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JftîdltWottm ^ranncrijjt. MIDI! .KTOW», BEL. SATURDAY MORNING, JANUARY 4, 1868. - salutatory. " Once mon upon the waters, Yet once more; Aud the wares bound beneath as Like the home beneath Ids rider.' Ouce more wo launch our bark upon the soa of public jorrnalism, aud if the expe rience of years tould give skill to the pilot he ought to be i.ble to bear right onward in the channel of duty and publie utility, avoiding the rotks and shoals upon either hand The experienced voyageur, howev er, will not expect to sail over smooth and unruffled seas a)l tho while ; he will make his calculations for adverse winds and cur rents, and for occasional storms and tem pests. But he has only to keep his craft well trimmed, and a firm and steady hand upon the helm, Simile aside : to weather them all. Iu presenting the Tran aders, we resume for the third time a profession to which more than thirty years of been devoted. script to its ri the life of tho senior has It will be expected that in obedience to cijstom we should map out the course wo intend to pursue, and state hich will find advocacy in This will be done briefly, lest we might promise too much and form too little. the principles w its columns. per The Transcript will aim to take a broad, liberal md comprehensive view of public affairs, |S the bond of union between the States, and steadily maintaining the principles of a sound Democratic Conservatism. Its columns will be qpen to a proper discus sion of all topics of general interest, its editors holding the sentiment, with Mr. Jefferson, that ipholdiug tho Constitution "error of opiuion may safely be tolerated whbre reason is left free to combat it." Special attention will be givon to the local want« and necessities of this contmu Middletown is situated in the midst i populous region of of a wealthy an try, and is the centre of an active and steadily increasing trade. The aid of a local press is n ther its abunda douh ceded to develop still fur at resources, and to bring more fully into view the Agricultural, Horticultural and Pomological advantages of New Castle part« of Delaw County, and the adjacent ire and Maryland. It will be our aim to idvance these great leading interests, and tlso to turcs and the maahanic arts. The newspaaer has beoome the necessity of the age. without encourage manufac great A man may do tilings which taste or habit many have made im portant to his comfort, but ke must have. R, is indis is, if his mind has attained his newspaper pensable ; that » sufficient decree of intelligence to its regular supply of intellectual pabulum. It keep* him posted up in relation to eve rything transiting in the worfd around him, whether at home or abroad, It« crave ears it* eyes are in every plac positions, incidents and individuals and nations, s columns as in a mirror_ are ever open The thoughts, movement« of presented in it the reflex of the opinions and progress of the' world. He who reads carefully a well ' conducted nevrspaper, is in no danger of fclliug behind the age. It keeps him alive to all that is new in trade, commerce, pol iteraturo and art, and t-nu itics, morals, bles him to ke ap pace with th^iiitclligecee and progress of tho times, him, if he be a shrewd man of business, to open new eha secure for hin «elf It enables nnel» of trade, and thus to new sources o, profit, of Middletown, and of the wealthy region of which it is The people populous and the business (entre, are not slow to ccivc and to per pprcciate whatever tends to material interests. In this promote their belief we confidently commend the Tran favor and patronage of its intelligent and public-spirited citizens, and trust we script to the shal, have their hearty co-opera tion in our efforts to present them'wi'h a journal alike useful and creditublc to the which it is published. community in *sTRead the advertisements; they in dicate not only the business enterprise of the place in which they are published, but the euterprist of the advertiser also. If . you want good bargains always patronize those who avail themselves of the advan tage afforded through the advertising col umns of jkoir home paper. Indeed, the public^re iu the habit of doing so ; and „ h# advertise, whether be b* a mjplmpi, "mechanic, or a pro fessional iiizti, -nee* TTot he stiipised to find himself (tiling behind] his advertising .neighbour"**, basin«**. ,/There is nothing like keeping jnc's name and busineÊ stantly before tho public eye ; and if all the business :nen of a plane should adver tise, the resu t wpnld be that the aggre gate business of the place would he great ly augmented. Because they would draw an increased amount of