Catoctin clarion. [volume], March 23, 1916, Image 4

About Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940

Image provided by: University of Maryland, College Park, MD

                
IMPROVEMENT OF’ DAIRY COW
How Much Credit Must Be Given for
‘ Better Feeding and Care and How
Much for Breeding?
In increasing the production of a
dairy herd how much credit must be
given for better feeding and care and
how much for better breeding and se
lection ?
This question has been argued back
and forth and experiment stations in
tbls and all other countries have made
Young Jereeye at Pasture.
tests showing that from nine to fifty
per cent increases have been made by
better feeding and care.
The answer, of course, depends a
great deal on previous feeding and
care, but it is not an Important ques
tion.
The Important thing is that wa know
positively that by better feeding and
care better breeding and selection the
production can be increased very
largely and very profitably. It doesn't
matter what form of effort gets the
credit, the result is what we want.
DEVICE TO SEPARATE CREAM*
Machine Will Often Pay for Itself In
One Year, Much Depending on
Number of Cowa Kept.
The cream separator is a mechani
cal device for separating the cream
from the milk, almost instantaneously
by centrifugal force. Its advantages
over the old methods of separation
are:
1. It takes practically all the but
ter fat and will save from five to ten
dollars per cow each year over any
methods.
2. Skim milk has Its greatest feed
ing value while warm, clean and
sweet,
3. The labor connected with the
care of the milk can be decreased
and the profits from the cows greatly
increased because a better quality of
cream can be obtained.
A cream separator is an invest
ment and not an expense to anyone
who keeps five or six good cows, and
wants to make butter or sell cream.
A separator will often pay for Itself
in one year, often in less time, ac
cording to the number of cows kept.
With proper care and attention, a
cream separator will last a decade.
CHURNING HINTS FOR WINTER
Butter-Making Troubles May Be Over
come by Keeping Cream at the
Proper Temperature.
Troubles arising from winter butter
making may largely be overcome by
keeping the cream to be churned at
a temperature of 52 degrees Fahren
heit until two days before churning,
when It should be placed where the
temperature is about 75 degrees Fahr
enheit.
The cream should be kept at 68 to
60 degrees Fahrenheit during churn
ing time and when the butter collects
into small nut sizes the buttermilk
should be drained off and water at a
temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit
should be poured over it. repeating
the rinsing process two or three times.
With the last rinsing, give twenty
churning revolutions and draw off the
water. To work the butter, place the
particles on a flat board and strew the
salt over It uniformly and work Just
enough to distribute the salt evenly
throughout the butter.
MILK ONLY WITH DRY HANDS
. • :k 1
Practice of Wetting Hands Is Filthy
Habit and Liable to Cause Cow 'i
Teats to Chap.
e <
Milkers should be allowed to milk
only with dry hands. The practice of
wetting the hands with milk Is a filthy
habit and is liable to cause the cows'
teats to chap In the winter time. 1
Milking should be done quickly sad
thoroughly, with no violent Jerking Of
the teats.
After each cow is milked the milk
should be removed immediately to the
milk house.
Avoid Wooden Stalls.
Stalls of wood haw many flat sur
faces and cracks which are difficult
to keep clean, and in case of an out
break of disease are not easy to dis
infect thoroughly. Stalls and swing
stanchions made of metal pipe are
more sanitary.
Spanish Fishing Industry,
The annual production of fish in
Spain amounts to nearly $20,000,000
yearly in value. There are 586 steam
and 15,191 sailing vesdels engaged in
the Industry. The annual production
of tinned fish is 3,600,000 cases of ten
tins to the case. The pack of Portugal
is about 1,500,000 cases, and that of
France in normal times about 1,000,000
cases. Large quantities of Spanish
packed fish are sent abroad undei
French and ItAJlan labels.
CORN SELLER EASILY MADE
Faw Scraps of Wood and Handful sf
- Splkss Are AH That Is Nacsasary
to Maks Dev let.
