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The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, December 29, 1915, HOME EDITION, Image 6

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he "vTAsHfiJdffttN MflS.' rt2frMeSXV. ;f)EcEMER" 2o;'16i5.
Uteaoltinoton 3Siw
PUBLISHED EVKUV JBVENINQ
.(Inrliidlnir Sunday) "
By A"ho Washington Times iCompany,
THIS MUNBHV UUlLDINa, Penna. nv.
FflANK. A. MUNSEY, President.
R. H. TITHEMNGTON, Secretary.
C. H. POPE, Treasurer.
On Year (Including Sundays), IJ.W.
fix Monthi. 11.78. Threo Months. 0e.
WEDNESDAY, DEC. 29, 1010.
NOT FOR ARBITRATION
If the Washington Administration
aJiiens to any proposal from Austria
arbitrate the legal principles in
volvcd in the Ancona horror this will
be the last straw of our burden of
national ignominy, the utter degra
dation of American honor to the
lowest dopths.
You can't arbitrate violation of
neutral rights. You can't arbitrate
murder. You can't arbitrate inhu
manity. You can't arbitrate defiance
and dosecration of the laws of God.
GRIP DANOER SIGNALS OUT
An epidemic of grip which has
been lurking in places north and
west of this city is fast getting a
hold hero and unless preventive
measures are observed and obeyed
the dangerous ailment may become
general in these parts.
The gist of the preventive meas
ures recommended by health authori
ties is:
1. Don't anreze or couch In your
neighbor's face
t Keep out of crotvda. If you nave
only r short distance to ko. -walk.
The Christmas crowds at the fes
tivities, parties, shopping, and In
crowded trains have caused tho
present outburst of grip.
I. Sleep with the wXndows open,
though the nlghtgbe cold,
i 4. Leave whisky alone.
There is no specific cure for the
dangerous grip1. Prevention is the
thing. So look out! '
? diidai ;r.Hnm ppori FMS
Among the most difficult problems
Hat educators of this country now
are working on .is that of rural
schools. In cities vocational educa
tion has been emphasized, and so
much has been printed on the sub
ject that the fact is apt to be over
looked that, in rural districts, the
problem of affording children an
elementary academic education has
not yet been solved.
How changing social conditions
are reflected in educational life was
aptly illustrated in the address of
Mrs. Percy V. Pennybacker, 'presi
dent of the General Federation of
Woman's Clubs, before the Ameri
can Civic Association yesterday. One
unexpected handicap under which
tho rural schools now labor is the
difficulty of getting places for the
teachers to live. Formerly the
teacher and tho minister were tho
high lights of a rural community.
It was .considered an honor to
"board" the teacher, and no trouble
was found in getting her an agree
able home. Now, in many communi
ties, few can be found who will take
her in. The result is an added handi
cap to getting good country school
teachers, in addition to the poor pay.
, Mrs. Pennybacker suggested a
rtovel remedy. She would have a
'qchool manse" corresponding to the
parsonage in which the clergyman
lives. Around that "school home"
she would form a community center,
a sort of rural social center, which
would supplement tho class room
work of the teacher. The experi
ment would be an interesting one to
watch. It would require more of the
teacher, who already complains she
is not paid enough for what she does,
though it would insure her a suitable
home. Dependent members of her
family, or other relatives, might live
with her. But the success or the
failure of tho scheme probably
would depend largely upon the per
sonality of tho teacher.
. ,
( VILLA TO THE BRUSH AQAIN
' Francisco Villa, in a chnracteristi-
ally grandiose pronunctamento, an
nounces that he has changed his
'r.ind. He. is not going lo give up
"ighting, leave Mexico, and allow
arranza a free hand to reorganize
the country. A short while ago he
was going to quit and get out; but
he finds that. the very men to- whom
he resigned have betrayed his cause,
so he will stick.
Villa is potent to cause endloss
trouble, if he shall adhere to his
new resolve. There was a time
when he looked' to Americans like
the big man of Mexico; but since
1 he tide of fortune has turned
i gainst him he has shown more and
lore the tartar under the skin; the
andit rather than the liberator.
Whatever may be thought of the
reatment accorded to Villa jy tho
Vashington Government and it is
mt difficult to understand why Vil
li feels that he has been admin
Stored a strong treatment of what
ic politicians call the "double
ross" it Is nevertheless within Teu
ton to insist that, having lost in the
diplomatic contest, Villa, as a loyal
Mexican and a real patriot, ought
to have accepted the inevitable and
given Carranza a chance. This ho
(ins finally declined to do.
