New national era. [volume], March 16, 1871, Image 1

About New national era. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1870-1874

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the new national era,
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EVWttY THURSDAY MORNING
At \%M?ljlN?ton fitf, U. C.
HEW NATIONAL KRA NUILDINU. 415 11T11 UTEKKT.
KK KDEUICK 1 H)l TO LiA SS,
editor axd runusnr.r.
LEWIS II. DOUGLASS. Assistant Editor.
CHARLES W. DENISON, Cor. Editor.
Plirn or Si Sirifrl* copiiMi, $2.60 p?-r year;
Are c<?pi?*? for $10. payablo in h>1vhbc?.
Akncm: KK KDKIilCK uol'tiLAKK,
l.<? k 1 mt\ SI, >V;uthl!lfitoD, I). C.
Ku-Kluxism!
Hel?orf of the Senate Committee
on Ouiram'H in (lie South.
Efarilliig l)rvfl?|imriit? ??f Crimr In Kuril)
_ CariilliiH.
The select committee of the Senate to investigate
alleged outrage's in the Southern States
on Friday submitted a report, signed by Messrs.
S? ott. Chandler, Wilson, lvioe, and Nye. After
referring to the manner in which the report
originated, the committee say :
In prosecuting their inquiries, they desired
to have before them the representatives of all
shades of political opinion, so that not only in
the report of the committee, but especially in
the testimony of the ,v itnesses, the public vrould
have the means of judging as to the true condition
of things existing in the State, the causes
which have led to it. and who are responsible
for its existence or continuance. Accordingly
they sent for. and up to this time have examined,
State and Federal judges, prosecuting
ofJii-crs, political editors, ministers of the (Jospel.
private oil /'Mis. both white and colored,
memWr* of what is popularly known as the
ku Klux Klan. magistrates, constables, memlw>rs
of the bar. mcu who have l?een scourged
and abused by bands of men in disguise, and
indeed all classes of persons from whom it was
reasonable to expect such testimony could be
elicited as would form tae basis of a reliable
judgment upon the subject of inquiry.
In sending for such witnesses we bad of
necessity to be guided bv the local knowledge
of tlm;<e better acquainted with the State than
are the members of the committee. And as the
inquiry, in the very terms of the resolution,
necessarily involved political party feeling, it
was due to candor and justice that witnesses
should be summoned who were designated by
the minority of the committee, as well as those
suggested by the majority; ami so tar all such
have been summoned, and, as far as time perl...vu
Imon ovitminixl Of flu. fifk-.tun
witness*** examined, it will be found that twentynine
an- members of the Republican or Radical
party, and twenty-one are members of the
1 democratic or Conservative party. One wit
iiess, a minister, did not state what were his
party relations, and another stated lie had
formed no party connection. In the twentyone
ranked as members of the Democratic or
Conservative party, are six members of the
Ku-Klux K!an, four of whom were summoued
because of the belief, from previous developments.
that they could and would reveal the
ex istence and objects of the organization. The
other two were summoned at the instance of
the minority of the committee to show their
ill-treatment while prisoners in the custody of
the State militia ; and. upon their examination,
acknowledged that they were members of the
order.
The Union Tongue was introduced in North
Carolina in the latter part of 13S67. There in
no doubt it was ft secret political organization
in th?; interests of the Repnblieau party, but it
is equally clear that its purposes were publicly
avowed. There was also another organization
known as the '* Heroes of America" or " lied
{Strings," formed at the close of the war, its
purpose being to secure adherence to the Constitution
of the United States aud the restoration
of the Union. Referring to the Union
league, the committee says: That no violence
was cither directed or countenanced is manliest
throughout all the testimony.
The ku Klux Klan was instituted in North
Carolina in IShS. The testimony of .lames K.
Hoyd. a respectable citizen of AIitmamv county,
is given at length, lie joined the Klan in
November. 1868. lie testified as to the char-1
ai-ter of the oath, the signs, the disguise, Ac.
No raids were made unless it had been unani- |
iTiou^ly agreed to at a regular meeting of the
Klan. He joined the White Brotherhood in
t'iraham. Alam.inee county, in November, 1868;
the <>atli, the substance of which Wfts given by
Mr. i oyd, is a- follows :
' Von solemnly swear in the presence of
Almighty <?otl that you will never reveal the
name ?' the person w ho initiated you ; and that
you will never reveal what is now about to
come to your knowledge ; and that you are not
now a luetnber of the Red String Order, Union
Ijcagne. Heroes of America, Urand Army of
tlie Republic, or any other organization whose
aim and intention is to destroy the rights of
the South, or of the States, or of the people, or
to elevate the negro to a political equality with
yourself; and that you are opposed to all such
principles. So help you hod.
44 You further s\vear betorc Almighty tiod
that you will be true to the principles of this
brotherhood and the members thereof; and that
yi?u will never reveal any of the secrete, orders,
acts, or edicts, and that you will never make
known to any person, not a known menil?er of
tins brotherhood, that you are a member yourself,
or who arc members ; and that you will
never assist in initiating, or allow to be inliated,
if you can prevent it, any one belonging
to the lied String Order, Union la^ague, Heroes
of America, tlraiid Ariuy of the llepublie, or
any one holding radical views or opinions ; and
xhould any member of this brotherhood, or
their families, be in danger, you will inform
them of their danger, and, if necessary, you
will go to their assistance ; ami that you will
oppose all Radicals arid uvgrocs in all of their
political designs; and that should any Radical
or negro impose on. abuse, or injure any meml?er
of this brotherhood, you will assist in
punishing him in any manner the camp may
direct. .
"You further swear that you will obey all
calls and summonses of the chcif of your camp
or brotherhood, should it be iu your power so
to do.
"Liiveii upon this, your obligation, that you
will ne\er give the word of distress unless you
are. in gnat need of assistance; aud should
you hear it given by any brother, you will go
to his or their assistance ; and should any member
reveal any of the secrets, acts, orders, or
.xliets of the brotherhood, you will assist in
punishing htm in any way the cainp may direct
or approve of. 'SoheJpyou tiod."
i H itiiess proceeded. The disguise prescribed
by the order was a loug wlwte gown and a mask
over the lace; counties were divided into districts,
and each district was a camp, under the
command of a captain ; the whole county constituted
a Klan, under the command of a chief.
No raid was to he made or ;>ersou punished
unless unanimously agreed to. The sign of
recognition was by sliding the right hand down
I along the opposite lappel of the coat: the word
I of distress was "Mulch there were other
I ' signs, in a raid the plan was for a distant
I cauip, in order the better to avoid detection ;
I one ;?er?oiL was allowed to speak on a raid; life
I would be taken when ordered ; tbe punishment
I for disregarding the eulh was death ; members
I were bouud to protect each idher at any risk in
I tbe jury-box or elsewhere. Witness knew of
I tbe hanging of a colored man named Oulland
I in Alamance; he was a good citizen. and his
I only tdl'ence Was that of being a leader among
I bis race ; there are between t??"M and 7<R) uieittI
In-rs of the organization in Alamance; the
1 voting population is about 1,800; witness w;is
1 a 1 h-moeral tccandidate for the legislature. and
I was the second man arrested by t'ol. Kirk.