Where only a little corn la to be
shelled a homemade corn shelter can
be 1 made vary easily, a few scraps of
wood and-a handful'of spikes being
put together as shown here, aays
Farming Business. A block of wood
having n sloping notch cut from
one end la mounted on three legs. A
lever is attached lo the block by
means of a bolt that allows the lever
to work easily, and both the lever and
Homemade Com Shcller.
cutaway portion of the block are stv .1-
Oed with spikes driven in so tbit
their heads protrude about a ht. I
inch. The ear of corn to be shelled s
placed in the notched part and |!:t
lever pressed down, two or tbr
•trokes taking off all the corn. A box I e
low the notch aud attached to the i >f
catches all the corn as it is shelled
The ear is held in one hand and t it
lever operated with the other, the e u
being turned to bring each side inti
contact with the spikes.
WHY NOT TRUE PREPAREDNESS
IN RURAL EDUCATIQNT
"Preparedness" is the present cry.
Well, genuine education is true prep
aration. Teach our youths how to be
come efficient and economical in their
Jita work and the problem is readily
solved.
Maks the Corn clubs, the Home
making Clubs, the Poultry competi
tions, the Cookljig aud Se vlpg con
tests and all such activities a part of
the school system. Let the work on
the farm and in the boma become a
part of the school study, Let the rural
school not only teach farm accounting,
but have the pupils keep the accounts
of their farms and homed,
Seed testing, soil examination,
stock Judging and solsctlng, garden
planting, and working, household man
agement and routine, canning fruit and
vegetables, milk management, egg
testing. Incubating, brooding, bal
ancing rations and feeding the rations,
recording progress, and studying re
sults, learning to reason on homely
subjects and to solve personal prob
lems, learning to think aud to work
efficiently—these arc some of the
items of real rural education —is this
narrow educating? No! It is us
broad as the life and the work of the
world. Are we leaving out culture?
No! The highest and beat culture
comes through studying intelligently
the country, the life about ua, nature,
human nature, and the work ef the
world—this we cannot do without
knowing something of the thoughts of
our poets, our philosophers, our his
torians, and our writers as well as our
scientlsU and our teachers of practical
things. We should have all of the
best that we have now, but so applied
as to make the life we live brlgbtei
and more satisfying to our children.
Educate to this end!
SOW SWEET PEAS EARLY.
B. W. ANSPON,
Maryland Agricultural College.
This flower will grow in any good
garden soil that is well drained, pro
vided it is in a sunny and open loca
tion. To secure early flowers and best
results, spring sowing is generally
used, in order to have the plants
strong, they should be sown early.
They should be sown Just as soon as
the ground can be worked. To de
terrain# When the ground is dry
enough to work, take up some of the
soil and form It tato a bail with the
band. If it falls apart, the ground la
dry enough to work. Some start tba
plants in paper pots or thumb pots in
the hot bed, but especially good re
suits are obtained by sowing outdoors.
Prepare the soil well by spading
deeply. Adding well rotted manure
will be a great baneflt. Then make a
shallow trench about 4 inches deep, ip
the bottom of this, plant the seed two
dnebes apart. Where one uses poultry
netting or brush, to serve as trellis,
two raws may be sown 6 to • inches
apart.
FIVE SOUND “POULTRY RULES
Keep Nssts Clean—Gather j Eggs ,
Twice Dally and Store In Cool
Plaea—Sell the Rooetere.
It is urged that all farmers and
pouitrymen adhere strictly to the fol
lowing rules in handling their poul
try and eggs:
1. Keep the nests clean; provide
one nest for every four hens.
2. Gather the eggs twice daily.
3. Keep the eggs in a cool, dry
room or cellar.
4. Market the eggs at least twice a
week.
6. Sell, kill, or confine all male
bird* as soon as the batching season
is over.
Feathers From Geese.
The big Toulouse goose should pro
duce you something over a dollar's
worth of feathers a year even whera
the feather market is known to bo
cheap, as in the far-out country places.
