The national era. [volume], September 05, 1850, Page 142, Image 2

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TllhS^VriONAL KRA.
WASHINGTON, SEPTEMBER 1850.
Scbvylkb F. J rdp of Ogdeneburgh, New
York. i? authorize 1 to act as an ngent for the
National Era in St. Lawrence county, New York.
ur We tale pleasure in laying before our
readers, this week, the able speech of the Hon. J.
Crowell, of Ohio, which we hare no doubt will be
read with great interest
I'll TIIK RRAUKRS OF THE KRA.
The comments on the article entitled " Imprisonment
of William L. Chaplin," from the Free
Presbyterian, in the but Era, were not written by
the editor, who is still absent, and who does not 1
approve of some of its views.
THE BALANCE OP POWER.
The ultra pro-slavery men have a crotchet, for
which they are indebted to the late Senator from
South Carolina, Mr. Calhoun, upon the subject
of the relative strength of the free and slave
States, which we propose to examine. It is a notion
of theirs, that an (quality of political power
can be and ought to be preserved between the two
sections, though they have not very clearly explained
how the thing is to be done. "W e are not
?- -i *.> ji> >* -_ yJ
cut up into smaller ones, or the Northern to be
amalgamated into larger. We are only told that
the Constitution is to be changed, in order to consummate
the desired object, without being furnished
with the particulars of the plan proposed.
It may be that they may demand not only an
equality in the Senate, but also in the House of
Representatives, and, consequently,in the electoral
colleges To effect any of these changes, will
require the assent of a majority, in some cases of
three-fourths of the States; and unless the suppleness
of General Cass were a more predominant
quality in Yankeedom than we have reason to
think it ig. we are not likely to witness such a
settlement of the balance of power. The absurdity
of the proposition is too great to entitle it
to a moment's consideration ; and the mind which
gave birth to it must have been in a very unhealthy
condition, or it must have been unduly
excited by contemplating the effects which the
gasconade and bluster of the chivalry was likely
to produce upon the phlegmatic people of the
North.
Considering it, therefore, as out of the quesition
to preserve the balance of power by a reorganizition
of the Federal Government, we will
proceed to consider the effect which the progress
of population is likely to have upon the relative
strength of the North and South. In the year
1790 the population of the slave States was nearly
equal to that of the free, there being only 7,15.1
persons more in the latter division than in the
former, according to Jesse Chickering, of Boston,
a gentleman distinguished for his accurate acquaintance
with statistics. This trifling difference,
amounting to less than the population of a
small county, has gradually risen to between three
and a half to four millions ; and the recent great
acceleration which has been given to foreign emigration
will in twenty years cause the North to
number twice as many inhabitants as the South.
Another circumstance tending in the same direction
is the gradual liberation of the more Northern
slave States from slavery by the sale or removal
of the slaves further South. In this way
Delaware, without a formal act of emancipation,
ihas become, to all practical intents, free; and her
Senators and Representative have frequently
shown more devotion to the cause of freedom by
their votes than those from some of the free
States. Maryland, likewise, is in a state of transition
from slavery to freedom ; and in view of all
the moral, social, and political engines at work for
iuo wnuruw ui m?vrry, u may sareiy no preuicated
that the institution cannot last ten yearn in
that State. The situation of Misaouri and Ken(tucky
is similar to that of Maryland; and at a
day not much more distant, they will be ranked
among the free States, \s an engine of sectional
combination, the institution of slavery has already
ceased to exercise that omnipotent control which
it exerts further South. The affinities of the
People are more and more becoming Northern,
by the increase of the white population, and the
relative or actual diminution of the number of
slaves. The growth of the commercial and manufacfuring
interests in these States is the great
secret of the decline of the Slave-Power; and
even the agriculture which those interests encourage
is of a nature not suited to slavery.
From these various causes, the South is likely
to be greatly weakened, and the North strength
ened, by the gradual transformation of the border
States. The weak will become weaker, and the
strong stronger, while the tide of Kuropeun emigration
is all the whileswelling the North, Northwestern,
and Pacific States. The South is thereforedoomed
to decline far more rapidly thau ever
in political consequence, until its interests and
institutions cease to be distinct from those of the
Northern portion of the Union So rapid is this
tendency of things, that we might almost venture
to predict that in twenty or twenty-five years,
there will be less of sectional difference and sectional
prejudice between Massachusetts and South
Carolina than will by that time have arisen between
the States east and west of the Mississippi.
We however anticipate no strong or rooted prejudices
between the ditfercnt quarters of the Union
after the extinction of slavery. There will doubtless
be a continuation of the Tariff squabble, and
a sectional strife about the public lands, and the
(improvement of rivers and harbors, and the construction
of railronds, by the Federal Government
; but these ditferent interests can never give
rise to the furious passions which the slavery
propagandists have displayed
The greater increase of the Northern population
than that of the Southern will affect the po?:?:
? i a. a ? a. 11 t
mum pywrr ui iuu i n u nruuuuo iu iiio iiuiihi* 01
Representatives and in the electoral colleges
The preponderance of the North in the Senate
will depend upon the erection of new States The
most superficial glance at the preseut condition of
things must convince every one that two or three
free States must, in the nature of things, come
into the Union before another slave State is ail.
mitted. There is at present no slave territory
l belonging to the Union. Every foot of the public
domain has been declared free by Congress, or by
the People inhabiting it; and we see little probability
thut the law of freedom can be superseded
by that of slavery w est of the Uio Grande, or east
of it, w ithin the proper limits of New Mexico. If,
therefore, any more new slave States are created,
they must be manufactured out of Texas, with
the consent of Congress , and it is well known,
that so sparse and inconsiderable is the population
of that State, that not more than one new
State can be made out of its immense territory,
oontaining the requisite number of inhabitants,
for several years to oome.
With the Northern territory the case is ijuite
different. Already we have California and New
Mexico knocking at the doors of Congress for admission
jnto the Union, and in three or four
years, Miuuesota nnd Oregon will have the requisite
population to form State Governments,
indeed, Oregon, from the recent discoveries of
gold in great abundance, tuay be expected to demand
a State Government in twelve or eighteen
months from to-day. The whole tide of western
emigration, which croasea the froutiera of the
Western States, now finds a home on free soil,
and it i? not to be forgotten, that the slave Statea
themselves now pour out their myriads, only to
people l>e future free States of the Unlou
Southern men may therefore as well abandon
the chimerical project of preserving the balance
I of power between Freedom and Slavery " Manifest
destiny" hss declared sgsinst Slavery, and
no amount of political energy, V which the South
far exceeds the North, can stay the overshadowing
influence of the latter in the affairs of Utis
country, in a very few years. Disunion would (
i I
THE
be trn thousand times the wont remedy that
could be adopted. The hat has gone forth, that
the spirit of freedom is to rule the North American
continent; and the efforts of the friends of
slavery to extend the institution have only served
to awaken the dormant love of freedom in the
hearts of the People. The true wisdom of the
Southern people would consist in adapting their
condition to the order of Nature. They cannot
"stand from under" the avalanche of free principles
which their conjurations in behalf of slavery
have precipitated upon them
But we held that slavery cannot exist in this
country many years, in the present form of that
institution, even if there were no moral enginery
at work aaainst it It has within itself the seeds
of its own dissolution. Slavery is incompatible
with density of population. Labor becomes too
cheap, and the necessaries of life too dear, to
warrant the holding of a half or two-thirds of the
people in that condition. A species of serfdom
might continue, and the domestic service might
still be performed by slaves in a Pagan or Mahometan
country, but when the institution has
no more hold upon men's pockets than that
amounts to in this country, a country of Bibles
and newspapers, it will tumble down. *
STRANGE ncOMMESin.
