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ftewatamfo FINAL EDITION .1 V Today "The Riddle of the Universe." The Monkey's 200 Bones. You're a Tetrapod. Earlh 100,000,000 Years Old. WEATHER: FAIK, COLD TONIGHT AND TOMORROW n wm NUMBER 10,442. WASHINGTON, SUNDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 17, 1918. PRICE TWO CENTS. Austria Breaks With Berlin Over Russia Refuses to Fight GERMANY BELIEVES AMERICA IS STARVING . . Submarines Begin Close Blockade of England-Shell Ports at Night The President says that in thinking of the Germans we should keep free of bitterness and hatred. It is the Prussian, part Mongo lian, that organized murder. A majority of the German people are earnest, valuable -workers-Just now driven to war at the point of the bayonet. For a change, let us stop talk ing about German horrors and discuss one admirable German book, "The Riddle of the Uni verse," by the great German phil osopher and student of nature, Ernst Haeckel. You may not find it easy to buy the book, but you can get it at a big library. For thousands of years the in telligence of man has struggled with the following problems of the infinite: The nature of matter and force, the origin of motion, the origin of life, the apparently pre ordained orderly arrangement of nature, the origin of sensation and consciousness, the foundation of thought and speech, the question of the freedom of the will. Of these great seven questions, aome are declared to be insoluble, and each has caused endless dis cussion. Haeckel brushes them all aside and declares that the one simple and comprehensive enigma is The Problem of Substance." According to Haeckel. the uni verse or cosmos is eternal, infin ite, illimitable. It consists of two attributes, MATTER and ENERGY. This dual substance fills infinite space and is in eternal motion. Forever and ever this motion continues with a periodical change from life to death. All masses are rotating con stantly, and while certain ones, sidereal groups of cells, called so lar systems, move to their destruc tion in one part of space, others are springing into new life and development in other parts of the universe. It has taken our earth, one lit tle speck in space, more than a hundred million years to develop its present forms of animal life, to say nothing of long periods of cooling that preceded life. Man is only the. highest among the vertebrates, which In turn are the highest amonc:.flnimals. His immediate ancestors have been here at least three million years, and he himself since the end of the tertiary period. "Our mother earth," says Haeckel, "is a mere speck in a sunbeam in the illimitable uni verse, man hjmself is but a tiny grain of protoplasw in the perish able framework of organic nature." You, Mr. Reader, according to Haeckel, are a true "tetrapod," otherwise four-footed creature. Two of your feet have developed into hands by adaptation. You have five toes on each of your four feet, because the amphibia of the carboniferous era happened to have five toes on each foot. Your great-great-great-grandfather, nine million times removed, was a sala mander. Do you doubt, asks Haeckel. that you come from an anthropoid ape? Then how do you account for these facts: You and the monkey have the same two hundred bones, arrang ed in exactly the same order. Ton have the same three hundred muscles directing your movements, the same kind of hair grows on your skin, the same groups of ganglionic cells build up the mar Telous structure of the brain You have thirty-two teeth, just like tho monkey's thirty-two, a four-chambered heart, just like the monkey's, the same organs throughout The differences between man and the higher apes are not as great as those between the man-like apes and the lower monkeys AH this Haeckel demonstrates solemnly, with much pains and many details. He delights in the discovery of the foasil ape-man of Java, which he declares supplies tie missing link, and which he proudly calls "pithecanthropus ercctus" or "monkey-shaped man standing up." He declares we should have found millions of other examples of the Missing link except for the fact that they lived and died in trees, were devoured by other animals, and, consequently, had no chance to reach a fossil condit on un'ess by accident they fell off a branch into the water and were preserved In the slime at the bottom. Man springs from a sinsle cell, as do all other living animals. His huge bodv is simply a great com monwealth of endless billions of these cells, each of which is a citi zen in the great cell aggregation called man. What w are pleased to consider our bra'ns is, accordin? to Haeck e . simply a certain combination of force and matter, acting under in fluence of centuries of education r.nd adaptation. Plants tunk, too. to a certain extent, and all the ani mals think more or less Psychology, which assumes that the brain force is something s-p-(Contlnued on Pe .