A the moment Carranza is in
overwhelming strength, with every
thing suggesting his ability to clean
up the country. But it i. not many
months since Villa was" at the top
of tho heap, Carranza down, and nl!
Blgns Indicating early triumph of
Villa. In Mexico, which Americans
ore quite incapable of Understand
ing, these sudden shttttngs of for
tuno go' on and on; there seems no
end; tho fermentation subsides in
one-part of the mass, to redouble its
energy in another. Carranza,
though dominant today 1h not and
probably never will be popular with
any largo clement in his counliy.
He is not fitted for the tosft that has
crime to him. That ho may rise to
it is earnestly to be desired; but if
he shall fail, and If Villa shall yet
provo himself capable of perpetu
ating griovous troubles, the Wash
ington Government will have to
bear a large share of responsibility
for its irresolute handling of the sit
uation. REION OF LAW, OR ANARCHY?
No man in the world is better
postured to discuss the international
consequences of the war than Elihu
Root. His attitude is tnat of de
tachment ana calm consideration.
He knows his theme; knows tho dif
ficulties and the possibilities of the
effort to establish a reign of inter
national law; know;; the attitudes
of many governments toward iti-
Just a little while ago the idea
of a parliament of man seemed but
the fantastic vision of n poetic
dreamer. Today the world recog
nizes that after this conflict there
must almost inevitably b cither in
ternational law, strong and n
forceable, or international anarchy.
Which shall it be?
If international anarchy shall win
the war, it will undertake to fin
pose international tyranny on the
countries. There will be revolt
against such terms, nnd chaos will
result. If on the other hand tho
supporters of order and law shall!
prevail they may be expected to
take steps that will insure the
future against militarism running
amuck in this world.
The menace of unbridled ambition
coupled with unrestrained audacity
and unlimited privilege to build the
machinery of conquest, has been
proved. The world has been shown
small enough and feeble enough to
face a very crisis in its civilization
because a little group of megalo
maniacs conceived their destiny to
rule a universe. It would have
seemed preposterous a few years
ago; today the world trembles lest
it may be realized.
Mr. Root rightly insists that
there can be but ons protection
against such a menace; and that .'
the rule of world-law backed by
world-power consolidated and con
trolled sufficiently to insun that the
crimo shall never again be dared.
Mr. Root states the case thus: .
The war betfan by a denial on the
part of a very great power that
treaties arc obllgntory when It In no
longer for the Interest of either of
the parties to observe them. The
denial was followed by action 'sup--ported
by approximately one-half the
military power of Europe, and Is ap.
parently approved by a great number
of learne dstuJents and teachers of
International law, citizens of the
countries supporting the view.
This situation naturally raises tho
fjuestlon whether executory treaties
will continue to be made If they aro
not to be binding, and requires con
sideration of a system of law under
which no conventional obligations aro
recognised. The particular treaty
ju'hlch was thus set asld was declara
tory of tho general rule of interna
tional law respecting the Inviolability
or neutral territory, and the action,
which Ignored the treaty also avow
edly violated the rule of law, and the
defense is that for such a violation
of the law the present Interest of the
sovereign state is Justification.
When this war Is ended the
civilized world will have to determine
whether what we call International
law Is to be continued as a mere code
of etiquette or is to be a real body of
laws Imposing obligations much more
definite and Inevitable than they have
been heretofore. Tt must be one thing
or the other. Vague and un
certain as the future must be, there
Is some reason to think that after
the terrible experience through which
civilisation Is passing there will be a
tendency to strengthen rather than
abandon the law of nations.
Yes, there is "some reason to
think" that after the war there will
lw s tendency to strengthen the law
of nations. There is exactly as
nuch reason to think that will hap
pen, as mere is to tiunK tnat tne
powers which are fighting for the
overthrow of militarism and ter
rorism will ' prevail. Just so much
nnd no more.
0JR GROWTH IN SHIPBUILDING
The New York chamber of cpm
merce, investigating the shipbuild
ing industry in this country, finds
that we have been doing quite a lot
of construction, for a country that
imagines itself without a merchant
marine. In fact, the yards have been
turning out about 1,300 vessels a
year in normal times; but there has
been a great variation in annual ton
nage construction; in 1908 the figure
was 614,000, while in the year ended
June 30 last, it was only 225,000.
War'a real effect in stimulating
shipbuilding has been felt since the
beginning of the current fiscal year.