business not only from thotr * als» fiomd several exatt the man who dpys mounding neighborhood, but (tiurt plftces. We know of lps, which ni'ght be cited in proof of the bouefits conferred hy a liberal course of advertising. Mrs. Nancy I at Alexandria llSycars, died □rsday last.. :r, Thî lmiiwhmeBt Ftnsco. The historic page will afford no enviable place to tlie authors of the scheme to im peach President Johnson. Posterity will view tj|c attempt with abhorrence, when reviewing the flimsy and futile evidence on which It was based. For months this nefarious project hung, like a dark cloud of evil portent spoil the political h orison, filling the country with alarm, creating uneasiness and distrust, and arousing fears of anarchy and civil vr*r. Hut all at once it evanished like the mists of the morning. In a House that had uniformly cast over a two-thirds vote against.tho President, only fifty-seven affirmative responses could 1* heard when the question was brought to a vote. Mirabile dicta / What was the cause of this ? Was it the sunlight of re turning reason, dispelling the mists of er ror, passion aud prejudice Î Or was it the wholesome influence of the late democratic and conservative victories, aohieved at the late fall elections 1 We leave the reader to unswer. In accounting for this most salutaky result, perhaps we ought not to overlook the stern note of warning con tained in the President's annual message, a warning which he was all too tardy iu giving utterance, but which doubtless had its effect iu determining the result. We quote from the message : "How fur the duty of the Présidait <l io pre serve, protect and defend the Constitution" re quires him to go in opposing act of Congress, is a very serious and important question, ou which I huve deliberated much, and felt extremely anxious to reach a proper conclu sion. Where an act hus been passed according to the forms of the Constitutiou by the supreme legislative authority, and is regularly enrolled among the public statutes of the country, execu tive resistauce to it, especially in times of high Party lent collision between the respective adherents ot the tw o branches of the government. This would be simply civil war; and sorted to only os the last evils. . Whatever might tend to provoke it should be most carefully avoided. A faithful aud scientious magistrate will concede very much to honest error, and something even to per malice, before he w ill endanger the public peace; and ho will not adopt forcible measures, or such as might lead to force, as long as those which are peaceable remain open to him or his constituents. It is true that cases may occur in which the Ex ecutive would be compelled to stand on its rights and maintain them, regardless of all consequen ces. •onslitiition.il ■itcmiMit, would be likety to produce vio civil emedy for tho worst of ar must be ro " If Congress should pass an net whioh is not only in palpable conflict with the Constitution, •tftinly, if carried out, product* but will diate and irreparable injury to the organic struc ture of the government, and if there be neither judicial remedy for the wrongs if inflicts, nor power in the people to protect themselvos without the official aid of their elected defender ; if, for instance, the legislative départaient should pass an act, even through all the forms of law to abol ish a co-ordinate department of the government— in such a case the President must take the high responsibilities of his office, and saVe the life of the nation at all hazards." Lct us hope, now that the erisis is past, that the spirit of faction will subside and pass away altogether. That Congress will Address itself to a course of proper le gislation, admonished by tho late popular rebuke it has received, and that it will no moro imperil the life of tho nation. To Correspond BETS- —Wo solicit. cor respondence from all quarters of this and the adjoining Statès. While giving spe cial attention to the affairs of our own town and neighborhood, we desire to make the Transcript a medium of com munication between the different points of this peninsula especially, as well as be tween the more important points of the adjacent States, whose citizens are engaged in an active commerce with onr own. tciT No attention will be paid to anony mous communications. If the writers of such cannot trust their names with the publishers, neither can they admit their lucubrations to their columns. We have received two anonymous communications this week, which are at the disposal of their writers. Wc solicit onr friends to send us ac counts of all accidents, deaths, marriages, removals, sales of land, aoeouuts of crops,, buildings or other improvements; in short, everything that is of local or general inte rest. Our Nkwsfai'ER Head.