The Southern newspapers, particularly those
of the mire iJtra "r??
) * ?. ?. V ? --r- >' ' ?K. nr.
runaway slaves, recently held at Catenovia. in
New York If a Northern man were to be caught
south of Mason and Dixon's line, with a paper
containing such matter, he would be tarred and
feathered, if not hanged. Why nofc^ hang the
Southern editors for doing the same thing ? If a
man were to throw a firebrand into a magazine,
in order to show how the ' incendiaries" do,
would he he doing less to detroy those around
him than the veritable incendiary himself? Flow
unjust, to incarcerate Barrett for circulating
pamphlets addressed to the poor whites, urging
them merely to exercise their political franchise
independently, when Southern editors publish
the proceedings of the Oixenovia Convention,
which hold out encouragement to the slaves to
rebel! We leave it to Southern casuists to reconcile
these inconsistencies, if they can; for ourselves,
we cannot help suspecting that, after all,
they are not so much afraid of Northern fanaticism
as they pretend. *
GREEK AGAINST GREEK.
' Perforations in the 1 Latter Day Pamphlets,'
by one of the eighteen millions of bores, edited
by Elizur Wright," is the significant title of a
pamphlet of forty-eight pages, from the press of
Phillips, Sampson, & Co., of Boston. It is a keenly-written
and spiritual review of the recent extraordinary
publications of Thomas Carlyle; and
it is too little to say of it that as a piece of vigorous
Writing, it is at least equal to the best of the
essays which it criticises ; while in the matter of
common sense, sound philosophy, and humanity,
it infinitely transcends them. Its author is well
known throughout the country as an original and
piquant newspaper editor, and this last production
of his pen is by no means likely to diminish
his reputation Nothing like it or equal to it
has ever appeared on this side of the water. It
reminds one of the wit-eeasoned and eloquent po_
litical essays of Blackwood, with the substitution
of liberalism for conservatism. The author, while
he shows his ability to maintain a close and logical
argument, meets his antagonist on his own
ground, with his own favorite weapons of sarcasm
caricature, and ridicule , nnd, in dealing with his
political heresies and absurdities, acts upou the
seemingly contradictory advice of the wise man
of old, and answers him according and not ac.
cording to his folly.
As a specimen of the style and argument Of
Professor Wright's pamphlet, we give two or
three extracts from that portion of it devoted to
the consideration of Carlyle's ultra monarchical
notions of K??
suffrage, and his maintenance of the divine right of
certain unknown, wise, and heroic individuals to
take the reins of absolute power, and govern nations
after the summary fashion of the Dictator
of Paraguay, or the old Deys of Algiers
" Prophets and historians, less extravagant than
Curly le, have had the trick since time began of
looking at the mouarchy or the dynasty, or the
name, as the nation , and through their deceptive
writings we always see governments and dynasties,
and their tights and feuds excessively magnified
or distorted beyond their due relative importance.
Indeed we see in history but littleelse.
The real history of the race is hidden behind that
of ambitious usurpers of government, or ratherit is
totally lost for the want of historians. We know
something of Pharoah, and Nebuchadnezzar, and
Alexander, and IJiero and his wonderful servant
Archimedes; but what do we know of the F.gyp- 1
tian farmer, or the Assyrian market-man, or the
ancient Sicilian peasant / The exceptional men
have been written, but we find not the representative
men, thesampleHof the mass. So we learn from
history about as much of ancient human life as
we should now leuru of actual European life by
visiting a dozen courts, in all of which wc should
find French spoken, and costumes, morals, and
manners all cut to the Paris pattern I beg
leuve humbly to doubt whether the historical rise
and fall of potentates and empires, the development
and decadence of ancient civilizations, and
the eruptions and irruptions of barbarians, really
ever had much significance to the human race
at large. I humbly doubt, for example, whether
the dispersion of the Jews and their condemnation
to the " Old Clo" lyrics throughout the cities i
of Christendom was ever any considerable calamity
out of a narrow circle of chief priests, scribes, (
and pharisees. Pyramids have ceased to grow in
the valley of the Nile, hut corn has not. and pos- 1
sihly the latter may be more justly distributed 1
among the mouths than when the Pyramids were ]
more nourishing The historical glory of a people
may be one thing, and their solid comfort quite
another."
" Carlyle not only mistakes human nature <
itself, but he overlooks the very conditions of the
grand problem of human Bociety. Those conditions
have so changed within four hundred years,
that the whole anterior history of the race is
made indecisive, if not valueless. Possibly what
he says of universal suffrage might have been
wisely said while nine-tenths of the race were of
uecessity machines. mere beasts of burdeu, wheth- I
er l?ond or free Up to four bundled years ago,
there was nothing on which a civilization could
rest except human slavery, under one name or
another. In that day of the world's infancy?
this is only its childhood?it knew not its right
hand from its left. It knew neither the circulation
of the blood nor the pressure of the atmosphere.
It could entertain no astronomical
theory more probable than that the moon is green
cheese, the sun a broad red-hot toasting iron, and
the earth a pan-cake. It neither yoked fire aud
water, nor harnessed the lightning It had no ,
cotton factories, nor stenm horses, nor even gunpowder.
And, above all things, it had no newspapers
or printing presses. Now, given at the
egress from Noah's ark, if such egress there ever
were, the arts and sciences as they are in 1S.10,
would the history of t)ie last four thousand years
he such ns we find it ? Would there have been
Mabel aud the Pyramids, and the Pharoahs, and
Solomon, and Nebuchadnezzar, and Xerxes, and
Alexander, and that beauty, Caligula, and that
long dynasty of still greater Christian beauties
breathing at this our day out of its element in the
unfortunate Pio Nino ?"
