The national era. [volume], January 31, 1850, Page 20, Image 4

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1 THE NATIONAL era.
the miin mm w mr. citrttntci
I'POX THK WILMflT PROVISO.
JJdiltTkil IN Ihn S*n?rtn of tit'' UnilfH S'llt'S, On ihr
2Uf ami 214 of January. IH.'iO.
There are two principal question* involved in
the controversy u|?n the Wilmot Proviso: first,
Is the measure constitutional? And, secondly.
If constitution'! I, is it expedient?
All those who hare hitherto contended for the
power of Congress to pass the Wilinot Proviso,
hare contended for h general and unlimited power
of legislation orer the Territories. The right to
institute Government* over them, and the right
to legislate over the internal ooncernsof the same
are used as convertible terms. This is a decided
disregard of one of the. canons of freedom. It
extends even to the judicial tribunal.*, and to the
commentators ou law. They argue, that the
power of governing and legislating for a Terri
tory, is the inevitable consequence of the right to
acquire territory. They hold that Congre** has
plenary power and complete jurisdiction, without
limitation, over the Territories
It was this claim of unlimited legisiation that
led to our separation from England. And it is
amazing, how boldly thiB claim has been urged in
this Hall, as if the rights of sovereignty were
everything, and the rights of man nothing. This
power of legislation without representation, we i
first denied in argument, and then resisted in
arms But the British state-nun had one ndvan- |
tage in their argument; they had no written
Constitution to unpeal to, but a Legislature j
which in f h? iKpfirr e\f fhpir fiAtprnmtiil una 1
omnipotent. We have a written Ci>n?titution
and before the authority of Congress cm be
brought to hear upon auy subject. the grant of
power must be pointed out. The right to organize
Government* over distant Territories, leaving
to ihe'people of those Territories to regulate
their own concerns in their own way, is reconcilable
with practical liberty But the right of unlimited
legislation over them cannot he justified
under any circumstances, or reconciled with the
principles of human freedom Though the Constitution
has given to Congress the power of exclusive
legislation over the |)istrict of Columbia,
yet it is one of the terms of the national compact
and though it is a despotic power, because it is
not accompanied by the right of representation,
yet the despotism of the measure is somewhat tempered
by circumstances resulting from residence,
which can never exist between Congress and a
remote colony.
The great principle in this controversy is, the
inseparable counretion between legislation and
representation. No paramount necessity calls
for its violation The people of the.Territories
I are surely competent to manage their own int? r
nal flairs Experience tells us this truth, wherever
the American People go. '/'here is no necessity.
theu, for Congress to legislate for the J'er
In! 5.4 "ongre-s has m ys/ sr. gap'
in a few instances, which were clearly um-<>nstituti(LDpl
J/yj slated exclusively for thetn. Thjrc
is not a Territorial Government which we shall t
he called upon to organize, out of our present
Territories in which the majority of the people
will not he Americana, and as the great issues of
life nud death are left by Congress to these people,
there is no resaou why all the other objects
of internal legislation may not be safely commitL
t> J to them. Th? l?i? proceedings in California
I to organize a .State Government are the best
proofs of the capacity of the people to lay the
foundations of their politicil institutions, wisely
and justly. It is an indisputable argument against
the necessity of restraining them by Congressional
legislation. There is uo Constitution in
this Union in which the principles of rational
and progressive liberty are better secured.
There is uo clause in the Constitution which
gives to Congress express power to pass any law
respecting slavery in the Territories. Every
construction which would give to a foreign legislature
jurisdiction over this subject of slavery?
that is, to a legislature not elected by the people
to be affected by its acts?would give it also jurisdiction
over the relations of husband ami wife,
parent and child, guardian and ward, embracing
within its sphere the wholecircleof human rights,
personal and political. If we have the power to
abolish or exclude slavery, we have the power to
institute it. If we possess any power over the
subject, we possess complete jurisdiction over it.
It there be any limitation upon the power in the
Constitution, let it be shown. But has Congress
any power at all upon the subject 7 The clause
of the Constitution most frequently quoted in
support of this right is that which provides that,
?% " The CoDgress shall have power to dispose of
and make all needful rules and regulation* respecting
the territory or other property belonging
to the United States."
If this grant conveys full legislative authority
over this property, and over all persons living iu the
same region of country, nisking man the mere incident
of property, cert ainly words were never more
unhappily choTn. The phraseology of the provision
for the government of the Kederal District,
and of the places ceded " for the a-rection of forts j
magazines, arsenals, alock yards, and other needful
buildings,'' admits of na) doubt that exclusive
legislation was intended to he granted. They,
therefore, who claim that tha> idea conveyed by
the words to regulate property is thaa same as that
conveyed by the words to exercise >rtlusm legtslulion,
arc bound to show why thai latter language
was not used in every case. There is no doubt
about the meaning of the terms lo > rercise exclusive
legislation; hut when it is attempted to force the
words lo regulate projierty to hear the sainai signification,
the reason should be shown why litis latter
form of expression was used in preference to the
former. No mau has done this. Until it is alone,
the obstacle is insuperable.
Great confusion in the treatment of this subject
has arisen from applying the word teiritom to
those political coiuiiiuiiitia-s which are organized
under the name of Territorial Governments, and
considering it as so applied in the Constitution
The term territoiy, in the Constitution, means
laud, <lomaiH; and the appropriate political designation
of this territory, when organised under
Territorial Governments, appears to have been
district, as is evident from the language used in
the old laws, organizing the Governments of the
Western Territory. What, then, is the true import
of the constitutional power to make needful
rules and regulations for the pnhlic property ? It
is, that Congress shall have power to disposo of,
use, and preserve the public property, wherever
situated, ami to exercise nny power fairly " needful
" to attain these objects. It is property alone
which is the subject of the grant; and its disposition,
and, in connection with that, its use and
preservation, are the objects. The phrase "territory
or othtr projierty,1' makes tmitory one of the
classes of property, and the word territory referred
to the great Western Territory, at that time the
groat fund to relieve the liuances of the infant
Confederation. This clause conveys a necessary
graut of power to the Government, as a landho der
or holder of other property, to use and dispose
of the same at its pleasure. Now, if the power to
make needful rules mid n nutations conveys a general
grant of legislative authority, theu the express
clause for the exercise of jurisdiction by the Gen
eral Government over all places purchased from
the States for theerection of forts, magazines, \c,
with the consent of the States, was unnecessary.
It is contended by some that the word tmitoii/
in this cIhuso Joes not mean /?/?,/ alone, hut includes
also political jurisdiction, thus making
American citizen* a part of the national property to
bedisposed of at will. The author of this objection
seems to have forgotten that the Supreme Court
of the United States, in the case of the United
States against <i ratio! and others, had come to
tho same conclusion. That Court in that case
held that?
"The term territory,' as here used, is merely
descriptive of one kind of property, and is equivalent
to the word ' lands and Congress has the
name power over it is over any other property
vested in the United .Slates," Ac.
If it he true that Congress has exclusive jurisdiction
over the territory, \c, of the United
States, it has power to dispose of. to sell, to cede
that jurisdiction; and no one will pretend (hot
when the C oner a I (Government sells or cedes to a
purchaser a |>ortioii of this territory, it sells to him
jurisdiction over the portion purchased, whether
that purchaser he an individual or a foreign
State.
But there are those who. while they admit that
the word ttrilon/. in the clause of the Constitution
uudcr consideration, means land only, claim
that the needful regulation of it includes complete
jurisdiction. This doctrine, when pushed to its
legitimate extremity, will justify the declaration
once made, that the Ttm'orits vuiij !? sold into
slavery. It is an unavoidable oonsei|ueiie? of the j
doctrine.
One of the late Presidents of the Uuited States
(Mr Adams) based this unlimited power upon a
signification of the word uetd/ul, that renders nugatory
all the safiguards of the Constitution
' Needfulfor what end V asks Mr. Adams. " Needful
to the Constitution of the United States, to
any of the ends for wbi< h that compact was formed
Those ends arc declared in Its preamble ,
to t.sf'ddnh /in/if' fur example What can he
wore needful to the establishment of just ice than
the interdiction of slavery, where it does not exist
/ ' By this reasoning thegrintsof power in
the Constitution are not to he sought in that in- J
strument itself, where they are carefully ?nu- [
merated, and all other* as < .refully prohibited
but in the preamble whieh merely enounces the
general inotivas of the people in the establish- ;
ment of a new (iovi rnment I I be essays in the
federalist never claimed such a construction of
Til
tb* grants of power in the Constitution. Rut the
Supreme Court lays down the true doctrine on
this point, when it says ? ' That the preamble
can never he resorted to, to enlarge the powers
confided to the Government or any of its departments."
