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y j-'-r-' --a-y yps---- -w THE WASHINGTON TIMES, SUNDAY. MAY 31, 1914. Sts Where Few Can Read and Books Are Scarce, American Develops Library William Alanson Borden Tells of Unique Experience in Task Called Upon to Accomplish in India. Yiaharajah of Baroda, Benevo lent Despot, Aids Lift His People Into Higher Mental Attitude by His Reforms. Establishing an extensive library vstem in a land where few could read and where books were scarce, was the unique task set for Will' 1am Alanson Borden. Mr. Borden was a center of in 'erest at the meetings of the Ameri can Library Association here be cause of his unusual experiences in Baroda, India, where he was en gaged by the ruler of that country for this work. In this interview, Mr. Borden joints out many of the Western misconceptions of the Indian civil- zation, besides giving interesting sidelights on his unusual task. By J. R. HILDEBRAND. Americana frequently have Iwen called pun to exrloro now lands, to Chris-i.-inlze them, to govern them, to do t-lop their commercial possibilities. But Villlam Alanson Borden is the first man n record who was told to so into a tracge country, where literacy was itiht ?nd books were lew, and develop omj)lete circulating library system. Looks -usually are largely read before lie librarian is called into service at fc Incidentally, that is one of the omplalnts of the librarians, for they ways have to dovetail their theories to inconvenient, existing facts. One fine morning live years ago there ac laid before Mr. Borden this pros ed to go to Baroda. India, where hire was not the semblance of a book Election, and there establish a com (to chain of circulating freo libraries, -lording to the most recent suggestions of library experts. Mr. Borden rubbed Is eves, and wondered whether it would ot all turn out to be a sort of librar ies Welsh rarebit dream. Hut the Maharajah of Baroda meant every word 01 it- Likewise he was icady to produce the cash for the en- U-rprise. Interest In this unique ex periment will not lag one bit by trending a few paragraphs with the Maharajah, His Royal Highest Savnja ao Gaekwar. Ruler Is a Reformer. iHome rule in about one third of In- ia is almost oil that Ireland could ask for. In this third Ilea Baroda, a rinclpallty about the sire of Massachu etts and with about two thirds of the ay State's population. Its outside re aliens are jeaously resricted by Great m-ttam, out its internal auairs are con ducted without any semblance of inter rence. Internally the maharajah, ke Loui XIV, could say (if he knew -i-crich) Letat est mor , ivmcn UDer Hlv translated, signifies ' I am the hole works" and accurately describes h position of the miharajali within " borders of Boroda. caja Rao Gaekwar Is different crt of maharajah from any that India er saw before. His life storv would Mnse the strange Indian stories that rtlon writers concoct amid wreaths ' turklsh tobacco smoke In their cosy New York apartments But the par- rular point In his history which af e ts this true tory about the Baroda brarles is that he did not succeed to he Baroda czardom by heredity. He 2 -BOOK. WAS A STRANSETR 'N BAROTO BfcTFORE- fiWin LUaCLC WffAlt Muaoiir BOSBBN "OmTRQDOCI NG- HISTUWAl- HIGHNE-SS ' lfe'" 7 fi Jf W KrWtlfHAbT THE MAHAfcAJA MAbF A TRIP W I IIA m r rf ABOUNfc. TVB WORLh IN 'Ob BsassB hi i Hnni iv i filfff r nv vp 1 "" " c . pi 2, I BOSTON TUNNEL Short-Circuited Cables Fill Sub way With Smoke, and Panic Ensues in Darkness. v JSTON". May 31 The Boston eievat- railwav's tunnel was in darkness orftly after midnight, with more than 5"5 passengers trapped and in fear of jffocation from smoke, from a Are ue to short circuited cables which was jrning the insulations. Several hundred lanterns were pressed into use and the passengers were piloted alongside the deadly third rail, until the rarest stations were reached. At the Milk street tunnel station police cwrves were called to ruict more than '0 passengers who were in a panic. Hie ire had to be fought with sand. Mothers to Meet. meeting of the Peabody Mothers' lub