Passing over the part devoted to Capital Punishment,
in which the inhuman and anti-Christian
doctrines of Curlyle are very effectually
handled, lye have only space for a paragraph or
two from the ??nd?Jjug pages, touching the slave
question. Speaking of the airupious bill now before
Congress for the recovery of fugitives, he
nays
' That condition of humanity, as it rises from
the brute towards the (1ml, runs away from with
an earnestness which disturbs a nation's peace,
and a bravery that defies midnight horrors, dogs,
devils, and distance, must be a false condition, and
all efforts to legalize it and eternize it must be
idU and worse. Lost labor Messrs Clay, Web- 1
?ter ami Cass your capacious brains, with all i
Princeton and Andover to back you, cannot make (
a truth of so ugly a lie, orsuocsed in contradict- (
ing the voice of your Maker, which cries aloud iu
these long night.marches hy the light of the un- '
changeable H(ar Nettle it by your soulless bills <
ami judicial array of petty postmastersGood J
Heavens' \ou might as well attempt to unset- ,
tie that star itsell by a writ of ejectment, or legislate
the multiplication table a fietion The 1
eternal congruity of thiugseauuot unhiogc itself t
at yvu/- bidding '
, NATIONAL ERA, I
"As those distinguished authorities. Snobaon,
Fotcraft, and Toad eater, laj it down in the books,
jwjtim, " slavery is a very delicate subject," 1
shal therefore approach it delicately, coolly, and
candidly, with a prayerful radeavor not to be fanatiial.
To approach it otherwise might not now,
as otce, earn a sho wer-bath of time-honored eggs, or
a plsmage of terebinthine adhesion, but it would
not he sufficiently respectful to the high authorities
aforesaid. Slavery, to give all sides fair play,
is not so great a sin as it might be. It Joes not
reverse or nullify all the Creator's laws, water
runs down hill and grass grows along with it
Corn ripens aud smiles play on the human face.
The brains develop thoughts, anJ the heart harbors
teuderness. The South, after its undisputed
sway for a century or two, is not entirely a Sahara,
nor a jungle for owls and alligators. It still
breeds men and women to glorify God. and
powerful politicians to glorify themselves, though
with nervous system* connueraruy oui 01 iuu*>.
1 am moat happy to make these a<imissions to
tny Southern brethren, whom 1 hereby assure
that I Jo not regard them ns sinners above all
men. and especially my humble and unworthy
self. As to original sins and actual transgressions,
1 could find plenty of them nearer home,
for that matter. But as distance has nothing to
do with opinions, whatever it may have to do
with duties, I shall take leave to express mine,
delicately, while I can
" The South has suffered both by the choice
of its laborers and their servitude, and where
there is sutTering there must have been more or
less sin. as a general thing, if my theology be
correct. Kude Africans, with all the liberty that
the most righteous employers and angelic over|
seers OOUiu u??e nuoW'ed tlii.li/ Would uOt ttf thi* |
day b ive made tne sunny noutn tue garoen inai i
New England. There was an economical transgression
in the original sileoti n of such laborers,
any how With such poor (jualifications and
feeble intentions to civiliie and evsngeliie them
as thi-ir importers had it was a sin to bring them
into our country. And a still greater sin was it,
when onoe hi re. to put them in the worst possible
relations to become self-directing men. And the
perilous height of sin has it been, and is it, when
they spontaneously endeavor to rise above that
base condition, and assume the control of themselves,
to force them hack. This is a sin to
which the rest sink almost into mere inexpediencies.
This is an open warfare with the Eternal,
which cannot come to good."
We cannot but hope that this timely and ex.
ceedingly readable pamphlet will be followed by
others of the same stamp. Certain we are that
all competent,judges must admit that the stalwart
Scotchman is fairly matched by his democratic
antagonist. J. O. W.
CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS IN MASSACHUSETTS.
?a ...
The late trials for members of Congress in
the 1st, 2d, and 4th districts of Massachusetts
have fesuited in the election of Samuel A Eliott,
in the ist district, by n small vote; neither the
Free Soil nor the Democratic parties cisting above
one-fifth of their usual vote In the 4th distriot,
although the I femocrats put in nomination a popular
candidate, John G. Palfrey had a plurality.
In the yd district, lately represented by Hon. D.
P. King, there woe also no choice. Upham (W.)
having votes, Kantoul, (Pern .) 2 240, John
Pierpont, (F. S ) 1.1 87, scattering, 24. The
friends of Uphara are very urgent with the Free
Soil men of the district to vote for their c&ndidate,
on the ground that he has heretofore expressed
decided views ngainst the extension of
slavery. We believe him to be indeed far safer
on this point than the successful candidate of his
pirty in the Boston district, or the opponent of
John G. Palfrey in the 1th district. Were we
a voter in the yd district, we think we would
be willing to compromise the matter, and
agree to abandon our opposition to Upham, so
soon as the Whigs of the 4th district were ready
to withdraw the candidate which they are now
obstinately pitting against Palfrey. As this reasonable
and fair proposal, however, is not likely
to find favor with the managers of the Whig
party, we trust our friends in the yd district will
stand tirin, and resist all invitations to a compromise
where the concessions must tie wholly on
their side. J. Q. W.
AMERICAN CITIES.
in tt. r? wben the first ceuaus was
taken, the cities ranked in population as follows
Philadelphia. New York, Boston,Charleston, and
Baltimore. At that period Charleston was the
4th city in sixe in the Union, and the population
was lti d.'iW, which is about three fifths of its present
numbers. Baltimore only contained 13,ouJ
inhabitants, which is less than one tenth of its
present numbers. The other cities named have
increased inequal or greater proportions. In 1800
Philadelphia was still ahead, and New York,
Baltimore, Boston, and Charleston, followed in
order. Charleston was therefore the ftth city in
importance fifty years ago. lu 1810 the same
order w is presented , but in 1820 New York had
-1 I nM.l Mau n.1a.kn<>
ruil Hltritu Ul I mumrijmin, nuu i^rn vuriuin ui
Charleston. ranking the latter tbe 6th city in importance.
In 1 8,'to the same rank was preserved
by the respective cities. But in 1840 Cincinnati,
Brooklyn, ami Albany, hail gone ahead of Cbarleston,
leaving the latter to occupy the 0th place. At
the present tiuie, enough la known of the progress
of the country in population to render it oertain
that St Louis, Louisville, Pittsburg, Rochester,
Buffalo, Troy, Lowell, Providenoe, Richmond,
Chicago, ami Milwaukie, and perhaps some other
places, have eclipsed Charleston?a city peculiarly
favored by nature, and enjoying all the blessings of
the peculiar institution in an eminent degree.
It now ranks n^ht tenth or twentttlh in the scale,
and it is actually declining in population.
New Orleans grew very rapidly until 1840, but
sinco that period it has shown symptons of decline.
In 1M7 the census was taken, when there
was actually less population than in 1840. Mobile
has shared the fate of Charleston?it is perishing
of the slave fever. Baltimore, St. Louis,
and Louisville, on the northern border of the
B'ave States, nre invigorated by the healthftil atnosphere
of Freedom. The proportion of slaves
around them is inconsiderable, and they are therefore
prosperous.