Add this to Its other profit and you
have a valuable asset for profit In such
a goose.
REMEDY FOR ACUTE BLOATING
On* Quart of a V/ 2 Per Cent of Form
alin Recommended by Kentucky
'experiment Station.
Circular No. & of the Kentucky ex
periment station, Lexington Ky.,
•tales: "We strongly recommend, for
acute bloating (of cattle), one quart
of a per cent solution of formalin,
followed by placing a wooden stick in
the animal's mouth and gentle exer
else if the animal can be gotten up."
This treatment proved successful in
treating six cases of acute bloat at the
station during the last two years, suf
fering from the ailment disappearing
in twenty to thirty minutes.
A study of the problem of a success
ful treatment for bloat, other than
puncture, was brought about by the
usual growth of white clover in
Kentucky pastures during the spring
of 1913. Trouble with bloating or
hoven among cattle on legume pas
tures is quite common, especially dur
ing the period when they are bloom
ing. Chemical study revealed that
there is a considerable quantity of
sugar In the blossoms of various leg
umes, the amount varying from less
than 1 per cent to 3.6, and that there
is a natural fermentation of this sugar
to carbon dioxide gas, under the condi
tions which exist in the digestive
tract.
After finding that bloating is caused
by fermentation of the sugar, in le
gumes that are eaten. Doctor Kastle of
that station suggested the use of for
maldehyde xs a means of relieving the,
ailment. 1-ad‘s Oona bloated badly on
white clover June 13, 1913. She was
drenched with one liter of water con
taining 40 c. c. of formalin, a block
of wood being placed between the Jaws
afterwards to keep her mouth open.
"At the end of 20 minutes," the cir
cular states, “she had entirely recov
ered. No bad after-effects followed
this treatment.”
Formalin Is a trade name for a 40
per cent solution of formaldehyde gas
)n water, and It may be purchased at
almost any drug store for about 40
cents a pint. One-half an ounce of
formalin in one quart of water makes
the right solution with which to
drench an animal for bloat
ADVANTAGES OF A FEED BAG
Wide Mouth of Device Permits Morse
to Lift His Head Without Spill
ing Peed on Ground.
It Is stated that the wide mouth ol
this bag permits a horse while feed
ing to lift his head without spilling
A Handy Feed Bag.
the feed. It is claimed further that
the bug may be quickly attached and
removed. —Independent Farmer.
SCREENINGS MAKE GOOD FEED
Sheep Gain From Twelve to Fifteen
Pounds During First Thirty Days,
Says Ontario Station.
The Ontario experiment Station has
found that screenings are used in
largn quantities for the winter feeding
of sheep, the sheep being taken from
the range and fed for about 30 days.
At first they are given only hay, then
a small quantity (one-half pound a
day) of light, chaffy screenings is add
ed. Gradually the quantity of screen
ings is increased until in about a
week or ten days, the sheep have ac
cess to the "self feeders" from which
they eat all the screenings they care
for (about two pounds a day). At the
samo time the proportion of chaff in
the screenings is decreased and the
proportion of grain increased. Grad
ually the screenings are replaced with
corn.
On the screenings the sheep usually
gain from. 12 to 16 pounds during the
first 30 days, after that leas rapidly.
It Is staged that 50,000 sheep will eat
about tv.o cars of screenings and a
car of corn per day. Seed-house
screenings and screenings containing
a large proportion of broken flax are
avoided. Another use that is made of
elevator screenings Is in the manufac
ture of mixed feeds, chiefly molasses
feeds.
MOLDY SILAGE IS HARMFUL
Complaints Mads That Farmers Lots
Horses and Mules—Carefully
Avoid All Spoiled Stuff.
Every winter farmers complain of
ipaing horses or mules by feeding
spoiled silage. Damaged or moldy
silage is not first-class feed for any
animal. Even cattle should be fed
carefully, but the greatest care should
be exercised with horses and colts.