will be held at that school Tues bj There vlll lw a lectur- on "Music" Prof W. L. Tomlins mk fes3 GET ' Jji l ) MMDIAMONDS i fmmf YOUR I For June Brides and Graduates From SEABRIDGE SPECIAL Waltham Watch, $6 Only One to a Customer fiOc m Week H.A. Seabridge Jewelry Co. was adopted by the reigning family and thus escaped, in his very early life the srchophantlc Influences that 6haje, the lives of predestined rulers. Thus it comes about that the present ruler of Barodi Is a reformer, and a highly practical sort of reformer, at that. He made ono trip around ths world in 1906. and spent most of Lis time, while in .ho L'nlted States, in studying American public schools. He went back and rstounded his country men by establishing free rchools throughout Baroda. and by making ed ucation compulsory. The result of thaj. reform already has been the increase of lltreacv in Baroda to ten pr cent of the population, a ratio double that of India as a whole. Highly Intelligent Race. "But literacy must not be confounded with mentality." Mr. Borden warned. "And it should be remembered that the Hindu Is a man of high potential men tality. The Hindu race is highly intel ligent, as is shown by their philosophy and their religion. "It was a wonderful and a rar op portunity afforded me when I was in vited by the maharajah to introduce a library system that should extend throughout his state. The- offer came alter his second visit to the United Slates in 1510. during which he save special attention to Horary problems. This effer was especially significant to a librarian, because it offered a free field for the introduction of methods which could not r.o St. successully ork eid out where many libraries, under various managements, and with various localized methods, already existed. "You may know that the present tcudencv of the library Is toward cen tralization of the book collections, with circulating branches. This effc-cts an -eonomv in books, and also in Hie pav ing of "the large buildings hitherto thought necessary for everv community "That was the p'an on whicli I work ed in Baroda. A large central bonk col lection was established in the capital, the Citv of BartMia. and In each of the thirty-eight townships there are branch collections. Each of these ihlrty-oignt collections is th center of smaller li braries still, established In every vll lage of the principality. Of these there are iV). "Baroda lends itself to this sort of a system because its people invariably as semble in groups. Though W per cent of the Inhabitants are engaged irf agri- . culture, there are no isolated farm houses. Kverj where groups of farmers gather in groups that they may protect ! themselves against wild animaU and wild men as well." ! Benovolent Despotism. I Iron these innovations it may be gathered that the present maharajah is a wise and beneficent monarch. "Siyaja Rao Gaekwar Is a widely educated man, and a much traveled man. I had a chance to know him well, and to observe the working of his mind. I 'have found that always, when a matter comes before him for settle ment, his question Is. 'How will thU thins 'affect my people.' "His rule is absolute. He is assisted In administering his government by a council of six. and by about thirty heads of departments. He may consult thete or not. Just as he chooses. The present monarch frequently does con sult them. but. after all. it is his .'cr dict tht is effective." This ruler's administration has been a jieriod of marked advance in Baroda. Child marriages are prevalent In most eastern countries, and the American may srrtile when he Is told that raisiiK the legal marriageable age to twel'e vcars meant a great advance In Ba- roda't social life , I Within the past decade women lave Attained a more honoreii position in the principality. Higher class women still po about veiled, when they leave their houses at all. A woman thus veiled Is sai.: to be "in purdah " The maharani. or quten, set the example, about two cars ago. of "breaking purdah," and going about much as do American women. She frequently Is seen thuflat Harden parties and social