Tho yards are abnormally busyi and
yet the owners report that if there
were demand they could increase
their capacities from 15 to CO per
cent. There is little confidence that
tho present increase is more than
temporary; the probability of an
American shipbuilding industry com
peting permanently with that of tho
Old World, under normnl conditions,
is accounted poor, unless special ef
fort is devoted to its oncotiragcment.
The shipbuilders nrc confident that
supplies of lnbor nnd materials are
to be had readily enough if the busU
ness calls for them; but there is
need for assurance of a national pol
icy that will distinctly encourago
American shipping, before a great
expansion of the building industry
can bo expected on a permanent
basis.
A1URDBR AND TRADE RE
STRAINT When there has been and still is a
roign of anarchy ui ' this country
caused by tools 'and agents of for
eign powers literally swarming cv
crywherc, there ' is something bxx-
prcmcly ridiculous in the effort of tho
United States Government to try to
end such a condition with a mere in
dictment for conspiracy jn restraint
of foreign trade. Np matter how im
portant tho men indicted aro and
among them are a former Represen
tative in Congress nnd a former at
torncy general of Ohio this is just
as true as if those-indicted were only
guttersnipes.
For, if tho Government's charges
are true, trying to bribe labor union
leaders,' engineer strikes, tie up ship
ping terminals and shut down man
ufacturing plants has not been the
thing which has all but rocked this
country on its foundations. Virtu-'
ally every count in this indictment
for conspiracy in restraint of tilde
covers an act or a meditated act
which can be taken care of without
insuperable difficulty, certainly with
out rrcat disaster to property and
life, by those operating the private
plants and common carriers.
Putting infernal machines in ships
freighted with human lives, dynamit
ing mills nnd factories, plotting and
committing deliberate arson and
cold-blooded murder are things
which it is impossible for private
citizens or private corporations to
control when Government cannot or
will not take such conspiracy by the
throat and choke the life out of it.
1 We don't mean that these men in
dicted by a Federal grand jury yes
terday have committed or instigated
the infernal crimes which have been
endangering both public and private
safety to an unprecedented degree in
the history of this nation. We do
mean that to center the fire of the
United States Government on such
cases with charges of restraining
trade when the thing which cri?s
for action is to stamp out the great
er and more hideous crimes is a
sickening mockery.
SOCIALISM AND WAR
The war not only has played the
deuce with the Socialist abroad
ranging in arms against one another
those who have been protesting that
national boundary lines were obso
lete but has set them by the ears
in this country "as well.
Charles Edward Russell's stand for
greater- military preparedness here
has opened up a schism within the
party, where the radicals are found
lined solidly against any increase in
the army or navy, while many of
the milder sort are seen leaning
backward toward nationalism. One
parlor Socialist even writes a thesis
to prove that a desire for a moderate
success for the allies is not incon
sistent with Socialist doctrines. An
other evidence of the leaven within
the loaf is the announcement of
Meyer London, the Socialist Repre
sentative in Congress, that he is not
opposed to reasonable preparedness.
The plain fact of the matter is that
Socialism, in war, has come up
against one of those characteristic
ally human facts which are the bane
of nil Utopians. War is a fact. It
may take a generation or a century
in which its existence is glossed over
to assert its reality. But when it
comes it is there and nobody is in
any doubt about it.
You can explain why there should
be no war, why there will never be
another war but then comes war,
and your idealistic arguments go to
pot.
So it is with the spirit of competi
tion, with ambition, with that fierce
law of the survival of the fittest.
You may say that all men should
work together as brothers without
strife, without rivalry, except in well
doing, without forging ahead at the
expense of somebody who falls be
hind. But just then some one gets
kicked in tho face and there is war
or trade competition or envy or
something elBe that it has been dem
onstrated should ' not and could not
exist.
THE SUFFERINQ HEBREWS
Perhaps the Amyim peopje do
not quite realize that approximately
one-half of the Jewish population of
the world lives in Poland or did
before tho war. That is, in the vari
ous German, Austrian, nnd Russian
provinces which made up old Poland
before the partition. The Jews of
the world aro very largely within
the immediate areas of war. They
are everywhere the first and most
obvious victims of whatever oppres
sion may be in mind; and if the
Jews might be segregated into a
community by themselves it would
be very apparent that they havo
borne grievances such as neither
Belgians nor Serbians have known.