An argument in support of the snthority of
Congress to legislate over the Territories is derived
from th?. war anJ trrtiiy miking pawn, which
bring with them, mm nn incident, the right of acquisition,
and this is followed by the right of legists
tTng"~osu-r the country acquired. The effect
of the war winking jower upon the right of acquisition
19, under our Constitution, nu inquiry
purely speculative, as no territory has been added
to the Union by that process. It is difficult to
conceive how the mere act of war, though it bring
conquest with it, can permanautly annex a foreign
country to the UnitedStatca. without the interposition
of some department of Government
constitutionally competent to indicate the national
will on the sulject 80, the waT-tnaking power
cannot be raid to make the acquisition, or annexation,
though it may afford the opportunity of its
being made. A treaty of peace, confirming the
couquest and making the cession, carries the question
to the treaty-making power. Rut the proposition.
that acquisition necessarily brings with it
the authority of legislation, is quite a diti rent
thing. Judge Marshall held the opinion, on one
occasion, that "The right to govern may fx the
inevitable consequence of the right to acquire territory."
Others, following in his steps, gave it as
their opinion, that the right nas inevitable. But
what ia meant by Judge Marshall's "inevitable
consequence ?"' Is it a logics! consequence deduced
from the language of the Constitution, and doesit
make the power of government an integral part ot
the treaty-making power? 8urely not; for the
right to acquire is one thing, and the right to legislate
is another, and the act 01 acquisition is complete
in itself The tr* ity-inaking authority aoquires
territory by treaty The pow?r to dispose
of it. and the power to admit it into tbelJnion. when
formed iuto States, are both rrptmlg given, and
of course, if thev were not given, they could not
be. exercised. The power to legislate for it is not
given?and how, then, can that power be exercis
?'<1 ! II In Cimr. me iu?-? in itpi.-.n...... ... ?
eluded in the idea of acquisition, nor so closely
connected with it. that the one power cannot he
exercised without llie other. But. perhaps this
' inevitable consequence' maybe a consequence
resulting #rom ?/<oral necnsity. Moral necessity
for the usi?mj>>ioH of jamcr nmy he justified,
hut it can hare no pi ice in an inquiry into
the true powers ot the Legislature, which
may assume to act upon the ground of necwslly
Such a case is without the pule of the
Coustitutou t)n the other hand, it may he
that Judge Marshall s " inevitable consequence"
is the constitutional couseqiieuce, by which implied
powers may he exercised when " necessary
and proper to carry into effect expressly grantid
powers To hriug it wiihiu this clause, it must
he assumed that acquisition cannot he complete
without political legislation, aud that the littler is
' "xci-e-vry vutl proper"' to the at f in meet .of .the
acquisition. Now, turn vttimu 'oe puVefy an if&suinpthm
; for the moment a treaty of cession is
rauiitd, net 01 acquisition i? complete, and
the territory becomes, ipto facto, a part of the
I uiied States Legislation cannot change its
tenure, nor make it more or less than the treaty
bun made it. The disposition of the territory acquired
is quite another question, and must be determined
by other provisions of the Constitution.
But implied powers are grunted only to Congress
The treaty-makiug power does not possess them.
The power is strictly a legislative one Besides,
an implied powpr canuot he engrafted upon another
implied power. The authority is spent
when once exercised. In support of tin be views,
the opinion of a Judge of the Supreme Court,
published in the National lutelligi-ncer of I >ccemherT'd,
18-17. may be adduced Hut, though the
. i* ||,,.? I,, ill..I,.i t..Ilk t.i ulii.w Ih ,t c.nn.
gt-Crs hud nit power Jo institute slavery, his argument
is conclusive. that the National Legislature
has no right to ileal with the question at all. This
is not all. The power to make treaties, and to
aeqnire territory is not a sufficient foundation on
which the action of Congress, in legislating lor
territories, can rest because, a greater portion of
the territory, in which Territorial Governments
have been erected, was not acquired by treaty at
all. The territory, out of which nine Territoiial
Governments havo been created, made a part of
the IJuited States, on the day of the declaration
of their iudepindcuco, and it is clear that the
treaty-making power, in these eases, did not confer
upon Congress the right to legislate over it.
P.ut that provision of the Constitution which
dei lures " that all dehtsand engagements entered
into before the adoption of the Constitution shall
be valid us Against the United States, under the
the Constitution, as under the Confederation," has
been relied upon as establishing the power to exercise
complete political jurisdiction over theTerritories
The Ordinuocc of I7N7 istreatcd as a
compact, an engagement, a contract between the
people of the United States, in their collective
capacity and the people who inhabited the in w
territory ; and theexpressacknowledgment of this
compact by Congress, under the Constitution, is
regarded as a recognition of the compact by the
Constitution,ami curing it of any unconstitutionality
it had undertlieConfederation. This is the
proposition , and the deduction, therefore, is, that
Coiismchs has a right of unlimited legislation over
the United States Territories! Now. the validity
of this compact must be tested by the Constitution
itself, and not by any Congressional
acknowledgments of it. The words in the el luse
debts and engagements entered into,'' have no
relation to the exercise of political power The
Territorial Government established by the Ordiii
nice of I <s7 was no compact. If was a mere
? = -? r ??1...:? It I,..- I.?, Itunu.I
OI'UIDUrjr H?:? ?>l ir^nianwu, ? um ?#w u nitnvu
time and n^ni 11 by Congress without opposition.
'I'here in no inviolability nhout it, notwithstanding
tho declaration introducing the list six hcotionH
of the Ordinance, thn* tlay shall fortctr itmain
wwltirohlf unless hi/ common constat. These
HrticlfH arc destitute of the very first eleinentH of
reciprocal obligation There was but one party
to them, and that was the Congress of the Con
federation The other party was not in being?
w as not heard at all?never gave I heir consent in
any manner to these six articles. Besides the
want of parties, there was a total want of power
The exercise of the power was an open assumption
of authority The resolution give the Ordinance
no validity, if it had none before. I'
left if where it found it Who doubts the power
of the people of Indiana to assemble in convention
and to introduce .Slavery, if they please, or
to abolish the Kngli-h common law and to substitute
the Code Napoleon? What heoonies,
then,of the inviolability of the six articles? Are
In* no/inln .if' lo.li.tm> or?f uiiViMMirn *?ttniiirh to i.l
"" " ............ - p p
ter or change their internal system of policy,
without the consent of Congress ' If they arc
not, what becomes of (lie principle lli.tt the new
States are admitted into (lie Union ''on an r<
footing mill the original State.", in nil respects
whatevrr ' One of the six articles of this ho
called compact declares that there shall not he
more than five Slates formed out of the Northwestern
Territory ; and y>'l u sixth, Minnesota,
will soon lie added to the five already admitted !
Where is the irrepenlnhility of these articles of
com pari !
Why has Congress exercised the power of
governing the Territories ' Why has its action
l.een submitted to in the absence of any constitutional
authority? I.et Mr. Madison answer
' All this has been done," said he. in remarking
upon the assumption of the mine power by the
Congress of the Confederation, "without the
least color of constitutional authority. The public
interest, the nece-sity of the case, imposed on
them the task of overleaping their constitutional
authority.1' Cer'ainly. it is the moral duty of
any country, holding distant possessions, to Institute
(lovernments for the preservation of social
order And here, and here alone, is the foundation
of the power of Government, as exercised
by < "engross. It was assumed, to preserve social
order in distant regions; and had it In en confined
to its proper purpose, the institution of Governments,
without interfi ling in the internal concerns
of the people to he governed, it would
everywhere have gone on to its proper consummittiou
ilo' establishment of State Government,
without having ith validity eallnl in question
Upon this Milj'ft of Territorial legislation, Congress
begun right noil it is difficult to ascertain
why it afterward* admitted modification* at war
with the true principle*of site legislation
What the Count it ut ion permits, Congress may
ilo, Mini nothing more If the Constitution permits
it to institute Governments for the Territories.
anil withhold* the right to interfere in their
internal coneerns. while the former may be eiercised,
the latter must he avoided. Congress assumes
the right to authorize the People of the
Territories to meet iu Convention to form Constitutions
ami State Governments; anil also it
ns-mmes the right to rureise many of the privileges
of self government. All its power to do
this must he tried, not hy its |aiwer to do a great
deal more, hut hy the gn at charter, the fountain
of its authority
With respect to the exercise of legislative
power hy the people .,f a Territory, the general
opinion seems to he, that that political condition
is a tskui conferred l.y Coiigrem, and that it may
he enlarged, or restrained, or withheld, at its
pleasure. I do not deny that there is a reasonable
latitude for sound discretion, nor that their
peculiar relations, under these circumstance*,
give us a title to preaorilie the general principles
of their political orgiuiiation When, however,
they find themselves iu the face of the neceeaity
to establish a Government, from the neglect of
the General Government to eel, as iu the cases of
Oregou and California, they will always be ready
E NATIONAL ERA.