functions. Many of the women of the governing class have followed her example. The division of Baroda's population Into two classes, as is the case in yie Orient, was ono handiqap Mr. Borden hud to contend with In his library work. This division is bo absolute that the Marataha, of governing class, speak a different language from that of the Gujerata, or common people Then, too, English is widely spoken In the towns where English high schools have been established, while in some villages other tongues are common. Books are pro vided in all these languages. A liberal appropriation makes It possible to buy almost anv book asked for. If It already is not in the great central library s col lection. Thero have been only abcut B,(i00 books In Gujeratl. and about the same number printed in Marataha. An ot these have been procured, and the rest of the collection Is in English or In other oriental tongues. "Eastern people often fall to realize that the more enlightened Oriental peo ple, such as those of Baroda, possess a high degree of intelligence, and well de fined moral standards. I never have known of a case of bigamy In Baroda, unless one custom might be so regarded. That Is the practice occa'lonally of a husband, who has no boys by his first wife w ithin a reasonable period, of tak ing a second wife. But the first wife alwajs remains mistress of his house hold, and the two wives live in har mony. They appreciate the situation, and "there is no Jealousy. "Then. too. the Occidental is apt to conceive of the Indian people as a sort of heathen race. Missionaries Tent to them often fail, or refuse, to under stand their religion. In India thre are rCO.non.OOl Hindus, about G1.MW.WW Mo hammedans, about 10.000.000 Puddhlsts. and about 3.000.000 each of Christians and Sikhs, about 1.000.CX) Jains, and 100 ooo Parsees. Kneli or these relicions ha nn eh- cal basis cxactiv the same as that of the Christian religion. Far-eeism is a peculiarly beautiful religion These were the folk known of old as fire worship ers. They still believe fire symbolizes the Deltv "Moreover, everv ono of thes? re ligions primarily Is monotheistic. Be hind the veneration of ancestors, and of lesser beingsk that bear an anology to our saints and angels, there invariably Is the worship of a single God." HAVE YOU SEEN IT HAVE YOU HEARD ABOUT IT The Mysterious Clock At Affleck's Drug Stores 15th & F Sts. and 904 G St AFFLECK'S DRUG STORE lJJllMMMB M M II 1 M MPisWiMliMrMWIIMMBJIMli 1S.000 and more people have seen this wonder ful clock that runs without works, or a n y t h lng visible save the handB and dial thou sands have tried to solve the mys t o r y What makes It run come have a look and see If you can tell what makes it run, ITS THE BIGGEST DRAWING CARD EVER TRIED LET US PUT ONE UP ON YOUR SHOW WINDOW It will be a profitable investment to your business drawing thousands of people to your location to see what makes it run, and talk about the mysterious clock in their homes. Only one sold to a merchant in a block. Merchants in the same line of business arc fully protected, as we sell only one clock to five blocks in this case. , GET ONE OF THESE CLOCKS AND GET THE CROWDS s Clock guaranteed one year no possible way it can Ret out of order. See it. HORSTMAN CLOCK MFG. CO. s ESL2?SJ!&MkL " 601 15th Street N. W. .J2SS. & FifZS2?n HALTS 2 DAUGHTERS OFWILSONINMOTQR Constable Charges Chauffeur Was Speeding With Miss Margaret and Sister. Two of the President's daughters, Mrs. Francis Bowes Sayre. formerly . Miss Jessie "Woodrow "Wilson, and Miss Mar garet Wilson, have had their names en tered on that long list of AVashlngton l.ins who. since the advent of the auto mobile, have been held up for speeding by Maryland constables. Though tliey, themselves, were not reprimanded, when the White House machine In which they were returning ti Washing ton from Baltimore, was slopped by Constable Thomas H. GarrUon at Hy attsville. Md.. yesterday afternoon, they heard the chauffeur who was operating the machine severely rebuked for vio lating the law. I According to Constable Garrison, the car. driven