I .Since the appearance of Col. Kirk the spirit ot
I the organisation is broken in Aluinaiice.
I truest ion. What is your knowledge of tbe
I object and extent of tins organization through
I . ou; 1 he DtH . ^
I Answer. 1 can only state from hearsay?
I what I have heard from members of the orgnnI
lzaliou. (tie number of the mem tiers al the
I orgamtatiou u supposed to be 40,000. Their
I object was the overthrow ot the reconstruction
I jhi uy o ongreaa and the dinfraiichiseuieut of
1 i * i' ^71 U rt* ar* tWo other organizations
I bwdea that of the White Brotherhood. as I
I said Itclore. I was a lull member of one of
I them, and partly a member of the other. 1
I cannot say that I considered myself re,illy u
I member ol the other. <>i,e organization wm,
1 called the Invisible huipire. There m another
1 organi/.ation which rather superseded the
j White Brotherhood iu my county, after it bad
N E V
VOL. II.?Na 1Q.}
trone (in for some time, called ttio Constitutional r
Union (iuurd*, whose oaths and manner of ope- i c
ration were about the same. There was very 1 c
little difference: some change in the signs, i I
The sign of recognition was by crossing the t
hand on the breast. t
Question. What extent of means was to he v
used to influence electious?
Answer. We can only judge of that by the t
manner in which the organization has operated , e
to influence elections by riding around in the , l
night-time, disguised, to the houses of the poor i
white men and negroes, and informing them j o
I that if they went to the election such and sue h d
would be their fate?proceedings of that kind ; j 1
and by whipping, and, at the same time, in- t
forming them that a part, at least, of their o
offense was having voted the Republican e
;..i
Witness further testified to the drowning of f
a colored man by the Ru Klux, nod that about a
l."?0 persons hud been whipped by them in t
the county within two years, and that pre- t
vious to the organization there were no out- e
rages eoniHiittea; that a majority of the mem h
bers are Confederate soldiers. Witness knew
of one attempt to murder .Senator Shofluer. v
who was subsequently strangled : his death was v
decreed. i <
The testimony of this w itness is confirmed j e
by others. ?
A long list of outrages is given, and the j /
testimony shows that the victims of the out- | a
rapes were members of the Republican party. : h
Judges Settle, H rooks, Henry, liussell, ) v
Battle, as well as members of the bar belong- c
ing to both political organisations, say that it s
is impossible tor the civil authorities to punish ' v
the persons guilty of the outrages committed, li
The committee say the testimony clearly estab- e
lishes? v
First. That the Ku-klux organization does
exist, lias a political purpose. is composed ot v
members of the Democratic or Conservative v
party, lias sought to carry out its purpose by ]'
murders, whippings, intimidations, and vio a
n .rnmot ilo ant mtionfe VI
.V..^ .v~ wrr .,vu??. . , . |
Second. That it not ouly binds Us members j h
to carry out decrees of crime, but protects o
them against conviction and punishment ; first,
by disguise and secrecy; second, by perjury, d
if necessary, upon the witness-stand and in the ; \
jury-box. i h
'i'hiru. That of all the offenders against the I c
law in this order (and they must be many n
hundreds, if not thousands, because these i
crimes are shown to be committed by organ- t
ized bauds ranging from ten up to seventy five)
not one has yet been convicted in the whole a
State. t
Such being thestate of affairs, it is surely not f
necessary that the committee should argue the a
insufficiency of the reasons given for establish- a
ing an order which has led to such results, i a
Whatever may have beea the original purpose t
of the ku-Klux, or the offenses of those to
counteract whom they allege the order was t
established, it now has gone so far as to pre- L
sent the issue between government and anarchy;
And, if it has not reached it, is fast approaching
the point where in that issue there can be
no neutrals. With such an army of criminals
at large, with no power in the State tribunals 1
to bring them to justice ; with their organization,
oaths, and secrecy, baiiling and defying
all the appliances of the law, and bringing them
to each other's aid; with the consciousness t
that they uuufber enough to tarn the scale of
political power in favor of the party with which I
they act, so long us their violence and intiini- >
datiou arc successf ul against those whom they *
oppose ; with these facts in view, he must have t
a credulous nature w ho believes that any teni- e
porary lull in the activity of such an agency
at once of crime and of power, imports con- *
turned security to those who must become 1
either victims of their crime or submissive *
suppliants to their power.
The testimony taken covers a large number n
ol the counties of the State, hut not all. The t
time intervening between the appointment of '
the committee and the close of the session has j
not enabled us to examine all the witnesses we t
! have summoned and who were in attendance. |
the peudeney of the impeachment trial at '
U.^eigh has rendered it impossible to bring '
from there the chief justice and other witnesses '
whom we deemed it important to have before I
us; but the testimony of so many of the jtnli- >
! cial officers of the .State us we have taken can !
j leave no doubt that, as against the violence of j 1
j this ku-klux organization, the authorities of I
the State can not secure to its citizens "life, '
1 liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." <
The resolutions do not charge the committee |
wtlb the duty of examining into the power of <
Cougn-tw to afford a remedy fur so great a de- s
privation of their rights suffered by citizens ol '
the I nited States, under the government of a '
I State. They have discharged their duty in rc!
uyrtiug the tacts so. iur as theL- investigations 1
iiave i?uubfod them do so, and in the light of 1
these fiu-Ls whether any and what remedy can 1
!???& .hunt l> M/ to the deliberations of .
Congress to deter mi ne. . .
Wlnle engaged in prosecuting . c ,n'Juiry i
to North Carolina many communication.-. aNC J (
beeu received calling lor examination into ,.
outrages ol similar character to those com- *
plained of in that State, which have been com- t
mitted before and since the committee was t
organized, by bands of men in disguise in *
other States. Complaint is made that within t
the last two weeks the capital of Kentucky *
was entered in the night by a body of meii |
armed and masked, who proceeded.to the jail. I <
took possession of it, set at liberty a man ! a
charged with murder, and then rode away un- ?
molested. Shortly before that the jail at c
Union, South Carolina, was entered and ten 1
prisoners tukeu out and killed. Like coin- u
plaints of murder, scourgiug, and violence,
without redress, and demands for investigu- r
lion and the protecting arm of the Government c
against these lawless marauders, have been 1
forwarded from tne Slates of South Carolina, 1 i
Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisi- t
ana, Virginia, Kentucky, Texas, and Tenncs- >
see. Into none of these could the committee , 1
examine, considering it better to pursue our ! s
inquiry to completion, if possible, in one State, 1 i
; rather than take partial and disjointed state- i
inents as to all, and leaving to the Senate the |
determination of whether the public interests ; t
require this investigation to be pursued 1
further. ?
I'
TlftK niNOKlVV KKPIUIT. ,
Senators Hlair and Bayard, constituting a <
minority of the committee, tiud themselves un i
able to agree with the majority, and present I
their views at length. j t
They say : It will appear that the resolution j i
under which the special committee was ap- j c
pointed was founded on the reports transmitted i
as aforesaid hy the President.