PROGRESS (IF*THE STATES,
In 1790, the States ranked as follows in population
Virginia. Pennsylvania, North Carolina,
Massachusetts, New York, Maryland, South
Carolina In 1800, New York had gone ahead
of North Carolina and Massachusetts, but in
other respects the States ranked ss before. In
IS 10, Virginia still maintain?,! the aac.endeuey ;
New York bad gone ahead of Pennsylvania, and
in other respects the order of the States was preserved
In 1 s.'(), Ohio and Kentucky had eclipsed
South Carolina and Massachusetts?in other
respects no changes. Iu ia'tO, Pennsylvania was
oi * irdinii, ,111(1 i enuc-nui- ui nn'iiu i in
olina. In 1S40, Ohio ranked above Virginia,
ami the latter, which in 17?J0 was nearly equal
in population to any two States besides, now took
the third place, and will undoubtedly be transceided
by Indiana and Illinois, in less than three
year* I Wp would respectfully suggest to the
Reform Contention which is about to assemble in
the Old Oominion. the propriety of changing the
motto of the Commonwealth. Instead of u Hu
smpr tyranny,'' it should be, u 8tf transit gloria
mi/sfi."
North Carolina, from being the third Wtute in
]>opiilation, has receded to the tenth or eleventh
place , and South Carolina, which was the sixth,
baa fallen to the sixteenth or seventeenth place.
It is to be remarked that these States?Virginia,
North and South Carolina?are not, like New
Kogland. crowded with population on the contrary.
they have less than half the number of
inhabitants to the square mile now that New
Holland contained sixty years sgo. While the
energies of the older slave States have been parnlyxcd
by slavery, the New Koglaud States, with
four times the population in proportion to territory.
have in the last ten years exhibited all the
rigor and prosperity of new communities Massachusetts
has increased in population by about
?40,00U in that period ?a number nearly equal
o the whole white population of South Carolina
tnd yet the latter State hat four times the extent
?f territory of the former.
In ten years from to-day. Michigan and Wie-1
WASHINGTON, D. C.
cousin?the latter first settled in 1836?will be |
ahead of Virginia in Federal population, If not
in the number of inhabitants!
HOI SF. OF REPRESENTATIVE#.
On Wednesday, the *^?7th, the House took up
the Texas boundary bill?commonly known as
Mr. Pearce s bill The bill is as follows :
Be it enacted by the Senate ami Home oj Rejeresentatvts
of the United States of America in ConI
tress assembled, That the following propositions
j shall he. and the same hereby are. offered to the
1 State of Texas, which when agreed to by the said
State, in an act passed t>y tne uenerai Assemniy,
shall be binding and obligatory upon the UnitAi
States, and upon the said State of Texas Provid'd,
The said agreement by the said General Assembly
shall be given on or before the first day of
December, eighteen hundred and fifiy.
Fint. The State of Texas will agree that her
boundary on the north shall commence at the
point at which the meridian it one hundred degrees
west from Greenwich is intersectel by the
parallel of thirty six degrees thirty minutes north
latitude, and shall ruu from said point due west to
the meridian of one hundred and three degrees
west from Greenwich ; thence her boundary shall
run due south to the thirty-second degree of north
latitude i thence on the siid parallel of thirty two
degrees of north latitude to the Rio Bravo del
Norte, and thence with the channel of said river
to the Gulf of Mexico.
Second. The State of Texas cedes to the United
States all her claim to territory exterior to the
! .limits and boundaries which she sgre#? ?
? -- . -*:&?3' ?/
* f1' - ' T Si V r*) inrivi,* h 1i rji I
( upon the United States tor liability oi^ne uents
of Texas, and for compensation or indemnity
for the surrender to the United States of her
shipa, forts, arsena's, custom-houses, customhouse
revenue, arms and munitions of war, and
publio buildings with their sites, which hecime
| the properly of the Uuited States at the time of
the annexation.
Fourth. The United States, in consideration of
said establishment of boundaries, cession of claim
to territory, and relinquishment of claims, will
pay to the Slate of Texas the sum of ten millions
of dollars, ic a stock bearing five per cent, interest,
and redeemable at the end of fourteen years,
the interest payable half-yearly at the Treasury
of the Unite! States.
Fifth. Iomediately after the President of the
United Stales shall have been furnished with an
authentic copy of the act of the General Assembly
of Texas accepting these propositions, he shall
cause the Hock to be issued in favor of the State
of Texas, ts provided for in the fourth article of
this agreement: Provided, also, That no more than
five millions of said stock shall be issued until
the creditors of the State holding bonds and other
oertifioateaof stock of Texas for which duties on
imports were specially pledged, shall first lile at
the Treasury of the United States releases of uli
claim agaiist the United States for or on account
of said bonds or certificates, iu such, form as shall
he prescribed by the Secretary of t"he Treasury
and approved by the President of the United
Slates : Piowletl, That nothing herein contained
shall be construed to impair or qualify anything
contained In the third article of the second seotion
of the "joint resolution for annexing Terns to the
United States,'' approved March first, eighteen
hundred tod forty-five, either, as regards the
number of States that may hereafter he formed
out of the State of Texas, or otherwise
On the suggestion of Mr. Inge, of Alabama, the
first question put was " Shall this bill be rejected
1" On this, the yeas and nays were taken,
and resulted in a vote sgainst rejection?168 to
'16. Though a majority of the House are doubtless
opposed to the bill, in ita present shape, yet
they did not wish to take the responsibility of its
rejection, before the plastic power of amendment
had been tried upon it.
At this point, Mr. Boyd, of Kentucky, moved
an amendment, consisting of iluriy-'hree sections,
by which Territorial Governments were provided
for New Mexico and Utah. The northern boundary
of New Mexico, as prescribed hy Mr. Boyd's
umendmenl, is very different from that of Mr.
Pearce's hill, and much less advantageous to New
Mexioo. Instead of extending the dividing line
between New Mexico and Texas eastward to the
western boundary of the Indian Territory, at the
100th degree of longitude from Greenwich, it
stops at the 10 )1 degree of longitude, on the 32d
degree of latitude, and then runs north to the )8th
degree of latitude, and then turns west, on 'hat
parallel, to tbs summit or the airM?Jre. This
leaves all the vast area bet ween the one hundredth
and one hundred and third degree of
and north of :)6? 30', up to the 38tb degree of latitude,
ami also between latitude 38? ami 4'.)?, excluded
from New Mexico. This amendment also
leaves the boundary of Texas, between the UHHh
ami 103d degrees of longitude unsettled; or
rather, leaves a vast region of country west of the
Indi m Territory, five and a half degrees wide,
in part, and four degrees wide for the residue,
open to the grasp of Texas. Thus it will be seen
that just as the North yields, the South urges.
On the next day, Mr. Boyd withdrew that pnrt
01 JilM HinepuniPDt wmua rrjuiws iu uiun.
Mr. Clingmun, of North Carolina, moved to
amend Mr Boyd's amendment by providing that
all that part of California which lies south of the
parallel of '!6? north latitude shall be formed into
a Territory.
