate of soda and acid phosphate at the rate of 25u pounds of each per acre. As com pared to strips of grass adjoining that had no fertilizer used on it Hie yield in 1912 was 1.53 tons per acre as against 2.94 tons where the above mix ture was applied as a top dressing. In 1913 the yield was .97 tons, as against 2.93 tons or over three times the yield on land where no fertilizer was used: 250 pounds of nitrate of sode was found to be the most economical amount to use in making the greatest profits possible by top dressing. The fertilizer should be applied as soon as the grass starts to grow. BONE NECESSARY TO HEALTHY CHICKS Builds Up the Framework Of Their Bodies and Keeps Them Healthy. ROY H. WAITE. Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station. All growing animals require mineral matter with which to build up a frame | work to support their bodies. The ! more rapidly an animal matures the ! larger the proportion of mineral ma terial required In its feed during this growth. Most animals mature slowly | enough so that they get sufficient ash from the ordinary feeds, but chickens I grow very rapidly and it one isn’t care ful in feeding more flesh will he formed than can be supported by the bird’s bones. 1“ ~ ——— LEGWEAKNESS IN CHICKS. A small dock of chickens on free range will usually get plenty of bone j forming material from the bugs and I insects they pick up, but in the case j of large flocks there isn’t enough to go : around, especially if kept on a re stricted run. Lime and ashes will help 1 some, but are not enough. The safest | i plan is too keep some ground or granu- j j lated bone in a dish before the chicks I at all times. They will eat very little, but this I little they want badly. Let's not have any weaklegged crookedbreasted, | hump-backed, loose-feathered, un healthy looking creatures in our back ! yards this spring. A few cents worth of bone will work wonders. , I Few States have greater agricultural 1 possibilities with our long seasons, fine j j climate, abundant rainfall, varied soils j adaptable to such a variety of prod- i ucts, as well as proximity to the best markets in the world. Children Cry FOR FLETCHER S CASTORI A p^E-fiftSTOßlft ||||i For Infants and Children. ftS Mt(!Du Thß Kind You Have IKS Always Bought Pf'if ALCOHOL 3 ELK CKNT~ M Efliy AM'yclalilePrcparalionforAs IT, _ m . IMH # A / liagtlAC Sioniaclis aiitlßowclsol' i M V! U| HI MimiiltlM Signature /Aj> Promotes p A. X• f H*l> ness and Rcsi.Contains ucillicr U1 #l\ \JJ Biiic Opium .Morphine nor Mineral It \i i V ! 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