and able to avert the evils of political disorder. by
a political organization adequate to the end to be
j proposed, nnu no oue will deny their right to do j
ho, under the*!' circumstances But there in a
broad boundary between our rights and their du- )
tier, which we c.inuot pass, and ought not to j
pa?H?the right to manage their own internal 1
affair* in their own w.iy restrained only by the
law establishing their Government and by the ;
Constitution ; and the necessity, which is our j
only justification for action, require* tut to go no
further. Social order is secured, and there our 1
action should stop. And there, with a very few
exception*, w holly unnecessary and unjustifiable, j
it has hitherto always stopped. Tbp necessity |
censing, the legislation arising from it should
cease also. The legislation of Congress upon the
Territories merely enables them, and this is the
j extent beyond which it should never go, to exer
1 oise a portion of these nit oral rights. if (iocs |
not confer upon them any ofthoM rights, because
they do not belong to Congress, to be doled out j
to the \ eople as th?y may want them, or as suits ,
i the Congressional temper. 'I'o hold that Congress
has the sovereign right to legislate over the
Territories iu all cam whatsoever, that the j
Territories have no lights in themselves, is to j
I advance and maintain the same doctrine which f
has achieved a temporary triumph in Hungary, L
Italy, and Ciermany. _ |
Hut. it is asked, a hence did I he people of the Ter- | ,
ritories get the right to legislate for themselves?
They got it from Almighty God? from the same
Being alio gave us our rights, and the power ami !
will to assert and maintain them. It isa tight inherent
iu every community, that ol having a share i
in making the laws which are to govern them, and j
of which no power hut that of despotism can de j
prive them. That power iu Europe is the sword ;
Congressional interposition only ntl'ords the peo- |
pie of the Territories the opportunity of exetcis- |
ing and enjoying all their rights, of bringing |
them into practical operation, with no ether limitations
than those arising out of the Constitution
and their relations to the United States. Their
powers of legislation embrace all the subjects belonging
to the social condition. There is no act
of Congress, respecting any of the Territories,
which enumerates the various objects of legislation,
and then confers jurisdiction over them
The whole power is conveyed, with very few ex- |
ceptious. and these are expressly withheld. The
Territorial Legislatures have full authority over
all the concerns of life, including the relation of
master and servant, against which there is no
prohibition, either express or implied, in the
Constitution. Their rights over the subject of
slavery or servitude are just as complete as those
of the people of the States. Let him who seeks
to deprive the people of the Territories of their
right over this subject, put his finger upon the restriction
in our great charter.
Hut even if this power exists, to control the
Territories by the Wiluiot Proviso, ought it to
be exercised under existing circumstances ? One
half the States of the Union believe that no such
power has been delegated to Congress by the
, CoiiptittijioQ. ami a large portion of the other
?..?< (jjV-^ruUill I y liok^tiic rxiinC ."tf .. of
subject. Ami even those who contend for the
power, admit thfci vuewui j cv is not free iron/
doubt. Besides, fourteen Stales of the Union see
in this Wiluiot Proviso a direct uttack upon their j
rights, and a disregard of their feelings and interests
As a mere practical question, is the legislative
adoption of the Proviso worth the hazard
at which alone it can be secured .' Can any man
say that the obstacles and dangers which beset
its adoption ought to he encountered > Not the !
slightest good can or will result from such a Con- |
gressional interference with the rights of the
people of the Territories, for Slavery never c ut ;
or will go into the new Territories. Kven if !
Congress were to establish Slavery in them, it
would not, could not go there. Considerations of I
profit alone would prevent its introduction into I
these Territories
The Wilmot Proviso is urged upon the ground
of expediency; it is opposed upon the ground of ,
constitutionality. Surely it should be abandon- !
ed, when the adoption of the measure itself w ould
be so dangerous to the Union, and so profitless in
its results. For myself, 1 will engage in no crusade
against the South. My sentiments upon the
Wilmot Proviso are now before the country. I
have hreu instructed by the Legislature of Michigan
to vote for the Wilmot Proviso. When the
time comes, and 1 am required to vote upon this
measure, as a practical one, i shall know how to
reconcile my duty to the Legislature with my
duty to myself, by surrendering a trust I can no
longer fulfil
For the National Kr?.
REFORM VERSES.
BY < HAHI.KS J. SMITH.
N<.w I lie shallow* of the luiduight
Are ii|. .a the outward world,
And (tie tanners of the noonday
la their \ ifltnr . amps are furled,
And the smoke of its tierce battles
Hound i In- distant hilltop* curled
. N .w it,i- Imin of moving maiees
Hll & fitnt all ! r.VMr T.e&f," *
And the day long din ul labor
Died away upon the aired,
And the pave is springing Upwa'd
From lla weight of treading fed
Now the ear of young Ambition
I learn the phrenaied world'* accUitn,
Hv the lamplight, dimly burning,
iiive* bid iiuinlieriidown to fame,
lo the piuile of the problem,
Head* the riddle of a name
Now the strange enchanted dumber
la with all the world besidr,
Making monarch* oft, ami beggars,
l ake an aiiti|Nidal atrlde,
itlelting In a common channel
tile's humility and pride.
In my chamber, keeping watches
With the hour* elill mid lone,
With no mice above the cricket *
< hirpltig o'er the old lie irthstoUf,
Or I he wind against the window.
With it* melancholy moan.
N.iw it In my spirll aandere
Far away from it* confine,
Out upon the world about me,
Like a pilgrim to a abrine,
troll a* a true reformer
On hie mission most divine.
Not in building airy temple*,
lti.-l.lv MM,fed with Hill,eel gleams,
Pluming >?tf the pleasing laudm-spes
Oft lit i' lining laml of ilrrtai,
W bore On* seasons art all summer#
Ami the hour* golden beam*.
N?t in brooding o'er the stages
Of Hit lift thai now it past,
I I'tr Ibt j ijrt llial ntrt no! many,
Ami ywt oolild not ever but,
On Ibt rhaiiees and Ibt changes
That have left me aorron fan!
Not in brooding ovt loVe semes,
Tbat art transient an a flower,
Weaiiug ballads fur my lady
In btr amaranthine turner,
Would I yield lur to the magic
Of tbe solemn midnight hour.
Illhi r art the thoughts and feelings
Co my Ikioiiii tome In 'times,
Driving the nee the swaying tempters
That would torture me with cmues,
Which my yielding spirit humbly
l ain would echo lurk in rhymes.
I aiu thinking of (he sorrows
Of this earth of human souls,
Of the manifold transgriasiuiia
Ami the thousand thousand doles, i
Which are everywhere si glaring,
To the limit of its poles.
I am feeling for my fellow
In Ids most degraded stale,
Win in his father ill the hi liens
III his Iling* did crate,
n II 'HI HI" rji ,
Willi *oderlliab it bate
I mn h'ipinif fir II e eoliiitu(
Of (Ik1 litUir lint* lor *11,
Wbit'll i? prouilaed in lb* writing
ill..winu now U|nill lb* w*ll,
I I,*1 lb* ru'er *ntl tbe wronger
And their Mala yet nul fall
I ?m not it hermit Peter,
'I'o go preaching * (riiriJi'.
Kouting U|| Ilia hllla and Talleya
With * thunder like tirade,
I rglng war upon the (.oiler
Willi Ihr tire mid the I,I t la
I i *n work no revolution
Sudden a? I lie earthquake almek,
Witb my wordy malediction*
Mov? I be deeply rooted rock,
Hut the dripping of I be fountain
lu iU time will yet nnlnek
Tbett I linn would breath* iu uumlterw,
Though bill li ii in Itl y I bey pretend,
If lb* ear of one might bear ken
To lb? pray inn of a friend,
Of Iba Collie* tbal are wllti iu,
And tbaarlla wilboul end.
I would 1'iunael Iu my waabnea*
Wltb the younger, bolder heart*,
W bo are aetting out to journey
To aa yd unowned marl*,
Tbat Ihelr l oaouta be md baeely
I beat*J Wlt% improper ebaiU
WASHINGTON, I). C
SYNOPSIS IIP MR. CIJUMIVS DISUNION
SPEECH.