Instantly upon their appointment the coin- t
mittce organized, an?l proceeded without delay t
to examine witnesses, who were apparently iu i
waiting in the city of Washington, to wit : the i
sou of Governor lloldeu, Colonel George W. t
Kirk, and Bergen, his lieleuant colonel. f
The minority *'protest in the name and un- >
1__ . 1? i: ? ? e -
urr me urnlutnuii-H oi me constitution of the I
United State* against any and all action of an i
inquisitorial character into the internal and ?.
domestic ailairs ot any oi the Stated, or any >
attempt by Congress or the Kxecutive to in i
terfere with the State governments or citizeus i
individually us to matter* not cognisable by ?
the Federal lioveruuieut under the Coustitulion."
<
At the head ?>f this conspiracy plainly stands t
: Wiu. W. iloldeu, the Governor of North Oaro- |
: lina, and now undergoing trial by process of :
: iiupvuchiuvul for high misdemeanors and gross 1 i
. abuses of his ofliciui power.
The two Senators from North Carolina (Ah- 1
butt and Pool) have efliiieutiy Hided it. J
Joseph W. Iloldeu, the son and accomplice ?
of Gov. W. W. iloldeu, he.;uis the. list, and even i
his testimony is almost entirely hearsay in its I
nature, and inadmirsahle in courts of justice. ?
George W. Kirk and (?< urge B. Bergen come i
upon the scene ; and to tin- undcrAgned there I
seems a strange insensibility to the opinions ol t
mankind in ttie production of two such atro- *
cious characters in the rule of witnesses in this i
case. The testimony discloses their absolute i
denial of having insulted or maltreated their i
prisoners in any way ; and their perjury 111 : <
I these statements is fully proven by the lesti- i
' ruony of Lucieu II. Murray, Mr. Kerr, Mr. t
burner, ami others, who wore their prisoners, i
The minority ray that it will be seen from I
the above statement* that there ha* been uo i
' . " '. -T
Vis A
WASHING'
esistnnce to the execution of the process uf the
ourts?no obstructions to officers in the exeriso
of their functions. He (referring to (Jov.
loldon) meditated his roup ti'rfaf. He called
he President to his assistance, who dispatched
he troops of the I nited .States to sustain this
worthless juiscreant and conspirator in power.
It will he observed that the testimony con- ,
ained*in the reports of the I nited States others
sent into North Carolina by the President,
ipon the application of tiovernor lloldcn, are
inanimouslv in contradiction of the existence
if any "organized bodies of disloyal and evil- I
lisposed persons in the Slate of North Caroina.
which have t?i view or threaten resistance
o the action of the laws of the l nited States,
ir denial to the citizen's of the United States
?|ual protection of the laws,* Are.
The minority say tl?o concurrent, testimony i
rom the United States oflicers ought, aionc, 1
lid of iis own force, to satisfy the Senate and
be country how little foundation there is l'<?r i
he charge, of organized resistance to the t'lov- i
mn,in< ... itu luivs Hi flij. St itc lit \ nrt h ( 'aril
inn.
An examination of this mass of testimony
kill disclose tin' fact that no outrages are pro- ;
en to have occurred in more than six or eight
ounties. all of which are tunned, .and of those
ounties Alnraanee and Caswell were ebietty
lleged to be the scenes of sueh lawlessness. ;
Lnd yet the chief sufferer?otic Caswell Holt,
colored man, who was most cruelly beaten j
y a band of disunited ntcn and subsequently ,
rounded severely? was brought before the
onmiittec to recount his sufferings. Mis per-j
onal knowledge of all the cases in that eouuty j
ras limited to six, and four of these outrages
iad been committed by a band of disguised
olorcd men, whose leader confessed it to Casrell.
The number of these outrages, detestable and
ricked as they are, is nevertheless grossly and
rildly exaggerated, and yet it is proposed to etn
iloy violent and stringent measures to coercion
ml repression to nine-tenths of a State against
rhieh no breath of evidence ot proof of law- \
pssness has ever been adduced. What cause
an be alleged ?
It aggressive laws are to be enacted, let all
lisguise be cast oil', and the true reason avowed. I
Vc uver that in the luce of such wrongs as )
lave been inflicted upon our unfortunate and
rushed people, no example of equal subuissiveness
and patient endurance can be found
n history us is now presented by the people of
he State of North Carolina.
This is the truth in a nutshell: that Holden
ml his official supporters have failed to niuiuain
themselves by any means?foul as well as
air?in their State ; and now Congress is
>ked to step in and force North Carolina down
gain under the feet of her Mudical masters ;
ind we fear that Congress will attempt to do
his unwise and wicked thing.
Will the people of the North (free as yet) see
his thing done and sustain its promoters? We
lope not; we pray not.
\egio Testimony in Kentucky.
Do Recent Ku-Klox .lull Delivery Strong
A<t?lre*? from u Comity Jml;rs Kltiet of
Ueiij Injj .Vcgro Testimony on I lie Wlitlc.
Judge ITyor, of Frankfort, Ky., addressed
lie t j rand Jury of Frankfort county, on the
!7th ultimo, in regard to the recent defiance of J
aw by a band of armed men, who rescued the I
nurderer of a negro from jail. Several pas !
ages of his address are of interest as showing ;
lie present bearing of Kentucky laws. He I
laid:
When you adjourned on last. Thursday you
vere engaged m the investigation of the ease of
ho Coiimii nwealtli against ?Sc.roggins charged
% itli the murder of si negro man in your county, i
\ few nights since, us I am credibly informed,
i large nuinl?or of armed men entered y?tur
own about midnight, or shortly after, and by
dree rescued tli^ prisoner from the county
ail. The object they had in \iew win- either
o set him at 111M-rty or to inllict upon hint such
ainishiiient as, in their midnight deliberations,
hey might think right and proper. I am satisied
their only object was to relieve the prisoner
rum a prosecution. ;ttid to set. at defiance the
aws of the land. This unexpected and flagrant
notation of law had its origin, doubtless, from
he determined purpose ot these armed men
hat no white uuiii should he punished by the
Yderal court upon the testimony of negroes
or the violation of any law. The constitution
>f the State of Kentucky, or the bill of rights,
rovides that every man charged with the
aiinmission of a criminal offense shall have a
ipeedy trial by a jury of the vicinage?that is,
?y a jury of the county where the offense is
taid to have been committed. This constitutional
right the prisoner, as was apprehended
>y some, would be deprived of, for the reason
that negro testimony would not be admitted
igainst him in tins court. Your body has
refused to find an indictment against him, for
the reason that you rejected the testimony of
die negro, and had no other evidence upon
n mi 11 i*? uiioc it. i 11 m ucnun un Jfuur |>ai t in
iiistificd for the reason that this court, by an
instruction, excluded that class oi tes
jxprti. i,, from your consideration. As
liuony entire,the ofTenso, there
o his having comm. *ninds of nny
leeuis to be but little doubt in im . m?fR
vbo are at all conversant with the facts,
vceused himself, by his counsel, during the
)repress of your investigation, appealed to this
ourt to permit him, by consent of record, to
igree Jt.hat such testimony might be admitted
ipon the final trial of his case. I could not, of
ourse, make any agreement with a prisoner or
lis counsel when no indictment had been found
tgainst him.