— The cut which adorns the head of the Transcript repre sents tho Farmer and the Mechanic, witli the implement« of their calling, while the locomotivo and train in the distance, rep resent commerce, and tho business activi ty of the community in which it is pub lished. Altogether, we think the letter and devieo both neat and appropriate. The beautiful light Scotch face type on which the Transcript is printed, is front the Foundry of Henry A. Lucas, Esq. Baltimore. We shall commence, in our next issue, the publication of a well-written original story, by a young lady of Middletown. As every one will want to read it, ah who have not entered their names upon our subscription list should do so at once. On one of our Western railroads, tho other day, a sudden jerking of the train threw a little girl, two years old, out of side door of the car, which had been left open. The horror-stricken parents imme diately had the train stopped, aud walked back ex paiting to pick up the mauglud mains of the child. The little one met them half way, however, unharmed, and evident ly thiaking the whole affair a good joke. the time the child fell off, the train was a down grade, aud running twenty miles an hour. The employes of the different manufac tories of Norristown, Pa., fortunate, as it is said to be t in the Bnion in jrliich torn appear .to the only place Jhctones are Tbs Soldiers of ISIS. We see by the Philadelphia papers that the soldiers of 1812, are to meet on the 8th of January at Independence Hall, to oelebratn the anniversary of the Battle of New Orleans, as has been their custom for yean. Congress seems to have for gotten the services of these old veterans— that they fought aud conquered the British upon the sea and upon the lakes; that they whipped the proud armies of Wellington at Port George. Lundy's Lane, Bridgewa ter, Plattsburg, Port Erie, Stoning ton, Baltimore, Caulk's Field, and divers other places, and'finally annihilated them before New Orleans, under the leadership of gal lant Old Hickory, Congress has forgotten that it was these same old veterans, their sons and grand sons, who paid off the Revolutionary war debt, and the debt of the war of 1812, aud who have brought the country up to its present position of strength aud power, when it may defy the world in arms. There are but few of these old veterans left, we understand, in Delaware—Capt. Maxwell, of Delaware City; R. Lockwood, John Jones, and John Thomas, of New Castle county, and one other in Sussex. We learn that Maj. Jones intends to join his associates in Philadelphia on the occa sion. ed a no of too the and the the the 24, was ' ' " " " at ure to are per the Oorreycnilmcs qf tlw Mehlktown Transcript. Blackbird, Del. Jan. I,*1808. Messrs. Editors —Thinking that thing from this part of the county would help to fill up the first issue of the Mid dletown Transcript, I take the liberty of sending you a few lineB. Tho new year opens cold and stormy, whioh is not sur prising, wlion we consider the appearance of the last day of 1887, which was very cold, and closed with a brisk fall of snow. The people of this hundred are waking up to the importance of improving their land, and I think they have commenced in the right way, viz. by draining. Ferguson and others petitioned the Supe rior Court of the county, at the November term, for a commission to lay out a public ditch up Blackbird branch, and notwith standing the cold of yesterday, the indus trious and public-spirited gentlemen lected as commissioners, viz. Nathaniel Williams, II. P. Reading and Wm. S. Deakyne, accompanied by Joseph Robert«, their surveyor, met and coimnenocd ope rations. I wish them much success, for the ditch, when completed, will prove a groat benefit. More anon. Yonrs, &c. The Messrs. B0 cy is of as a ArPOQUINlJIINK. Tlw Presidential Election. The New York limes (Republican) in commenting 4»on the probable result of the next Pi^Mential election, uses the following significant languago : As things stand to-day, with universal negro suffrage to be forced upon the Southern States by military poivcr as the condition of their restoration to the Union, and in the uncertain tone and temper of the Republican party on tho financial questions before the country, the "prospect" of a Republican defeat is not only " reasonable" but it may be called brilliant. What Con gress may do to change it remains to be seen; but if the National Convention takes up the party just Whore it stands now—if it adopts * Radical platform aud nominates a Radical candidate—we venture the pre diction that it will be beaten more disas trously than the Whigs were in 1852, or than the Democrats were in 1860. Maine Massachusetts, Vermont and Michigan may vote for a Radical President on a Radical platform; it would be rash to place reliance upon any other Northen or Western States. Kent County Railroad.