The national era. [volume], February 28, 1850, Page 36, Image 4

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36
THE NATIONAL ERA.
CALIFORNIA AND NEW MEXICO.
SPEECH OF MR. JOSEPH M. ROOT, OF OHIO.
IN THE HOt'SK OK KhPKESEN TAT1VKS,
Friday, Ffbkiaky 15, 1850,
In Committee of the Whole on the state of the Union,
on the Resolution referring the Presulent,s Message
to the appropriate Standing Committees.
Mr. Root addressed the Committee as follows :
Mr. Chairman In the remarks which I shall
submit to the committee I do not intend to wander
far from that portion of the President's annual
mess ge which relates to the Territories recently
acq tired from Mexico. 1 shall first notice bis
reoomoien Iation respecting California; and I beg
leave here to say, that perhaps under other circumstances
I should feed disposed to criticise some
of the proceedings which led to the formation of
a constitution for California and her application to
be admitted into the Union an a State. I might
think that a better boundary might be prescribed
for her on the east. Yet as things now stand 1
am perfectly willing, re.idy, and desirous to have
her recognised as a State with her boundaries as
they are. I go further, and eay that I wish her
eastern boundary were the Nueces instead of the
one she has prescribed for herself. Sir, with all
that territory, California would not be much 1 <rger
th*n Tens?certainly not larger than Texas
would be if she could get all she claims; and
it would enable us, if she were admitted a S'afe
of that ?ii8, to make some of thoee fair compromises
of which we have heard so much of late. We
could then c irvc out of California a free State to
go along with any slave State that might be
carved out of Texas. But that is out of the question
now; and I only repeat what I have said
before, that iu the present state of things I am
glad that California has aamuch tasritovy -within
her boundary, and I shall go for reoognising her
as a State, admitting her into tfoe Union, and ratifying
all that she has done in the premises, notwithstanding
any irregularities that may have attended
those transactions.
So far I am ready, Mr. Chairman, to second the
President's recommendation. But he has gone
further, and has given us advice with respect to
the residue of the territory acquired from Mexico.
He does not tell us what he desires us to do, but
tells us he desires us to do nothing ; that we should
let New Mexico aud the rest of that territory
alone?have nothing to do with it. Again, with
respect to the boundary of Texas, he desires us
to let that alone, too. He warns the legislative
authority not to interfere with that matter.
Here, sir, I cannot follow his advice here 1
must be permitted to ques'iou the wisdom of his
recommendations. 1 urn for doing som< thing. 1
believe that Congress has a duty to do, and I am
for having it done by Conyr.ss. And J would like
to have that done which 1 believe best, not only
for that teiriiory, but best for the whole country;
MV&i believe th it, so far as the ?yx*?t%n of action
or non-action is concerned, a large majority, both
in this House and in the other branch of Congress.
are rti favor fc . Certain 1'iim that it>e^
alone policy?tho ' masterly inactivity" policy*?
cannot find many frieuds among the people. To
be sure, there may be very wide differences of
opinion among gentlemen. Some may desire that
one i hing, some another, and some that still another
thing should be done; bull believe that
there is a mijority of this House who are in favor
of having something dene. Most gentlemen seem
to think t hot notion, and prompt action, is required
at our hsnds; and 1 tnay be permitted. 1 trust, to
express my surprise at the wonderful change that
has been going en in the mind, not only of the
President, but of a good many of his Northern
friends, since the close of the last session of Congress.
1 need not tell you how urgent the friends
of the President were then to have some sort of a
government provided for California. I do not, of
my own knowledge, say th.it the President was
urgen'. i l.i ir nc.rn nun niy a ivoru on mu
nuhj et; but it w is said bo wu; unci a paper in
this city, prof-sting to he advised of his opinions,
and to speak for him, said be was very anxious
indtvliliit Congress should proviilo some government
for California. Why, bis conversations
were published in many newspapers?whether
correc I or not I don't kuow ; liut it was asserted,
and so fur as I know not contradicted, that bo
urged personally upon members of Congress, "For
God's a ike to provide sow. government for California
be-ide the government of the bowie-knife
and the only dispute about what his views and
wishes were, was as to the kind of government
which ho desired. Some gentlemen insisted that
he favored the proposition which originated in
the Senate, and whs stuck on the civil and diplomatic
appropriation bill?known as the Walker
amendment: others said he was perfectly indifferent
as to what kind of government it. w??, so (hat
some government was provided. Well Congress
did not provide any government. You kuow why,
Mr. Chairman, as well as 1 do?any member of
*the last Congress, who was present at the close of
the last session, must have understood perfeotly
well why a government was not provided for Califirnia.
It was not the fault of the House The
House, in season, passed a bill providing a territorial
government for California; they sent it to
the Senate in time for that body to have acted
upon it, if they Lad been disposed to do so ; but
that august body did nothing with it; they laid
it away, and it was never heard of again. The
next we heard from them on the subject was a
money hill?the civil and diplomatic appropriation
bill?with the Wadier amendment aMached
to it. 1 think it wasjfretfy^tenerally believed at
the time by the friends of the present Administration,
aud perhaps by others, that that amendment
was to bioomc a law i cannot speak authoritatively,
but I know we had a very decided expression
of ooinion from centlemen. then and now
members of this House, that it would pass. The
men who were to pass it were, it was said, all
counted ami booked ; and if the screws only stuck,
we w re told it would go through. Wo had Home
exceedingly tight screws, and then again a good
many loose one#. The latter gave the former a
good deal of trouble and vcxution of spirit. All
who were here at the 1 ist session must remember
that last memorable night?Saturday night and
Sunday morning We remember what efforts
were made to pass that Walker amendment, and
we remember how it was defeated. It n> or was
relinquished until it became a " fixed fact," that,
if insisted upon to the hitter end, the whole civil
and diplomatic appropriation bill must be lost.
Ay, I know the fnct now, and I knew it then, that
there were a sufficient number of men bound to that
purpose; and ihey would have carried it out if
God had spared their livea and strength. Yes,
sir?I was one of thein Never, never should the
Walker amendment go through the House, if we
by any legitimate proceedings could prevent it.
We are told that Southern gentlemen have that
example in view.
A voice. Yes, and we intend to profit by it.
Use it spariugly, gentlemen. We had only
thirty-six hours to fight against. I believe if we
had had thirty-seven some of our men would have
given out. and they were precisely those who
were fiercest at first. If you begin six months
beforehand you will g< t out of breath, I think.
Don't jump too quick, nor take too long a start.
Take it coolly, as we did, and then?good luck
to yoti.
Let me inquire ngiin why it is thnt the Administration.
which was no longer ?go than
March last so anxious to provide acme kind ef a
Government beside a " bowie-knife government''
for California, which then had a population, I
believe, not extending *0,000. should now, when
we come to consider of a lerritory containing a
populu'hm of at least iUOOOO think a "bowieknife
government" is just the right sort of government
for them ? If they wanted a law enacted for
California last session, why not have a law enacted
lor New Mexico now ! If a bowie-knife govv
riiiuent would not answer for California then,
with a ptDulsti 'O t.ruO.OOO, why is a bowie-knife
government good enough for New Mexico now.
with h population of 100000? "Oh! there is a
lit ! alarm among them about Indiins; hut then
th'To in a Niillu icut military force to protect them."
I <?I ' ill the dinger? What say the people, or
rut h r wh it mys their Con vent ion, of their wants,
wi hen, no I condition? IftherewM evorapeoplo belonging
to the United States that needed Ihw, a
clear 1 .a a 1 iw that can he easily understood and
pr?m| tly and imp iriially executi-d, it is the population
of N< w Mexico. Why, it is us iucougruous
a popul itlon as it is possible to tiiul on the
continent A great nnny of them have hut a
very small dash of white hlood, others have n
pretty considerable d inh of the African. No matter
what their blood or race is, no matter how or
of what that population is made up, they are all
our fellow-eitirons uow?madesohy the treaty; and
it is too late now to regret the possibility that
some of them may he bitting alongside of us here
before a great while. That you should have
thought of before, whilst you where carrying on
a war for the acquisition of territory
Mr. Jones here interposed and put some question
to Mr. R.
Mr. Hoot. I csnnnt ullow the gentleman tc
interrupt me?with all respect. If there is anything
unsound in my argument, the gentleman can
get the floor and answer it hereafter.
I insist, Mr. Chairman, that we should go forward
and provide some sort of a (Jovernniwn, foi
.Now Mexico. as well as admit California into the
Union as a State. I iuslst that it is our duty
that it is due to those people; that it is due to tht
people of the Htates. Why, bew long is it since
we hud e greet clamor raised here about Minnesota'
Everything was going to wretflt and ruin
because Minnesota had no Government?Minne
i*U with leas than ten thousand inhabitants then
I
TH
and with but little prospect of a very rapid increase,
for it is in the hyperborean region. At
this season of I he year, traveling is done there on
snow shoes It is a good lumber country, a fine
country in many respects, and it will he peopled
when our Northern people hare nowhert else to
go( and sflrne may prefer perhaps to go there when
they could go elsewhere. Rut there w.ia a great
necessity, it was said, for a Territorial Government
there! and my colleague |Mr. Schenck]
really incurred a good deal of censure at the time,
because he insisted that we should he careful
what kind of a Government we provided for those
people, and that time should be allowed to examine
and perfect the bill. The case was so urgent,
it wns said, that the bill must bo passed at once.