Here Mr Itichardson, of Illinois, attempted to
get the floor, for the purpose, as he intimated, of
offering an amendment by which the admission of
California ns a State, should he incorporated into
the bill. This would he the broken down Omnibus,
patched and tied together again.
Amidst great confusion, the House adjourned
without taking any (question.
On Thursday, Mr. Clingman spoke in favor of
his amendment, lie said '
"The creation of a Southern Territory will 1
give the South a chance to occupy it. I frankly '
tell gentlemen that, in my opinion, slavery will !
find inducements suflicient to carry it there. |
Prom all the information that I have been able to (
obtain by private correspondence with persons
there, from publications in the papers, and from
conversations with gentlemen recently from that i
country, including members of the Legislature of i
California. I believo there are sufficient induce- c
menls to invite slave labor. Gold miues are
known to exist there. I am satisfied, also, that 1
the Delegate from Oregon |Mr. T<ii rm<in| is ?
right in saying that mines of gold and silver ex- c
jst on the waters of the Colorado and Gila rivers, j
as well at in New Mexico. Wherever gold mines
exist, especially surface, alluvial, or deposit mines,
as contradistinguished front vein mines, slave la- V
bor can be employed to the greatest advantage t
I have a right to express an opinion on this sub- t
ject, because iu my own district for a great many
years past seme one, two, or more thousand slaves ?
are employed in the gold mines. They are preferred
to white laborers generally ; being constantly
under the eye of the overseer, they can
be kept regularly and steadily at work Such is
the constitution of the negro, too, that he can re- ,
main with his feet in the water, and his head ex- ,
posed to the hottest sunshine, without injury to
his health. The mode of employing them in the '
rice fields is well known, and they thrive therein t
an occupatior wh'ch would generally be fatal to (
white men. AD(1 ' nmy a,'d, sir, that were slaves
at this time generally employed in the mines of *
California, an increased amnupt ot gold would be *
AKlainnil wifhnut fh*? f'ritrhtfnl Iiihm til liunmn lifft \
which in known to have oocurred Besides. sir, '
in addition to the inducements which the mines
Htford, southern California, to say nothing of the
unexplored valleya of the Colorado, affords ttufti- ?
cient agricultural advantages to thia species of r
labor. From its soil and climate I have little t
doubt but that it will produce sugar, cotton, rice. t
and tropical fpuita, &c."
" c
Mr Ashmun, of Massachusetts, roue to move
the previous question, when he made the follow- ~
ing remarks: (
'-I had begun to aay, Mr. Speaker, tIt a the ,
House need have no apprehensions of my having
risen to make a speech I believe that the two 1
branches of Congress and the country have heard 0
enough speeches upon all these questions in times *
past There are now two amendments to the hill t
pending; until those amendments are disposed of, t
of course none other can be offered I believe it
is tne policy of the House to proceed to dispose
of these amendments by a vote |Criea ot
"Agreed.''| I believe it la their policy to pro. {
re <1 to a vote at once, not merely tipon the
amendments, but upon the merits of the hill itself. <
i wish to say. before the motion which 1 am about 1
to make, that I intend to vote against both of J
these amendments. Put J believe that the hill |
which is before the House is one essential to the <
great interests, to ths peace and i^oiet of the f
country, and 1 desire it to be paaned, and not be
encumbered with anything else i hare further to g
sup, that thf precise bills which half fun ml the St uate
shall (if I ha re the opportunity to fire my rote up*i ^
them) receive my rote at sepnrtitt ami rhstinct meows ] 1
/ am trilling: to vote for each one of them; but ut case o
, SEPTEMBER 5, 18
they thoitld not succeed separately, I am trilling to
vole for them all ui one bill. But I do not oonsider
that the beet policy. I aui willing to rote
for this bill, the Territorial bills, the California
bill, separately or together. I beliere, howerer,
that each one of them standing by itself, separately,
on its own merits, will command more
streagth in this House Let us try at least the
strength of this bill, as it stands by itself, unencumbered
with any amendments. If it fails, we
can then try what we can do by connecting other
measures with it. And with the riew of the
Houm trying the strength of it, instead of longer
trying the Btrength of our lungs and the patience
of the House aud the country, I more the pre iotw
question."
It arill aaah thi. thai Mr Anhmiin now
declares his readiness to abandon the Proviso,
and to take the Territorial bills with an eipresa
provision that when the Territories are admitted
as States, they shall come into the Union with or
without slavery, as they shall prefer
Mr. MoClernaud, of Illinois, then moved to
commit the bill to the Committee of the Whole ou
the state of the Union.
Mr. Root, of Ohio, moved to amend the motion
to commit, by adding the following words " With
instructions so to amend the bill as to exclude slavery
from all the territory acquired from Mexioo
by the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, lying eastward
of California."
On this, Mr. Brooks of New York, Mr. A. G.
Brown of Mississippi, and Mr. Gorman of Indi?i)X
mode wA/w )be mrril luhieel of the
Texas boundary. slavery in the Territories. &c.
ills well known that there is not a more extreme
pro-slavery man in the House, nor, indeed, in the
nation, than the Hon. A. G. Brown. During the
present session, he has declared his belief that
"slavery is a moral.social, politioel, and religious
blessing." His speech on the present occasion, in
reference to the Texas boundary, the exclusion
of slavery from the Territories, by present or by
future legislation, was in strict conformity with
his previously-avowed opinions, it will, there
rore, give me liveliest nei or mis debate to say,
that Mr Brooks of Net York, and Mr Gorman
of Indiana, said everytling that even Mr Brown
could desire them to say
So fares, at Northern hands, the great question
of Human Rights, in t|e House of Representatives
of the United 8htes?a House, the vast
majority of whom weif chosen, and otherwise
could not have been chosen, for the express and
universally understood and pledged purpose of
applying the Proviso to,and excluding all possibility
of slavery from th| Territories *
VIRGIN!, CONVENTION. ..
The election in Virginia for delegates to a
State Convention to remodel the Constitution, is
said to have resulted lately in favor of the rad- I
icals. We are unable t? form an opinion as to
the nature of Virginia padicalistn, but we presume
it will not touch, of not materially change,
the basis of representafon. That basis, under
the existing Constitute, is property without
reference to population ; tnd the oonsequence is,
that the portion of the fttate east of the Blue
Ridge, with about two-fifths of the white inhabitants,
bus three-fifths <tf the representation in
both branches of the Legislature. A Convention
constituted upon the same basis, we apprehend,
will not materially change it. The right
of suffrage will probably 4e made universal, because
that arrangement catnot affect the balance
between the east and the irtat while the hasis of
representation is property.
The Convention may give the election of Governor
to the people; and, indeed, we can see no
plausible ground for withholding that right, if, as
is said, the judges, sheriffs, cltrks, &o, are to be
thus chosen.