—W e under stand that at the last meeting of the Direc tors ot the Kent County Railroad Company they fixed the western terminus of the road at Dee whore is to and where a very short wharf will only be necessary, thus lessening the expense. A wharf on the bay shore was estimated to cost at least $35,000. The board took steps to procure an immediate survey of the remaining part of the route, aud to adver tise for proposals to build the road. It now remains with the landowners through which it is proposed to pass to have a roatl or not. If their demands are exorbitant, there will not be money sufficient to eonstruet the road. p Landing, oil Swan Creek be found the boldest waters General Grant is now fairly in the org anization of capitalists, headed by A. T Stewart, the great New York, merchant, was efi'eeted in New York, this week, for the purpose^ of pushing General Grant on the Presidential course, upon his military reputation alone. In response, it is repor ted, General Grant has written a long let ter accepting tho proposition, and therefore fairly in the field, irrespective of party nomination. Iu his reply to Stewart & Go., General. Grant has not a word to say about politics. 0 IS Mouut Vesuvius is now in a state of grand eruption. Not only is the old vol cano in violent action and flames issuing from the old crater, but new openings have been formed. A perfect river of molten lava is seen to flow from the moun tain running in a westerly direction and threatening to destroy the town of Cercala. A perfect panic exists among tho inhabi tants of all the villages situated at the foot of the mountains. a Exaggerated accounts by telegraph from Richmond, relative to the expected rising of the negroes of the South-side counties of the State, have no better foundation than the fact that a few days since a squad of soldiers were sent to Halifax, because a disturbance at Christmas was feared. The negro population throughout the State is as quiet, as far as an armed insurrection is concerned, as they have been since emancipation. ha Thep talk of establishing a vigilance com mittee in Harrisourg to protect unoffending citizens grows louder and louder every 1 day. TU« Scarcity of Currency. No practical mau, who is largely engag ed in business transaction*, can intelli gently maintaiu that there is, at present, a sufficiency of ourrency in any part of this country. In our own city It hus been at no time abundant during the past two years, while at times its searcity has been most annoying. Even in New York, the great commercial centre, the point in fact of issue and redemption, it is by no means too plentiful, while in many {sirtions of the iutorior, particularly in the Northwest, and especially in the South., its almost total absence is extremely prejudicial to the interests of the community, and of the Government itself. Its scarcity hampers trade, hinders cultivation and prevents the development of private wealth and the increase of taxable property. We read constantly in the papers of forced sales, made in the South where most ruinous sacrifices are constantly submitted to. In the Tribune under date of December 24, we read of a fine residence and ten acres of land which sold in Georgia for $60 and of 450 acres of prime land which fetched only $160. These are stated to have been baiia fuie sales. The corres pondent giving the information says "It was Court day "and a large concourse of ' ' people were present. The most of " them were large property owners, but " really had not $5 in their pockets and " in consequence would not bid, as the "sales were for cash." Paper money may not actually be a value but it is cer tainly a medium, of exchange, and the United States legal tender note is the reucy in which the exchanges of the country are at present made. A man may barter his horse or his ox or his gold watch or his diamond pin all of which have value ; but he cannot buy with them at public sales, where property is sold fur cash payable in the established representa tive of value. If it is an arbitrary ure on the part of a Government to make paper the currency of a country, it is a much more arbitrary act to make forced sales payable in this currency and yet not to provide a sufficiency of it to enable the community to effect purchases or to nego tiate its ordinary transactions. Rut the want of currency, which is so evident to most people, and the unfortu nate business experiences of the past year are not