-. - Famine in U. S., Germans Say DES MOINES, Iowa, Feb. 17. Residents of the United States, and of Iowa, particularly, are rioting and slowly starving to death, according to stories circulated in Sweden by German propagandists. This was told in a letter received by Mrs. Thomas Lister, of Denison, Iowa, from her mother in Stockholm. WOMAN SLATED TO BE OFFICER IN U. S. NAVY MISS SUE The first woman to be an officer in the United States navy is iiKeiy 10 Dear me name ana uue or Assistant raymaster sue Dorsey, of Washington. Secretary of the Navy Daniels is considering today the first official recommendation in the history of the United States navy that a woman be commissioned as an officer in that branch of Uncle Sam's fighting service. Miss Sue Dorsey. the fortunate woman, has been recommended to Secretary Daniels for a commission, and the man who rerommended her. Rear Admiral Samuel McGowan. chief of the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts, calls her "the most valu able woman In the navy." HOUSES WILL BE "The business houses of Washing ton it ill be open tomorrow The Retail Merchants' sotiation has had su nunj ino.uir.es as to whether the stores would be open to morrow that I believe this announce ment is neeessarv," said Charles J Columbus, secretary of the associa tion. "Naturally. Washington business men are mighty glad that the 'heat less days' are over. They responded to the request of the Fuel Admlmstra tor with splendid patriotism and 1 know are tt tiling to do so in tnis or ony other tay that may prove of benefit to their country. The disposi tion of merchants right now Is to subordinate personal considerations to national welfare " GERMAN MISSfONTuiTS PETR0GRAD; WAR ANEW AMSTERDAM. Feb IT The Ger man mission has left Pettogmd. ac ordlng to the Frank furtan Z tur.g whirh ssjs It lias the news offlclollt from rterlin German) considers Hie rmlstice ends tomorrow , an'l a state of wr will he resumed GAP TAL BUS NESS OPEN TOMORROW DORSEY. This girl she Is still girlish, de- j spite ner responsibilities already has an official title, but she Is still a civil st Ice employe of the Navy Department She Is officially recog nized on tho Navy Department pay (Contlnued on race 6, Col. 6.) T KILLED T District of Columbia troops are in Action on the uestern front. nd to- . day are actually firing over the top rit the German trenches I Xetts that the District guardsmen had taken their place In the first line I trenches ttai contained In a cable FIRS CAPITAL iVIAN ACTION ON WEST FRON from General Pershing yesterday, when the name of the first Washing ton boy to fall In combat with the expeditionary force was flashed, the first of many necessarily to follow. If the estimates of the number of District men In action hold good Private Ferdinand Kauers. twenty two yenrs old. of 1W2 Kluhteenth street, ttas Instantly killed by shell fire on February 12, according to the cable, which gave the names of three other Americans, presumably killed In the same engagement They are: Private John .1 White. Kpworth. Iowa; Private James Novasconl. Ouray. Col . and Trlvate Louis W. Stacck. Oklahoma City, Okla I.efC Lnst July. Toung Sauera left his home on July 8 last to enlist with the District National Guard and was mobilized with the organization to which he was temporarily attached at Camp McClellan. Annlston. Ala In the lat ter part of December he was ulth a (Continued on Pag S, Col. 1.) I 4 KAISER W AUSTRIA; Advises Berlin That Austrian Troops Will Not Invade Rus sia to Further German An nexationist Plans. ZURICH, Feb. 17. Germany and Austria have openly clashed, the an nexationist policy of Berlin in the east having brought about a serious and significant break over the Rus sian problem. Berlin has announced that, despite thi demobilization of Russian forces, German troops on the eastern front will continue to press the campaign. Foreign Minister Czemin, of Aus tria, it was learned todav, has sent a sharp note to Chancellor von Hert ling, of Germany, notifying him that Austrian troops must not be used to invade Russia, and that Austria is entirely out of sympathy with forci ble measures other than defense against marauders. Danger Was Known. " Although it ha been known for some time that Berlin and Vienna had been at odds over tho annexationist policy of the Oermin militarists, thli Is the first time that the rupture be tween the governments has ever been made public. The situation In the east is "loaded with dynamite" for Germany. Austria, Russia. Ukralnla, and Poland. Dispatches from Warsaw today an nounce that Poland la virtually In a state of revolt. Troops are patrolling the streets of the Polish capital while . general strike has been called aa a protest against partition of the coun try to give a slice of It to Ukralnla. Polish Army Ready. The Polish troops, a really effective military force, are ready to turn Ger man guns against the