I am unwilling to leave the people of New
Mexico, Deseret, &e, without law, or without officers
duly authorized to administer the law. I ain
unwilling to allow executive discretion as wide
scope there as it has had in California; and I am
still more unwilling to allow the military Government
thai seems to be tho only one that the
United States has provided for those people, to
continue longer. Such things were bad enough
in time of war?they are intolerable in time of
peace.
Indeed, sir, so obviously proper is it that Congress
should provide a Territorial Government
for those people, that some of the wisest of the
friends of the Administration in Congress have,
in the face of the recommendations of the Executive,
expressed a determination to bring in a bill,
or bills, for that purpose ; and I only regret that
they do not propose to have their bills contaiu a
prohibition of slavery in all the territory, but the
bills might be amended by iusertingsuch a prohibition,
if there were even in this House a majority
in favor of it. I am for doing that. 1 believe
it to be not only the right but the duty of Congress
to insert such a prohibition. 1 believe we
have the authority to do it, aud that a majority of
the people of the United States desire that it
should he done; that it would be bet'er for the
loe UUIICU OtftU'S, DClier lur luc VI igc
Territory, better in every respect that it should
be clone. I will not enter into nu argument here,
about the effect of the law of Mexico, the law of
the country as it existed when we aoquirel it.
Suppose, sir?and I will not dispute the fact?
that the law in and of itself prohibits slavery , we
know that a large and respectable portion of the
people and of the people's representatives insist
that it does not exclude slavery. They claim
that the people of the slaveholding States have
the right to go there with their slaves, and hold
them as they could at home in their own States.
While men of wisdom, patriotism, and determination,
hold that this is the fact, that this is the
clear law of that land, that this is their undoubted
right, nud whilst they declare that they will ex-'
ercise that right, are we to he told that it is unnecessary
and inexpedient to settle this vexed
question/ I lowev? r clear my own opinion may
be, since a respectable portion of my fellowcitizens
enti rtnin a differeut opinion, I will go for
settling the dispute, for quieting the controversy,
for putting this bone of contention out of the way
forever. * >
Well, sir, what are the objections to the enactment
of this prohibition against slavery in those
i Ter/ito^iel now fr> e T "Why should it not'tie''
! done ? If a majority of the people desire it, if a
| ninjarity of their Representatives and .Senators
w ill vote for it, why should it not be done? let me
ask. " Ob. because it is a disturbing question?
because it will disturb the harmony of the country
!" I strongly suspect that this argument is
i based rather the fear that it will disturb the !
harmony of party?that it is a good deal more on
account of its disturbing the harmony of party
j than the harmony of the country. Again: it is
said that it would h? "aggression" upon the
j slavehohiiug States; and we are warned, solemn;
j ly warned, and exhorted?gentlemen say thev do
not intend to menace us?but to warn us to cease
! 0,lr aggressions?the South will never submit to
thern! Are not gentlemen mistaken as to the
fict of there ever having been any aggressions
upon them? Why, who h is been gaining most
relatively since the Constitution was adopted?
What kind of results have followed these longcontinued
aggressions on the South hy the North >
What was the state of things at the adoption of
the Constitution? There were thirteen Stats.
To be sure, slavery in some form still existed in a
; majority of them; yet there were not to exceed
five that did not at that time ooutemplate an
almost immediate abolition of slavery within their
respective bonier* And sir. there were not to
exceed three whose delegates in the convention
did not express the hope that the day was not far
I distunt when it would cease to exist entirely. I
do not say that they were unanimous in this expression.
There were men from Virginia aud
from North Carolina, who expressed the wish
and the hope that slavery should be abolished in
' those Slates.
Mr. Ashe interposed, and wished Mr. Root to
1 mention the name of any man from North Caroli- j
I na who, in the convention, expressed the hope
that slavery would be abolished in North Carolina
Mr. Root. It w isn't the gentleman, nor any of
his ancestors. |A laugh | 1 think I um correct
in the statement I have made; hut if there were
even four States whose delegates did n?t express
the hope that slavery would be abolished in their
States, there was a majority of nnti-davery States.
There were all the New Kngland States, New
York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, anti-s!avery
States. To be sure, New Y,ork. New Jersey, and
Pennsylvania, had slaves, but they were all looking
forward to the time when they would get rid
of slavery. It was an anti-slavery convention ;
there was a majority of anti-slavery States represented
in it. And what did the first Congress
that assembled under the Constitution do ? The
Representatives from all the States, acting together,
provided for organizing a Territorial Government
for the only Territory we then hud, the
Northwest, Territory, for excluding slavery therefrom,
and for creating five additional States, to be
formed out of that Territory, and every one of
them was to be a free State. So that the antislnvery
States at that time outnumbered the slave
States; and it must have seemed probable, if not
certain, that the disproportion would shortly become
still greater. Certainly, the " balance of
power" was not deemed essential to the sifety or
welfare of the slave States then That is a new
idea. At that time tacy could not and they did
not contemplate that there wis ever to he an
equal number of slave States to free States iu the
Union. Rut the acquisition of Louisiana, anil
Florida, and Texas, since?events which could
not then have been foreseen ? gave tho slave
States great advantages over the freo States ; till
now, after "sixty years of aggression by the
North upon the South," there are just as many
slave States as free States in the Union, and gentlemen
tell us that it would be an unheard-of outraee
for a free State to be admitted into the
Union without, at the same time, admitting a
slave State.
I may add, that the fratners of our Constitution
seem never to have contemplated tho acquisition
of territory from other nations. If they did,
they u ade no express provision for its disposition
and management. Doubtless they had a distinct
idea of what kind of authority might he exercised
under the war-making aud treaty-making
power, But nil the provision* ot ihe t onmitutiou
relative to territory seem to refer to the territory
which the United Slates then possessed ;
but it liy no means follows that Congress lois not
authority to make laws for and to govern the territory
we have acquired sinoo. Under the treaty-making
power wo hose both nr(|iiired and ceded
aw *y territory, and yet it is claimed that the lawmaking
power of the United States may not govern
such territory. Sir, it always has done it.
Southern Representatives and Senators and Presidents
have assisted in doing it, and it is now too
late to urge that they have ucttd without au
thority.
Indeed, the power to prohibit slavery in territory
belonging to the United States has been exercised
by Congress again and again, and just ns
often conceded hy Southern statesmen; bat if it
were not so, we might well say to those gentlemen
who deny the power?show us the power to acquire
and to cede away territory, and we will
show you the power to govern it
There is no doubt, then, Mr. Chairman, as to
the power, the right, of Congress to legislate over
this subject?to make such a prohibition. There
ore some of the non-action, non-intervention gentlemen,
who entertain notions that I w ill not undertake
todescrifce?for I neveroould understand
them. Rut I believe that a large majority of the
People and of the Representatives agree upon
this: that Congress has the exclusive right to
legislate for the Territories. There is a difference
ns to the extent of that right, but there js
uo difference in the mind* of a vast majority, both
of the People and their Representatives, that
Congress has the exclusive right, that there is
no other authority to legislate over the Territo
ries than that which is exercised by, or derived
from, Congress. And how is the power of Coni
grests over this subject limited I Hy the rights of
the States. And what arc the rights of the States
is such in the Territories/ Not to carry th*ir
i i lam th'rf and have theiu enforced, cert.uiuly, hut
to have laws for the Territories made hy Coni
5 press, iu which the States are all represented.
One State has no more right to control the Tsrri
lories than unother, nor have all the States any
right to control them. It is Congress, and Coui
gross alone, that has nny and all authority over
j them, and it would L? impracticable for any
) authority to be exercised over them except by
) Congress A pretty business the thirty different
. States would make of it if they were all to legis,
late separately for the Territories, according
to thoir various views of expediency and pro,
priety ; und a pretty code it would bo if all the
E NATIONAL ERA,1
laws of all the States were put in foroe there.
An<l jet, if one State might make laws for the |
Territories all might, an<l all would be equally
; binding
It sounds queer to hear gentlemen, in the same
breath th:it they tell u? Congress has no right to
prohibit slavery in the Territories,offer us a compromise?how?
Why, by Congress prohibiting
slavery north of a certain line, and saying nothing
about it south. Is it constitutional. then, for Congress
to prohibit slavery north of 3G? 30, or of '
some other line which may be agreed upon by the !
parties, hut unconstitutional to prohibit it south
of that line ? Why, after you tell us it is uncon- I
stitutionsl for Congress to prohibit it at all in
| any of the Territories, what kind of a compromise ;
do you offer us when you ngree thit it shall be :
prohibited in a portion of them / Whit does an 1
unconstitutional prohibition amount to? What J
| do we get by such a compromise ? Why, merely i
a prohibition which is good fur nothing We could j
' not make such bargains?however much in a bar- '
gaining mood we might.be. I do not know what J
others may do?I am not a compromising man. I
cannot compromise upon a constitutional que*tiou?I
cannot compromise upon a question of!
| human freedom?and. so help me God, I will not. j
I tell you I belong to that reviled political sect,
j the Free-Soilers. I go against any slave territory,
any more slave States. You shall have no difficulty
in making up an issue with me. Perhaps
it is vaunting too much to say so ; but I trust you
will have no difficulty in getting me to a' trial?
brio it thisc ?UTe-to a hearing as soon as vou please?
o S,
Go I and the country decide between us. I believe
that delay is the c?use of more trouble than any- i
thing else. Why, this question- ought to have |
beeu settled 1 ng ago. I tell you, if you settle it j
by the legislative power of this Government against |
my views of right, 1 will submit. I believe 1 may
8iy the same for the mass of the people of the j
North. Hut if it is settled against you?if sla- i
very be prohibited in these Territories, we are j
told you will not submit: no, you will never sub- j
niit. You wont submit to dtgradation You roll
up your eyes in astonishment at the mere introduction
of such a proposition into this House.