In view of these appeals from the prisoner,
ind my great desire to have his trial where the
^institution of his .State guaranteed it should
>e, upon consultation with an able lawyer, now
u the Legislature, a bill was drafted to enable
lie courts of this State to receive such testinony
upon the trial of all causes where the
?arty, by his consent of record, agreed that it
tiouJd be admitted. This bill, which 1 give
n substance, has met with opposition. As to
ts constitutionality I have no doubt. The
lassage of this law 1 looked to at the time the
use was referred back to the grand jury.
Whether it will pass or not 1 am unable to
lay ; but if it does not, the constitutional rights
>f the citizen cannot be enforced by this or any
Dther State court, and he is left without judicial
or legislative protection, against the encroachment
of Federal power. The law of
tveutuoky now is that no negro or mulatto shall
estil'y against a white person, Ac. This law
s plain and explicit, and leaves no room for
lonstruction. A judge of the State courts cunlOt,
in my opinion, decide otherwise than to
ixclude such testimony. It is true theConstiutiou
of the United IStates makes the negro a
iii/.cn, and confers upon him the rights of a
itizen ; but the right to testify, as it is called,
s a misnomer. No man has a right to testify,
llher by the Federal or State Constitution, or
>y Federal or Suite laws. No one euu be a
witness in any case of hits own will, or assert
lis right to testify in any court of justice. It
s not like the right to sue or the right of fran
:hise. These are rights unquestioned, and of
vhich no citizen cau be deprived. To testily
s an obligation or duty imposed by law; and,
nstead of being exercised as a right., nearly
very man testifies because he is made to do so.
The emancipation of the negro, with the
onstitutioual .amendments, confers upon kiln
die right to contract, own, sell, and dispose of
;>ropertv, real and personal; the right to sue in
ill cases where the white man can sue, and
ilso to exercise the right of franchise itself.
1'hese rights are all conceded to him by the
cgislative and judicial departments ul our
Mate government; but to testily, a mere in
ident of the right to sue, is denied him. That
which does not amount to a right is denied
inn, and ail the rights pertaining to the citizen
guaranteed him. A negro may bring his
lotion in the State court against one of your
jody ; he may claim thousands of dollars i?
1 milages. When the ease is called for trial
iiul ilie negro's testimony is excluded, his case
s transferred to the Federal court. Now, who
S deprived of rights in this instance ? The
white man is, because he is entitled to have his
rase tried where it is brought ; and this right
s only denied him, but there is coupled with
die transler of the case expenses and cost
marly always exceeding the amount in litigalion.
It will not do to say that this is all the
result of Congress legislation?what has been
rrj( )>
11
TON, 1). C.. THURSDAY, MAKCI
done cannot be avoided. We must leci'slate
with a view to our present condition, and in
cum it i" auvanee me interest anu welfare
of our people. No persons in any Slate or
can n try nre letter ijualiftrd to judge of ami
weigh tin* testimony of negroes than Kentucky i
jurors. No harm ,au possibly arise from it. ;
, An ignorant, illiterate negro in the witness l?ox,
with a lie in li!8 louth, will at onee ho detected
hy judges, jurors, and lawyers. AVe give the
negro the right to sue the white man in our
State courts, when we know that this proceed- i
ing enables him to carry the case to the Fed- I
oral court. N\ c permit a w hite man to he indicted
for killing a negro when we know the
ease will go to the Federal court for the same j
crime. We permit these suit- and indictments j
when we know the judges will exclude the
testimony, and subject themselves to tine and
imprisonment, and the result is the judge and
the white man are lodged in jail, and the negro
left in the court-room to testify Who. then, is
deprived of rights?the white man or the
negro? It will not do to say that the negro
shall not sue. or that it is no felony to kill one.
No man. however extreme his views may he on
this subject, would favor such a law or admit
the power of the Legislature to enact spek a
law. Then how are all these eights to he
secured to the white man ? It can he answered
at onee. and that is. by repealing the law prohibiting
the negro from testifying. To refuseto
pass the law is to have every judge in Kentucky
ott the beach, and v-'st in the Federal
courts or the country all the jurisdiction in
/mntrnvorsios between the white mnn nn,l t It.? I
negro. It is the duty of tin* State government i
to protect its citizens. This protection can- ;
not he given except by wise legislative action ;
on the subject.
The refusal of this court to permit the negro |
to testify in the case of Seroggins was, 1 have i
no douht. the real eause of the appearance of
these midnight .judges at your county jail. I
could not admit it conscientiously, for, as judge, 1
had no power to repeal the State law on the
subject of testimony. The only alternative
left me, after your investigat ions had concluded,
was to hand iiim over to the Federal authorities
; but it seems that the jurisdiction of that
court over the crime, as well as the State
courts, is to be determined by an unlawful
organization, brought into existence far the
purpose of violating the laws with impunity, !
relieving bad men from punishment. If these
secret, masked courts are to be held, and tucn
taken from our county jails at their will and
pleasure, and at the risk of the lives of all who
resist them, we had as well tear down our temples
of justice and place our lives, liberty, and
property in their hands. There is no excuse,
justification, or palliation for such conduct,
and brave men would scorn to engage in it.
Some one or two negroes have been shot down
in my district by armed men in disguise.
White men have been lacerated with the lash
under the judgment of these courts--a deed as
dark as the covering that hides their faces
r ii-. ... jl* i_ _ T' i
irein tue vieum s view. uuugmeni is pro
nounced at the silent hour of night by a judge
whose judgment is either executed by a rope
around the neck or the lash upon the hack.
Humanity revolts at it. I'ubiie sentiment,
with the aid of the legislature and courts,
alone can check it. The negroes 1 allude to
were killed because they were summoned as
witnesses in the Federal courts. and were not '
allowed to testify at home. This man was
i taken from your jail because the negro was not
allowed to testily against him in this court,
j I'here .should he no excuse for such an organi|
/.at ion ; in my judgment there is none now,
| and never can be.
"
Tin* mill Jti<> I. S. Mail
in keiilueli) 1 Colored Hail
Agent Threatened.
11.. ?!5.-vi!! C>>r. of tlio Con inii.iti
About five weeks ago, Mr. Gibson, a colored
mail ag? ut, was plu? d in < barge of the Fluted
States mail on the Louisville, Frankfort, and
Lexington Itailmad. On his second trip he
was attacked at North Benson, a station only
a few miles west ol Franktort, by a hand of
armed men, one ol whom entered the mail-ear,
grappled with the agent, and tried to eject him
from the ear. In this he did not succeed, however.
ami after beating the agent over the head,
jumped from the ear. Threats were made that
if Gibson returned to that section in the capacity
of mail agent In* would he summarily
dealt with, < hi the following day the Superin
teudent of the Mail Service of this district,
placed Col. Green, a white man, in Gibson's
place, but in a day or two Gibson was returned
to the route with a squad of ten Fnitod States
soldiers, armed and equipped, as a body-guard. !