by G. Johnson, one of the White House chauffeurs, was running at the rate of thirty-five miles an hour. Johnson offered no excuse for exceed ing the speed limits, according to Gar rison. He gave the constable his name and the name of the other occupants of the machine, after which the ruto mohile w-as allowed to proceed to Washington. The chauffeur will Le summoned to appear in court at Ilyatts vllle some time next week, unless State Commissioner Roe. under whose juris diction the matter comes, decides other wise in the meantime. It is said the commissioner will take the matter up with President Wilson tomorrow. f D.a.tilAnt'a itfH)l.Mn,u had fatten AUG .to.M.tvo uauhiiiU, .... w.. . m QfllMmnpA n-hra ATr $Cai'r find attended a meeting of the Goucher Col lege alumnae, of which she Is a member. Mrs. Mary C. Thaw to Visit Her Mother-iin-Law CHECK MAIL E 0 TODAY AVE T. UCPEMLTY May 31 Postmark on Envelope Will Prevent Imposition of Added Charge. ROAD TO KEEP JOBS OPEN IF IN ENLIST Pennsylvania Company Will Grant Furloughs to Em ployes Serving Country. Property owners who mall clieclfs in settlement of their obllgatHn to h Ulstrlct -cforc midnight ton'giit will escape payment of interest. Kr'day was .". l...t A., tn i hfti tft-ve (U!llti b? lilt" lauk n .. .- -- -- j raid at the District building, before j the going Into effect of the penalty o: 1 per cent a month. Mall employes of the office of the tax collector wli carefully asnif.nlis the postmark on each envelop-;, and thr-se checks m tiled after May "1 will no' be accepted until they ha3 been Irci eased to meet the amount of pori altj attached. ITie .il.neal Di-riarl closes at I o'clock. tomorrow. Owners have been rciuui to make written anveals. -vh'rh i ill J to considered during Jupe by the uui.rI ot equalization and review. 5U"iuet T. Kclbfus, declared illegally ousted !y the Court of Appeals, probablv will be at his desk before the end of he wcik. Xo effort Is he'ng made by Disttict Officials to conceal the fact thit they look for the va'idity of the njw tri ennial assessment to be contoslod in the courts as a result or the Kalbtus decision. D. V. O'Donoghuc, sn ai lorney. already liss f.led a protest with the board against assessments made on prtperty owned ty him that Uvs ashese ment was illegally made. Other pro tests of a similar character are expected. NEWPORT. It I.. May 31. It was learned today that Mrs. Mary Copley Thaw, of Pittsburgh, who was married to Geoffrev W'hllnev. of Boston and Milton, will visit Mr. Whitney's mother, Mrs. Charles Whitney, at Newport this summer, which will be her first vlit ajt Newport. File Protest Tomorrow Against Great Falls Line Charges of inadequacy of schedule and overcrowding of cars will be preferred against no Great Kails line of tho Old Dominion Hallway Company- before the Public Utilities Commission at a hear ing which probabjv will be held tomor row. Edward I Furlong and the Rev. A. II. Zimmerman, representatives of commuter, will flla the charges. They will alto appear before the railway au thorities of Virginia Tuesday and pro test against the service on the Great Falls lino. In the event of war with Mexico, no employe of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company who enlists, not matter how ions; his term of service may be, win lose hbj position with the road. The board of directors of the road has taken formal action providing for the retention in the service of any employe for such time as he mav be engaged in State or national military or naval serv ice In response to a call to arms in the event of war or other'emergency. Formerly the rule of the company was that a furlough from active service could not be granted for-a longer period than nine months. At the time of the Spanish-American war, employes who lpft the service to enlist sacrificed their positions. Under the new plan, tho furlough will be extended for the full time absent on such duty, and credit for the time absent will be given la computing pension- allowances of em ployes so furloughcd. The advisory pommlttcc of the volun tary relief department also took