See that no moldy stuff gets Into their
feed boxes and that none is left
there from one feed to another to
■poll.
Good silage does not hurt horses,
but remember the mold that some
times occurs in spots may kill them
at any time.
Children Cry
FOR FLETCHER’S
CASTORIA
ATTRACTIVE SURROUND
INGS FOR OUR FARM HOMES
Suggestions For Laying Out Grounds
And Planting Attractive
Shrubbery.
B. W. ANBPON,
Maryland Agricultural College.
Ara you entirely satisfied with your
home grounds? Have you envied youi
neighbor who had a well planted yard?
If so now Is the time to remedy that
condition. As the growing season is
rapidly drawing near we should have
uur plan prepared before planting time
comes.
To prepare a plan is not a difficult
task, In fact, It proves a very Inter
esting one, when the various members
of the family are consulted and their
views are Incorporated In the plan.
Take the measurements of the
grounds and transfer them to a good
piece of drawing paper. Locale on the
plan all existing objects as bouse,
buildings, fences, trees, walks, etc.
This should be drawn to scale. If we
use the scale one inch equals twenty
feet every Inch on the plan will repre
sent twenty feet of the grounds.
With this plan before you it Is a
simple matter to view the whole area
at a glance. Here one can only study
the relation of one part to the other.
Those plantings that have not pleased
us can be changed, and so arranged
that they will make more pleasing ef
fects,
'Vhere trees are too crowded this
should be Indicated on the plan. New
groupings, changes in the walks, in
fact any work that is to be done on the
grounds should be Indicated on this
plan. Then we will have a clear rec
ord of the changes to be made. All
the work does not have to be done at
once. If limited funds are available
a portion of the work can be done this
spring, the rest later. Without a plan
this would be impossible. No mind
can carry a definite plan from one
year to the next. We are prone to at
tempt details that are found in other
gardens without considering the gen
eral arrangement, from which these
details are taken. Consequently a
poor garden is the result. Every gar
den should be a picture. One definite
idea should be carried out; all other
ideas should be subordinate to this
main one.
Make Your Own Plan.
One should select the style of gar
dening one wishes to follow and ad
here to that style.
For most conditions the informal
style is best. In arranging our plan
according to this style there are sev
eral general principles that should be
considered.
1. Keep tiie renters open. This pro
vides for a large expanse of lawn,
which serves as a background upon
which to make the picture by means
of trees, shrubs and flowers,
2. Plant In masses, In this style we
desire the effect of the mass rather
than the individual plant.
3. Arrange the groups in irregular
borders, not In straight lines. To
unite the buildings with the grounds
vines and founflation plantings of
shrubs are useful. Thereby the
angular lines of the foundations can be
concealed.
Send to reliable nurserymen for
their catalogues. From these select
the plants wanted. Great pleasure can
be derived from groupings of native
plants. There are many native plants
in tills State that lend themselves to
planting in the home grounds. Among
these may be mentioned button-bush,
flowering dogwood, arrow wood, fringe
tree, elders, alders, wild azalea, moun
tain laurel, oaks, pines, maples, hick
ories, tulip popular, sweet gum, black
gum, etc.
With o many plants to select from
that ara perfectly hardy there is no
reason why we should select tender
plants. Frequently we see such plants
that are tied up in straw and burlap
during the winter to prevent their
freezing.
SOYBEANS IN MARYLAND,
Of late a great deal of Interest
in soybeans has been manifested
throughout Maryland. Soybeans are
well adapted to practically all sections
of Maryland, as far as climate is con
cerned, but thrive best on rich loam
and clay soils. They will not grow as
well as cow-peas on poor, sandy soils,
but are far better than eoypeas on
stiff, clay soils. They will also stand
poor drainage batter than cowpeas
will. In other words, in those sections
where cowpeas do not grow well, soy
beans will be far more satisfactory.