Hive you really, sir, been taken by surprise?
Did you never hear of such a thing before, or did
you think Northern men were not in earnest
when they told you that tbey should endeavor
te exclude slavery from all territory to be acquired
from Mexico? 1 confess they have given you but
too good reason to think so.
You, Mr. Chairtnin, are a Southern man. and a
friend of the late Administration. You were a
member of the 29th and 30th Congresses, an 1 an
ardent supporter of the Mexican war. Let me
ask you, sir, what was that war begun and prosecuted
for ? Was it not for territory ? and was it
not obvious from the beginning that it would only
result in the acquisition of territory? and was it
j not just as obvious that when the territory should
! be acquired, the strife that we now have must
come? Were you not warned, over and over
again, that the attempt wouid be made to exclude
slaverv ftom it. and that it woul 1 be i>ersisted in
to the end ? Yes; but you nnl your frieuds I
-swrred nt the warning Yes rssS *
ed to be able to appropriate the whole or the
greater part of it to slavery. Had you beli'ved |
"taut you would not be able to do that, the war j
would have ceased; indeed, it n'*ver would have I
beeu begun. A Southern President and Southern
members of Congress will never go to war to conquer/re*
territory Did not your l ite candidate
for President writing to a friend in time of the
war, say that the Wiimot Proviso would be death
| to the war and deuth to the Democratic party ?
Aye, and he never said a truer word.
Mexico is weak und distracted. Her condition
invites aggression. Her mines and her v tlleys
uow and ever will hold out nluiost irresistible
temptations to our Southern brethern to provoke
war with her, which must alwiys result in the (
conquest of her territory; aud the sympathy of 1
her people with the African race will always af- <
ford means of provoking war. Only one thing '
can prevent such w us. and that is t.(Convince the '
Southern people that the territory, if conquered, *
must ever remain free. That will do it, sir. Let 1
the people of the slave States be assured that '
whatever territory may hereafter be conqucre 1 of '
Mexico will be free, and they will keep the peace 1
towards that country without bonds.
Now, it is quite obvious that if the Territories '
or States bordering on Mexico should be slave
soil, then the adjoining Mexican territory, when
acquired, would become blavc soil; and that if, ou
the contrary, our border should be free soil, any !
future acquisitions of Mexican territory must also
be free sod. And it is only when we view the *
question in this light that we can see all its importance.
Ily prohibiting slavery in the territory
already acquired from Mexico, we exclude it for- J
ever from the territory yet leu to Mexico, ana,
what would be no less desirable, we should pre- 1
vent future wars of conquest being waged by this '
country against that and which coul 1 not tail to '
provoke the wrath of a just God against us. It
it for these reasons that I say it is our duty to
prohibit slavery tn the Territories; and 1 wish
that this House, at least, would always stand firm
upon this ground. 1 once thought it always
would?that it would never abandouthis posilion.
And permit me to tell you that so long as this
Monse shall stand firm for free soil, no mailer
what the Senate may do, no matter what the
President does, the cause of freedom will be s?fe.
Just let it be undsrstood by the people of the
Territories that they can never come into this
Union as a State?that the House will stand in
their way and keep them out as long as slavery
is tolerated in their constitution, and, sir, we
shall have uostjvery constitutions presented here.
That is what put freedom into the California constitution.
That, if anything, will put freedom
into the Ntw Mexico constitution, if you only
make them understand that they cannot get into
this Union with a constitution tolerating slavery.
If this House will only do its duty, and stand
firm upon this ground, if the majority will obey
the will of their constituents, slavery never will be
extended.
No thanks to the President, or his Secretary, or
his special agent, for the prohibition of slavery in
the oons'itution of California. 1 believe, and think
I have good reason to believe, that they would
U t Vi U f 1 \\ O O illtflitllfioil SillfHlll
I rail 1JU.V r. ? -
i have been silent on the subject; but the disposi;
tion that this House had manifested deterred
Southern men from taking their stnvcs there,
whilst the newly-discovered gold mines drew
hardy adventurers from every part of the free
States, and thus a large majority of the people
there w. re for free soil, and the politicians made
their acts conform to the will of the people.
The ca?e is different with New Mexioo. It is
easier of acct as to the Southern th in the Northern
people, and hence more of the former than the latter
will go there. No rich mines of either gold or
silver have as yet been discovered there, to attract
an extraordinary number of free laborers from
the North to the country ; and unless sl avery be
prohibited there, the attempt will he umde to introduce
it, and probably successfully made.
Rut, sir, within a very short time the ground
which this House did at first occupy, the ground
which the last House occupied, has been surrondered
and given up, and now we are told by our
Southern friends that the VVilinot Proviso is dead,
that your anti-slavery cause has been abandoned
by the House, and that its real friends arc the
derision of the msjority. It must be exceedingly
gratifying to those Representatives of free Northern
constituencies who voted down the Wilmot
Proviso the other dey, to he told to their faces that
the Wilmot Proviso is dead ; that it has been murdered
in the house of its friends ; that its own profe^sed
advocates and supporters have trampled it
under their feet. That is the way it was killed,
if killed it has been. Rut don't take that ss a settled
ipiestion. So far as this House can kill it, it has,
1 confess, been killed ; hut I tell you it is a living,
abiding principle in the hoirtsof the people of the
free States. And it may turn out, after all, that,
instead of killing th" Wilmot Proviso, those patriotic
gentlemen hare only been committing
suicide. There are not ten men iu this Hill
coming from free Ntati s that could have got here
1m l it been understood by their constituents that
they w, re opj scd loathe Wilmot Proviso. There
are not two Whii^rfrom free States who could
| have g.'t here hjm th y till their constituents
before they wen^elected that they would do as
some fifteen h/ve d tie since. Rut there has
been a gfayrh "rige going on in the public tnind ;
a nurvello^light has be n let in upon the minds
.,r ./?!. /eBl1?mi>n Wh* when this nocstion
first ihis eeaeion, ut.on th? motion of the gen11
em ay from Georgia |Mr Stephens] to lay tho
reaoUftinn upon the table. that motion tru loatby
soto* eighteen or twenty mmjorify. In thrceor four
wfrkitbennir motion w:is made, and woe carried
l?y '2(5 mijirity That is very fast for even the arguments
ff power nn I patronage to work upon
minds open ta? eewvUtW, Ye*. we get a roue
sage froin the President?no Ktecutivo interference,
of oonrse ? but we get a message recommending
non-intervention ; 07 is it non-action .' ? I
am not sufficiently achoolad in the court dialect to
detect the difference--aud thus it ia understood
what kind of action hero will be acceptable at the
| other end of the Avenue; and that ia enough for
certain gentlemen. It gave them their cue; it
taught them the way to pay court to the powers
that be?to make themaelves acceptable to the
great Taylor Republican Chief and Cabinet?and
down went the Proviso. And yet some of these
, very gentlemen at home, a very short time since,
! were finding fault with Kree-Soilera for not going
fir enough on this question of Free Soil, i could j
not keep up with thrin in Ohio when I refused to
support such a Free-Soil candidate as Gen. Taylor.
Theydouhted my sincerity. It was apparent to
all, that ned it been believed in the South that he
was for the Proviso, he could not have got a
Southern electoral vote. I think there ia no doubt
WASHINGTON, D. C
about that. And had It bfcn known in the North
that he waa against it, and would use hie influence
against it?that he would send euch messages to
Congress as he has went since the commencement
of this session, he could hare got bat a precious
few there. The "inJomitableauti-slavery Whigs''
of New York and Pennsylvania might have done
something for him. Rut out of those two States he
would not have gone fir It was evident that either
the North or South was to be deceived?the Wil- !
mot Proviso men or the Pro-Slavery men. U was
a pretty even chance, some thought; but, I confess,
I deemed the sugar plantation, with three
hundred slaves, would be a littU ilust on one side
of the balance. But it was nothing more than a !
game, at the best I neither wanted to cheat nor j
to be cheated ; and hence I took no part in It. I 1
stood ont. And now we find how the thing works :
We are to have nothing done. An 1 here, gentlemen,
the friends of this Adruiuiiiration, who j
boasted of their devotion to Free-Soil principles
before their constituents, who are in favor of do- I
ing nothing now. vote to lay on the tubl? the Wil- j
mot Proviso. Not all of them do that. There
are among them many who lid nut vote at all,
though they are here or hereabouts. It is bad
enough for gentlemen representing constituencies
in favor of the Proviso to vote against it, but it is
worse?at least I regard it as worse?for such to
refuse to vote on the question. Better, sir, vote
wrong than dodge. What a scattering there was i
here when the yeas and nays had been ordered
on the motion to lay my resolution on the table. |
Some gentlemen bad not even time to take their
hats out with them. What a number of friends
we Hail calliog on us at that moment. v\ oat a
sickly season that wis. and whit a spectacle the
whole thing present*]. Gentlemen, each representing
at least 70,000 free people, and authorized
to speak and act for them, neitherspoke nor acted
at all. They, sir, are the true non-actfnists. They
carry out the view#of the Executive in spirit and
in troth.