Since that tune I?ibsoti lias continued in charge
of the mail between Lexington and Louisville,
the soldiers accompanying him every day.
Yesterday it was rumored in Frankfort and
vicinity that another attack would be made
i upon the mail agent today, by a party strong
j enough to "clean out the agent and his bodyj
guard." The rumor gained credence, and Gen.
K. H. Murray, United States Marshal for Kentucky,
who was in Frankfort last night, telegraphed
the fact to Col. Markiand, Superintendent
of the Mail Service, suggesting that a
strong guard be placed upon the train to-day.
1 Colonel Marklaud, by the authority of the i
i t ",t?r General, ordered the mail diseon
1 ostma. ulltil further orders. So
tinucd on that rou. time this mornthe
train went out at the usu.. j
tng, but without the colored agent u?
guard, or the mail for the people living along
the line. This arrangement leaves Frankfort
without any mail facilities either from Louisville
or Lexington, except by old roundabout
stage-coach routes. It is c< needed that this
wilt bring the Legislature and the citizens to
their senses as quick as any other practicable
j plan. It is a matter of regretthat the mail from
i Louisville to Frankfort can be sent daily by
i way of Shelbyville, on the stage, but other
towns between Lagrange and Lexington will
tie less fortunate. The train troin Louisville
to Frankfort yesterday was boarded at Bagdad
by three men, who were evidently members of
the gang which was to make the assault to-day.
They were perfect ruffians in their appearance
and behavior, and were unreserved in their
| denunciations of the Government. They
i 1 1 l xv n- v l * . _ I .. *1.
j uiirraiifu iur imvi^ aim uiiit-rwusc unt-iuu
insults to passengers on the train. They got
oil' ut North Hen son. the scene of the former
attack on (hliHon. It is stated on good authority
that the same bind of men who fe
I leased Scroggins were in Frankfort last night,
j ready for any duty, aud that the fact was
known to the citizens and authorities; yet
j nothing was done to prevent them from carry'
ing out their evil designs.
[From tho Loui*vill?? Courier-Journal, March 0.]
The statement made in Sunday's CourierJournal
to the effect that Capt. C. (J. (Jreen had
l>een appointed mail agent in place of (iihson,
who declined to run the Ku-klux gauntlet on
the Louisville and Lexington route, was based
on information which was, to say the least of
it. premature. The service, on that route was
suspended in accordance with orders from the
Post Olliee Department, and uo one in this city
, has authority to order its resumption or till the
i vacancy in the route agency. It will be remembered
that a Kii-Mux raid was made on the
mail-train at North Heu-on station some time
in January, with an apparent intention to commit
such violence on the colored route agent as
would put him out of the way or frighten him
into resigning his position. A guard of regular
soldiers was detailed to protect him in subsequent
trips, but threatening demonstrations
and rumors at last assumed suc h alarming proportions
that on Thursday last he resigned, and
refused to take any lurther risks in the service.
The route was then discontinued in accordance
with the following act of Congress bearing on
! this subject;
" He il enacted by the Semite mid House of
Jiej)resentativts of the Untied Mtates <f America
in Conyress assembled, That whenever, iu
the opinion of the l'ostuiuster tieneral, the
postal service cannot he safely continued, or
the post ofliee revenue collected, or the postal
laws maintained, on any post route, by reason
of any cause whatsoever, the Postmaster Cleueral
is hereby authorized to discontinue the
j postal service on suck route, or any part
thereof, and any post office thereon, till the
same can be safely restored, uud shall rej?ort
j bis action to Congress.''
i Approved February "J3, I8bl.
A | i
I 16, 1871.
For the present we are not prepared to say
how long this suspension will last. It will impose
itreat luconveuience on thousands of law abiding
people surrounding the various way
stations between here and Lexington. aThl will
not at ail reach the dignity of" a punishirent
upon the cowardly scoundrels wh>se lawless
threats have caused it. The probability "'sthat
they have no use for mail facilities. Hut while
we are sorry to see the United States (io\eminent
discommoding the innocent multitude iu
a vain clfort to punish the guilty j,.w. we are
not at all disposed to relieve our own State
government from a share in the responsibility
for this state of things, tiibson. the same colored
mail agent who has boon driven from the
Lexington route, served for months on Hie
l.ehauoii route, and. though that route lay
through 1 democratic counties, there was not the
slightest symptom of disorderly or unseemly
n? nit* n|iiu'Hran(T 01 :i nt'pro :i>
in.til agent. That such opposition has shown
itself with impunity on tho Lexington route,
and that tin* Legislature has made no serious
attempt to render such su-U as the North lienson
raid dangerous to the perpetrators, is eertainly
to he deplored. Hut there is room to
hope that the evil will finally work out it>-own
remedy. Their success against the United
States Government, and the encouragement
they derive from the non-action of the State
legislature, will at last encourage these gallows-birds
to add to their lowly victims some
promuieut citizen whose murder will arouse
the whole State to vengeance. They have already
made threats against some of the best
men in the Legislature, and unless that body
awakes to its duty there will soon be a startling
culmination to these outrages.
Governor Scott has called upon the President
for United States troops to suppress outrages
in the counties of I men and York, in
South Carolina, w here he reports that men are
murdered or driven from their hoims nightly,
because of their political opinion. Governor
Seott informs the President that there is no
sullicientiy armed and equipped militia to give
the ueeded protection, and that if he did have
at his disposal u competent militia force, there
are uo funds in the State treasury to t^Vport
and subsist them, lie says that it is not. just
or reasonable in the Government to expect
him, with the limited military resources of the
State, to successfully meet in the field the
trained soldiers who held the United Stntss at
bay for four years, and often achieved signal
triumphs over its best armies ; and that to
expect this of him is to imitate the Kgvotian
system, with a most grievous improvement,
requiring the making of bricks with neither
straw nor clay. He states that tho Ku-kluv,
that were formerly thought to be a mere politi
cal ghoul, a bloody spectre, conjured up for
party purposes, is now a terrible fact, an armed
organization, thoroughly equipped, having its
field, stall', and line officers, and established
lines of communication, lie says that if Congress
will pass an act guaranteeing the State a
full reimbursement for moneys expended in
suppressing domestic violence. South Carolina
can then obtain the necessary credit to mobilize
her militia, and sustain thwui in the tield.
Nothing but a permanent garrison in the di.,
affected sections will give the protection to the
men who arc threatened with murder or exile,
solely because of their fidelity to the principles
of free government. As an evidence of the
condition of affairs in South Carolina, the fads
are stated that, on last Monday, a company of
I nited States troops, that left Columbia for
York, had the railroad torn up in their front
by a body of armed men, and were obliged to
march by the road, (hi Friday last thoilepubliean
members of the Legislature, now sitting,
paid men to picket the road leading from the
capital, because of well-grounded fears of a
kii Klux raid upon their body. A committee
ol three members of the Legislature of South
! Carolina will arrive here in a day or two to lay
im-i:i>iiuiiion 01 ainuirs in rwiuih ? aroiina '?<
j lore the 1'ri'nii^iit. Mr. Warren Wilkes, the
leading Conservative member of the South
Carolina Legislature, is one of the eommiltee.