It would be a great mitigatisn of the injustice
of the present Constitution to adopt the Federal
hasis of representation, at least for the House of
Delegates; such a change, with the rapid progress
of the western portion of the State in
wealth and population, would soon give it the ascendency
in th* Legislature. *
CRN. WILLIAM I,. CHAPLIN
We have seen It stated by a correspondent of
the New York Tribune, signing himRelf "Southerner,"
that Gen. Chaplin denies having fired
upon the officers of the law on the night of his
capture. He is said to be opposed on principle
to the shedding of blood, bio sentiments on the
subject being similar to those of the P. ace Societies.
It is proper that this fact should go before
the public, as a statement of a very opposite
character has been widely circulated, calculated
to affect him very injuriously. The writer in the
Tribune states the facts on the authority of Gen.
Chaplin himself, and, we presume, correctly. *
OREGON.
We would call attention to the " view of things
in Oregon," as presented by two correspondents
of California papers, to be found in another
column.
We have seen so many conflicting statements
relative to the value of tha' country, that it is
difficult to form a decided opinion on the subject.
We however arrive at the conclusion, that while
its soil and climate are not equal to those of the
Mississippi valley, they are nevertheless such as
to make Oregon, in oonjunction with other favorable
circumstances, aa ita gold mines, its Immense
todies of valuable timber, and Its looatlon on the
Pacific, a country of great importance, and destined
to contain a dense population, at no very
listant day.
The recently discovered gold mines in that Ter itory
will cause ita rapid settlement; and in
riew of its greater agricultural and manufacturing 1
:apabilitjes. thepe is reason to expect that it will
lot be a whit behind California jn population, in
i few yeara We should consider it a far better
ountry for a permanent abode than California, (
n every respect. The population is now perhaps
ifteen or twenty thousand, and increasing rapid- ^
y. The people, since the disoovery of the gold ,
nines in California, have done a lucrative busi- j
less in the sale of lumber and provisions to the (
[old diggers * ,
I
CANADA. ,
We hoar little now-a?iays about the annexa- '
ion of the British Provinces to the United '
States. The fever appears to have died away 1
ror the present, thongh we have no doubt of 1
he ultimate admission of those Provinces into
>ur Union as States It is impossible that a
jreit and free people like those upon our North>rn
border will for a great while submit to be
ield in leading-strings by the English nation <
rhose Provinces are now in a st?te of subjec- i
ion to the Crown aud Parliament of a country
>ne fourth their site, situated three thousand
niies off; and they have nothing to do in making
he paramount laws which they are called on
o obey. This state of inferiority will not and
mghi not to he submitted to longer than neces- 1
ity or prudence may diotate. In proportion '
these people advance in population and power (
he passion for independence frill grow upon |
hem and at the same time the relative power i
if their southern neighbors of the United Statee {
unoug the nations of the world will be greatly j
augmented, and strongly tend to embolden them |
o insist upon their rights. Ten years from <
o-day, the hold of Great Britain upon her North 1
Viuerican Provinces will be a rope of sand j
The population of the several Provinces ia at j
iresent as follows: I
ProtiHCti aiut hlamti CUitt I
ana.lt Wont . . 7.111,mi Montreal 4**17 (
auaJa Kaal J J ,UN Uoihc IT,3tif>
<ev Hr'ii.fvtek - (NO(till Nr J?bu - ir.,oiii
iuva Srolia att.UUU Halifea ?<?n 1
'rinee K.lward'e li .IHIll Turuuto / < *na.la 'OiVn I
ap? Hrer n 300110 kincoion j Wm . |S,I?|> ]
' wfituiitilaoii I(11,00) 81 Jubaa v IJ.OUO j
These Provinces onoe f^ee from Great Brit- <
in. annexation will be a matter of course in J
oining our Union they sacrifice neither iqdelendenoe
nor liberty. Thsy become the equals ,
f the Amefionn Stales, wot their subjects |
50.
LITKRARt lOTII M.
Tme I'hiutuii Parlor Maoarier. Kor July. N?w
York Wyu. Pratt. Washington: W. A<lam
This ia ? highly interesting number, and oontains
an article on the " HeroicPeriod of the
Christian History by Rer. Albert Barnea. a
poem entitled "Years" by Mrs. Sigourney, and
an amusing paper on the " Mysterious Knocking*.''
*
Address or thr Twirty Second Anniversary or the
American Prate Society. By Kay. H. L. Stone?
I'RAtor of Park strest Church, Boston. Boston : J P.
Jewctt A Co. Pp. 3t>.
ur. ... .i.j i. ? ?l. 1 "
r lire ?inu iu ore iuc ntiiTiij ouu ic?i pw
successfully presented in this address, which
characterizes this Society. Its end and aim is
" peace on earth und good will to men." The
annual Report appended to this address shows
their operations for the last year. We hare
room only for a short extract. The Secretary
says
14 Pubi.ications ?Besides the circulation of our
periodicals, our tracts, and our standard volumes,
during the year, there has been issued of Judge
Jay's Review of the Mexican War 17,000 copies,
and of Mr. Lirermore's Prize Reriew 7,000, making
in all '24 000 ; a larger number of bound rolumes
than the friends of peace hare erer before
distributed in this country. We hare the last
year published, and mostly put in circulation, an
_? >?. a;,_? ,/ >, i
1 jmmJ, ? ^'.1 ?. . I
Kkply to thi Kkmarxs of thi Kiv. Musks Stuart
on John Jat, and an examination ofhis scsirrraAL
HXXOIUS CONTAIN!!) IN HIS HUNT r A MPH LRT, ENTITLED
" CONSCIENCE AND THI CONSTITUTION." By Wm
Jay. New Yirk: J. A. Uray. Pp. 23.
Mr. Jay with his usual power and felicity of
stylo defends the memory of his distinguished
father from the assertion of Professor Stuart,
that John Jay would hare sanctioned the Rpeech
of Mr. Webster, and the views of slarery he has
himself giren in his pamphlet, "Conscience and the
Constitution." This is done br ouotations from
papers of the Anti-Slavery Society, assembled in
1785, of which Judge Jay was President. The
reply to the Professor's " exegiais" is very sharp
We hope Mr. Webster and Professor Stuart may
never have their principles pat to test, and be required
to show their "alacrity" in the pursuit of
a runaway slave. *
Rbpor*op thi Naval Committee on establishing a
line up mail steamships to the western coast op
Africa, and thbmcs via thr Miditiikamian to
London. Washington : Gideon k. Co. Hp. 7V.
This is an able report, made by Hon. Fred. P.
8\hmob,'Vtti*mtiirti of vh/ ^ommrttei or House
of Representatives on 23d July last, and presents
information connected with the present state of
trade on the coast of Africa of great interest
One fact is this, the average import of palm oil
into Liverpool for some years past has been
15,000 tous, valued at two hundred thousand
pounds sterling, *
Annual Report of thk Superintendent op Common
Schools op Connecticut to the General Assemrlv
at the Mat Session, 1850. Document No. 12. Nev
Haven: Oaborn & Balilwlti. Hp. 80 and Appendix.