action so that a member may continue hi membership in the relief fund whllo on furlough bv keeping up his dues. The action taken by the board of di rectors of the "Pennsylvania, it is ex plained, applies not only to- the contin gency of war with Mexico, but Is a gen. cral provision covering military or naval service at any time of war or othsr emergency. Three Men Are Drowned As Boat Goes Over Dam YORK.VILX.E. I1L. May 31. Thre I -oung men from Oak Parle, iil, wero i drowned here when their boat U wcpt over me uahu ... " --"" a fnnrth occupant of. the boat wi aved. j Germany Sends Cruiser. J ST. THOMAS. D, V. I.. May 31.. Th German cruiser Strasburg. for Tertian-Prince, her object being- the pro- i tertlon of German interests w.i un settled conditions exist In iHaytl ana J the Dominican Republic. mm Invite You to Call and Consult Me If you suffer from eyestrain, headaches, cross eyes, blurred vision, or defective eyesight, come and learn of the cause and cure of these troubles. My sdenhBc methods for correcting defective eyes without the aid of dropi and my prescription glasses are indorsed by an army of appreciative My charges are as reasonable as is consistent with the skill employed. . . I make no charge for consultation. Glasses ranusfcetf from $1.00 up. O A AJI I I IT I EYESIGHT SPECIALIST OAIYIUCL, . 12 G Street N. W. Incomparable Values Greet the Wise Buyers in Our Great MONDAY "Bargain Day" SALES. Fill Your Shopping List From These Wonderful Savings Misses' and Women's 69c Middy Blouses White Union Linen Blouses, with white, blue, and red collars, cuffs, and breast pockets splen didly made. perfect -v fitting garments; 12 to -o sizes. Monday only. WO E aakX 'lv" n IJlJ 29' B "Whirl Ytir Pillar CimiI WmI" ehrendS 720-22-24 Seventh Street N; W. 25c Women's Pare Silk Hosiery White, tan, and black pure thread silk hosiery; good, heavy, lustrous quality. Made with double toes and high spliced heels and elastic garter tops ' 15c $20.00 Spring Coat-Suits Choice of best silk - lined fancy and tailor - made suits that sold to J20. in crepes, bas ket weaves, ser- . ges. and Novelty 'Cloths In every plain color and mannish mixture. W o m e n "s and misses sizes. U.65 Piece Goods At Characteristic Savings 12y2c 40-in. wide India Linon, 40-in. wide White India I.inon. very flne, sheer, dainty thread fabric and perfect goods. Ex ceptionally nice for SHA.O waists, dresses. &c O t 8c Apron Ginghams, Absolutely fast color Apron Ginghams, in different size checks, in blues, browns, AJ'IP rods, and green checks... 0' 29c Pure Linen Dress Linen, SWn. wide Pure Unen Nat ural Color Dress l.lnen. In light, medium, and heavy "1 Qn grades -LO' 10c Organdie Lawns Beautiful sheer quality Organ die lawns. In plain pink, light blue, navy, corn, lavender, nlle red. These make splendid Princ ess slips, dresses. c Also many pretty and effective de signs in colored, black A 7'an and white effects . i 10c 36-inch-wide Percales Full yard wide, good strong woven cloth in a big array of nice neat patterns In light and medium colored Rl'sin grounds O'.OC 69c Dress Silks S2-ln. wide Wash Silks. In cry pretty different width stripes, in blue, lavender, and black, also 32-inch wide self-brocaded silks of a very desirable weight to prevent wear, in white, light blue, corn, pink, and 44-C Copenhagen 'V 50c and 75c Men's Well-Known Underwear u Varsity 35 The coolest and most comfortable and best l underwear made for men is this well-known j brand of unuervarmenis. ui iramcr vci-,ijk.. ula In nr line checked nainsook. Shirts, ath-fi letic roat stjle. Pants, knee length. All sixes. I fnml.itf .................................. J $1.00 Silk Corded Shirts 1 I Handsome and desirable fine corded Tnadrlslp.p. shlrt3. in rich striped patterns, coo", fast c olor JWl nnnnt. Srlendidlv made, with trench soft I ...-- cuffs and full cut. All sizes. 35c Mm' Lnderwrar. P o r ous meshed and ba 1 briggan shirts and dra w e r s. All sizes. 19c 75e Flnet Mlk .Sox. Exquisite qua I i t y; flne lus trous Silk Hose: high spliced heels, dou ble toes. Black, white, blue, tan. gray, and garnet. 