The Iloupe having roiolvel itwlf into the
Committee of the Whole for 'be purpose of referring
the President'* annual message to the appropriate
committees Mr. Clingman of North Carolina
obtained the floor
lie had great confidence in the judgment, integrity,
and patriotism, of the President, un?l he
admitted fully the right of the citiiene of each j
State to settle for themselves <|ue?tions of domestic
policy, referred to in the message. There was |
iio difference of op'nion between himself and the j
gentleman from Georgia |Mr. Toombs] u|sin the
ijnestions which now agitate the country, lie be- j
lieved that a collision with the North was iacvi- (
table, stid the sooner it came on the hotter lor all ;
parties The South would be sufficiently united to i
successfully repel the aggressions of the North. I
lie had voted against the gag rule, and favored |
many compromises for the sake of peace, hut all to
no purpose
The force of the anti-slavery seutiment of the
North is not understood at the South lie had
supposed that to make California and New Mexico
free would allay the excitement, hut he was
now convinced thtt this would ouly he regarded
as a triumph, and accelerate the general move- I
merit against us. To prohibit slavery in all the
Territories of the United States, to abolish it iu
the J list rict of Columbia, in our forts and arsenals.
i>r wherever we have jurisdiction, and to abolish
the coasting slave trade nud that carried on l?etween
the States, is the object of the North
This I need not argue, is at war with the Cou
itution. He (Mr C) w is opposed to the idea
that the people of Californi > au<l New Mexico
should give laws to their conquerors. It wis
preposterous. That people would doubtless l>e
glad to exclude not only slaveholders, but nil
other Americans, if allowed to do so by a simple
vote The anti-slavery agitation had prevented
Southern nun from taking their slaves into that
Territory; but for that, our slaves would have
been ink in there in great numbers to work the
mines.
This anti-slavery agitation operates seriously
upon us by w iy of heavy losses in our property.
Great numbers of slaves are daily escaping
to the North, and, though pursued, they are seldom
captured, by reason of the connivance of
the free negroes and abolitionists
''The extent of the loss to the South inay be understood
from the fact thnt the number of runaway
slaves now in the North is stated us being
thirty thousand ; worth, at present prices, little
short (if fifteen millions of dollars. Suppose that
amount of property was taken away from the
North by the Southern States, acting against the
Constitution ; what complaint would there not be !
what memorials, remonstrances, and legislative
resolutions, would come down upon us! Mow
would this Hall be tilled with lobby members,
coming here to press their claims upon Congress
! Why. sir. many of the border couuties iu
the slaveholding States have been obliged to give
up t-beir-slavea al.aost entirely.
' ' It was stated in the newspapers th'e other day,
that a few. counties named io Marvlapil l> til hv
the efforts of the abolitionists within siv months
upou computation, lout oue hundred thousand dollars
worth of slaves. A gentleman of the highest
standing, from Delaware, assured mc the other
day, that that little State lost, each year, at least
that value of such property in the same way. A
hundred thousand dollars is a heavy tax to l>e
levied on a single congressional di-lrict l>y the
abolitionists."
If slavery has any evils, it does not otlVnd the
North. The slave trade has benefited the North
as well as the South: waste lands at the South
have been improved, and the prices of our staple
articles have been brought down from very high
rates to the present low rate. The negroes can no
more exist in a stateof freedom out of the tropical
regions than the horse. They have never anywhere.
when left to themselves, attained to a respectabTfrstate
of barbarism If you except the
foreign population of the North, it will be found
that the white population of all the slaveholdiDg
States has increased much faster than the free
St ites.
We are in advance of the North in w ealth even
if we do not couut our slaves as property. The
slave States are much richer than the free States,
in proportion to their population. We h&vo also
vastly less pauperism and crime in the slave States
than in the free States Looking, therefore, at all
these different elements, viz: greater increase of
population, more wealth, and liu poverty and
crime, we have reason to regard our people as prosperous
and happy. No higher state of civilization
rrists than in the slaveholding States Much is
said of our slave population ; hut. sir, it will compare
with any of the white laboring population of
the North.
."Saul iVir noiouiy win i miiorniu, wrrgou.
I New Mexico, Deseret, >m<I Minnesota. come iu
noon ns free Stated but we are to be hemmed in avd
overpowered in liotb branch id of the N itionul
| Legislature , do that, ere long, the abolition ot
shivery iti the States, either by change in the
| (h institution or otherwise, will he atrongly urged
I and effected. The North ever openly avows th it
slavery ahull he kept withiu its present limits, so
that we dliall mooii become like Ireland, or. by the
increase of the negro population and the decreH.se
of the w hiles, like St Domingo.
There are those now living who would probably
see this atalc of things, hut it would be certain to
overtake our children or grandchildren. These
facts are staring us in the face as distinctly as the
sun in the heavens at noonday Northern men
not only admit it. hut constantly, in their public
speeches, avow it to be their purpose to produce
this very slate of things. If w e express uhrni at
the prospect, they seek to amuse us with eulogies
on the blessings of the federal Union, and ask us
to be still for a time They do well for it is true
that communities have usually been destroyed by
movements which, in the beginning, indicted no
immediate injury, and which were therefore acquiesced
in till they had progressed too far to be
resisted. They have, too. constant examples ill
the conduct of brute aniui ils, that do not struggle
against evils until they begin to feel pain. They
are doubtless, too, encouraged to hope tor our
submission on nccount of our acijiib sconce under
their former wrongs. They know that the evils
already inflirrrd on u?. to which t have referred,
greatly exceed in amount any itjiry that Groat
Britain attempted w In n she ilrovo i Ik-colonic* into
resistance. Besides. air, their npgrowiioiiHhavo infill
I toly le-s show of count it nt i< no I right or color of
natural jo at ice Hut what they now propose is
too palpable even for our Southern generosity. If,
after having been free for seventy years, the
Southern States were to cousciit to be thus degraded
ami enslaved, instead of the pity, they
would nieet the scorn and contempt of the universe.
The t/i'H of this generation, w ho would be
responsible, ought to be whipped through their
fields by their own negroes I thank God that
there is no one in my district that I think so
meanly of. aa to believe that he would not readily
come into whatever movement might be necessary
lor the protect Ion of our rights and liberty. I tell
Northern gentlemen, who Hre in hopes that the
South will tie divided, that we shall not have half
us many traitors to hang as we did Tories in the
Revolution."
Mr proceeded next to show that our revenue
system worked disadvantngrously to the South,
that the revenue system was burdensome to all
the Southern States, while the North reaped the
beuefif. 1 le also calculated the cost of a dissolution,
and argued that it would he advantageous to
the slave States, in a commercial, moral, social,
and especially in a political point of view. Baltimore,
Charleston. Mobile, New Orleans, nod
all the commercial cities of the slave States, would
abstract a large portion of the trade of New York,
Boston, ami the commercial cities of the free
States. The South would grow up in wealth,
while the North would retrograde. The South,
he said, were willing for a fiir settlement of this
i|uestion.
" But w hen we ask for justice, and to be let alone,
we are met by the senseless and insane ery of
' Union, union!" Sir, I nm disgusted with it
When it eoines from Northern gentlemen w ho are
attacking its it falls on my ear as it would do if a
hind of robbers had surrounded a dwelling, ami
when the inmates attempted to resist, the iissailants
should raise the shout of " IVice?union?
harmony!" If they will do us /V?/mv, we do not
need their lecture*. As long as they refuse if
their declarations seem miserable, hypocritical
cant. When these things come from Southern
men, 1 have even less respetg for them. Kven the
most cowardly men, when threatened w ith per|
tonal injury, do not usually announce in advance
thitt they moan to submit to all tbc chastisement
which an ad vers iiy may choose to iutlict. Ami
those |ifmnn who, seeing the aggressive attitude
! of the North, and itn numerical power, d'dare in
advance that fur their parts they intend to submil
to whatever the majority may do, are taking
the beat course to aid our assailants, and need not
| wonder if the country regards theiu as enemies of
! the South
" If Northern gentlemen willdoua just ice on this
great ijuestioo, w < may consent to submit to lesser
evils We may acquiesce In a most oppressive revj
enue syatem. We may tolerate a most unequal
I distribution of the public ezpenditurea. We may
bear the loss of our fugitive slaves, incurred bsc.nise
the l.egislatures of the Northern States
have nollilied an essential provision of the Conj
atitution, without which the Union could not have
been formed, because mere pecuniary considers(ions
are not controlling with us. We may evrn
permit such portions of the Northern people as
are destitute of proper self-respect, to send up
here occasionally representatives whose sols business
seems to be to irritate as much as possible
Southern feeling, and pander to the prejudices of
J
t JANUARY 31, 185(1
the worst part of the Northern community We
tnay allow that the Northern Ststos should keep
up and loater in their Ixaonia Abolition Societies, (
whose ru tin purpose l> to scatter Irtbrudl I
throughout the South, to Incite servile insurreetions,
and stimulate, by licentious pictures, our
negroes to invade the persons of our white wo- |
men Rut if, in ndditlon to all these wrongs and .
insults, you intend to degrade and utterly ruin
the South, thru trr don't go it. We do not love !
you, people of the North, well enough to become
your ilnvrj. God has given us the power and the
will to resist Our fathers acquired our liberty j
by the sword, and w ith it, at every hazard, we
w ill maintain it. Hut, liefore resorting to that instrument,
I hold that all constitutional menus 1
should be exhausted."