This shows a state of progress which is most
noble and honorable. There is among the papers
of the appendix a paper on school architicture, a
most important subject, and which is illustrated
by a variety of plans and front and side elevations.
Nor is that first want, fresh air, overlooked
. *
Hbooressop the Northwest?an annual discourse
...... - ruu... ii.,.- u- iv.
To ikt Editor of the National Era : |
DraR Sir If (he South suppose* th%t the p
formidable army of Clay, Cam, and Webster, on a
the aide of slavery extension, produce* the alight- *
oat impremion on the sentiments. conviction*, and a>
determination of the great body of the North,
they err grossly Mr Webster's great logical t
power* may away men's judgments?never a rooted a
sentiment of the heart, which hia own eloquence r
had eerred to engrave more deeply Mia effort h
haa fallen dead Mia apologies for alavery atink V
in the nostril* of the North Gigantic aa may he ti
hia Intellect, it ia astonishing, it ia pausing at range, t!
that men of smaller ctliher, with insidious de- n
ligns. could persuade him that he cun have a corporal's
guard at the South arrayed in hia favor h
Grange infatuation in the great men at Wash- c
ington and their followers to suppose that we h
hack woodsmen do not aee through their bids for r
Southern support We undent and it wall Home J
)f ua try in our humhle way to unmask it al
From n recent vota in our Legislature, you p
may iafer that the people of Michigan would con- n
icnt to the addition of more alave Suttee to the
Union in the Ant place, the vote Was oarried a
in the Senate hy the caaling vote of the Uientcn- n
mt Governor, who waa elected iaat fall aaan an- a
i-Cass, Wilmot proviso man, and could bo* a
have beep elected on other terma. It waa carried o
hue by treachery in the Senate In the H<**ee, 01
be vote waa tveoty-four to twenty. Thara wore Y
wanty-twu a been ten many of whom, boforo tha w
VOL. IV.
people, were reputed or pledged Wilmot Proviso
men. The vaunted expression of Michigan, is
an expression of a minority of the Legislature,
obtained by treachery and deception. The truth
is, that Case and his disciples have been pouring
into Michigan all winter the moot puerile and
senseless warnings against a full and manly expression
of the peiple. They have pretended tu
believe thai the Ilninn 'l -
? HI ? IU^IT. Him me
South would secede, that the plan or a Southern
Union *u mule up, if we were not bullied iiro
submission The Legislature and the people were
flooded with all sorts of stutf c ilcult?ti>d to crea e
alarm But of one thing you may remain sure
that if any party, or auy and all combinations of
partiea
would dar? to-morrow bring before tLe I
people of this State a single candidate oo tie
plain and diatinot isane that he was in favor, ui der
any circumstances or at any ttuie, of adding
another slav^State to tbia Union, he would nc t
obtain one-^Wrth the votes. They may again
{is they have heretofore) send tools to the L-gh.
lature, under the pretence that such would be
true to the sentiments of their constituents: arm
then by the Caw jugglery, which the people begin
to understand, and by threats of vengeance fnm
the local press, may wheedle the people into th>
support of Cass for United States Senator. Bi t
I do not believe it. Really not one quarter i f
the voters of this State believe in or are inclined
to tolerate any doughfnceism, any concession, auy
compromise. * ?
VIEW OF Til I MIS n 0REU01.
Correspond*hoc of the California Courier.
? r lw, IVmi.
C.-n-w ?? oveimcu m? h? me great tirudu. 1
/tiyiiv ^' ^ " J~
there is no doubt by any who have ever seen iw
fertile valleys and magnificent waterfalls As a
lumber country, it is superior to any I ever visited,
the extent and uiugnificeuce of its tor est?, towering
almost to the clouds; aud these forests being mi
in the western part of the territory and on the
banks of the rivers, give it a peculiar advantage
in the department of commerce above all other?
Did the people of California know of the easy arcess
of those forests, and their contiguity to wt.terfslls
and navigable rivers. They would no Ion
ger have any occasion to send to the States for lumber,
for there is more in Oregon than sufficient to
build up all the citiea that are needed on the
Pacific coast. But I shall fail to give any adequate
idea of those forests; they must be seen to be re
alized.
The first emigrants who arrived in Oregon settled
in that beautiful valley, the Willamette,
which is the garden of Oregon, and I may say of
the world. The Willamette river in thf great
southern tributary of the mugnifioent Columbia
The valley through which it runs, in point of ex.
tent, richness, beauty, snd fertility, stands prominent
above all others on the great American con
tinent. The length of the valley, from north to
south, is about 2.10 miles, its width from the sum
mit of the Cascades to the summit of the oo i?t
range is about 100 miles; the width of the arable
portion of the valley is about 40 miles, and through
the centre of this eitensive valley the Wfliametie
river pursues its meandering oourse, being aug
mented by streams every tew miles, running down
from the mountain on each side, thus wateringthe
great extent of country, nnd giving it that luxurianoe
and beauty which it is impossible to desoribe.
The mountains on each side are covered
with tall pines, cedars, fir, hemlock, h:c, Stc,
which make these streams that run down their
sides invaluable, not only for supplying water to
the valley below, but for mill sites. The v illey is
about two-thirds prairie, beautifully interspersed
with timber sufficient for all fsrming purposes
No wonder that the first emigrants stopped here,
for here they could exclaim, Eureka! T he river
is navigable for steamboats about one hundred
miles, and for six months of the year about one
hundred and fifty miles above the fills of the
Willamette, where Oregon City is situated, being
about thirty miles from its mouth.
The Umpqua valley, whicb is south of the Willamette,
running east and west, is in extent equal
to about one-half, and is watered by a magnificent
river of the same name, which makes its way
through the ooaat ridge of mountain, and empties
into the sea.
This valley iscapableof sustnininga dense pop
ulation, as the farms are very rich and fertile,
particularly the river bottom There are but few
settlements, aud its extent is, as yet, not fully
known, never having been explored ouly by parties
crossing it at different points I see there is
a company organixing in this city to explore its
mouth and make a settlement, and I hope tbey will '
ascertain fully the extent and capabilities of the
magnificent valley.
If these two valleys were all that Oregon con
tained they would be enough to make out of tfcr
richest Slates in our glorious Confederacy. But
this is but a small portion of Oregon. I have said
nothing of the Columbia valley, and thai gr.at
river which rises in the Rocky Mountains, run
ning through a district of country more than a
thousand miles in extent, before it empties into the
ocean.
The advantages possessed in Oregon, as a manufacturing
country, are surpassed by none on account
of its extensive water power At Oregon
City, where the waters of the Willamette take a
perpendicular descent of about twenty-five feet,
are advantages for manufacturing purpoees fir
surpassing Rochester, New York
On the Columbia river, at the Cascades, about
130 miles from its mouth, is another favorable
point for mills, marked out by nature, where that
river takes a descent of some twelve or fifteen
feet. These two places alone will give sufficient
power to turn machinery enough for our whole
country.