It is not long, sir, since my friend and colleague
[Mr. Gchenckj made an eloquent speech here, in
which he handled us Free-Soilers pretty roughly,
because, aa he said, we had refused to vote for a
decided and consistent friend of the Proviso, and
hail thereby contributed to the election of a slaveholding
Speaker. It is true that we might h ive
voted for my friend's candidate, and possibly,
with our votes, he might have been elected; but
what kind of a Speaker should we have got if he
had been ? Why, one of these non-actionists. A
friend of the Proviso, sir ? Yes, a friend
" Willing to wwntel, and r*t afraid to strike "
the Proviso. Betw*en such a friend aid an enemy,
I think there tv is not much to choose, though,
as a general rule, I would prefer nu open enemy
to a skulking friend.
The friends of the Administration by this celebrated
" plurality rule," sought to make the FveeSoilers
choose between their candidate and the
preseut Speaker. They sought to drive us on to
their favorite ground?'la choice of evils"?but
we would choose neither, sir. They were caught
in their own trap, and were constrained to vote to
Mm*. election of the very nv>? they hud
profttmdly tried to defeat. It was very natural
that they should feel vexed, still they ought not
the result of their bad intttrtyernent
over to the Free-Soilers; but they nre welcome
to all they csn make out of it. If we had
even lacked a good reason for our course at the
lime, their candidate his been so obliging as to
furnish us with one since. I would suggest to my
friend, that when he publishes a second edition of
his speech, he should add a note informing his
readers that the Wilmot Proviso candidate, for
whom the Free-Boilers would not vote, would not
himself vole for the Proviso afterwards. .No, sir,
he was not in his seat, nor is he now.
There is another possible motive for the coniuot
of the non-actionists. which has .just occurred
to my mind, and as I am willing to ascribe
the best motive that the case will admit of, I will
itatc it. It may be that these gentlemen had been
forewarned that the Pfoviso was about to he done
lo death, and that as their tender sensibilities
would not permit them to witness the execution,
hey i ist stepped out until it was over. If gen
loinea can think of anything better than this, i '
ivish they would suggest it.
What reason, Mr. Chairman, will Northern
gentlemen, who profess to he opposeil to the ex- j
ension of slavery, and who yet voted ugunsflptic ,
i'roviso or refused to vote at all. give for their nc- j
lion or their non-action? Thus far they have been
is dumb as a fish; but some of the newspapers |
iave reasons as thick as blackberries for both sorts j
>f gentlemen.
First, they say the resolution was premature.
Was it any more premature the other day than it
vas a month before? Why did not they vote to
ay it on the table when it was first offered ? Is it
tny more premature now than it was at the 1 ist
tension of Congress I and yet at that session a >
litnilar rosnlnt.lan v gassc-! by the House, and
it called forth two hills?one for California and
the other for New Mexico. Was a bill any more
nccesssnry for New Mexico then than now? It is
a little singular to find those gentlemen following
in the footsteps of General Cass so closely in all
respects. He, you may remember, was vociferous
for the Proviso in August, 18 t'i, at the close of
the first ses-ion of the twenty-ninth Congress,
when he regretted exceedingly that Governor D tvis
defeated it by his ill-timed speech, as he called
it. At the next session it was premature, and at the
next it wis unconstitutional. When will these
gentlemen arrive at that point also? Shortly, sir,
if they keep the course they have started upon
Next they say it is unnecessary. Unnecessary !
Why was uot this found out in 1 S IS ? That was
one of Gen-rat Cass's excuses then, and nobody
denounced him for it more than these s tniegentlemen.
1 have already stated iny views on this
point. If gentlemen have any other reasons to
give, they ntay give them themselves. I have
mentioned their two best?no, not theirs, for 'hey
borrowed them both, or rather picked them up
after the owner had thrown them away.
The Democratic Representatives from free
States, who still adhere to tho Cass doctrine o'
"non-intervention.1' would of course votengiinst
the Proviso. Nothing else was expected of them;
but there are some who have professed to be in
favor of the Proviso, a; d yet voted against it the
other day, and others who didn't vote nt all.
Have they returned to their first love? Didn't
they get enough of non-intervention at the last Presidential
election, or do they still hope to make
another trial with the same or a similar Ctndiilntu
? IVri thpp Htill hone to conciliate the Sunt h
poor men ?
I rejoice, Mr. Chairman to be able to say that
there are many (I wish there were more) representatives
from the free States, in this House, of
both the groat political parties, who not only talk
in favor of Free Soil at home, hut vote in favor of
it here ? gentlemen who can neither he prev tiled
upon by threats on the one hand, nor cajoleries
on the other, to swerve from their principles or
their duty; and however much I may differ with
them on other questions, whilst this great question
of the extension or non-extension of slavery
remains open ami unsettled, anil whilst I hold a
scat in'this Hall, it will he honor enough for me
to bear my humble part with them in our common
effort to restrict slavery, at least to its present
limits. If my voice could roach their constituencies,
I would say to every true Free-Noiler
among them?look to it that your representatives
be well sustained at home.
Now, gentlemen talk about what will happen if
the North shall continue its "aggressions/' This
is a purely speculative question ; for I suppose, ns
fir as this Congress is concerned, there is to he
no further aggression. No; this uggre-nive policy
is stopped ; it has ceased. But I have said?and
gentlemen must pardon me if I still siy and be.
lievo it, too?that there is but one tiling more ah
surd thin this talk about the dissolution of the
Union ; and that is, the alarm which some gentlemen
feel about it. Dissolve the Union ! It is a
mere speculative question, because the North will
not go on aggressing. No! so many Northern
Representatives have already haeke 1 out of the
Proviso. And, judging from what has been the
effect of these "solemn warnings" upon them, we
can come at least to a guess as to what they will
do in future. A stranger coming in here fresh
from the people might get some queer notions
concerning the object and policy of the red-hot
speeches that we sometimes heir from our Southern
friends. But, Mr. Chairmin, nothing tells
like them upon this House?nothing. ??ir I don't
question the sincerity of gentlemen, at all. But
if i coul.1 (location it. 1 should still be obliged to
admit that the thing *ti well done?that it wan
politic nt le?st?for it works like a charm. Th
"solemn warnings" knocked the frye soil out of
some of the He present at ires from the free States,
us the tlax dresser whips out shires
This work of dissolving the Union would, if
the North were to stand up to its posiiiou, ho
founl a very different business from what s>me
gentlemen seem to suppose I remarked in the
first p jrt of the session, that whatever might turn
up. however the Union might be dissolved, gentlemen
had better make their osleulations upon one
thing as settled, thst the Mississippi river will
he fre as long as water Hows in it. I say so still
I have been a little misquoted by the gentleman
from Alabama [Mr Hilliard] and the gentleman
from North Carolina [Mr. Clingmaa] who represented
me its having spoken of the woath of the
Mississippi merely. Qentlemen, wo cannot tike
up with the mouth of the Mississippi. No, you
cannot get off in that way ; hut I tell you the
whole Mississippi, from its mouth to its source?
whatever your Southern convention, way do. w hatever
resolves they may pa?s?will remain forever
free to the people of the Northwestern Territory.
Aye, the children of the old flrst-horn of the Ordinance
of 17&7 would float up and down that river
free w henever and as long ns they please. That
FEBRUARY 28, H
you may rely upon. And my friend from North
Carolina |Mr. Clingtuan| would get hie idem a
good deal enlarged upon that subject, if, instead of
going to Saratoga and Newport, laying baits for
" valentines,** [a laugh,] he will come out to the
Northwest, if he will look at our rivers, and
scrutinise closely the lads who navigate them. If
he would go to the wharves of Pittsburg or Cincinnati,
if he will go to any of onr Western river
towns, he will conclude at once that it would be
the most difficult thing in the world to prevent
the Westeru boys from going the whole length of
the Mississippi river and back again?out and
back, sir, at their own will and pleasure. Not
that I doubt the chivalry, the gallantry, and courage
of the Southern people. Not even tho vauntiug
of that gallantry of which we have bad a
specimen, can bring it under suspicion with me.
Why, I would not ow n th? m for fellow-citueus, if
I did not think them brave. Hut I must say that
a le-s gallant people might have their courage
brought under suspicion l>,y some of the we
hare heard. It is not the w >y folks oonfi lent in
their own strength ordinarily talk. Hut then it
depends a good deal upou how they have been
brought op. | A laugh |
Dissolve the Union ! How will it work ? Suppose
you do tncet in Conven'iou and resolve that
the Union is dissolved, will that absolve the President
of his official oath ? Will he not stand
there still clothed with the authority, urmod witii
the power to execute the laws of the land f And
would they be executed ? Well, they would.
There is no mistake about it. It would be right
in his line of business. And let me suggest to
you another thing that would follow as uu inevitable
consri|uenco-?the star-"paneled banner, the
spread-eagle, and so forth, with fifes and drums,
and all that sort of thing, would be paraded through
your States. Let inc suggest one thing more, as
a mere matter of opinion of course, that you had
better have a Frederick Doughis on every plantation
of the South, lecturing upon the "God-given
rights of man," than to have this kind of military
fuss and parade among you. It wouldn't be
favorable to your " peculiar institution." [Laughter]
It would go a great way to enlighten your
slaves of the real, not market, value of weak heads
and strong arms?the very material for mobs and
insurrections. And if there is any institution on
the face of the earth?not excepting the despotism
of Russia?that should be conservative?that
should scorn anything like civil war, insurrection,
or mob violence?that should avoid everything
which goes to teach men with arms that they can,
if they only make the rigjjt kind of an issue, overcome
men with brains?it is your institution of
slavery. And it may be, or rather might be, if
we were now to have the will of the majority of
the people of this country carried out, and you
were to remain in your present frame of mind,
that you would rush upon a crisis that would
in ike it necessary for you to speedily execute in
part what is evideutly the decree of God?the
extermination of slavery throughout the world.