Washington ought to give hearty
support to the movement to raise
an American fund of $5.0Q0,000 to
help the unfortunate JwVh, victims
of the war. New York raised
$1,000,000 at one great meeting;
Washington surely should do pro
portionately well.
U, o. WAIN ASKED
TO INTERN FLIERS
State Department, Howeveiyj
Will Not Hold Aviators Here
From France
Secretary of State Lannlnp today
received a recond telegram from
Oerman sympathizers In New YorJc
demanding the Internment of Tleut.
"William Thaw, Scrgt. Klllot Cowden.
and Scrgt. Norman Prince, three
Americans who fire members of ths
French flying corps, nnd who are in
the United States on furlough.
At tho State Department It wm.
declared that no act!6n will be taken on
any unofficial request ' Vhe State De
partment will not tulto official cog
nlzanco of the case of the throo
American aviators unless demand for
their Internment Is made by diplo
matic representatives of Germany or
her allies.
On Peaceful Mission.
It was definitely stilted today, how
over, that in no event will the 1'nJted
States order the internment of tho three
aviators. The Staio Department takes
the position that the three aviators, al
though sorvlng in the" armed forces of
I-'ranco.nr In the United Stttcs un
armed and on a pcacaMM mission. The
fact that they are American cltiicrur Is
held of no consequence, ns tho 'State
Department l-.elds the view that they
relinquished their citizenship while they
aro sorvlntr In a forelmi army nnd loso
tho right to protection American citi
zenship gives them. If thry give up
foreign set-vice, however. Vancl return to
tho United Slates they automatically
resumo citizenship.
If the three aviators should attempt to
obtain pasports to return to France. It
was declared today, their request prob
ably will bo rejected. No such reiucHt
Is expected, however, n they are pre
sumed to have French pasports.
Called "Gross Offense."
Secretary Lnnslnjr Is told In the tnle
urtiiti today that the caciipo of Thaw.
Cowden and Prince under the circum
stances, would "constitute a Krava In
ternational offeusu " and that "tha
United States will be tesponslblc for
the damaco that may be caused by
them." Their American citizenship, the
tek urn m declares, would not "protect
them from capture" bv Germany, as
thev "arc embodied In the armetl mili
tary or naval forces of a belligerent
power."
The State Department shares this
View, that the three aviators relinquish
their right to American protection
while in forcln service, but takes ex
ception to the view in today's tole
Kram that "the United StateH cannot
without violating both the spirit and
tne letter or neutrality permit these
young man to rejoin the enemies of a
country with which we are at peace."
TO SPEAK AT SCHOOL
Will Open Course Monday For
Closer Relationship Between
Pupils and Bluecoats.
TVllliam S. Shelby, of the Metropoli
tan police, detailed In the office of tho
corporation counsel at Police Court,
will on Monday morning, at Morgan
school, deliver the first of a scries of
lectures designed by Major Pullman to
bring- the guardians of the law and the
school Children of the city Into closer
relatlonashlp.
Coincident with the lecture will como
tho establishment of tho first of the
"closed street" playgrounds. This will
be established for a "try out" at the
Morgan School. It contemplates closing
tho street In front of the building dur
ing recess time, so the children may
play without danger of injury from
traffic .
Slims readinc. "Street Closed on Ac
count of Recess" will be placed, atj
ciincr ena or me diock, me street win
be roped ft. and a policeman will bo
stationed there to see that the closing
mandate Is observed.
In Policeman Shelby's first lecture,
the questions or "safety first" from the
police standpoint, tho attitude the small
boy should have toward the bluecoat.
and the matter of the street playground
will bo taken up.
Late yesterday. Superintendent of
Schools Ernest I Thurston, and Presi
dent of tho Hoard of Education Henry
P. Blair Indorsed the plan for the po
lice lectures and the closed street play
ground. Negro Academy Will
End Meeting Tonight
The final session of the nineteenth an
nual meeting of tho American Negro
Academy Is to be held tonight In the
colored Y. M. C. A. building, in Twelfth
street. ' '
Tho speakers will be Arthur A.
Schomburg. who will talk on "The Eco
nomic Contribution Itcndered by the
Negro to America," and "William Pick
ens, dean of Mornp College. Baltimore,
whoso topic will bo "The Constitutional
Status of the Negro From 18C0 to 1870."