only the proofs of a deficiency of cir culation. The truth is that we have not to-day in this country as much currency per capita as there is in England or in People are too much misled by the loose statements which are constantly being made of the volume of currency in circulation in this oountry before the Yet, a fair comparison made between it and the circulation to whioh it is now ah' cur meas pro posed to restrict tho country,will show cet eris paribus a decided doerease of ourren cy in tho last dooade. The currency of to-day consists of U.S. notes $357,000,000, and National Rank notes $298,0001000. count of the small note circulation, ai that is about equal to the average currency cash balance retained by the Treasury Department, nor of tho legal tender pound interest notes, as they are being rapidly withdrawn from circulation, are to have, therefore, a total circulation of $850,000,000. If we deduct from this tho amount held by the banks as a reserve fund, which was in October, 1800, $205, 770,640, and which we will ostimate at $200,000,000, we will have $450,000,000 as the total proposed available active cir culation. The bank circulation for the years 1858, 1859, 1800 averaged over $200,000,600. The specie in bank averaged over $92, 000,000. It was estimated that the a tnount of specie afloat was about equal to the bank note circulation. If we place it, however, only at $150,000,000, wc still have a total circulation of $442,000,000. Deducting from these the reserve of specie held by the banks of $92,000,000, and have left an active actual circulation of $350,000,000 on a specie basis, which, at a premium of 36 per cent, is equal to $472,500,000 iu paper currency. So that without taking into calculation the grow ing population of this country, its increas ing business, and, what is really more important, the increased requirements for currency rendered necessary by the abo lition of the credit system, we find that the circulation to which it is proposed to restrict us is actually Icsb, calculated gold basis, than i twas before the In 1858, estimating the population at 30,000,000 the per capita circulation specie $11.88, equal at present prices of gold to $15.75. The proposed per capita circulation after the withdrawal of the compound interest notes, estimating tho population ot 85,000,000, will bo $12.88, considerably loss ceteris paribus than that of ton yoars ago. Does not this show plainly that tho volume of currency in the country is not sufficient for the tual wants of the community 1 Mr. Moran, in his work on money, page 200, gives us the received estimate a cir culation of $28 per head, however, a medium of $25, at which rat«, to supply a population of 32,000,000, wo would require a circulation of $800,000, 000 on coin basis, as against a paper circu lation of 650,000,000, which is the pres ent note circulation of the country, a con siderable portion of which is locked up as a reserve fund in the Banks. We must reflect, too, that the estimate of coin circu lation iu Great Britain was made some years ago, and that it has doubtless been greatly increased since then by the im mense amount of gold which has flowed there from California and Australia. Wc must remember that now that the credit system has been abolished, currency is not only as necessary here os in England, but even more so, and that a much greater a mount is required. England is a small country in which currency circulates much more rapidly than here. The immense distance which currency ha* to travel here in order to move crops, and for other-pur pose.x, locks up a large amount of it. The comfurtuHe condition of our laboring clas ses and the higher prices of wnges ii* this country calls for a much larger voltilpe of currency here to supply the wants of that class of the popnlation, and finely, the con venience of the paper money necessarily leads to the carrying about on the person much larger sums than would be carried if the lumney worein coin. An immense We take no ac eom We on a war. We will take amount of currency is uselessly locked up in this way, far more than people would generally imagine. There can be no doubt lhat to-day, where a much larger volume of currency is required, the per capita a mount is actually far less than it is in Eng land, where the principal circulating me dium is coin. ah' In Franco the metollio circulation, ac cording to Moran, is $20 per capita .