You might bring on a state of things which would
make it uecessiry to biing about, so far as this
country is concerned, this result by your own
noans; aye. you might arguse aod bring into action
the war power?which is almost, unlimited
by the Constitution?the war power?the military
despotism, that would use your slaves jnst as it
would fuel or fodder, to promote its own success.
Wlxnn tvrtnni.!ni? nrmipu whrtiilii hp mnPflhin# Jini!
countermarching through your land, do you suppose
that you could keep nil your slaves quiet?
Would they be likely to ietnuin neutral in a civil
war ?
Mr. Chairman, I find that, without touching
upon some topics to which I h id intended to allude.
my time is almost'exhausted. I regret us
much as any man cin, that the North?the free
States, by their Representatives here?have fallen
(in their works) so far short of the faith they professed
But 1 avow it as my opinion, as my decided
opinion, that those Representatives have
mistaken the will of their constituents. And.
though I certainly make no threats, and would
not, if I ba l the power to execute them, I believe
that those gentlemen who have found it consistent
with their sense of duty to vote down the Proviso,
or evade voting upon it at all, will get more light
in one week after they reach their homes, than
they diil in eight weeks after they arrived here?
and that was a great deal.
My time is so nearly out, that I will detain the
committee no longer.
CALIFORNIA. .
t MI.IKOKNIA NOVELTY?Philip Thorp, just returned
from California, has constructed a packing trunk fur
baggage, 2T> inches long, !(' wide, and 3(1 deep, which, at the
mines, is the b?et gold separator erer used; being a combination
of the rocker, pan, and quicksilver gold-catcher, ALL
IN ONE. It pumps the wster, washes rapidly, and saves
all the gold. Price only fit Quicksilver operating pans,
only |:t. G>Ul catching creviced ravines, ft 50. Very an
perior tin pane, 75 cents. Uold-flui'.ing anger*, all sizes.
Quicksilver at (1.25. Beautiful ma|>s of California, 25
cents, &o., Ate.
Or lers from any part of the country attended to, and the
articles shipped to care of Cooke, Baker, Ai. Co., San Francisco.
Passage tickets procured, and good berths secureJ, for persons
at a distance, for a fee of (1 for my services. Any desired
in'orination always free. Address, at the California
Depot an*) Passenger Ofliee. II Park How, New kork.
Feb 21?It All NOLI) HIJFFUM.
TO TRUSTEES OF DISTRICT SCHOOLS.
AGENTS WANTED.
To all persons interested in the diffusion of ui'ful
knorvUdgt?valuable boobs Jor jmblic, private, and
district school hbraries.
SEARS' PICTORIAL LIBRARY,
rpWKEVE volume-", largo octavo, substantially bound in
1. leather Kmtx'liir.)ie< 1 with more than 7'ffO TIIOL'
S I.V/J KStill 1 VIS'US, designed ami executed by the
most eminent artists of England am] America.
>Vcin his tZccelDiicp Hitnillitn / ' t/i. (for ernor of the State
of \'rtr York.
i)a a u Sir : I have nut had time, amid other engagements,
forn very thorough exam'n itiou of the series of Pictorial
Work* which you have been so kind as to send inc. I have,
however, examined them eufliciently to justify iue in saying
that they are compiled with care and are highly n foresting
and useful family Hooks |,ure in their moral tendency, and
replete with valuable iufuruisti'-n. They are good "ooks,
ami worthy of a place in our District School l.tbrurits.
HAMIEMN MSil.
Mr. P.ohsrt Skars.
h'loaitlie lion ('In Avphm Moi nan, Stcretrtro of Stole rmrt
St ju'li Jitewtf at of I'amnion Schools.
Stats of N kw York, Sbchktary s Officr,
Department of ' 'oriisiion Schools, All/an;/, April HI, l<MO.
Sik : I have examiued your series of l'uloi tul Works ; I
find them to c intafn a la*ge amount of valuable information,
an I take pleasure In cheerfully recommending them as suitahle
books to be Int'oduced Into the Common unit District
School libraries of this State.
CIIRISTOPHEK MOKOAN.
Mr. Kobbbt Sears.
Recoiiiuieiuliititm of lion Robert It. I'ru yn, tlabriel 1'. Disosn'uy,
.tomes D Hutton, Jo nes It' lleekrnan ami
Alomo Johnson, Committee on ('ol egs.r, V mleones, ami
Common S hools.
Nnw York I koisi.ati rk, I;>n75, 1^19.
We have exam! e l the PtCTDRl\l. WORKS* edited
an I published hv Mr. Hubert Sears. I.'u Nassau street New
York, prepared for DISTRICT SCHOOL LI It RADIUS,
ami are of the oj inion that they deserve a place in these in
stitutiona, designed as they are for tl e diffusion of Useful
Knowledge.
* The works alluded to. as having been examined anil >e>c
ommendel for the l.ibra-ies, are as follows: A Nilr ami
I'opulm Piitorial lies >r pi ion of Ihr I'niteil States?Putin
not Iti i/o/y of the American Hernial on ? Scenes uml
Sketches of ('o' tinental liar ope ? Description of (treat
llntn n nii't Iretnwi?firtot tat f'dini o Annual?Trtassn y
of Koioelritae? Infiii motion for the "People?The Faniilij
lash actor?Pntoiall Suiuinif-Hook? HJse Jhon'iiip/nj? Hibit
III stony? Seoul" J Series of the H'omlri i ot the ISO lit.
KUllKKT H. PltUYN, Chairman.
OARK IKE P 1)1 SOS WAY.
JAMES 1? BUTTON
JAMES AV. REEKMAN.
AI.ONZO JOHNSON.
ftV AC,n\'TS WANTED in every section of the Union
to sell the above work". To men of enterp lac and tact, this
offers an opportunity f?r ueef I. pleasant, and proti'able em
ployment A cash capital of at least twenty-live or fifty dulIk's
will be ne.-e??:iry Full particulars will he riven on
application, either personally or by letter. Pottage must tu
all cases lie paid. Please address
KOUEKT SEAKS, 12S Nassau street, N. York.
To Publishers oj Newspapers throughout th-. Shite
of N ?' York:
RT" Newapapera copying thi* advertisement rvtire, wel
dlaplayed, a* above, without any ? deration or abridgment
(itvluilinir (hi* notice,) and giving it out ?/ outrr imgrtiont
*h*ll rweiftirapt of any one of our f'2 ."A) or |3 w rk?
(tubjtrt to Ihr.r orilrr,) liy rendlt g direct to the publisher.
0T" No letter will lie t iken irjm the ottice mile** p?*l
paid. Feb 14?It
l>RK. MVVtEY,
Mt-I'lCAl. Practitioner* and Surgeona, north aldeofTtl
*treet, two door* ea?t of V inr irtreet, Cincinnati,! thlo.
K. U. MUNSKY, M. 1>.
Ian 4. W H.Ml'SSKV.M. U.
.WONKY! MONEY!! MONEY!!!
\ir II JlRYIM, Attorney at I.aw, Colnmbna,Ohio, wil
* * giTr |>:trtirnl*r attention to the rolleetinn. 'n Ohio
Michigan, in liana, lllinoii, Mineonri, Kentueky, Iowa, am
Wltcotiain, of that e'lma of olaima long since marked ai
" I,<>*?," ' 14t>i>w Wr*t," ami "Not Collectable," by nirr
ehanta, new*p?ptr publisher*, manufaotii *r?, and other*
l ive ve.ra' experience haa given him oonfldeaee; hvtnx
> there will be i o oharga. but ao ar a* collection* art made
I ex-ept poatare. Card*, giving reference*, term*, and In
; atrnetinna, will be sent in auaaar to poit ftaid letter*.
I I ite. EL
medical card.
UAKVKY I.INI'Kl.Y, M l? , C ?treet next to the cornel
of hour-and>a-half atreet, Waabington. Way 24
NEW YORK KKVIHM- ROOM.
I/lihK II FADING ROOM at the Publication ORee ant
Depository of the American end Foreign Anti Slaeerj
.Society, No 61 John atraet, New York. ? Theadvantage!
(1. t nu .Jetlona of thia eatauliabment (auperior to auj
; other of the kind in thia oountry)are xitlrelj free to all
In a I lltloo to nil the Liberty party newapapera now puklUh
ad. will be f,,und n rariaty of.libera. Anti Slavery fui oitMt
and Pro Slavery,comprising, la ail, Ilea of nearly one han
I drr l weekly, aenlmonthlr, and monthly periodical*. pub
i li?hed In nineteen of tbe United State*, in Canada, Urea
Britain. I ranee, and Holland. A apeetal Invitation U extend
(1 to frit ude and at ranker* vtalt in* New York, toepend tfceii
leisure time In loobli^evM thUaxteuivacollectionof uaefu
information.
The National Kra la reeelved at tha Reading Kooa, fren
Wellington, by tha earlieat mail, and aiugle oopiea may bi
pur 'haeedevery Friday morning.
Not. II. WILLIAM HAKNKD, ORee Agent.
*50.
KEWftPAPER Aonun.