.V. Tribune.
The Horrors of War.
To show how terrible a calamity war is, the
New York J'ost gives the figures showing that
our late war reduced the rate of increase of our
population from 35.58 t<? 2I.85 per cent, that
is, our increase between lStiO and 1 S7<t, as eotnpared
with that between 1850 ami 18(10, is as 3
to 5. The following are the figures for three
decades:
In 1840 17,1 Ml!),-! 53
In 1850 23,191,870
In lStiO 31,413,321
lit 1870 38,312,633
Thus, from 1810 to IK50, ihe increase in population
was 0,122,423, or 35.87 percent.; from
1850 to lbnii it was 8,251.445, or 35.58 per
cent, but from l8(>0 to l87o it has been but
0,Sf?0,312, or 21.85 per cent.
The war operated in various ways to diminish
the ratio of our increase;
1. JJy the slaughter of half a million of men
in the m-ime of life on whom with their
our material increase chiefly dcpcuded.
2. By the abieace in the army from home
and otherwise publicly engaged, for four years,
of an average of SOU,000 able bodied men.
o. My the diminution of immigration from
foreign r<*uatr'c's *or several years, uu>l its almost
total cessation lor two years.
Whether the decrease from a diminution of
children may be termed one of the 4> horrors of
war," is a question which is much open to argument
in these days, and especially since Multhus
stole the idea that the pablic good demands
effective cheeks upou the increase of
numbers.
The ('Net* ol Sail.
The extent and importance of the uses of
salt can scarcely be better described than in
the words of l>r. Bolley, which we translate
| from his work, entitled " Das Koehsalz :*'
! " We awake iu the morning ; the linen which
we put on betrays by its whiteness that it has
been bleached by the chlorine derived from
salt; the shoes with which we cover our feet re
quired salt 111 the hands of the tanner ; in the
soap that we use for the toilet we seize u
transformed piece of salt ; the glass, which we
bring to the mouth, hides the chief ingredient
of salt ; from the crude ore by means of salt
was produced the bright, white metal of the
teaspoon, which* is so highly esteemed by thr
world; the teakettle is soldered with borax,
which holds soda produced from salt; the milk
before us contains salt; the butter has been
preserved by salt perhaps for mouths ; the bread
betrays to the palate that the dough has been
mixed with salt. We grasp the paper; it required
the application of chlorine from suit in
: order to please us by its whiteness. The clean
spectacles through which we see are partly
I composed of what once was salt. A visit is
! announced ; a patient wishes to coisult us ; he
enters, and, seeking scientific aid, we rellect
upon the remedies at our command, and com
nienee to write. Out of ten medicines we find
; tliai live 01 uieiu owe meir origin, eiuier ny
I their composition or tiie mode of their pre
I paration, to Halt. Who is aide to forgot for
1 oue moment this ever present Propm* t hat ap
peal* in a thousand forms ?"?Srirttl/jir. A inert
ran.
Or the position ofCJovernor Scott, thet'harles
ton N<wx speaks thus : His general position
as repeateilly announced during the past foul
weeks, is this : The State is not in condition ti
lend its money or credit to any undertaking
whatever its merits ; all bills, therefore, whirl
directly or indirectly increase the liabilities o
the State will be vetoed by the executive, li
speaking of the nefarious Greenville bill Gov
| ernor Scott goes further, lie says that it can
1 only be passed by wholesale bribery, and tha
he will veto the bill. Should the bill pass ovei
the executive veto, which is unlikely, the Gov
ernor will refuse to sign or issue the boudi
which it proposes to issue, and he will also up
ply to the courts to restrain other State ofti
' ciuls from signing or issueing the lionds."
Tuk Pittsburg Lrad^CVJ? : "This seems t<
be a good year for th <**chiuent of gov
ernors." x *
' ' V <
< ;? in a<lvanoe
( 5 C>opie?w for
>l?'iia?ri:tl ?>l Jhr CoIokmI l*ropl<
orTfiiiH^mrr in out ?'iil ion
Thf State tYuvcut'on. in Nashville
r< bniarj', 2-, .!!, "I. ami uouM most re
speet fully submit I u> petition fi? t'onirres- and
the President of the I luted States, that some
action may In? taken to ameliorate the condition
of the' colored citizens of this State. The
convention brought facts to light of the most
I intense affliction, stilTerin^. ami destitution.
1 which we deplore ami view with alarm. A
: siniill portion of this correspondence is printed
| with the minutes and proeetalings The t ry
??l II1V lll.r.M S, KIV.MII * U l \ <{U;ii IV J ,
is. Prntpotion! protection! protection! from
j the outlaws and desperadoes who swarm l>\
; thousands up and down the highways ol every
; distric t and county, under the secret ?> 1 tli
! hound s.nieties known as INfcle Faces or ku
Klnx. to deny eolored citizens every right of
j citizenship, civil and politico!. When we inj
form you that every sup porter of the Lost
Cause in this .State is arrayed and engaged in
this malicious effort., and ur State being under
the political control of these men and their
sympathizers, then you nil! realize that, there
I is no redress lor us unless the arm of the t Moment
is held out to our rescue. So great is
the influence of these men that the laws are in
some places openly defied, their masks taken
off, and vet the officials refn?e to bring any to
justice, and in many eases they are with them
in poison committing murders, outrages, and
every crime against humanity, and hv enrolling
the masses of white citizens in secret lios
tillty to the colored citizens and their friends,
as a class. This is an almost universal rule. In
addition to the crimes corn m it toil against them
j by the organized secret societies of l'ale Faces
lor Ku-Klux, they have formed Farmer-.'
; Clubs, Agricultural Societies, etc . to depreciate
the lahor of the colored men, and eon
trol it oy their individual and united action,
| which, so far, has resulted in the total violation
of many of the contracts tn the laborer being
cheated out of the fruits of his toil and driven
from the premises of his employer destitute
, and without remedy?the State iuws being a
farce iu the maimer of their execution."
HoMKS.
To put an end to this state of things, we ask
I'onurress to aid the landl..*-. nf" mm.- .. ?.>
o "" v' * *"*' 1 ,,vv 1' '
euro homos, by appointing an unpaid cotnmission
of well-known friends with |K?wor to purchase
in this State large tracts of land to form
settlements upon, which shall he let to colored
citizens as homes, exempt from execution by
State law-1, and allow them several years to pay
for tin" same. .Should -itch mn sons need furl her
aid, said commission can render it on the same
terms ; and the L'uited States should have a
full title to all property purchased until the
purchase money is repaid. These purchases of
Ian is to lie in settlement* so as to enable the
seniors to protect themselves from outrages
and outlaws so numerous in our State. There
being among us quite a number of mechanics
and artisans without employment, it would afford
a lifting opportunity not only to prepare a
class for usefulness who tire now neglected and
outraged, but would develop and build tip the
country, which by nature is fitted for the abode
of happiness and peace, but which has been by
inisirimled men. to sav the least tr:invi'nvi?..>.l i..