— The EmyclopanUa Britannica placed it some years ago at $140,000,000. Levas seur and others estimated it at $100,000, 000, which it has uudoubtedly reached by this time. This would give for a popula tion, of 87,000,000 a per capita of over $ 20 . the Bank of France was more thnn 11225. Last month the note circulation of c Bank of France was more thnn $225, 000,000, which gives a note circulation of more th'an $6 per capita. So that tho to tal circulation of France is more than $20 for each individual rather in excess of that in England. We call these facts to the very serious attention of the publie, and we ask what sense and what reason there is in the fur ther dimiuutiou of a currency which is ab solutely now too contracted for the wants of tho community Ï —Baltimore Gazette. Why Many Spinster« Y Some of the English periodicals aro re viving a discussion which, three years ago, for several weeks, was a leading topic for the London journals and langsames. The North British Review thinks that, accord ing to the census returns, there ought to be but 400,000 unmarried women between the ages of twenty aud forty, whereas tlioro are 1,230,0U0, aud as the working classes and peasants nearly all marry auU marry young, workingmen finding no dif ficulty m getting husbands for their daugh ters, the surplus spinsters arc among the higor classes, and Uiousands of young men who refuse to marry are those having in comes of £300 to £800 a year, who pre fer their " liberty" and the support this sum gives them to the risk of sharing their income with u wife. But this is not all; there is the old story of the terrible extrav agance of the women ; the modest maiden suddenly blooms into the most magnificent of matrons; unbounded iu expenditure, they flirt more industriously, waltz more violently, and dress more outrageously. Even the Spectator, which makes a mild defense of the young women of England against the charges of the writers in the North British Review and Frazer, is com pelled to admit that there is an alarmingly large oloss of such women, aud that there is among men glowing contempt, not only for matrimony, but for women tbumselves. Among the few remedies suggested are op portunities for freer social intercourse ; the advantage of seeing women elsewhere than at the hull and'opera, so that a man can loam something of the actual habita and disposition of the persons whose hand •he might be disposed to seek, and thus be able to see the difference between the real woman und the woman of tho ball-room. As it is, it is a lottery in which many fear to venture. as a of if Value of A<lvt-rti«ing* Notoriety or publicity is an indispensa ble element ot' success in the merchant, mechanic or manufacturer, who would give a speedy and wide distribution to the com modities and productions which he seeks to exchange for money. He may have capi tal, skill, convenient position, punctuality, industry and honesty—every possible fit ness for his business—and ull is nothing if he have not sufficient notoriety. This notoriety, let it cost more or less, he must purchase or provide for as carefully as he purchases or manufactures his stock'ef goods. And it must in extent bear a cer tain relation to the business he would do. It must bo both positive and comparative. People must not only know him änd his business, because otherwise they will not find him, but they must know him, because otherwise they will find and trade with those who are better known. Customers, like sheep, are gregarious, and flock where they see others flocking. If nobody else were engaged in tho same business, it would be important for our dealers to ad vertise in the newspapers, because people arc tempted to buy what they read of. It is like having a salesman with several thousands of voices, speaking politely of your wares to tons of thousands of peo ple, perhaps at tho same rfioiuent, never offending, never obtrusive, never tired— such a salesman might be worth one, two, three or five thousand dollars a year to you, according to the number of his voices. But if others are engaged in the same business, even if they do not advertise, it becomes the more important for our deal* ers to do so, and if they do advertise, it is doubly important. It is, in fact, ruin not to be known as extensively as onr rivals. It is the flood-tide of fortune to be the most extensively known. a Some time ago it was publicly an nounced that a disagreement had occurred between Senator Sumner and liis wife, but a portion of the press at once contradicted the story. Last week the Home Journal settled the matter in this wise : We have good authority for stating that the differences bctwoc Mr. aud Mrs. Charles Sumner, which have causod so much unpleasant gossip and scandal, have finally settled hy a permanent ation, with the mutual consent and desire of both parties and their best friends. The direct cause of this separation is simply the oertainty—discovered only too late— that there exist between