VB. PALMKN, the American Newspaper Ay*nt iiyrgt
forth* S'atioMii Era, and witMin Utail AdrerUsewenU
and subscriptlonaat th* mm* rata* u rsqtiiresl by.
im. Hi* offices ?re *t Boston, 8 t on?rras street, N.w York,
Tribune Building; fTitladelphla, northwest ?omer of Third
and t hesfnnt streets; Baltimore, southwsateoruer of North
and Kayette streets.
fty b M. YKTTKNUILL,Newspaper Adeert'slni, Subscription,
?nd Coi'wtluft A??nt, No. lit but* street, Boston,
(Journal Building,> l? ?ls<> egeut for the Nutionul Era.
THE F.IRKEVIIXE HA DROPAVM8 IMTI*
TUT?;
ACXEb-SIBLK fnm all part* uf the United States? situ
ate<l two miles eonfh of Woodbury, in the county town
of Glouce?t*r County, New Jersey. ard Ave niilee from Ke>l
Bank?haring beeu opened under farorable auspices, I* now
in operation, for the cure of liout, Kheiiuistlsm,
Br iiiohiti?,Coueum|>tivu,ltyep?i>?ia,Cou*ti|?tion, liiarrbata,
Paralysis, Neuralgia, Nsrrocs, r'ebrile, and ( utauevu* disease*,
uoiier th* superintendence of llr. Heater formerly of
IVhngistown, N J., and recently of the Bound Hill Keteeat,
Massachusetts.
Tliie Inititutloii was built eapress'y 'or a Water Cur*
Establishment. is capable of accommodating fllty patients,
and abundantly supplied with t entr of trie ]iurtit quality.
The treatment of disease by water is no lunger matter of
experiment; but a few years have elapsed since the first
Water Cure Institution wu* opened in the U. S , and the result
of iu administration, lu t-jth acute and chronic diseases,
has eoiiviuoed the moat incredulous of 1'* rlli,-;<cy.
'J'he Managers deem It unnecessary to refer to the uu
merou* aud astcnishii g cures which hare beeu effee'ed at
this institution,(not withstanding they hare permission ftotn
, many patieu's to do so.) Should any applicant desire Information
of thi* kind, they will be referred to the patients
theinselres, who will certify to the benefit which they re'
crired while at the Parkerille Institute.
The winter is the best season for HyJropatbic treatment
" Diseases ga'lop on toward* a cure in the oold sewou. while
; the instinctive tendencies of the system ?re more manifest,"
re-action being then more easily produced.
In the experience ami (kill of (be Superintendent, who
i was ou? of the earliest t rartitlouer* of Hydropathy in this
I eonntry,tbe utmost coufiiienoe may be placed.
The location of the Institution ba* been selected for the
peculiar salubrity of Its atihoepfcere, the inexhaustible sup|
ply of water, it? proximity to the city, and the adrantages
i which it offer" for fully carrying out the principles and prac|
ticee of the Wider Cure.
THE BATH MO DEPARTMENT
1 Has been constructed after the Enropeea plan; erery room
being provided with a plunge, foot, and sitz bith The
douch has a fall of about thirty feet, while the main plunge
is supplied from an exclusive spring of cold water.
The servants and hath attendants have been selected with
the greatest care, and all accustomed to the eovuomy of an
Hydropathic establishment.
i'araevtlle is about uine miles from Philadelphia, sur
rounded by a flourishing neighbourhood of industrious and
enterprising armors, Lpmuiuuication uiay be bad with the
City, either by water or otherwise, several times daily.
There are chumhrs and schools in its immediate vicinity
The Managers, while they offer the advantages of their Institution
to the diseased, w mid also tender them the comforts
and conveniences of a home.
Terms?f>r the first four weeks, Ten Dollars par week,
after that, Eight D >1 ars per week which includes board,
trentmeut, and ad other charges. except washing. Those requiring
extra acoomiuodati n, will he charged accordingly.
The water treatment is not a panacea that will cure ull
diseases; it is therefore nwessery thstewb applicant should
have the benefit of a careful examination: In ererv instance
the doctor will candidly state his opinion, and then 1
applicants wil beat liberty to b?come patients or not. as j
they think proper. This examination can be made in Philadelphia,
or at the Institute, for which a fee of fire dollars
is to be paid at the time of making the examination.
Persons at a distanc- can obtain an opinion as to the probable
effect of the water treatment, by 'enelosing ten dollars,
aecouitotnied by a writteu statement of their case.
Application to be made to Samuei. Webb, Secretary, 58
South Fourth St., Philadelphia,or to Da Lratkh.oii the
premises.
Patients will be expected to bring with them two linen
sheets, two large woollen blankets, four comfortables, and
halfadoiau crash towels, or these can be purchased at the
Institute.
At the Livery Stable, they can procure carriages or sad
die horses, (for Ladies or (ientlemen,) and such " wish to
use* hn.ves at Parkevilirtw. (.?*>. _ .<ii .
taken care of, at livery s'ahle prices
A stage runs daily from the Institute to Ked Hank.
Oct lei-it
BENNETTS DAGDERREAN GALLERY,
Pennsylvinia Avenue, Washington CVy, one door
west of Gil maids Drug Store.
THE citizens of Washington and strangers visiting the
eitr are respectfully informed that the subscriber has
just opened a gallery as above, which be has fitted up in elegant
style, with a!! the latest improvements, including
z\N EXTENSIVE SKYLIGHT,
and is now prepared to take pictures of all sizes, single or in
groups, which his long exp rience and great success embolden
hiiu to say will be pronounced by competent judges fill I r
equal to any specimens of the phon graphic art ever pr du
ced in the United States.
Cabinet pictures, m nanring eleven by fimrieer ib Iih.
taken at short notice; also,crayon and enamelled Dagueneotypes.
Pictnres taken equally well in cloudy as in fair weather.
Perfect satisfaction warranted in a 1 cases.
tK- oiMIe ? > r,,i ?Ao, f n 11 v invit*?.t to csll and examine
specimen*. N. S BENNETT.
Jail. 31?ly
T1IE NEW <?K EKEMIERG WATER CURE
REPORTER
IS published monthly, containing thirtv-'wi iarga octavo
pages, devoted to the dissemination of the principles of
life, health, ai d true medical reform. It will aim to explain
clearly, iutelligibly, and scientifically, the princ'ples and
procissts of Hydropathy.
Henry Foster, M. D, Editor.
Regular Contributors.
N. Hedortba, AI. 1) , New libation Water Cure, N'. V.
S. O. t.leason, iVl. I) , Glcnhaven Water Cure, N V.
O. V. Thayer, M. P., < 'ooperstown Water Cure. N. V.
P H. Hayes, M. P.. Greenwood's Springs Wat^r Cure,
N. Y.
T. T.Sealva, M l> , Cleveland Water Cure, O.
C. C. Silieferdeoker, Willo T Orore Water < ?-r?. Pa
K. S. Haugbton.il P.. 51 Tenth street, New York.
Terms, ahcays in ad nance.
One copy, one year - - - - 31 00
Kive copies, one year 4 00
Ten copies, on? year 0 00
Twenty copies, one year - 10 00
Address, post paid, II. HOLLAS D, Publisher, Utica,"
New York. Jun 31?3m
CARPETS. OILCLOTHS. V WINDOW SHADES.
MLULHAN rs from the South and West wjuld be amply
recompensed by making cheap purchases tor cash, by
calling at the Carpet, Oil Cloth, and Window Shade Depot,
Nos. 18 and 41 North Second street, Philadelphia, second
floor, one door below Christ Church.
Three thousand pieces of Wilton, Brussels, Imperial, In
graiu, Damask, ami Venitian ( arpeting-, with >il Cloths
Mats Bugs, l-ooking Glasses, Blinds, Window Shades, and
Mattings, wholesale and retail, very low.
ET" liberal advances made on consignments of ('arreting*and
Oil Cloths. J.SIDNEY JONES.
March 15.? lam lit
BRITISH PERIODICAL LITERATURE.
RCPUBUCATtuM OF
THE LONDON UUARTERLY REVIEW,
THE EL) UN HUKUH KEV1EW,
THE NORTH BRITISH REVIEW,
THE WESTMINSTER REVIEW, mul
BLACKWOOD'S EDINB'GII MAGAZINE.
rpHK widespread fain* ofthese splendid perindi ml* rendirs
JL it needle** to say much in th*1r praise. As literary cr
gins, they stand fur in advauce of any wor>s of a similar
stamp now |ini>lisli?d, while the |K>litical complexion of each
is marked by a dignity, candor, and forbearance, not often
found in work* of a party character
They embrace the views of the three (treat parties ill Eng.
land?Tory, Whig,and Radical." Blackwood" and the " Loudou
Quarterly " are Tory, the " Edinburgh Review " U big.
end the "Westminster Krview" Kadical. The "North
British I'.eTiew" is more of a religious character having
been originally edited by l>r. Chalmers, and now, since his
death, being conducted by bis son-in-law, Dr. Hantia associated
w th Sir David Brewster. Its literary character is
of the rerv highest order
The " Westminster," though reprhiteit titnler that title
only, is published in England nuder the title < f the " Foreign
Quarterly and Westminster " it being In fact a union
of the two Reviews firmerly pnbltrhod and reprinted under
separate title". It has therefore the alvatitsg", by this combination,
o! uniting in one work the best features ol both, as
heretofore issued.
The above Periodicals are reprinted in New York immediately
on their arrival by the British steamers, in a beautiful
clear type, on fine white paper, and are faithful copies of the
originals? Bluckrrooil'* Magutine being an exact fac simile
of the Edinburgh edition.