Santa Claus Visits
Fort Myer Children
The children of the military reserva
tion at Fort Myer worn visited by Santa
Claus ybsterday at the Christmas cele
bration of tho enlisted mon at tho post
Y. M. C. A. A tree, bearing gifts for the
little ones of tho cavalrymen, was tho
conterpleco around which gayety re
volved. A program by tho Fifth Cav
alrv Hand, motion pictures, and brief
addresses by Major O'Kccfo and Secre
tary Cooper, of tho association, mado up
tho program.
Redfield Approves
Department Changes
Secretary rtcdfleld has approved tho
following changes In the personnel of
the Department of Commerce force:
Promotion of William R, Qrecnwald and
Edward J. Gardner; transfer of Mar
cus C. Leh from tho Department of
Commerce to tho Interior Department;
resignation of Revoo C. Brlggs and pro
motion of Charles Shaw In the Coast
and Geodetic Survey,
Answers Boy-Ed.
PROVIDENCE. R. I.', Dec. 29. Tho
Providence Journal, which was attacHcd
by Uapt. Uoy-Kd In his farewell state
ment as a sample of tho Irresponsible
preps In this country, wirelessed its
answer to the captain on board the
Rotterdam. Tho Journal denies that It
labrlcaUd any of Its sUtomenU.
POLICEMAN
SHELBY
EducationalCampaign
Organized To Hasten
Naturalization in U.S.
Federal Bureau Would Make -New Citizens' Literate
And Intelligent Alarming Tendency of Aliens to
Remain Aliens Is Prevalent in All Sections. '
By JUDSON C. WELLIVER,
Why should an alien resident in the United States,, want to' be
come a citizen? " ,
What benefits will ho get that Jie can't enjoy as an alien?
These questions were asked of an official, of the new Bureau ok
Naturalization, and he admitted it was hard to answer.
There are a few States in which an alien may not own property,
but very few. In the District of Columbia he may not devise by will
unless there is a treaty, between this and his native country allowing
it, which there is in nearly all cases.
On the other hand, a citizen is subject 'to jury duty, which an
alien is not; likewise to military service, which an alien is not. In
States which impose a poll tax on" voters the alien escapes it.
MANY NOW ACTUALLY VOTE.
TTlnnllt tlirra tarn m vmmYiAr nf fitntH
In which an alien may actually voto. If
he has token out his first papers; that
Is, declared his Intention of becoming
a citizen. This seems a remarkatlo
state of affairs, hut It Is a fact that
mnnv thousnndn nf neonlc voto recular-
-ly who are not eligible to serve In tho
army or on Juries because they are not
citizens. Tho injustice of this condition
has caused several States to amend
their laws In this regard in recent
times. Nevertheless holders of first
papers, though not citizens at nil, may
vote In Missouri, Kansas. Nebraska,
Texas, Indiana, and Arkansas. They
could voto nlto In Oregon till last year,
when the lew was changed, to take
effect after this year's election. Until
very latMyhcy could also vote Jn Min
nesota. Michigan, and Nebraska, but
those Slates have taken away the priv
ilege. .
Advantages Largely Sentimental.
Thus It ar-poars that the advantages
of being an American citizen pretty
largely sentimental, and .sentiment doea,
not appeal much to the st majority of
lmlgrants of the classes that ar no'V
coming to us In (greatest numbers.
Alienism Is lately attracting much at
tention, and one of the bills Introduced
in the early days of me present Con
press proposes drastic treatment. it
requires that aliens coming here to I've
shall declare, before admittance, their
Intention to become citizens, and within
three months shall take out their first
purer. Further, all aliens now in tbe
country must take t.'Jt pjpers vithln
three months after tho measure ?hsll
become law. and pursue the matter dili
gently. If they don't, they are to be
summarily deported.
Of course, such a measure has ' no
present chance to become law. It Is po
litically Impossible. But the work- of the
Bureau of Naturalization Is making It
Increasingly certain that -some measure
squinting strongly In this direction Is
going to be law' before long.
Tho alarming tendencv oP aliens In
this country to remain aliens is found to
be prevalent in all sections and States.
Likewise the tendency to Illiteracy
among tho aliens who do not become
clUzens Is so marked as lo iustlfy tho
.nnnl,alAn Ih.t tVlOBA U'hn (1(1 Wit bC-
como citizens are the ones least disposed
generally to Better tneir conuiuon nu
betome desirable citizens.
Encouraged by Governments.
Since the war in Europe started It has
become known that some foreign gov
ernments take measures to encourage
their citizens emigrating to America not
to become citizens here. Some of them
have not even vet como to tho point of
recognizing the right of their people to
expatriate themselves. "Once an Eng
lishman, always on Englishman.' was
the slogan even of British citizenship
unt'l about a generation aeo. when the
privilege of expatriation was granted in
the. fullest measure.