Mr. C. proceeded to any that the Southern
members had the power to block the wheels of
Government until this i|uestion was settled, and
he was in favor of doing it Let no appropriation
bills be passed till the Territorial <|Uestion is
nettled. A minority of one-fifth mny demand the
yeas and nays, and as long as this provision stauds
we can prevent legi-lation till this <|uestion is !
settled
441 hold it to be the duty of every Southern rep- j
r? *> ntalive to stay here and previ nt, till the close
of our official term, the passage of any measures I
that might tend to force our people to unjust sub- i
n.iuiAll In Ika maan liana 11, aa KnntKern StiltM '
could, in convention, take such steps as might he
neces-sry to unseat their right to a share in the
public territory. If this interregjvqm were to
couiiuue long, it might drive both sections to
nuke provisional Governments, to become peruia
nent ones in the eud
i " Uut it ia advised, in certain portions of the
| Northern preaa, that the members from that section
ought to expel auch as interrupt their proceedings.
Let tberu try the experiment. 1 tell
gentlemen, that this ia our slaveholding territory.
We do not intend to leave it. If they think they
can remove us, it is a proper case for trial. In
the present temper of the public mind, it is probable
that a collision of tbe kind here might electrify
the country, as did the little skirmish at
Lexington the colonies in their then excited state.
Such a struggle, whoever might prove the victors
in it, would not leave here a quorum to do business.
Gentlemen may call this trrason?high
treason?the highest tre -sou that the w<>rld ever
saw. But their words are idle. We shall defeat
their movement against us. But even if I thought
otherwbe, I would still resist. Soouer than submit
to what they propose, I would rather see the
South, like Poland, under the iron heel of the
conqueror. I would rather that she should fiud
the fate of Hungary.
" It was but the other dsy, and under our ow n
eyes, that the gallant Hungarians assorted their
independence Though in the midst of and
struggling against those two immense empires,
that could briDg more than a million of armed
men into the field, they were successful at first iu
hea'ing down the power of Austria. It was not
until some of her sons became trail or*, that Hungary
was finally overpowered, borne down, and
ypooqqt. ,A "'fph the to%<r 'v|l>mn? gigantic
strength of Russia. If necessary, let such be
' ItetUr be
Where the extinguished Sp irt arm still are free,
In their proud eharnel of Theriuopylft
It at her let the future traveller, as he passes over
a blackened and desert waste, at least exclaim,
i Here lived aud died as noble a race as the
t-uti ever shone upon." If we were to wait
until your measures were consummated. and your
j eoil, like that of a great serpent, was completely
| around us. then we might he crushed. Seeing the
j danger, we have the wisdom and the coursge to
! meet the attack now. while we have the power to
resist. We must prove victors in this struggle.
If we repel the wave of aggression now, we shall
have peace. The Abolitionists, defeated before
the country on the main issue, will not have power
to molest us.
" 1 have thus, sir, frankly spoken my opinions on
this great question, with no purpose to menace,
j but only to warn. Gentlemen of the North
ought themselves to see that, while submission to
j what they propose would be ruinous to us, it
would not in the end be beneficial to theirseetion
I Seeing:, then, the issue in all its hearings, it is for
| them to decide. They hold in their h:mds the
destiny of the existing Government. Should circumstances
divide us, 1 wish that you may prosper
From all my knowledge of the elements of
your society, 1 have doubts. That we shull, under
the favor of Providence, in all events, take
care of ourselves, 1 have no fears. Iu conclusion.
I have to say, Ho us justice, and we continue to
stand with you ; attempt to trample on us, and we
part company."
Tor the National Kra
SOUTHERN AND NORTHERN LOOII!.
Southron aaya, "All e?iiial are,''
To hiatal it it our story ;
Hut' niggcrn " hare no right to come
Within thin category.
If .tal k the akin, 'tin clear ae light,
The owner ia a brute air,
AuJ therefore negroea are not men '
There, iau't that aatute, air I
" Oh, yea," atya Jonathan, " you're amart;
Of that I hare no doubt, air;
Voiir reaa ming'a good?perhapa 'twere belter
It it were carried out, air.
I-or negroea thret* yoo get one rote?
IK..'. ...... w.O.. r?r II,r.. I,rut., air
I've ft ft v cow*?how many, then,
Ought I tu hate, my 'cute air?
for if it l>e a* you aeaert,
A negro ha? nit uiiml, > ir.
In brutish <|iialitieH my brute*
l eave negroes far behind, air.
t our brute* have two lege, mine have four,
And they know how to use them;
\ our* run from their kind inaeter'a door?
Aline never ro abuse tItem.
from your brute'* life there hang* a ta'e
Of misery ami the lush, air ;
Aly brute'* tail, net er troubling me,
t ang* uu'et at their bark*, air.
Then ' Primrose," and " Old Uriudle " too.
Who feed upon my land O,
Sha'I have a voir* at "Washington,
A* well a* Cuff and San.ho.
lly long ear?d l>ob$tr they will b?
Alost not.ly represented ;
In Hall* of t 'ongres* he *hall Stan I,
liraying like one demented,
for there he'll liud a brotherhood
ttflegislative a**e* ;
liut mind1 he'll ki>'k, if by their aid
Again a g tg law pasee*.
' Stop1 *top! " *ay* Southron, " black* orr men,
Suppose we that allow, tir ;
Their father* were our father*' ilave*?
Why shouldn't I'ify lee oust, sir I
s iv* Jonathan, " V?ur argument
shall meet no contradiction,
And we shall *ee the rule will work
t uto your own conviction.
" \ our sire rebelled 'gainet Hritish law*,
for which he did get bung, ?ir,
It follow* then, that 'round veem neek
A rope, too, *hoiild he strung, sir.
If hoi*ted twenty feet in air,
l< paiii v.iii vp'tl lipiir nti inure* then.
Of right to make mm *lavcn, hcc.vnie
Thtir father s were before tbem.
* The nuuiber may be incorrect; I have no book at h.iud
to aacertain.
NO FKLLOWMIIP Ut rlt SLAVBNOLUKKN.
A St.'KIP I'OKAI. AHHUMKNT In favor of withdrawing i
frllowahip from t burcbe* ami Kwhliutlral Bodies tol
rating Slertlii l.llog among them, by Kev Silar Mckrm
of Kra'lforil, Vermont, t# the title of a tract of -In page#,lu#t
piiblmhcl by lb? American ami K> reign Autl Slavery Socl
ety. ami for dale at their llepoeitorv in New York. Price?
f i.Oti a hum]ml; aingle copy, il cent*.
W11.1.1 AM HAKNKIi,Agent,
April Itt til Jihn afreet. New York
tlKAM t>IS MAOA/INK-IMH
' O. K. DltlAM, J. K. I'll A M'l.KR, am) I. K. TaVI.OK,*
EDITORS.
'PIIK January number of lirahou'# M.tgaalne?the Bret
j i nntnl>er of the New Volume?in low reuly for the mailt
i ami for ehipinrtit# to agent*. The Publisher* anil hull tore,
! while xpre?*ing * >t>#facttnii in the extraordinary *u<vr##
with which their effort# to elerate the character of the p-rl
| ."lical literature of the country have Iwen crowned m|*et
fully offer a tateuiciit of their preparation# f.>r the New Voli
ume. It I" well known that no other Magaalne aeer piibiiah
i cil In tlie hiigtmh language ha* preaeiitnl aiich an array of
| illuatri.iu#contributor* llryant, I ooper, Paulding, Herbert,
loiigfeilow, 11, .ft III all Willi#, Kay, Siinni*. c..n#titnte alone a
c >rp" greater than any erer be'oreeugage.l fur h alngle work
j All examination of our laet yuliime# will ?h..w that then# distinguished
writer? hare all fiimiaheil fur thia niincellany ar
ticlee e.|ii?l to the bent they hart giren to the world. They,
with our other old eontrthutorw, will continue to enrich our
p.igra with their pruductlou# ; ami aererml eminent author#
who have not hitherto appeared in our |>agea will hereafter
be added t<i the hat llf coiirwe, therefore, all attempt* to
compete with t.raham'a Magaaine, in It# literary character,
will he UMUccoMftil. In erary departuirnt, the higheat talent
in ilie country will bo enlisted, atid im effort spared to
, mainUiii it# prraent reputation a# tho lea.ling literary |>eriudieal
of America
Urtut wlorrmmts It Postmasters and C/nbst ant'/utilltd
hy ihose of any Other Kstahluktm. nt
K'or three dollar#, In adranco.ipar money In the State#
fmui which It i* remitted.) one copy of tirahtm tor one year,
, and meiiotlnt portrait*,on nroof beet#, ?f Hen laylor iaeu.