TKKMS.
For any one of the four Keytews, 93.00 per annua.
For any two of the Keeiews, 6.00 do.
For any three of the Keviews, 7.1*1 do.
For all four of the Reriews, 8.tkl do.
For Blackwood's Magaiine. 3.i*> do
For Blackwood and three Key lews, 9<<l do.
For Blackwood andAhe four Reviews lll.tkl do.
Payments to be made in all cAes in advance.
CLUBBING.
Four copies of any or all of the alsire works will be sent to
one address, ou payment of the regular subscription for three
the fourth copy being gratis.
EAKLY COPIES.
Our late arrangement with the British publlsbcrsof Blackwood's
Magaxine secures t' us early sheets of that work, by
which we are enabled to place the entire number in the
hands of subscribers before any iwrtioii of it can 1* reprinted
in any of the American journals. For this and other ad
vantages secured to fnr subscriber*, we pay so Urge a con
i "i teration, that we m jy lis compelled to raise the price of
1 the Magaxine.
Cry Something may therefore be gained by eubscribing
early.
Remittance* and communications should be alwaye ad
i dressed, postpaid or traiiked, to the publisbtrs,
LEONARD SCOTT Jt CO.,
May 10 79 Fulton at.. New York . entrance in Inlil st.
NO FELLOWSHIP WITH NLA V Eliot.1) LBN.
A SCRIPTURAL A KOI'MEN T in f-.vor of w.thdrawing
fellowship from Churches and Keel, "iasticel IE-Ins tol
1 erafing Siarehi'ding among them, by Rev. Silas McKeen
of Bradford. Vermont Is the title of a tract of 4<i m.- ? iu?.l
published by the Ainerl-an and Foreign Anti-Slavery Soei
i ety, and for sale at their Depositor* in New York. Price?
fiiHt a hundred; atinir le copy, 3 cents,
t WILLIAM HAKNKD, Ag?nt,
April'Al *1 John street. New York
JL'IMIK JAVA LETT EH TO BISHOP IVEJL
' \ 1.KTTEK to the Right Ker. I.. Killiman Ire*, Bishop of
Xa. the Protestant K pise n pal Church in the State of North
Carolina: necasi-ned by his late Addrre* to the Convention
of his Dioee?e. By William Jay. Third edition.
The numerous reader* of this moet excellent and Int -rest
tng letter, published in the National Fra tn ItMT, will h<
i pleased to know that it haa hreu handsomely stere-.ty ped
under the di reel i?u of the Fiecutivo < loinmlttee of the A Bierican
and Foreign Anti-Slarery .Society, and i* now for salt
at jli 4tl per hundred, or three cento single.
Orders, accompanied by the rash, and directing by what
conveyance they luay be forwarded, will t* promptly assented
by WILLIAM HAKNKD,
April 13. _ 61 John Street, N?w York.
I'X'tlAvll ri TIONALITY OF SLAVERY,
BY LYKANDKR SPOON FK Parts 1st and 9,1. Publishad
by Bela Marsh, 25 Conduit, Boston; and for sale, at
r the publisher's prices, at the Depository ot the American and
Foreign Anti-Slavery S-ctety, New York. Price, 33 cents
each jsart, or 60 oenta tuun I together
WILLIAM HARNKI). Agent,
( Aognat Hi -lam 61John street.
[ THE CHEAPEST AN I'1-M.AVI.It\ TKAfT VET
' PC It LI.All Fl>.
TIIK ADDKKSS OF THK SOU THRUM AND WKKT
KltN LIUKKTY CON V hNTION held at Cincinnati
t, June llthanu ITth, IrHA. tothe People of the United State# :
- with notes, by a eilisen of Pennsylvania. A pamphlet,containing
15 slosely printed octaro pages offsets and statistics^
t showing the effects of Southern Slavery on the interests si
this country; on flue paper sua handsome type, and sold at
r ths exceedingly low rate of teu dollars per thousand,or one
1 dollar per hundred!
Orders,post pal l,enclosing the money,and addrsessd to
l the subscriber, will he promptly ex?eutsd; the order should
i ?tnte dletiuctly by what mode ef eonveyenoe they tre l* ke
sent WILLIAM HAMNKD,
March XI. 61 John street, Msw York.
VOL. IV. .
? 4
YAI.CAM.K PCBUOATIOJW.
FACTS FOR THK PEOPLF., a?mnd edition! A on?pi.
lation from the writings of Hob. William Jay, Hon J p.
CJiddings, Hm. J. Ci. Palfrey, and o*h?r?, on the relation* of
the United Stater Government to Slavery, ?uii emLraruuf 4
i hint..rv of the Meii??? war, lt? origin and objnta. By 1 .
] ring Moody Price 2ft eentr
Nathaniel P. Hwg'rw.?The aerond edition of a oollec.
tioo from ?ha writing* of Nathaniel P. Kogura. Priee, in
neat cloth biuding, $1.
Narrative of Iho Life of William W. Brtwii,t fu.
gitlve Stare; wrl'ten by himself. Complete edition?tatith i
thourant Pnee 28 eentr.
Anto-Biography of M. Wright: Human l ift. IHn*.
; traled tu my individual experience a* a Child, a Youth, and
| a Man By Ht-ury C. Wright I here in j r. mrly n0
tory; only biography."?11. W. Emti ton. Price ($!.
The above work* art ju?t published and for aair by
Sept. V.?6m Khl.A MAKSH,25 Cornhlll, Kortoa.
THK FKIfcND OK YOUTH.
THIS new anl atlracive journal fiw Ymtlh, edited hr
Mr* Uslley.and published at W'aahinrtoi^ r?n i,? tlhj
! at the Floton Aeetiry/ur the National Era, 25 Comtdli
Priee, by mail, 80 cent# a year; de Irered In Burton. free ?f
1 portage 75 cento. GKORliK W. LIGHT,
j Mov. 25. 25 Cornhlll Beaton.
SPKINCIMLE 1IOARDI ><? Sf IHlOI. Full CURIA.
THIS Instttattoa la agreeably eituated In a bealthy part
of Loudiun county, Virginia. tight unite west of Lee*.
burR. and two mbtr a..mh of the stage road leading ir?w
Washington to Winchester.
1 he anuiiaer term will commence on the Hih of Fifth
month. ( Hay.) The winter term will continence on the 15th
of Eleventh month, (November )
The branohee taught are?Beading, Writing, Arithmetic
Geography, Hietor) , Grammar, Composition Hook-keeping'
Nati.rxl Philosophy, Asfr ir my, <'bemiatry, Botany, Ale.-'
bra. Khetorie, the French Language, Drawing, Painting
and Needlework
lectures are delivered on Natural Philosophy, Astronomy,
and Cheinletry, Illustrated by pleasing experiments.
A library, a cabinet of minerals, and phihwnphical apparatus.
are provided fir the uae of the school. Tha diacii.i.....
in strictly parental; and every effort is made to incline in
the mm.is of 'he pupil* a love of knowledge ami dusire of excell,
nee as the proper stimulant* to exertion
The term*, fur tuition L.ard, ami washing, are $!00 per
annum, or ?."iil per term of *-23 weeks. The only e xtrHcbarire*
are .VI cents per quarter for lights, pens, and |?ncils; j..i per
quarter for E'rencb lessons and the same tor drawing an.t
painting. Hooks and stationery furnished at the usual prices,
whi n required "
Scholars sent to the Point of Rocks will he oonreyed to
the school free of charge, by giving timely notice, directed
to Pureel's Store.
Deo fi. SAMUEL M. JANNEY, Prinoipsl
LAKD OIL.
IMPROVED HARD OIL?Lard Oil of the finest quality,
equal to sperm for combustion, also for machinery and
woollens, being manufactured without acids, can always ho
purchased and shipped in strong barrels, prepared expressly
to prevent leakage Orders received and executed for the
Lake, Atlantic, and Southern cities, also for the West Indie*
and Cauadas. Apply to
THOMAS EMERY, Lard Oil Manufacturer,
Jan. aft. 33 Water street, uesr Walnut, Cincinnati. O
LARD FOR OIL
LARI WANTED.?Lath paid fcr corn, mast,andslop-fsd
Larl. Apply to
THOMAS EMERY, Lard (Ml Manufacturer,
| Jan. VI 33 Water street , near Wslnnt. t'inclnratl O
FIKEePKOOK CHEAT*.
PATENT Salamander Soapstone lined Iron Chests, that
will stand more fire than st y others made in this country.
Also,a large supply of Patent Air Chamber Iron Chests,
7iio now iu use, and we still make chests in the ordinary way,
at very low prices Slate-lined Refrigerators, Water E'lIters,
Portable Water Closets fur the sick and infirm. Seal and
I.Ytter Copying Presses, Eire Pro f Doms for Banks and
Stores. EVANS it WATSON,
76 South Third street, Philadelphia.
N b. (iwiattv Msmlts" isfiiei <?e^i??i???ei-? f
for'thetnselves. nefbre pufeftaafntf eisewiiere tt( [. I
TOK N | nONiL E IM " AS KNOT, J
Vomkill. 1
fpHE Nutional Era comes fr m Washington to this < flics I
-L by ? xpre.-s, and is delivered by carrier* in anjr part of
the oity proper, at Si 75 a year,/rce qf po'turc; single
copies, six ami a quarter units. *
Mow is the ttme to secure this national advocate of tbt Liberty
Movement, during the first session of Congress urder
the new Administration, when questions of the most thrilling
imjwrtaree must t e decided.