They are also belter adapted to Hie
stiff clay soils in the sections now pro
ducing cowpeas well than the cowpeas
are.
The two Important factors to be
taken into consideration in the pro
duction of soybeans are inoculation
and the selection of the proper varie
ties.
Practically all soils in Maryland
must be inoculated for soybeans if
they have not previously grown soy
beans successfully.
The best varieties for Maryland are
Wilson, Virginia, Ebony, Cloud, Ar
lington. Medium Yellow, Haberlandl,
Hollybrook, Peking and Taba. The
Mammoth Yellow variety Is commonly
found on the market but it is one of
the poorest varieties for Maryland ex
cept where It I# simply used for a
green manure crop.-Nicholas Schmitz,
Maryland Agricultural College Extern
•ton Service.
Four Cardinal Points.
Lambs, wool, mutton and manure
are the four cardinal points of sheep
raising. Profit is not In the total
amount derived but the excess alter
the cost is deducted.
Feed Ewes Generously.
It pays to feed and care for the
ewes generously, as It not only in
sures a good crop of lambs, but it
also makes the wool better and heav
ier.
PROFIT IN GOOD HOUSING
Coal Companies of Pennsylvania Build
Modern Dwellings and Rent
Thom to Miners.
At first glance there might not seem
to be a close connection between good
housing and coal mining, but the fact
remains that able business men who
are handling the anthracite Industry
have discovered that there is a con
nection and that It pays them, as pro
ducers of anthracite, to see that their
employees are sheltered in modern
dwellings. So strongly convinced are
they of this fact that the hard coal
region now contains some of the best
examples of good housing in the coun
try in tile shape of villages planned
and erected by the coal companies
themselves and rented to mine em
ployees.
Any big hard coal company will do
to illustrate the Improvement in
housing Lehigh, Reading or Susque
hanna. Tiie upper coal fields naturally
take pride in the progress made by
their biggest producer, the Lackawan
na, and that company’s achievements
are In tiie fullest sense typical of what
has been dune.
For example, the Lackawanna has
built what Is known as “Concrete
City." The houses are vtrtua ly all
concrete, save for doors and windows.
An empty house can be flushed from
celling to cellar with a hose without
damage. There is plerty of light and
air, and particular attention has been
paid to bathing facilities, which are so
important in the lives of coal miners.
Concrete City has been made a dis
tinctive community, with regular com
munity centers like playgrounds, and
the miners’ children have a pleasure
resort with wading pools and other ap
purtenances belonging to well-managed
playgrounds.
WORTH OF SCHOOL GARDENS
Development of the Idea Proves How
Valuable Has Been the Informa
tion Spread by Them.
It was only a few years ago that the
"school garden” idea, "nature studies”
and the teaching of agriculture in the
common schools, were looked upon as
fads of the most exaggerated type.
Farming, it was maintained, could be
taught on the farm, where it would bo
needed; of what possible use was it
to teach farming to a city boy or
girl? These “nature studies” wasted
the valuable time of the pupil which
should be employed in rational work;
In short, the whole propaganda was
rank nonsense. Yet, tiie entire move
ment has grown and spread with phe
nomenal rapidity, and lias become al
most the beginning of a national pol
icy. Where ten years ago there was
one city school garden, there are now
a hundred, and every spring sees
thousands of new ones organized and
open. Towns, cities, and states, and
not least, the national government,
have fostered and pushed tiie move
ment with enthusiasm. The federal
bureau of education and tiie depart
ment of agriculture are devoting much
time and energy to it. As a matter of
fact, it is now recognized that tli
problem of the education of the Amei
lean boy and girl is more than a mat
ter of mere pedagogy. It i a ques
tion of the industrial efficiency and
social stability of the nation.
How to Kill the Town.
Force tiie merchants to compete
with public street markets.
Do the city work with hobo and Jail
labor and give the workingmen no em
ployment.
Vote down all bonds and proposi
tions to make public Improvements.
Drive out all contractors and their
crews and minimize public expendi
ture.