Kutler, tieii. Scott, (leu Worth, ami I apt Walker. Thee*
picture#, pro|ierly framed, will inako a ealuabl# eel of parlor
i or library picture#. They are rugrarrtl Iduu undoubted original*.
by the bent artist*, and ar* of theiuselve# worthy the
price of a year* mib#erl|ition to (Jrshani'a Msgxine Or. at
the option uf the utweriber remitting three dollar*, we will
mid any three of Ml** Pickering'* or Mr*. Urey'# popular
I work*, or a magulttcrnl print, from tb* burlu of a celebrated
I Knglinh artist.
Kor flee lollar*, twocople* yearly,and a #*t of the portrait*
abort Uamr-I, to rack ubperibor
Kor t*o dollar*, fle* copi** yearly, and a copy of tho Magaaine
to lb* po*tm*#1er or other per#ou forming the club
K or twenty dollar*, elereaeople*. and a *et of th* portrait*
to each ubucrtlier, aud a copy of the Magaatn* to I be prr*ou
furmitig the club l'oe Tv
).
wanted,
AM U.K I'K ACHKK, t? take charge of a Manual l.ther
S ib<?l In lh< Wiiil, fit l olornl Foiuli'. The achool I*
allotted In a planaant and healthful paction of coun'ry. It
Km been (hhwIoI on a Imfiiwl loll hjr i 'wnml nhilanthro|4?t,
niul all tliat 'a now needed. to carry Into effect hie bene
*< lent purpoee, la a I'r1nrl|>al Ttttktr of lb* mjnMti
ipialttWttona None need apply who cannot prod una the
moot aviefactiry teatiiuonlala of character ami (MipcltMt. ,
loinmuutcalioua ou the auhjeet, post paid, ma* b? ad- (
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Kit I Waahington, l>
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To reform and perfoot ourselves and our race is the most
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The winter ia the be?t season for Hydropathic treatment
" I'tiwm ira'lop on towarda a cure iu the cold sea*on, while
the instinctive temlenciea of the ayetem are more manifest,"
re-actlou being then more easily produced.
In the experience and skill of the Sii|>erintemleiit, who
was one of the earliest practitioner* of Hydropathy iu this
country, Ilia utmost souiidance may ha placed.
The location of the Institution has been selected for the
peculiar salubrity of its atmosphere, the inexhaustible supply
ot water, Its proximity t" the city, and the advantages
which it offers for fully carrying out the principles and practices
of the Water Cure.
Til E HAT1IIND DEPARTMENT
Has been constructed after the Kuropesn plau; every room
being provided with a plunge, foot, and sitz bath. The
doucli lias a fall of about thirty fret, while the main plunge
is supplied fr >in an exclusive spring of cold water.
The servants and bath attendants have been selected with
the greatest care, and all accustomed to the economy of an
Hydropathic establishment
I'ar-eville is about nine miles from Philadelphia, sur
rounded by a ffoiirisbiug neighbourhood of industrious and
enterprising ariuers. (Join mimical ion may be hail wilb the
City, either by water AT otherwise, several times daily.
There are churches and schiail* iu Us immediate vicinity.
Thi*Managers, while tbey offer the advantages of their Institution
to the diseased, would also tender them the comforts
and conveniences of a home.
Tikmi?for the first four weeks, Ten Dollars per week,
after that, Kight I)<1 ars per week which includes board,
treatment, anil all overcharges, exoept washing. Those requiring
extra acrommodati u, will be charged accordingly
The water treatmentis not a panacea that will rare nil
diseases; it it therefore necessary that each applicant should
have the benefit of a careful examination : Iu every instance
the doctor will candidly state bis opinion, and then
applicants wil tie at liberty to become patients or Pot, as
they think pro|ier. This examination can lie made In Philadelphia,
or at the Institute, for which a fee of tire dollars
is to be paid at the time of making the examination.
Persons at a distaun- can obtain an opinion as to the probable
effect of the water treatment, by enclosing ten dollars,
accompanied by a written statement of their case.
Application to be made to SaMitkl Wbss, Secretary, fi8
South Kourtb St., Philadelphia,or to Hn l>KXT<n,on the
premie en.
Patient* will be expected to bring with them two linen
ahr.eta, two Urge woollen blanket*, four eomforUblee, and
liulf ? iloxen orach towel*, or tbeee can be purcha*ed nt the
Institute.
At the l.ivery Stable, they can procure carriage" or an!
die horaee, (for I adie* or Gentlemen,) and encb km wi*b to
keep their own borne* at I'arkerille can have them well
taken care of, at livery stable price*
A etatre rune daily from the hiMtitnte to tted Hank.
Uot.
LAW OFFICh., CHICAGO.
(1A1.VIN UK WOI.K, Attorney and Counsellor,Telegraph
J liuildinir* C'lark atreet, Chicago, lllinoie. Particular
attention paid to col lection*.
Terms qf ('hurt. Cook County, Illinois.
County court?first Monday in hebruary, May, and Ontober.
Circuiteonrt?aeeond Monday in June and November.
ftT" llatnande for suit ahould be on hand twenty day* before
the firet day of each term. Keb. .1 ? I yr. gr.
K KVOI.L'riON I'M PERIODICAL LITERATURE.
Iloliliu's 111 ustrutcd Dollar Magazine.
SI NCK the death of the projector of this popular Magafine,
the property ban passed into the hand* of the subscriber,
who will contiuue to publish it at the Publication
< I lllce,
No. i(h? Numiii Street, New Tork.
THE NEW VOLUME.
I'n l<? commenced od the let of January, I Soil, will comprise
many important la pro re in rut*, which, it in believed, will
rriuler the Magazine one of the best periodical* published
in the country, a* it certainly is the cheapest. Aim.iig there
improvcmenta will he new and lieautiful type, tine calendered
pH|? r. a higher order of i I IiihI ration* than t hose heretofore
riven and rontnbntintiS tVoiu (oine of the ablest writer* in
America. It in the aim of the proprietor to publish a f'upu
lar Magazine. adapted to the w.mt* of all classes of reading
people in the Kepuhlie. which shall lie both instructive and
amusing, and free alike from the grossm ih which characterize*
lunch of the cheap literature of the dug, and from the
rapidity of the no-called ' I .adieu' M*gaJne? " The Ulnat
rations will consist of Original Drawing* engraved on WimyJ
hy the Ii?Ht artists; ^
I'orlruita of Kriiiiiiknblc l'rr*on? ami View* of
iieinurkuhle I'laira,
Illustrated hy pen and pencil. A strict r> vision will lie ex
erelsed, that no improper article or word -hall ever lie admittel,
so that it may mfely l.e taken hy persons of the utmost
refinement, ami read at I he fireside fur the amusement or instruction
of the family eirrle.
The Keview department ot the M ignzlne will ciuitaiu hriet
critical notices of ill the n-w publication* of the day, and
will torm a complete chronicle of current literature
f rom the business and literary Connection* already established,
the I .est assistance that the country can nfforrt will
lie secured for completing the plans of the publisher, and
nothing will he wanting that ample pecuniary resources and
watchful industry can obtain to make the Magazine the
I .ending Literary Periodical of America.
The extremely low rate at which it Is published preclude*
th- hope of piotit, except from a circulation greater than that
which any literary periodical has ercr yet attain-d ; but,
with the new avenues daily opening for 'he circulation of
works of merit; the constantly increasing population of the
caintry; the cheapness of the Magazine, ami the *ti|>eriority
of its literary and artistic attractions to <bo?e of any other
work now issued ; the proprietor fcarless'y engages in an enterprise
which will he sure to I encflt the public II'it should
uot enri -h himself.