Subscriptions and renewal* respectfully rot lei ted by
Nor. 25. GEO. W. LIUHT, 2f> Carnhill.
EXCHANGE BA\K OF R. W. LATHAM k. CO.,
Washington, D. C-, t
DEALS in checks, drafts, acceptances, promissory notes
bank notes, and coin.
BANK NOTES.
Notes on all solretit banks in the United States bought
and sold at the best prices.
DRAFTS NOTES, A NO BILLS,
In Washington and Georgetown,collected, ami remittances
promptly made, In Baltiniure, Philadelphia, New York, or
Boston funds, at a charge of one-quarter per cent.
COLLECTIONS
Made in all the principal cities of the Union, on the most
farorable terms.
EXCIIA SOE.
Bills of exchange and bank check* on mo?t of the principal
citie* of the Uuion bought and sold at the best r. tes.
C/" Office hour*, from eight o'clock A. M. to five P. 51
Her l t f
law ernes, oou mhi s, o.
WILLIAM B. JAKVIS, Jnn.. dltorwev anil Cmnm'lor
*/ Lam,Columbus, Ohio. Office in Plate1* new buiJding;
State street, opi>oaite south door of Stalh House.
liueir.e** connected with the profession. ct ell kit-as put crnallvattended
tn Jan Ht
LAW OFFICE, CINCINNATI.
BIKNEY A SHIELDS, Attorneys at Law, corner of Main
and Court streets, Cincinnati.
! JAMES BIKNEY, Notary PnMic and Commissioner to
i take act -unrtedsrmrnl* of deeds and daoositicna for ths States
] of Maine. Vermont i.'oniiwtlout. ivltrhlfran. Hvrup?hlr?,
! Miesouri, Illinois, 1'eunei.see. New York.aad Arkaueas
Jan S ? f.f
NOTICE.
COKRKSPONPKNT8 and others desiring to communicate
with the undersigned will plesee direct their letter.*
?n<l papers to Kult?n, Oswego coiyity.N.w Y'rk, my present
jK>?t i.lhce address. J. C. HAKKINOTON.
Nor. 29.
tilt KA TIMPKOVKH KM IN I'l.A Nl M.,TOMi I Kl\(J
AM) <>UOUYlMS UMBhR.
Joseph F. WootUntrift Patent Planing Machine.
fTtHK subscriber, having rewired letters patent for a it?X
tionary cutter, pl*ning. tongnelrigsndgTooviiigniarhlne,
j now offers.for sale machines, and right* to us* the same.
1'his machine will plane si* thousand ftet of hoards to ?rjr
uniform thickness in one hour, producing a better finished
< surface than it is possible to plane by any other means now
known, not eioep.nng the hand plane, and is peculiarly adapted
topi s#e and joint clapboards, or weather-boarding, and
will do the work faster and better than any n>a*bfoe heretofore
invented This machine is so arranged that if plane*
the board with an unbroken sharing the whole width ?nd
length of the material, and does not take more than twothirds
of the power that is re.pored to do an etpiai amount of
? rk by the rotary rutting cylindtr, now in c. mmon use.
The construction and organization of thi* machine is different
from any other now in use ( ommnnicafions for fnrtfcer
particulars cheerfully res|*-mlol to, by addressing the subscriber,
(post paid,) Boston liUss.
One of the above planing machines may be seen in operation
by calling on the patentee.
JO.SKPH P. WOOHBURY,
ma/j.?17 noraer street, r ati Boston, Mail. I
KT Tlie above Flaning Machine has been thoroughly
tested, by planing oTer 1,(KK1,U*I feet of lumber ami baa J
planed 3,UK) feet in seventeen minutes, and is adapted to I
stick any description of mouhlinifs with ureal rapidity.
The subscribers, haTing p urcha.-ed the territory annexed "
to their namea, are now ready to offer for sale the machine,
and the right to uae the name, iu the territory purelmsed by
them.
A machine may he seen In niwrsfioti soon at lluflalo, New
York, and at the flailing Mill of Duucan Mangey, Louisville,
Kentucky.
< 'unnnunlcat ions for furtberpartlenlars cheerfully responded
to, by addressitig either of the subscribers, poet paid, Oswego,New
York. STAATS &. S I'KWAhT,
For the Stale of New York.
STLWAKT & TtMI'LK.
For the States of Ohio, Michigan. Indiana and Missouri.
STEWAKT A Al.l.KN,
For the St tee of Wlaeotiaiu and Illinois.
MBfcKTY ALMYVM KOK I
PUHLISHFD by the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery
Society, and for xale at their Depository in New York,
at the following prices:
For one thousand copies 92O.IW
For one hundred cop'es ..... 2 .111
For one dozen copies 411
For a single copy ....... 5
The Almanac has been compiled by the Correspond is*
Secretary of the Society, ami includes twenty-three pages of
ealuab'eoriginal matter by William fioodell. The price by
the tho;. and is put at a tri/le above the actual roet, in the
expectation if selling large edition*, urn! of Mooring tta
active 00 operation of An i-S| very frien throughout the
country, who, it is hop?d, will give to this important annual
a wide ami thorough t-iron!*)ion. The site is the same as the
Almanac fuf Is ij, viz: 4o pairr*.
"rder* f- r Almanac* by (be hundred or thou* and will be
promptly run end nIwu.'.J etate. definitely, by what
wiilt o/cotirryther they OKU la' sent. The portage on rrrrv
Almanac mwf 6y muil will be two and a half cent*, without
reference to the ijuantity.
t'rler* ahonld invariably be acoempaniad iy tfc# ea-b.
Any atim under one dollar may l>? rent in nntliyt ?tnn,p*
VV ILL!AM HAKNEU, Agent,
Stfd 30.?tf N?. 61 J?hn atreet, New York.
<>KAll 1>1S >1 IUAZI.AE-H9
G. tt. KRaliAAl, J. R. CHANDLER, AND I. B. TAYLOK,
KhtTOR*.
11HF. January number of (irahani'a Magrifine?the flr?i
number of tbe New Volume?it now ready for the mail*
and for ehij rneut# to agent*. The Knbliaher* and Kdibra,
while expreeling latlatactlon in tbe extraurllnary ?nefe*?
with which their eff eta to elevate the eharacterot tbe pert- |
odic.il literature of the country hare been crowned, reaped- 1
fully offer a itatetnent of their preparation* f >r the New VI- I
ti-i e. It is w. 11 \nown that no other Mi.gaiiri* ever puhlirlied
in the Knglinh language haa preaet ted anch an arraj f
-lli.-frl > a contributor* Hryanf (bmper, Paulding, Herbert,
lamgfellow, Hoffman, Willi*, Key, Simine.conetitufe alone a
o Ti - ,-r iter th*n any ever he'' re- lift ed fT a alnglew rk.
An examination of our lart volume* will eh"W that ihwev <!?*
tiiuNiiahed writ, r? have ail funnel e l for thle nnacellany articiea
erjual to the lent they have Riven to the world. ThfT,
with our other old contributor*, will continue to enrich onf
page* with their induction*; and ncvera! eminent autbore
wh have not hitherto appeared in our page* will hereafter
be added to the li?t. Of courae, therefore, all attempt* to
compete with Graham'* Mag-nine, in it* lltetary character,
wid l,e iinaucceaafiil. In every d-partmcut, the higbeat talent
in the couutry will be enli*ted, and no effort epared to
maintain Its preaeut reputation a* the leading literary periodical
of America. , I
? i r*;..A, ifflMifil
Great inducements to Ftttrmasttrs an? ?- ?i ,
I' d by those of any other Estcbtishwnt.
I For three dollar#, m adrano#,(par monoj ,h? State*
from wliiiji it ie remitted.) one cory of <?rahaui 'vr "nr XT*'1
i *ni| metzotlnt portrait*,on proof ah??t?, uf Uen 1 aylor
,j Hutier, lieu Seott, lien. W orth, and < ?( ' Walker. The-#
| picture#, pro|>#rl/ fraioad, will moke a valuable *' "f partor
or liLraty pnturee. Thejr are mgrmrrd tn>ra undoubted orl
: finale, by the beet artt?ti, an* in of th?m#ote*? aurUv It*
price of a ya?r'? #uh#ert|>t ioii to Orahani'# Mifeilne. Or ?
I the Option of the #uf>?cnb?r rei?l(f:i g Hirer .1. :?r?,?(v j
#?n<t auy thr?#?f Miee Pickering'# or Mr#, tirey'# popular f
wort#, or a " ?nUoezit print, from the burin of ? celebrated
Eng|i*hartf*tPor#r*doll?r#,two?opie#
yearly .and a ?et of the portrait*
above named, to ear* auhacrlber
Eur yon (fcdlare, flv* copiea yearly, and a copy of the Maga Iim
to the poatmeater or other |er?? forming lb# elub
1 Tor l?#rty dollar* eleven copiee, anil a art of the portrait*
to each #nWnber and a eopy of the Magaaln# to the prreon
forming Che cliih I ,
Bu t una,
MRS EMILY H RTOi-KTON, No. Idlfheatntititreet,
h*tw*en fourth and fifth ntreete, Philadelphia
Q*t.26?tf
MWIMNIMift
WM. GUNNISON, (iomorul Cotmmsnom Mrrrhunt 101
Booty's WKor/, BaUimoro, tid. I to# ?3-ly