Kansas' City, Mo., Is one of the most
American of large American cities; it
hns only 25,327 foreign-bom white In a
total population of 21S.3S1. Cleveland,
on the other hand, has 103.703 foreign
born whlto in a population of 5fiO,6G3.
That Is, Kansas City has less than one
alien-born In six of population, while
Cleveland has more than one in three.
Yet when the two towns are compared
as to the tendency of aliens to remain
such, it Is found that there Is ltltlo to
choose. Kansas City Is in Missouri,
which, lets the foreigner vote without
waiting to perfect his citizenship. Ohio
allows no such privilege. Neverthe
F
EXPECT HI TO WIN
Friends of Merrltt O. Chance. Post
master of Washington. It was learned
today, are hopeful of his confirmation
despite the activity of his opponents.
' They point out that the opposition
toMr. Chance proceeJs primarily from
one or more persons who are trying
to get the office for themselves. While
thosV persons have drawn others Into
the contest, most of the activity Is
said to bo by the former.
Several Democratic politicians whoso
names have not been uncovered aro
understood to be seeking the office.
President Wilson is said to favor
Postmaster Chance. One of the things
in favor of Mr. Chance Is that tho
present session will run on for ma,ny
months. He will hold until the enJ
of the present session without further
action, unless he Is actually rejected
and rejection Is unlikely. Before the
session ends, the situation may shift
so that confirmation will be possible.
RIENDo OF
CHANCE
One Year Ago Today in the War
Grand f)uke Nicholas made a frantic effort to check the German
onrush through Poland.
Italy gave Turkey forty-eight hours to release the British consul at
Hodeida.
The Kaiser was again reported seriously ill.
Japan was reported ready to send troops Jo the allies.
less, the aliens of Kansas City are
Just as slow about becoming citizens aa
aro those of CloVeUnd. Here are the
figures for the two towns:
Kansas City Population. S4S.W1; for-cign-born
whites, 25.827: naturalized,
e.936: Illiterates of voting age. 2.0O4;
number or persons who since tho 1910
census havo taken out first citizenship
papers. 2,847; number vrho have taken
out final papers. DM: number who took
Otlt final Dfinent in fhn viar AnrtA.l .Tim.
SO. 1315. 1W.
Cuyahoga county. Ohio (practically
Identical with Cleveland, but makes a
more representative showing for tho
DUrDOSA of thin pAmnirliAiil a,,1m-
tlon, 37.425; foreign born whites, 214,-
'; or iB.o per cent; xorcign Born white
males of voting age, 100.70B; naturalised,
4a.1&t lllltArntn tnal.a nf .l.. -.
10,205; number who since 110 census
imvo uuten oui iirsi papers, is.ozi; last
5. , .-w. -.ww. rr.,w IUVK viuv
final papers In the venr inlwi inn in
1916, 2.0C8. ' '
Better Chance in Cleveland.
Thus It appears that In Kansas City
one out Of everv 1SS Turmn, nt niton
birth took citizenship papers in the last
fiscal year, while In Cuyahoga county
ono out of every MB took snrh tun.,.
Missouri's law allowing aliens to vote
without becoming full citizens would
appear to have discouraged naturaliza
ihon;.Th!ro ,. .M Der cent "er
fF2Z.S&ML tf e !5 ?rlM taking
Is in Kansas cTtv.1"""1 m thCre
OhloCr?"n?Hnf.NWZ08ta'l
per cent of foreign born whites , In its
EAt"' ""?. "mo n" on"' P
vI?-ta,o,??D!,'at,0n-0h'. .T7,m: New
NeweY?rk.S27rh,te"-OWO- 697'5:
Foreign bom white males of voUng
ago-Ohlo. 3W.478; New York. 1.221.013.
NaturallzfHl nttln ii- w.. V .,.
CW.0S3. ' "w ""
Illiterate males of voting age Ohio.
62.90S; New York, 170,030. -"".
yotln? age-Ohio, 35.160; New York.
4?0.Vk,
Applicants for first citizenship papers
York. 275,354.
petitions Tor final papers in last nve
years-Ohio, 18.000; New York, 117.691.
Petitions for final papers In the lnat
year Ohio, 4,272; New York, 24.830.