The Magazine will lie under the editorial charge and super
visum of
('hi*rlea K. lirigc*.
who ha* l-een connected with it from the beginning.
The ' I'nlpit i'ortraits," t series of biographical sketches,
accoiii|?nied by well-cngraved i'ort rait* of Kminent liirine*
ofthe American I hurches. which hare formed a conspicuous
feature of" HOl.PKN," will he continur d in the succeeding
Volumes of the *1ag nine, and will r-mlerlt of peculiar value
to religious peopig of every denomination.
The riflh Volume
will commence on the first of January next,but will lie issued I
on the loth of lieeember. f.ach numlier will consist of
til I'ugca. and Numerous Engraving*.
rt.a Ti'piem are I
One Dollar a Year
in Stance; the Mag aine will lit- plainly and carefully directed,
an.I aeut ) ) mail ni tht risk qf the lubtrribm. A a
ra? l? number will be atereoty ped, luiacing or l?et number*
<*an In* at anytime auppMed alien ordered, but will he deducted
fr>>m the lim? tor whi-h payment baa la-en repaired.
KaalllUMnt may he aent at the ri?k of the proprietor, proriiled
a deaarlption of the bill* are taken, ami eurloaed in the
preaenee of the I'oetluaater, aa evidence of the fact.
hire nplea will l>* fiirniahe-l for fl I. ami twenty copier for
*l.r>. Ntimhera for the year IMS, excepting the month of
January, will he furniehed at four eeuta each, and Honnd
Volitinea in rloth with gilt edgea, from July to l>coemt?r,
Inel'taire, at #1 each.
Newa|>a|ier p'lbllahert who will Inaert thin I'mspectu* four
timet, aml^iotlce the Magazine luouthly, will receire a bound
rolume for the year ISItl, and an exchange for the coming
year; they are requaated to am I only thoae |<apera in which
the t'roapM-t- a and notto?a appear letter* muat he addamned
to" Hoblen'a Hollar Magazine, No. I<W Naaaau St.,
New York." ami jaijf jmul In all caaee
Oct 25?Jut. W. H DlhTZ, Profirttlor.
TO Tift READERS OI'TIIK NATIONAL ERA
IN OHIO.
\tiKNTS Wante-I, to trarcl In every cmnty in Ohio, to
obtain appltcair na for inaurance in the St I.aw retire
Mutual Inaurance Company, Ogdenahurff. N. V htiterpricing,
aetire young laeu can niakr goal wage* from the
eommiaeion paid by the Company. Satisfactory rcfeniicre
ami laiiida will lie required Ad-treea, jhm/;?i?f?
H. K. BKAYTON, lieneral Agent.
Jan. It'? it CbttlllM Ohi*.
Jl'UUK JAY'S 11 KYI EM OE Tilt. MEXICAN
WAR.
CliMfi, for Gratuitous Circulation.
Ft IK gratuitoua circulation, thla a<liuirahle work can now
he ha-l. In paper corera at the following rate*, much
cheaper than even iinleMind trarta vlx: aix roplna 'or ono
dollar, and lot for EIA, or, on poorer paper, for ACL Apply to
W.C BKOw N, 316 Corn Ml I, Hnatoti.
Willi AM HAKNMi til John atreot, New Yort
JOSKfH M ATlKKtiOOli r-l Arch -it-ret, Phil*.
No? ??2m
BOAR Ul NO.
1/IKS KMII.Y II STOCKTON, No. 1*1 Choatnut otiwM,
if I I* t wee ii fourth ami fifth atraeta, EhlUdelpAl*
oot. at?tr
VOL. IV. 4
VALUABLE PUBLICATIONS.
FACTS FOR rHK PKOPLE, edition: A com tdlatloti
from the wrliingauf Mon. WillUni Jay, Hon JR.
Hi.I.lings Hon. J < i'alfrrjr, tli.I other*, on the relations of
the United Stated Uovernmeiit to Slavery, and enlnriii a
history of the Mexican ??r It* origin and object*. By Poring
Moody. Price 20 centa.
Nathaniel P. Rogers?The eeet>nd edition of a Collection
fnnn the writinga of Nathaniel P. Kogera. Price, In
neat cloth binding, $1.
Narrative of the Life of Wllllnin IV, Brown, a Fugitive
Slave; wri ten by himself. Complete edition?tenth
thouaand. Price 25 eeuta.
Auto-Biography of H. C. Wright: Human life, tllaetrated
in my individual experience aa a Child, a Youth, and
a Man Hy Henry C. Wright " There ia prorerly no Pi lottery
; only biography."?U W Lmetion Price $ I.*
Ttie aboee worka are jnaf publiabed and for aale by
Sept 27.-r.m KKI.A MAKSH.25 I'uruhUI BwIm
THE fKltM) (IE VOI III.
THIS new and at'rac ive Journal for Youth, edited hy
Mr*. Italley. and published at Washington, can be bad
at the Roiioi .iirnry./or thr Naiioiml Era, 25 Combill.
Price, by mail, NO cents a year; delvered in Hoe ton. free of
poetage, 75 cent*. OEOHOti W. 1.I0HT,
Nov. 25. 25 I'ortihill Boston.
KPHIViUll.C: BOAKD1NM MT1U4II. MIR I.IK! s '
tJ^HIS Institution i* agreeably situated in a healthy part
X of I?ud<4in county, Virginia, eight milea west ol I ee*burg,
and two mfcee south of the atage road leading^nn
Washington to Winchester.
in? Kiunmrr lerui win commence on nw |-<,d or firth
month, (May.) The winter term w ill commence on the 15th
of Eleventh mouth, (November )
The branches taught are?Heading, Writing, Arithmetic,
tie tgrapbv History, Oraiumar, Com|si*it ion H<sik keepir g,
Natural Puilosophy. Astronomy, Cbeaiistry, Botany Alt.
bra. Rhetoric, the trench l-anguage, Drawing, Painting,
atnl Needlework.
lectures are delivered on Naturnl Philosophy, Astrouomy,
and <'bemistry, illustr.il.d by pleasing experiments
A library, a cabinet of mineral*, ami philosophical appv
rat us, are provided for the u?e of the school. The discipline
is strictly parental; and eeery eMurt is made to induce in
the minds of the pupils a love of knowledge and desire of excellence
as the pro|>er stiniulants to exertion
The terms, for tuition. board, and washing, are $ Iflfl per
annum, or $5" per term of'id weeks. The only extra charges
are 511 cents ner quarter for lights, pens, and pencils; $;i per
quarter for t rench lessons and the same for drawing and
painting. Books and stationery furnished at the usual |rices,
when required
Scholars sent to tbe Point of Rocks will be coiireyed to
the school free of charge, by giving timely notice, directed
to Purcel's Store.
Dec 6. SAMDt'l. M. JANNEY, Principal
LARD OIL.
IMPROVED LAKD (ill.?Lard Oil of the finest quality,
equal to iperm for combustion, aleo for machinery and
woollens,being manufactured without acids, can always be
purchased and shipped in strong barrels, prepared expressly
to prevent leakage Orders received and executed tor the
Lake, Attautie, ami Southern eities, also for the West Indie*
and ( aiiS'la* Apply to
THOMAS EMERY, Lard Oil Manufacturer,
Jan '211. 33 Water street, near Walnut.Oncinnati, O
LARD POR OIL.
LAKI WANTED.?Cash paid for corn, mast,andslop fed
Lar I. Apply to
THOMAS KMK8Y, Lard Oil Manufacturer,
Jan.'30 33 Wafer street, near Walnut. Cincinnati O
PIKK-I'KOOK t || I.MS.
PATENT Salamander Soapstone lined Iron Chests, that
will Ml. II.I >11,.MM fip. t?..n . ... ...V,... 1- I. Il . - ...
try. Also,a Urge supply of Patent Air < haiui-er Iron ( herta,
7'iti now in us*?, and w? still make chests in the ordinary way,
?t rerr low prices Slate-lined Refrigerators, Water Kilter#
Portable Water t'losetB for the sick an*I Infirm. Seal and
Letter Copying Presses, Kire Proof Doors for Banks and
Stores. KVANS it WATSON,
----- - - 7*vS?uth Third street, Phviadwipbiv
'X fC l/o'unt!fy Merchants are invited to call and examine
for themselves, before purchasing elsewhere Feb I
* )iontm "HATioivAi, ERrNo
25 CornhilI.
tpilK Nntionui faVu comes frcra Washington to this office
A by Express, and is delivered by carriers in sny part of
the city proper, at $3 50 a year,//re of po*tuge; sing #
copies, six aud a quarter cent*
Mow is the time to secure this national advocate of the Liberty
Moveu ent, during the first sessiou of Congress utidir
the new Administration, when questions of the moat thrilling
imi.ortar.ee must te decided.