the parties an in compatibility of temperament and opinion upon certain sociul qiftstinns, which pre cludes the possibility of their living hap pily together as man and wife. been separ The Maryland Legislature met at An napolis on Wednesday last. Barnes Comp ton, of Charles county, was elected Presi dentof the Senate, and Augustus Gagaway Secretary. Win. H. Stewart, of Baltimore, was elected Speaker of the House, and Mil ton Y. Kidd, of Ceeil county, Chief Clerk. No huisineaa beyond completing the work of organization has yet been transacted. A call is in circulation in New Jersey, and is receiving thousands of signatures for th(jj*B*embling of a convention at Tren ton, on tho 22d of January, to organize an opposition party to the Camden and Am boy Railroad monopoly, I liuoltt and Turkey. The leading diplomats of Russia recently assembled at bt. Petersburg by comma id of the Osar. It was a conference in re lation to the présent aspect of the Eastern question, aud the proper steps necessary to be taken by Russia in order to carry out hor long-clieriahed purposes in relatbu to the effects of t|iu "sick man. declares that the ultimate resnlt of that meeting was a dotcrpiination on tho part Russia to force Prance and tho other Great Powers to assume some well-detin policy with regard to the affairs of Turkdy. The Öultan has taken tho alarm at this movement, and has addressed an urgent note to the French government, protesting against the actio* or intentions of Rus sia, and stating that Russian agents are endeavoring to excite revolt among the Christian subjects of the Porte. Accoi panying this nota is a vigorous and earnest protest on the part of Turkey against such hostile aud unfriendly action, or the least connivance therein, on the part of Rusb a. No action has yet been taken on this note by Napoleon. At least no notice any has been made public. In the mean time, affairs in Crete and Turkey ire becoming more complicated. Un the 25th and 20th of November a battle was fought between the Christians und Turks, near the village of Laki, in which tha lat er were defeated with heavy loss. The posi tion of the Sultan's Grand Visier in Ciiti dia, in the midst of the clamor of arms and tho cry for liberty, becomes daily more critical. Tho Cretans caricature his effort to solve the contest between theCross and the Crescent, by his convoking a packed assembly, composed chieffy Turks and renegade Levantines. The fever in the camp of the Christians lias received a father impulse from the en thusiasm evinced by the Cretan refugees iu Greece, on the recent arrival' of King Gorge and tho Ijiioeu Olga iu Athens. The insurgents or revolutionists will list to no compromise. They demand full and entire separation and freedom from Turf and the rule of the Sultan, anti an ineir poration with Greece as a part of that kingdom. In this demand.they are evi dently strengthened by the advice of age its of the Russian government, large numb ers of whom arc known to be on the island and iu daily communication with t «urgent chiefs. Turkey has doubtles reason to protest against the action of Rus sia in relation to tin* affairs of Crete, put whether that protest will be followed any cessation of the acts complained of is highly questionable. France cannot afford to quarrel with Russia at this time, when the Roman question is open and Prussia is looming up in central Europe os a titst class military power. But, in addition to the vexed and dis turbing questions arising out of the affairs of Crete, home matters, arc troubling the Sultan, and calling for definite action on his part. A reform party haS sprung up spuing tho Turks, headed by Mustapha Pasha, who demand a thorough change in many of the departments of the kingdom, aud advancement in unison with the spirit of the age. The old Turkish party are ip posed to any change or innovation on ln cicnt customs, and had they the power would speedily annihilate steamers, riil ways, and telegraphs, with all other in wo of the "Infidel dogs." Young T key, on the contrary, is in favor of intro ducing all the modern European improve ments into that country, and thus fitting! the people to play their part iu the growl drama which must shortly commence iu the Old World. Tho Suita» hi endeav ing to tread a middle patlp He is strength ening his arnyrand navy, but in the e vil gôveruinenfbo changes are made. Hence the discontent meut ut home, which, added to the war iu Crete is threatening the v existence of the Turkish Empire in Eu oi cd n of ot ar 1: °y n iii <><i by t i< or ry rope. Russia holds the winning canis iu Iter ainst Turkey, and must be sueci ss e end. France will not interfere game agi fui in th in the Cretan difficulty, and should the obstinate struggle so long curried on by the Christians in Crete end in theirobü in ing advantageous terms, the influeuc their example might be very - nsehiov|ius in other provinces where the Christian nient predominates. The Servians, Bul garians and Montenegrins of the Slavonic race and Greek faith arc greatly favored by Russia. They aro all watching eager ly the progress of the Cretan affair, and the influence of Russia iu thht direction is as plainly apparent as iu the island of Candia. Turkey may protest, but she is in the fowler's net, aud will he baggel at last. of •le Dull Times.