But the water power is not confined to these
places; it is scattered all over that great and extensive
oountry. There is no country so well
watered, where rivers, streams, and rivulets, are
in such great abundance as Oregon, and the
position of the couutry being mountainous, all the
smaller streams of course must be rapid, consequently
producing great advantages for mills
As a mineral country, I have no doubt that Oregon
is very rich, but as yet it has never hern
examined. In this day, where nothing hut gold
will satisfy, men will not stop for minerals of less
value. That here are gold mines, there is no
question, for they are now successfully worked in
the southern portion of Oregon; how extensive
they may prove to be, remains yet to be seen The
report with regard to gold on the Columbia, in
the Spocon country, has come so authenticated,
that 1 cannot doubt it for a moment, yet I would
not vouch for it, not having seen it. But if it
ihould be true that gold is found away at the extreme
north line of the territory, I can see no
reason why the Cascade ridge should not be as
rich as the Sierra Nevada, for it is the same continned
ridge of mountain.
But we are rich enough without gold. Oregon
possesses natural elements of greatness enough to
nake her by far the greatest country on this oast,
ind I am glad to see attention beginning to turn
:bat way; towns and cities are beginning to spring
nto existence at the different prominent points on
he rivers and elsewhere; exertions are now beng
made to give there that influence and benefit
;o the country which their position demands,
ioon we shall see the majestic steamboat navigning
these noble rivers, and soon we shall see a
jity on the shores of that beautiful hiy at the
nouth of the great Columbia, whirh will give to
Ltregon what she has long needed, a seaport town
mitable for a commercial depot for that great
lountry. Americans have token hold of it in
artMl, and that is a mrtfictrnt guarantee
from the Pacific New*.
San Francisco, June 17, 1S50
None funiliar with the extent and peculiar
futures of Oregon, but must be impressed that
hree great and Important towns must neceeesriy
spring np in her midst. The first has already
ome into conaiderat' n in my last article, namely,
)regon City, at the Falls of theWillsmette The
econd is situated at the cascades of the Columbia
nd the third at the mouth of that great river,
he natural outlet for all the products of Oregon
ta Oregon City is to the great and eatendcd
alleys of the Willamette and Umpqua. so is
ascaue uiiy 10 an tn? upper valleys 01 me w?umbia.
It is situated at th*-foot of the oascides,
'here the Columbia river takes an almo?l
erpendlculsr descent of twelve or fifteen feet,
bout 130 miles from itsmoutb. and some 40 mil**
hove the mouth of the Willamette, the great
outhern tributary
This, like Oregon City, must he regarleJ as
he natural distributing and nmniifinturiug point,
nd although both the Columbia ami Willamette
ivera are navigable for sailing vessels of the
irgest site, to the oiscades on the Coluuibis, and
? Portland on t{ts Willamette, and thenoenearly
d Oregon City, yst steamboats are about to claim
heir proper province, and transact all the hnei
ess on these formidable waters
In the immediate vicinity of this place, which
as been but recently surveyed, are eitenetve
oel bads, specimens of which are now etbihited
i thin city, and by its brilliancy and specific
rarity is believed to be s superior quality. Mr
oh neon, the principal proprietor, speaks f?vor
bly of tko silent sad easy access of this imortnat
mine This adds considerably to the
npoitaaee of Ibik position
Pad fie CHy, ae the Tittle haeiirt or nucleus of
ismmsrmsl town is called, is situated at the
orthora entrance of t|ie Columbia The import
dco of this position oaa birdly be over estimated,
i the Columbia is the only feasible and natural
at)at of tko whole of Oregon, for rendering this
as seaport town to the west, what Boetou, New
ork, and Philadelphia, are to the ?>at This
iU be the more fully realised when we consider
Preeideut, William I). Gallagher. Delivered April t, 1860>
on the occasion of the commemoration of the Sixty Second
Anniversary of the first settlement of the State.
Cincinnati: H. W. Derby ft Co. Pp.
Thin in a topic fall of grand achievements and
glorious anticipations, and is here oousidered under
"facts of past progress of the Northwestern
States and the conditions of future advancement."
?
Sioonu, thb Sorceress. Hy William Meihold,author of
"the Amber Witch." NtwYork: Harper ft Brothers
W..Uingtun W Adam
This is a work founded on historical facts, connected
with the trial for witchcraft of the Lady
Canoness of Totnoranid, Sidonia von Bork, and
is full of illustration of the manners of that age
We may rely on the fidelity of the gifted author,
whose Amber Witch is considered in Germany h
modern miraole, for its truthfulness, and, as snch,
misled the most sagacious scholars of the day.
#
Kasv Lb??ons in I.andacavi Drawino For the nee of
those learning to dr?w without a teacher. Hy F. N. Otis.
New York : 1). Appleton ft Co., 2t?l Broadway. Parta I,
2, 3.
These lessons consist of lithograph plates in all
respects resembling pencil sketches, and carry on
the learner from strait lines to a series of very
pretty landscapes; and the steps are so obvious
that if these are followed, the last lesson will be
as easy to accomplish as the first. We commend
these " K isy Lessons " to the attention of parents
and teachers. ft
A Second Book in Urbbk. By John Mct'nllooh, I?. 1)., '
late ProfetAor of Aivdent language* in Dickinson College '
New York Harper A 13 rot here. Washington Franok '
Taylor.
This is the complement to the " First Book in <
Greek." published by Doctor McCulloch some
time since, and oontains the Syntax in as full a
form as is adapted to elementary instruction.
There is appended a list of Particles and Phrases,
modified from Buttman and Arnold; and, also, a
series of reading lessons wholly made fron Xenophon's
Anabasis ; the outlines of Prosody and of
the Homeric Dialect; Reading Lessons in verse ;
and a very full vocabulary It is handsomely
printed on good paper, and is a valuable addition
to works in aid of the acquisition of Greek. *
Kotrth Anni ai. Kbfobt or thi Boabd op AoairuL
tor a op th a Stats of Ohio, for 'he y*?r 1849. Print*!
by order of the Senate, January, 1850. Columhn*, O.: L.
L. Kice. 1850. Pp. qnq.
This report, made by M. L. Sullivan, JVesiient,
presents the general results of the year
ISVJ, and is accompanied by an abstract of the
prooeedings of the several County Agricultural
Societies, Professor Cowles of Oberlin College,
Essay on Agriculture and Soienoe, an " Analysis
of Indian Corn " by D. Lapham, a most important
paper, and also a paper on "advantages of
thorough cultivation" by Levi Heald of Washington
county, Ohio. Nothing cm give a better
idle of the sagacity and success of the farmers of
that intelligent State than the report affords. It
is indeed a noble State, worthy of the leadership
sf the West. f
t
nlw osammar fob (jsrmana to main tub kmbLINH |
I.AMBVAnft. By P. W?nd? New York D Appletoo k <j
Co. Washington: K.FBrubam Pp 599. (
This Grammar is after the method of Ollen
dor/, which has been so well received in this ^
sountry. f
yiiniiiiii I