Subscriptions and renewals respectfully tolicited by
Nov. A".. OLD. W. Lititl T, Jot ornbill
TO INVENTOHSv.
f I^HK subscribers offer their services to persons wishing to
X obtain patents in the United States or in foreign countries
an t will prepare specifications and drawings, and take
all necessary steps to secure a patent.
From their long experience as practical mechanics, added
to a thorough knowledge of the Patent I aws, and acquaintance
with fho details connected with the business of the
Patent Office, they trust they will be able to give satisfaction
to their employers, both iu the clearness ami precision of
their specifications, ami in the promptness and ability
with which they transact all business intrusted to them.
Persons residing at a distance may procure all necessary
information, have their business transacted, and obtain a
ratent, by writing to the subscribers, without incurring the
expense of a personal attendance ut Washington.
Models can be stnt with perfsctsafety by the Kxprcsses
Bough sketches ami descriptions can lie sent by mail.
For evidenceof theircompetence and integrity the) would
respectfully refer to all those for whom they have transacted
business.
Letters must be post paid.
Office on F street,opposite the Patent Office.
P. H. WATSON.
Jane 7. It. H. KRSWIfl
EXCHANGE BANK OK K. XV. LATHAM A (?>.,
Washington, 1). C.,
DKAI.S in chaoks, dtHfts, acceptances, promissory notes
bank notes, ami win. Ld
BANK NOTES
Notes oil ail solvent hunks in tbe United States hiHybt
anil sold at tbe best prices. >
I)HANTS. NOTES, AND MILS,
In Washington ami (ienrgetonii. collected, and rrmittanrt s
promptly iusde, in Baitiniofa, Philadelphia, New Sork, or
Boston funds, at a charge of one-'pnarter per cent.
COLLECTIONS
IVIaile in all the principal cities ot the Union, on the most
favorable terms.
EXCHANGE.
Kills of exchange and hank checks on most of the princi
pal cities of tbe linion bought anil sold at the best r. tes
?E|~ Olltce hoars, from eight o'clock A. M. to five P. M
Nov In?tf
I..\ \V OFFICE, COLA X1BI K, O.
W I I.I I AM U. JAKVIS, Jan., Attain'* ami Counu.i.
< Law, Uolumbns, Ohio. fitter Iu PlatFr new building,
State street, opposite south door of State House.
Business connected vtth the profession, of all kinds put o
rnallv attended ? Jan 8S
UW OFFICE, CINCINNATI.
BIKNKV A SlilfcLUh, Attorneys at l.aw, eorner of Main
ami Court streets, Cincinnati
JAM PS BIKNKY, Notary Public ami Commissioner ts
take ackuuwledgiuentsof deeds and depositions for the Mutes
of Maine, Vermont,Connecticut, Michigan, New Hampshire,
Missouri. Illinois,Tennessee. New York ami Arkansas
Jan. it
NOTICE.
CIOKKKSPON I'K NTS Hint ottuTH ilr^ring to nou n.m iS
cafe with the uiiilrrxiKiiril will plrane tljrert tht-ir letters
ami iMprr* to Fulton, Oswego county, New V< rk, w> pmscut
(Mint office Address. J. K AKIt I NtiTON.
Nov. W.
OK EAT IYIPKOV IMK.VI IN l'LANI.\0,T0N0VI>
l\(i ANII UKOUU.Mt LCMBtft.
Josiji/i P. Wootll?in/s Piitnit Phuitii f Machmf
rpHK subscriber, havingr received lettcrr patentfor m staX
tp-nary nutter, pliiiiugjtongneing R ml grooving machine,
now oilers for sale machines, ri?I rights to use the fanu
Thin machine will plane six thousand tni-t of Iwinrds to sry
iinilorm thickneRR, in one hour, producing ? bettei f'.iiisl. ci
surface than it is posnit In to plant' by any other means now
known. n.?t excepting the hand p'vr. and i? peculiarly adapt
tot to plane and joint clapboards, or weather lioanling, and
will do the Work faster au<l better than any in*' hh e heretofore
invented Thin machine is m arranged that If plane*
the hoard with an unbroken shaving the whole width and
length of the material, and toe* not take more than twothird*
of the power that in required to da an equal amount of
work by the rotary ruttiug cylinder, now in eruiwon u*r
The construction atnl organization of this marhiiie is dlflirent
from any other now in use Communication* for furtl.i r
particular* cheerfully responded to, l>y addressing the subscriber,
(poet-paid,) Boston Mass.
One of the above planing niaehines may be seen in operation
by calling on the patentee.
JOsKPH P WOODBURY,
May 3.? ly Border street, f ast lloston, Mans
{yy The above Planing M ,chine has been thoroughly
tested, bv planing over |,U?M??( fnt of iniolier and ha*
planed 3.1 Ol feet in seventeen minutes, and is adapted t J
stick any description of mouldings with great rapidity.
The subscribers, having purchased the territory annexed
to their names, are now ready to otter for sale the machine,
and the right to use the same, in the territory purchased by
thein.
A machine may be seen in ojwration Soon at Buffalo, New
York,and at the Maniug Millol liuncan Maugey, Louisvilla,
Kentucky.
Com ui utile at ions for fnrt her particulars cheerful lyreepou Jed
to, by addressing either of the subscribers, post paid, Oswego,
New York. sTAA'I'S A. STKWAKT,
for the State of New York.
STKWAKT A. TfMPl.K.
f or the States of Ohio. Michigan. Indiana,and Missouri.
STKWAKT & ALI.KN,
for the St te* of Wisconsin and Illinois
I.I H KK l'\ A I.M A > At H?K Is-'dl,
PIIBI.ISHKII by the American and f oreign Anti-Slavery
I Society,and for sale at their Depository in New York,
at the following prices :
for one thousand copies tSU-OH
for one hundred copies 2-""
f or one dosen copies For
a single copy - 6
The Almanac has been compiled by the Corresponding
Secretary of the S-?-iety, and Includes twenty-tbree pages of
valuable origiual matter bv William Ooodell. Tfie price by
the thousand is put at a trifle above tbe actual Cost, in tha
expectation of milling large edltiona, and of Adjuring till
active oo u |M-rut ion of Anti-^Utery frimda throughout the
country, who, it in hoped, will gite to thia important annual
* wide Htol thorough circulation. The ?iv in the haioc aa the
Almanac for I"tV, 1 la: pagra.
llrder* for Almanac* |.y thr hundred or thoi.annd will 1*
promptly executed. And aboitld Atate. definitely, hy what
mailt ofronrry 1 nre they can lie acnt The poring on rrtry
Almanac. art// hy mail will he two and a half rente, without
reference to the .juantily
Order* ehould invariably he accompanied hy the c*?h.
Any en in under one dollar may lie rent In portage ?teBi|>e
W11.I.I A.M HAUN hi', Agent,
Sept 3fl?tf No, 61 John itrret, New York.
1IRK. NI WiEY,
MKDU.'AL Practitioner* and Niirgeona. north aidrof 7<h
trett, two doori eaet of Vine atreet, ('tnctnnnti. Ohio.
K. 1> MllhSKY, M l?.
Ian ?. W H MIJSSKY. M l?
MONEY! MONEY!! MONEY !!!
WH JAKVIS, Attorney at l.aw. Colnmhiia, Ohio will
give particular attention to the cullection. In tlhio,
Michigan, Indiana, llllnole, Mlarouil, Kentucky, Iowa, aid
Wlun.nain. of that c'aaa of clalma hue rli.ee marked ?
" Una," "(lone Went," and "Not Collectable," hy merchaiita,
newapapor puhlleltera, manufacto*ere and ..there
five yea re' aiperience haa given him confldence; heuce
there will be no charge, hut ?< ar a? oolleethme art p a ir,
except poo tape I arda, at*'"* referencea, lerma, and inatrncti'
na, will ho aont iu auaerr to po>< yW lettera.
I too Eh
MEDICAL CARD.
HAKVKY I.INItSl.Y, M D..C atreet, next to the comer
of Pour-and-m-half atreet. Waabingtoit. May tt
JOHN W. NORTH.
ATTOKNKY and (.'ownedlor at l-aw, and ti-iieral l-and
A pent, h'aila of tat. Anthony , MinntSjla Territory
tan II -y ^
OOMMMUON RTOR E. I
WM GUNNISON, Onrral Commit turn K?ckant, 101 I
Hoiriy i Wkarf, BuUimofi, >f. Uee.a.-lj I