It would appear that the alien popu
lation of New York is a good deal more
interested In gaining citizenship than is
that of Ohio: for last year one out of
every 105 aliens In New York asked
final nnnorn. nrtr1 onlv nn mi nf atAtt
145 In Ohio did 1L
Situation in Iowa.
Iowa might fairly be regarded as a
pretty thoroughly American State; yet
It has 12.3 per cent of 'its population
foreign-born; and last year only one
In every 22S of Its foreign-born popula
tion took out final citizenship papers.
Summarizing, It appears that In New
York state, last year, one alien in every
10U became a citizen; In Cuyahoga
county. one out of every 103;
In Ohio, ..one out of every 145; In
Kansas City, ono out of every 1S; in
Iowa, one out of every 228. "The ten
dency to naturalize appears propor
tionately best' in places where the for
eign population is largest. Kansas
naturalized, last year, one out of every
19G of Its aliens.
The effort of ho Naturalization Bu
reau Is to better these records; to
hasten naturalization everywhere; to
make the new citizens Intelllcent. lit
erate, and understanding. To this end
It Is organizing us Dig educational
campaign. '
T am no Henry Ford, tu embark on
a eareless, ridiculous mission hlch
might embarrass "Uhfr a government
or a people," said Samuel Gompers.
president of tTio American Federation of-
Labor. In refuting to-lav to comment
on the speech of T.'avld Lloyd-George,
In which tho British minister of muni
tions urged labor unions to snspend
their rules.
"Tho labo- unionists of Groat Britain
havo done thelis duty as patriots, are
doing it, and will continue to do tt,"
said Gompers. "It would be easy for
mo to glv-) an academic opinion as to
what tho unions ought to do. My state
ment ns president of the federation
mlglfTbe ncardod as authorltatl"e.
"It would be mrc to embarrass citrcr
tho unions, or the povernment if weight
were attached tt it. I do not think it
would be right for me here to say any
thing. The nation will work out its
problems much easier without any com
ment from this side. It does not con
cern us."
GOiER DECLARES
HE I NOHEiYFO
BLOWATPEACETALK
III
Allies Contraot For Continuous
Delivery For Two , Years.
$200,000,000 Contract.
NEW YOnK. . Dec. .-Iiarffa adal-
tional WflP nrrfors .mnat a? thsm mtA
with an Injunction of secrecy have been
received in tho past month or six we ks
by those American corporations whoso
operations are all but Indispensable' to
tho allies. Some of these compaplp
have sold their cntlro output of muni
tions flvo and six years ahead.' Manr
havo contracted for continuous delivery
for two years.
These new and largely Increased or
ders have Impressed officers of big mu
nition companies ns of the highest sig
nificance, for the reason lhat at about
tho time the negotiations for the 5500,
000.000 Anglo-French loan were In their
final stages, there was a lull in the
placing of orders, and this inactivity
continued for some time after conclu
slon of the negotiations.
$200,000,000 OrJer.
An idea of tho amount of these new
war orders may be derived from the
fact that one company .has secured an
aggregate of $200,000,000 In new contracts
In tne last few months.
The reluctance of the alltes to plsca
now contracts In that period created
Mio Inference, that peAce negotiations
SSJJI byinderUken in the then near
future. But in the last month order
to some companies, have ,been doubltd
and trebled, as well as placed for de
lh7'nnln.U,,e rcmoUl '"i nd ndw
ff uS?t h-l2?iiamon,t mu"ufn maker
lonSVawn out" CXPCCt lhe War t0 Le
5?,2S.n3?r plttc,n5 orten for delivery
through two years are that, even In
XTthVlVu Umo- thcre ,s ,hc contlng-
tSZZ Lhl&fho ,,oacf wouM b8 Mle more
W fce and leave Muropo a camp
" n"t be armed, and that The
mobilization of workers in the British
muni on factories has not be attoVTd
cd w th complete success because of a
scarcity of skilled labor.
Many Plants 'increased.
Most of th big orders of the past
month have been- for arm, ammuni
tion, motor vehicles, railroad supplies,
rubber, copper, steel, and pig iron. For
munitions the orders have been so great
as to necessitate further additions to
tho large plants.
Tho Bethlehem Pteel Corporation, al
ready pushed to Its capacity, has war
orders on Its books for flCe vears"
straight deliver-, to say nothing of iu
business In fabricated steel, particular
ly structural steel, for domestic deliv-
klMr;?chr,bs U j" it become
Known, has abandoned efforts to nur
chase .control of other steel plants, flnd
ln..thoiPr'c? aekod bv the owners ex
orbitant to his mind. Am an alternitivo
. ia?dclded on additions to the plant
at Bethlehem, which he has long hoped
to make the equal. If net the superior,
of the Kscpp plant at Essen.