? t - V " " * *T 'W. r.
the theatre of the must heartless atroeiiv ami
eriiues, by those, too, whoelaim to Ik: a superior
race, a Christian people, aiol a chivalry. These
things are visited upon a poor, doeile people,
whose only crime is loyalty to the (<overnmcnt
of the United States.
education'.
The pnhlie sentiment, as it is e\*pv< sed by
legislation, is averse to the instruct ion of col
ored citizens. The school system inaugurated
under the, lb-publican legislature, although
defective in not giving schools on the broad
platform of equality, yet stood for schools to
the white people, and in some tu-i UK'cs estab
lished some. No sooner had the rebel clement
; gained power than they repealed the net, and
swept away every vestige of a law that looked
t > the education of colored children, and every
right whic h maintained the civil right of the
colored citizen, although the lirst oath they
took upon entering oliicc was that they would
puss no law impairing the rights or privileges
I of any citizen. And to day over ninety per
'cent, of the colored children of the State are
growing up to the responsibilities of manhood
, and citizi nsliip without any public established
system of instruction, ami are furred, from the
| destitute and wronged condition ol their pa'
rents, to grow up in a servility and ignorance.
! second only to slavery. We trust, as an act ol
: patriotism, that you will give us a national sy!
turn of schools; of instruction without any in
! vidians restriction to u-t on account of our
i color; and that, you will regulate the instruction
of the agricultural college founded in this
i Stale bv the donations of I tilted States lauds,
1 so that we can have, in proportion to our popu
, . .. :.i. - .? c .. i . -
i.uh'ii, ? ?*???*.4 ui iii^ \\ i.ii mm i.> \\ ;iu ;nit'iiu 1:1,11
school.
I.AROR.
As the colored citizens in Middle and West
! Tennessee are largely the majority <?1 every
other class of laborers, more especially in agriculture,
without some moans to secure to them
j their earnings, a sadder state of ?Hairs awaits
! us. With hut few exceptions this class of
I laborers are decoyed to do faithful labor in the
j rural districts, sonic on the promise of a share
of the crop and some for wages, but so soon
I as the crop is made the employer frames some
excuse and falls out with the laborer, and he
i is forced to leave his* crop and abandon his
i w ages by the terror of the ku kiux.who, in ait
j cases, sympaih./.e with the white employers.
'flic courts oi justice yield no redress in the
j State. The rebel press are constantly misi
representing the lae.ts. arid that we arc cheated.
1 \\ hiie we thus have no protection, wo w ill
! warn all immigrants, tier ui an, Irish, and
; Chinese, that we are unjustly dealt by, and tell
| them promptly of our treatment, and if they
come and voluntarily sink down deeper in opj
pression, so mote it be. iiut wo will gladly
j bail all voluntary free labor to elevate the lai
borer, whether from Kurope, Asia, Africa, or
the West ludii s, and extend a brother hand to
secure liiin in his liberty the right to his toil
and to uphold this <iovcrnmeiit upon equality.
In the capita! of our State the penitentiary
convicts are used by the managers of that in
stitution to break up the common labor of the
coal mines in this btute, and the stevedores ot
Nashville. They are used in loading and un'
loading boats, in the public, works around the
j State building, and if not corrected by lejmI
lation we shall soon -ee them hired out t?j
j private service by the year as servants and
sold on the auction block as slaves lor the bal
j uuce oi their time.
SLAVKRV IN FORCE.
I It is in fact another condition of slavery.
! 'PI . 1 1 , v ? l i
1 nt' winics nave ugveeu 10 senu as many niacKs
as possible to tlie {smitentiury, ami for misdemeanors
lor which white rneu art' discharged,
i W e ask to be allowed to sit on juries, and thai
i 1 in no ease of a felony or misdemeanor should
tbere be a trial of one of our own race unless
one third or half of the jury be colored. 'I bo
[ will stop their wholesale imprisonment, as it u
now done simply to gratify the rage of thosi
who hate us because we are colored and l&epuh
! lieans in principle. And to relieve our colored
| citizens from paying the State poll ta\ in
. ! voting for United Slates officers.
in Tennessee a poll tax is demanded from
; every voter. Unless that measure is repealed 01
. i made a nullity, in the ease of voting forotlicen
, lor tiie General Government, it will throw oil
r thousands ol votes lor the General Government
> j lor that measure has given already a pretext
, ; for additional robbery. In the adjoining coun
j ' ties, men's teams, wagons.Jand furniture, whirl
t are exempted from execution by State laws, art
i tried and sold lor poll-tax. The constitution
. ol this State at present in force is in violation ol
i the Civil Rights Bill and the amended Oo?ti
l tution of the United States, and it is a harriei
r to our true development and manhood. We
- ask legislation thai will neutralize their efleets,
s so we will feel as men when we stand up lor lb?
j Government, and not be bunded over to tin
. I enemies of the Government, hands and feet
hound.
We ask of you recognition by the appointiueni
.1 of colored men to positions of trust and protii
- in the Government, in its departments, in pro
portiou to their support of its principles, as at
RATES OF ADVERTISING. Ill
TK/, NvU.M ADYT.R'I ir RAT: ' IKS
! | >1
!wrtlO'l...?...,?^? K1 I
Ri. -.T>: YEARLY ADY }.K ISFMiiRTS* II *1
Tin..' i hi\ ?
L I
On* column 75 lij joy I
TW pife of Irii lm<? Bmlrr l)|i? cuMiiiiiMKB Uter I
tin; n ?|n;tr<' hi (hi* in(*"r. I
* ho.- .1 . i iti f full k m
W tl
I
Ail?.Tti?> iii- iii iiimTtiii I14 t Im tinf th?n three mouth I
I 11
act t>f ju*tico to our race in this eontl . t. The '
enemies ol liberty, learnetl anil polished, seek
i|
tcrut of equality into sympathy wit h them, anil
i ! t *
; We hope this request will readily meet your
'' * r.
amendments tn ihr national t'onstitntion that
| iruarantoea our citizenship ami rights a> a ^
in '
you all our t iTorts to ;H;uhl tirui to our eoiuitry. 1
ukj
the yoke of the euptivo. So we can oive an vWl
-or- in this WoimI, t - o f-l
; \ -li.iti i -g'.-j
B
. M. lit ti.kk, I'll .irman. |f :
Sw ki. I<o\\ krv. Secretary. t||
\ Prominent Citizen Killed in Tr>l??e in K'j
Kiil'i'ii r the LuWi <3* i '
j Nat W oikJ, of Souierville, 1 aveMi eounty, ^ S
It.,.. ... > ? inair ICIUI VII lUt' V IIIICII
Si .it os Oourt al Memphis tor a violation of t ho ^
1 Ian in intimidating a \ :< r :.t the last flection
The warrant for his arrest was placed in the j f
i.ill.Is I't' .tohii ?i. i v v \ i . a . I - | n I: \ ! W|
that district, who v ailed upon VVo.nl at hi-.piaee '?' f
of business for the purpoiie of cer\ fi'
On making its contents known. Wood became ** *
enra i. ind said " that he would n..t i?<- ^T!!j
rested - that no I nited States officer could *1 ' ?