Supply free camping grounds In the
city so the hotels will all go broke.
Send away from town for printing,
dry goods and clothes and spend your
money on the mail order house.
See to It that no corporation or
public utility makes a cent of profit
and keep all the foreign capital out.—
I’aclflc Coast Manufacturer.
Evergreen Trees and Hedges.
Much of the bleakness of the winter
landscape may be removed by the use
of evergreens near the house.
The home-builder may well consider
this point when planning the layout of
his grounds. It is comparatively easy
to secure pleasing landscape effects
during the season of green leaves and
buds and blossoms; but when deprived
of these the problem becomes more
difficult.
Evergreen hedges are possible, and
an occasional evergreen tree growing
up out of the hedge is a charming way
of breaking the sometimes monotonous
evenness and of adding a touch o(
feathery lightness to the aspect of the
whole scene.
Not New.
■‘A natural phenomenon has been
discovered in a fish which can give
shocks with electrical flashes from
their eyes.”
“Humph! any woman who knows
how to use her eyes discounted that
phenomenon long ago.”
Why He Reformed.
Tom - Is it true that you are opposed
to all games of chance?
Jack—Yes; 1 am new.
Tom —Since when?
Jack - Ever since 1 got married.
C Idren Oiy
Y OR FLETCHER’S
CASTOR I A
■BHSaBHMBBHBOHWI
Children Cry for Fletcher's
The Kind You Have Always Bought, and which has been
iu use for over JJO years, has borne the signature o£
- and has been made under his per
/y' sonal supervision since Its Infancy.
'~**u**ry/, /-ZC/CC/it tC Allow no one to deceive you in this.
All Counterfeits, Imitations and “ Just-as-good ” are but
Experiments that trifle with ami endanger the health of
Infants and Children—Experience against Experiment.
What is CASTOR IA
Castoria is a harmless substitute for Castor Oil, Pare
goric, Props and Soothing Syrups. It is pleasant. It
contains neither Opium, Morphine nor other Kareotic
substance. Its ago is its guarantee. It destroys Worms
end aiiays Feverishness. For more than thirty years it
lias been ia constant use for the relief of Constipation,
Flatulency, V'md < .lie, nil Teething Troubles and
Dlanixea. It regulates the Stomach and Bowels,
assimilates the Food, giving healthy and natural sleep.
The Children's Panacea—The Mother’s Friend.
GENUINE CASTORIA ALWAYS
in Use For Over 30 Fears
The Kind You Have Always Bought
THE CENTAUR COMPANY, NEW YORK CITY.
Originated is*. ISB7
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230-246 W. 37;h St., New York City
h t— p-aoaM* Copy, I'ren, am C •>' ae taJ Hkturo Cnu.oguo fr*e,
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What They Will Do for You
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If yon pure hasp tho NKW HOME you will
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y j O Considered
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chi ’ h i n.* .•••ml years They are made la
tinsi/< *t< Mil ill -ucs of meat, Htid art! at S, 4
ti■ •) .‘l l' ts • ronltiift to -Izc. The largs ar
s cfin sl/t* kt- • bans and shoulder* of b(
wci iiiiiar (live w Lbn fitmi WU to 600 pounds, ae
;ui 'u {.. i- .v u-ai l a trimmed; medium erl
c- ■ size from -!** l .‘I’M! pounds and the small or I
•on? •;!/ from iw- ;• • pounds.
k r;:Ir iriii si 1 sustain every claim for our
*aci*.-, a‘S we fe, hr: where once used they will
’* • on a '••(.! n-cesHlty,
fcV* A.sh your -ro.-ei Tor them,
f rn*e !l, 4 and * ‘-nr aple< e, according to size.
M 4 MTK. rTt K*r OWLT BY TKI
Great iiiihfirn Ptg & Mffl, To
• ’*rH mu
** " ■ 1 •**
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| The Baltimore News
! n.M.TIMOUE, MD.
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