TTn,.,ad.dltlolLto. tt." European business
Bethlehem Steel I has been negotiating
big contracts with China and Chile.
As a sidelight on the development of
business at the Schwab plants It has
become known that. In protection
of secret polite' has been increased by;
MidvaleHas Big Orders.
Next to the Schwab plants, which
have been o necessary to tho allies that
Mr. Schwab could charge his own price,
the biggest of the recent orders are un
derstood to have gone to tho Midvale
Steel and Ordnance Company. "William
E. Corev. who spent the greater part of
his tlmo In France from his retirement
as president of the United States Steel
Corporation till the- outbreak of the war
Is understood to .have negotiated per
f.ona.l,LyJKl!S? th6 French government
the 830,000,000 order for twelve-Inch shells
which was announced from Philadelphia
Friday.
Midvale Is also bidding on contracts
for armament for delivery In South
America.
The Midvale Is now reported to have
J100.000,0fl0 In orders en Itsoooks? thessTn
cluding tho orders for Lee-Enfield rifle
placed with Its subsidiary, tho Iteming-
tnn Arm. l"V.vn ,.. a Tak.. .
Order to handle the increased businrL.
Mr. Corey. William Rockefeller ami
their associates are understood to be
tootling lor acquisiuqns such as the
Poole Engineering and Machine Com
pany of Baltimore, which has 817.000,000
of war contracts and which waa re
ported all but sold to the Midvale in a
dispatch to the World Saturdayr
IN CAPITAL TODAY
NEWWAR ORDERS
WHAT'S ON PROGRAM
Luncheon. Delta Tan Delta Fraternity. Ra
lolrh. 12:50 to J p. m. '
Christmas tree celebration to poor children
ana their parents. Shlloh Church, U street,
between Sixteenth ana Seventeenth streets
northwest. 8 p. m. '
Convention, American Association (or Labor
Legislation, Shorehajn, 10 a. m.
Annual meetlnr. American Socletv for Inter
national Law, Pan-American Union. 8pm
Convention. American CUic Association. New 1
Wlllard, 10 a. m.
Convention. International Concreas of Ameri
canists. New Natlonsl Museum, 10 a. m.
Dance, I'M Alpha Delta Local Fraternity
chapter house. p. m.
Meeting-, Woat End Citizens' Association.
Powhatan Hotel, J p. m.
Christmas dance, Sigma Nu Fraternity, or
George Washington University, New
Cochran Hotel. 8 p. m.
Christmas dance. Senators Club of Cornell,
ltalelgh. 8 p. m.
Steetlnc. District Federation of Woman's
i-lnb. New F.bbltt. 2 n. m.
Meetlngr, City of Washington Branch of the
American Pharmaceutical Association. of I
street northwest, t p. m.
Annual meeting,. American Negro Aeade'ny,
Twelfth street branch of the T. M. C. A
10:30 a. m. and 7:30 p. m.
Masonic Kalllpolls Grotto, short form la
illations and Installation, Chamber
Commerce rooms,
Odd Fellows Eastern. No. 7: Harmony, N
9; Federal City, No. . election; Coluit
Man. No. 1. Kncampment election
Knights of Tythlas Mount Vernon. No. V
election: Friendship Temple, No. t.
Amusements.
National "Sybil." 2:09 and 8:00 d. m.
nelasco 'The Hawk." J:M and 8:20 p m
Poll's "Under Cover." 2:15 and 8-18 p m.
Keith's Vaudeville, M5 and 8:15 n. rv
Casino "The Revolt." 8:18 p. m.
Gayety Burlesque, 2:15 and 8:15 p. m.
Tomorrow.
Annual meeting, American Society of Inier
national Law. New Wlllard, 10 a. m
Convention. American Civic Association. Sev
Wlllard, 10 a. m.
Convention. International Congress of Ameri
canists. New Natlonsl Museum, 10 a in
Christmas dance, Theta PI Sorority of Kan ( M
em Mich School. Congress Hall Ilo'-I '
P. m
Christmas festival eervlces. Pt Paul's M K
(Church, Second and S streets nnrlhAeo .
P m.
Maeoiilc-I.rvette. No. 1.
Odd Fellow Covenant. No. 18; Columbia.
No. 10; Sattra. No. XX (1101100.

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