Germans. Meanwhile the lives of thousands of German In Ukralnla and other parts of Russia have been endangered through attacks of the nolshevlki. Germany Is sending troops Into Uk ralnla to avert a threatened massacre of Germans who are being held aii hostages Tho Bolshevlkl threaten to put hundreds to death unless the Ger man military forces are withdrawn. Fully 10,000 Germans at Rerar, Dorpat, and other cities are endan gered. Here Is a TRCE Story OF THE Wolves of a Big City The big fiction serial, "The Wolves of New York" you can begin today on Page 18. Don't miss a chapter of this great story. DETROIT. Mich.. Teb 17 Strangled by a man who accom panied her to a room Friday night, and who wai heard to leate less than an hour afterward, the body of a beautiful girl about twenty seven year old was found this af ternoon here In a lodging house. The onlv clue to her Identity consists of two letters addressed to Mrs. Charles Gates, General De livery One of them was signed by Mrs. Amy McDowell, l'awtuck et. It I. The other was evidently from her sister In Chicago. Deep marks of a man's ringers on the girl's throat bora mute evidence to the manner In which she had been alaln. The corner of a pillow slip crammed Into her mouth served as a gag. The girl was found shortly af ter noon today clad In black shoe-. tthitf gaiters and pink silk under garments. On a chair nearby were other garments, Including an ex fingers. That robbery was not the motive of th crime was made plain when a large roll of bill was found in the bed beside the dead girl, while two valuable lings wer on her pensive fur coat. MASSACRE IN RUSSIAFEARED For about a month McCutcheon, whose cartoons are enjoyed by every Times reader, will take a vacation. During this time Carey Orr will "bat for him." Orr u the author of The Tiny Times, which will be discontinued only during McCutcheon's absence. jM&wm$ JaJM KaBl END OF SHIPBUILDING E E BYHEATLESSDAYSi t NEW YORK. Feb. 17. Four hun dred and eighty ships carrying food to our allies, and supplies to our fighting forces In France were freel from Atlantic ports by the heat!c days. Dr. Harry A. Garfleld, Federal fuel administrator told the alumni of Williams College at their annual banquet. "The How of supplier to our forces abroad and to our allies has been restored," he declared. "A normal number of ships now wait at .tnchor ' for coal Of the -isf) ,hlpa freed from j port', more than U.V) of them tn-re loaded with the csnentlal munitions I u-hlh ha. mnrl.. ft n,..tkl. rn, ..up nssw .- siu'- 9. 'viDIUIt IVS v4 artiller to shell the German lines ' LEFT;ALLDANGER T With the water almost down to Its norm! level and with only ono ic, gorge, that off Glesboro Point. le- mslnine- on the river all danavr of 480 LAD N I SENTTOWARZON NLYONEIEA! OF FLOOD IS PAS further damage to property from a D"lr eight rour working day. and forth In tho announcement of the es flood and It It believed to be past. ' t,n" RnJ R "' for overtime ' tabllshmant of a bureau of motor I'p river points report that the ice1 nd'r the new schedule of wages torps service, has cleared, and that the water level I nJ '"V1" r the Delaware river, "Particular care will be taken." Is almost normsl and Baltimore district, effective Feb-1 says the official statement. "In the The ice gorge above Highway ril"r 25- minimum hourly wages for , establishment of safeguards to pre t.M.. .. k.-i. i... i..m .i-. hlp workers range from $1.33 for vent invlhlnr that would reflect on I ut) iiai. lint i'3H aitiia ruitr Thursday, broke up last night under the heavy wl.nl. and th. channel at that point Is n..w clear The ice Jam nl.id. and th channel at n..w clear The ice Jam Point Is solid to the bot- riveri off Glesboro torn of the rive OR COURSE HE'LL viVV. sbssa -''IaJA STRIKE BELIEVED NEAR A. F. OF L IN THIS CITY Drastic action is looked for to day by the executive council of the American Federation of Labor in the matter of striking nhip carpenters at New York and Baltimore. The council, headed by ('resident Samuel Gompern, has been in session since early thin morning. I.alor has joined with the Govern- ment in an effort to suppress the strike of woodworkers in Eastern shipyards, " t,i. l , .!.. j U,tMC1 till UIVL UUIIhCIUUO U1U unusual conditions in the history of America s organized workers, the j leaders of many crafts today threw their influence against William , liutchenson, chief of the carpenters and joiners, upon whom they place I full responsibility in the walkout at i Ualtimore and New York. Likely to Go Dack. Today It appears llkel the carpen ters will go back Official reports to the shipping board Indicate that only , l.COO are now out un strike In the dlf- ferent ards. Meantime the wngn adjustment com mission of the shipping board an nounced a new standard wage scale and working program for the ao-call- !' river dlslrlrt. embracing fourteen arde The wage commls-' "lon ,lM'lsl"n grant Increased wage , hn'"i'r and machine forgers down , 3,1"""' '"; b"" Tho cight-hour da ' Py'd1! with a half holiday , " ',' r Y.i. r,.V , da 'J Pr"vlal1 ," "'' ho"dy l!","rda. t,m nd one-half for over- 1 (Continued en Page 6. Column 2.) I 1A HOLDING PARLEY REFUSE FIGHT TO RETAIN 8,000,000 IN BILL FOR D. G. BUILDINGS The forces in Congress behind the project of erecting temporary build ings for the War and N'avy Depart ments are planning today to check mate the mote of Congressman Clark of Florida in having the approprla-i In a vital spot, there is a chance of tlon of JS.152.500 for the buildings "inning Into shallow water before go-,t,i.