35c 23e Mereer- Urd Mlk Waih Tien. Tubular style re versl b 1 e patterns -1-in - hand ties, in handsome stripe and figured pat terns. lie J-isL Greatest Waist Sale of the Season 69c Waists Stylish ft o b e spicr Collar. Waists of good quality percale ami madras, in ni'Ht stuped and checked patterns. New front yoke anil drop sleeve style. 33c $3.50 Silk Crepe de Chine Waists Of ver best full silk quality, in white, black, pink. blue, and maize. New "lily" collar style, with organ die vest front and cuffs. $1.95 89c White Voile and Dimity Waists Silk embroider ed voile and fine c o r d e 4 dimity waists, made in 3 entirely new de sirable styles, in cluding the new ruffled front drop shouldered model. 43c $2.00 Hand some Silk Waists White, black, and flowered sill; waists. Newest tango style, with cord and tassels. New pointed back collar and fag got ted front and back yoke, form ing drop should ers. 95c ers. run cut; wen French bands and legs. Open and closed. -Undermuslins- Far Hat Waathar Waar 59c Women's Gowns V-neck, and slip-on styles: good quality muslin gowns, full cut; well, made, with flne lace OQ and embroidery trimming, 6iU 75c Combinations Two brand-new- styles, corset coers and drawers, combina tions of splendid wearing long cloth; cut on lines that conform to present dress styles. Lace and embroidery AJt trimmed xtlV 25c Women's Drawers SDleadid Quality cotton draw- maae. witn fine tucked. 15c $1.00 Gowns, Skirts, and Combinations Daintily made Undergarments for women, of flne, soft nainsook, beautifully trimmed with flne French val. or linen lace; rich, embroidery insertions, edge, and medallions, run through with, ribbon beadings. fiQl Monday U71 $2.00 Silken Princess Slips Pink. blue, white, black, and maize slips, with dainty lace trimmed yokes and ?" IQ skirts. All sizes.. VlrtU 75c Knickerbocker Pants and Bloomers Pink. blue, and white chiffon, bloomers and lace and embroid ery and ribbon trimmed; good quality longcloth knick- AQn bockers $2.00 and $2.50 Summer Dresses. 8 Beautiful Styles to Choose From at This wonderful lot of dresses, all exact reproduction of man of the sea son's pronounced siii:cesse3 tue swo rlear-cut lines and stvle, In pretty tis sties, lawns, linenea, crepes, and percales. Handsome coat and tunic effects, daint ily trimmed w ith lace embroidery and ribbons. Plain col ois. stripes. check.. and combination. In misses' and wom en's sizes. n BED LINEN SPECIAL SAVINGS 79c 81x90 Bleached Sheets Sl size linen lmiih or ery sniooth. lound thread. bleached sheets. hn:id torn and ironed. Have no dressing whatsoever. Per- KC fc-t goods. . , a1' 10c Pillow Cases i;ica'hpd. nice qualitj good size pillow -aaes. finished with HI &P deep 3-inch hems . . ' ' v 25c Turkish Bath Towels Itlu a!z nice. he.iJ gi-de absorb on; Turkljh Towcli. finished 1 7 with neat hemmed ends XIV 45c Bleached Sheets jl and size, full-blcajhed, extra good quality cotton bleached 97p sheets 6'W $1.25 Dimity Bedspreads Full do-jblc-bed .zc Dimity Bed spreads, unequaled for lxundrin qualities. A very neat and HCkn ..f.; .. inil rnerins I Jr New $2.08 Wash Skirts Dozens of "last hour" styles, featuring the new long. Russian tunic, tier, minarette, and plain tailored styles; made of extra quality wide-wale white P. K. and Union Linen; misses' ft and women's sizes 5fwB $3.50 Serge Skirts Blue, Tan and Black, and Black and White Skirts, made in the pop ular double ruffle, long tunic, or tiered styles; all CI QC y . y j 95c sizes. 124c Women's Ribbed Vests Wldo shoulder strap, taped neck and arm hole ribbed vesta; Rood lisle nualit. i4C 4 11 o f Al " " ' .-til m"." 39c Wide Ribbons Kxtra wide silk moire taffetas and msallne .satin nboons. spe riallv good for children's sashes and hair ribbons and rlm- 1Q mine purpose. Ml color. '' 50c Patent Leather Girdles Newest extra wide girdle belts, of good, soft patent leather, made with wide bow of fame material in ?Ot back . C $1.50 Girls' Dresses Made ot finest Union Linen, la white, blue, tan, and pink. Mid rib waist style and separate pleated skirt. 6 to II 7Qf V .O -,! ."! v 1 ' " Now Located at 802 F SL N. W. ' -