irn t htm and seeming determined tt
Marshal U eves went.away and called f.?r assist
ni. e ; ii tke 1 eart iff ^
forward, and William 11. Ileeves, one of the
l>'ts?e. and cousin of the Marshal, ?a d he w
?yo to whore Wood was and wait until the ,
Marshal should arrive. On his w ay to the -t???
hr uiet Wood and a few w >rds occurred. Wood
was drawing his pistol, when Ileeves struck Lnm
with a acan#. Wood tired. Killing ileeves in
stantly. Marshal Ileeves wais on tiis way to
the scene of conflict, with his pistol drawn,
ami immediately tired at Wood, as did some
others of the p-is^e. hut running into a h aid',
he made out at the hack door an 1 attei apt f ]'?
1 Joint? pursued, the sheriff came up and tried
to prevent the arrest l?y the deputy marshal *
i i : i ' * * * *
I k< I HIS jM'SSe, 1>UI I..OK ? OOtl III custody ll I III
oil'. The United Steles Mtkoritin snbee
(fiontlv took possession of Wood and placed
him in jail at Slcmphis. 1 jBg-%
Tho murdered man wan one of the most
prominent young lawyers of West Tenuessee,
and universally asteemed. lie served lour years
iu the Confederate army, hut since his return 3f J
has boeu one of the most straightforward advocates
of law and order in the State. Tho mat
ter has created an intense excitement- ? Tmn.
Tribune. JW I
Tni: following, from the New York Trih-wk<
of .January 1ST 1, may interest our readers :
" Chicago dressed beet arrived in line condi
tiori to-day, and is selling at thille. Thete i
juite a good deal of tins meat arriving. \W
ehronicle the lirst arrival ol beef dressed in
I;
1
i thawiugout condition, in bad ||
order, and was at < nc it at a i w pi Sr 1
We very miieh doubt whether beef can bo
bronght that distance save in some such car as
; ntly ari ved here U d with bnlTalo meat in >, .t
when atu i rather than f . '1'
rcfrigeratiou is the means employed. IT the
atmosphere in the car can ho kept nieasurahlv
cool, and perfectly dry like the air of the
. i. . whei e uu .<i can I ex posed t. i day m'
without injury, even in warm weather we see
no reason why ! ! cannot safely be brought !|
great distant es, and kept as long alter removal
as that freshly killed. Koeent experiments go
to prove litis, and we shall look with iniicti
;f |
we ean have the animals slaughtered in I'olo
rado and Kansas delivered here in perfect
condition, and it a ooct much below what live ' Tlstock
can he turii'sl out at. We arc promised
meat in this condition next summer, when ail \
tlie surrounding influences shall lie m??st adverse
to bringing 11. If auch a thing can be don .i?
the next thing will he to establish a meat ex
press line wluch shall make passenger lime, oi r ??'
at leant not over tknx four day iaie firm ife,
the t ar West. So many sanguine scheme- K^H
h ave heretofore failed that we await further
developments before a verdict. It has Keen '' jjg
I pretty clearly proven that the refriffprator pro
eess alone will no! answer. The problem ihoim ?y
ol vast moment to Um stock inU of Iks
whole country."
Stock-raising is an important industry in fl^B
! Colorado. A late estimate shows that then
j are now in the Territory about head ol
1.- .lie! i I,
The Chmuirlv of Charlestown, Ma--a< !m * JO
sett-, gives the following sketch ol Mr. Robert
IJ. Klliott. member of the I'-M Congress for the
::<! District of South Carolina : " Robert B iB
Klliott, the colored I uited States Representai
tive from the Columbia district of South Caroj
litia. who took ins seat in the House on I'm sday,
, three years ago wie employed in this city as
' type-sett* r. At that tune he lived at the West
Kml, in Boston, where ho established ijuite a
popularity am 'tit; men of his own color durin r ^ ?'
tin- few months he was tlcre, and was a proiui
nent member of a thru existing colored literary
society. During his stay in Huston he married
a handsome and intelligent mulatto girl. l.cavitlg
Host on, tie went to Charlestown, S. C.. >5
where he became one of the editors of a Re pub
liean paper published by colored men. .Mr
Klliott is about do years of age, and appears t?. "J
tie a full-blooded African. He wa oorti ami 'jj
educated iu Liverpool, Tin gland, where be also
learned the printer's trade, lie has traveled *
considerably, and has served in the T'.Mglis|?
navy, llm education is <juite complete, lo
posessing a good knowledge of classical lit* ra- I'l
turo, and speaking and writing l'.uglidi, Latin.
French, and Spanish languages, lie has tin f| : ?,
reputation of being the ablest colored orator
in the builth,"
At the recent examination of the new build
ing erected at Westchester, IVnn., fur the u.-e
of the State Normal School, John \V, Forney
made an address, in which lie said : ** It is now 0>
37 years ago, when i was a printer's apprentice,
that 1 set up the great speech ofThaddcus >
Stevens in favor of common schools, in the year
lis34, pronounced, as you will all remember, ut>
1 a period when the w^iole Commonwealth was r ^*
trembling, as it were, between the opposing
forces in the struggle to give to toe people of $
? Pennsylvania thai great system, subsequently
established, and now placing us rapidly in the >-. ,
' forefront of intelligent comuionwealiiis ; but 1
I shall never forget, Democratic boy us 1 was,
' j the sensations winch thrilled me as 1 put that
| great and im mortal classic into typo. 1 l?elievc
thai it became an inspiration to me in after
! years. 1 am quite sure that it controlled my
1 | luture destiny, politically and personally, aiul
in the conIIlets which arose all my antagonisms
1 I to that great man vw re (impend !?y the fact
M that he had fillet! my youthful soul with an
ambition to identify myself so tar aa i coald ; ;aj
j witli lie' inimort.ii MNn o! ediu at.on.
Tiiev Had Hi*.?Doctor F was the
, president ni a Southern etdlege. who pr-drsscd i
to be very grammatical in the use ol his lani
gauge, and therefore expected hi - pupils to be
i likewise, l'laying cards was strictly forbidden ,
on the school premises; but, as is always the
case, this law is often violated hy the students
without being detected. A number of freshmen
collected together in one of their number's
' room, and were enjoying a good game of euchre,
wh'-n a load knock waa hoard. " Wao*a
. there?" one exclaimed. "Me!" was the
laconic reply. "Who's me?" 44 Professor
t F ." "Von lie! ila, ha, ha ! Professor
I F wouldn't say 'me!' llo'd say it is /,
- sir!" The old professor turned his bock and
i went off, knowing that they had huu there.