-i ... t,. .- .,...,. j.,.. I Ing down. Insuring saving practically stricken from the urgent deficiency , , fe aboard The grMtMt nJ bill on a point of order yesterday. rd- under the new German plan. U Chairman Sherley, of the Appro-' that a number of torpedoes may be prlatlona Committee. In charge of the fired, and one of the ships struck in bill, gave notice that he would ask the boiler room, or other vital spot, for a special rule for consideration where an explosion would work heavy if the Item bt- the House He said destruction that any measure for the successful Added significance la given to tha prosecution of the war Is more essen- shelling of Doter a a part of the wai man inr niceties 01 parliament- ary procedure. TO HIDE BREECHES Drivers of automobiles in the Bed cro motor corps must hide their breeches under short skirts This was the edict which has gone .... - ...,.. .- --- -- . ....-.. .. tn. hBh rharaeter of the Red Clot ad lexi to bring humiliation to the b(dv ot the high mlndad American na "na lo oring niimiuation to me body of the high mlndad American young women who are enlisted In tha work." RED CROSS GIRLS UNDER TINY SKIRTS GERMANY T Attacks Near Coast Depended Upon to Convince Kaiser's People U-Boat Campaign Has Not Proved Failure. LONDON, Feb. 17 BUef that a naval engagement has occurred is expressed in a dU patch received in Stockholm from Gothenburg and forward ed by the correspondent of the Morning Post The dispatch re ports the recovery of a large number of bodies of German sailors, who apparently belonged to a warship. LONDON, Feb. 17 Germany has made radical alterations in her sub Tnarinecampatn, the-ne-jrlan in volving' a close blockade of tha Eng lish coast, with nigntly attacks upon seaports. Two bombardments, of the city of Dover, the capture of an unusual number of U-boats close to the coast line, and bits of information gathered from prisoners taken from subma rines have convinced naval officials that this will be the future German policy. Result of Criticism. Although the authorities are rati cent in discussing the matter sad refuse to make public Just what In formation has been gained from pris oners, it is known that at a recant meeting of German naval strategists a new method of submarine attack: was devised. Ths Garmans are Be lieved to have adopted this course aa tha result of criticism of the effec tiveness of the U-boat campaign. U-boat attacks of the last two weeks have been close to the coast line. The transport Tuscanla was sunk within alght of land. The rec ord of attacks on merchant vessels shows that nearly all were near tha coast when the torpedoings were at tempted. Transports Safer. Although the possibilities of sink ing transports might be greater, tha danger of heavy loss of Ufa will be materially decreased If this plan u followed out. With submarine strength concentrated along the coast, transports would be Immune, to a certain extent, from attack whlla oa the high seas, where a good hit by a torpedo would mean little chance for the human freight. Torpedoed close to shore, however, as was the Tuscanla. there Is every chance for the ships to land a big ! part of those on board. Unless struck ci01. blockade camnalxn bt- a recent i quotation in a Ilerlln paper, which 'said: Manifestly Untrue. "The morale of the Knglish people has beeh shaken more by air raids and shelling of cities than by military operations on the western front." That this Is manifestly untrue Is seen In the unusual stimulus noted In recruiting stations each time there U an air raid oter London or a seaport city is shelled The casualty list In last night's air raid over London will be very small. Th forces which visited tha city shortly after 10 o'clock last night were driven off by the anti-aircraft batteries before they had a chance to inflict much damage. The raiding sauadron dropped u. few bombs over Kentish cities. Brit ish aviators are reported to bav brought down one of the Invaders. "BLUE SKY" 8ALESMAN JAILED. CHICAGO, Feb. 17. Giles P. Cory, wealthy investment broker, was ar rested late today for violation of tha -Dine k iw. 01 heads a company wl have aold ISOO.OOO wc XBlolt tha "Birth of "blue sky" laws of Illinois. Cory heads a company which is said to worth of stocJt t a, Baeo fllak. TRIE OU NEW UN MOR .