— There is a very gc*pral complaint of dull times, a falling elf in trade, a scarify of money, <ic. Sorno per sons are desponding, and predicting ptill further prostration. We think feeling will prevail after the first of I the year. Every one should make it a point to pay the amount of his indehtness, as by so doing a healthy impetus will be given to trade. There is no good reason why our country should not be highly prosper ous, as every product commands a good price, and the laborer receives high wages. The money market will certainly bccpuic easier in a very short time. The amount of gold which the Government will shortly put in circulation will exert a very salutary influence. The Bunks will discount more freely, and the rates demanded for loans must materially decline. So says the Del aware Republican. The steamship "Francis," Captain Har rington, which left Baltimore for Wil mington, N. C. , on Saturday last, ashore on Tuesday morning, some e ght miles north of New Inlet. All hands on board were saved. The vessel is reported as laying broadside on the beach, with the sea sweeping over her, and she will pri bly become a total wreck, although it was supposed a portion^of her cargo may be savod. General Howard, It is said, prépose i to distribute the surplus funds iu the Frecd uien's Bureau amoriffths destitute people of the South during the winter. The amount remaining in the Bureau treasury is said to be over $8,000,000. A petition ag any of the West Wtdia Islands has reoe ved uumereus siguatircs in Boston. ent bu I t the annexation of <k 1 Taxe« «I «'•«ariea. We hope aud e when every dollirl to »apport our gij^ment will bo levied on superfluities, «d-wlieu articles of ne eessary oonsmBpiotf 1 will bo free. That this idea is not afchjpierieal one is abun dantly testified iy ' the success already achieved in this liréction by other tries, aud uotabliMJingland. Less than a century since etfryurticlc imported into the United KinpUmt, and many of those exported were burdened with high duties. Every useful commodity, and every article of comfort and luxury, had to pay a heavy Stute before it Reached rxpect to sec the day of the revenue needed COUll contribution to tlw the consumer, aid the tariff exhibited a formidable load of unjust and oppressive burdens. Under the spread of more liberal ideas the taxes 1 vied by the custom laws upon almost every article largely oonsunted were gradually reduced or got rid of.— Through the urdntjus and intelligent la bors ot Cobden, Bright aud other leaders of the Anti-corn iaw League, the princi ple of protection which had long rillen the British people, as it still docs our own, was formally abandoned and disowned. The taxes on brudstutfs were repealed, and n great diminution was made. Two hundred y ara ago the number of articles charged n th taxes in Great Bri In 1787 they were reduced to 1,425 articles; in 182(1 to 1, 280; in 1841 to 1,062; in 1840 to 516, and in 1858 to 4'i6. tain numbered 1,0ii0. tl In the latter year the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Glad stone, thus stated the principles that gov ern the tax levy : " First, to abolish altogether the duties which are unproductive ; aud in the next place to abolish, as far as considerations of revenue will permit, duties manufacture, except such as are in the last stages as finished articles. In these cases we have endeavored to lix tho duties in such n way that, as a general rule, they should not stand, as to any oluss of goods (except silks,) higher thuu leu per cent, on their value. "Next; we have been desirous to lower the duties that press on foreign articles of food, which enter largely, if not into the necessaries of life, at any rate into what may be called the luxuries and eifmforti of the mass of the people." Still greater reductions in the number of articles taxed have taken place ; aud since 18(il), the British tariff retains only nineteen article* subject to import duties. Our own complicated and. burdensome tariff presents a painful contrast to tbis simplicity, with its 3,500 articles subject to duty—or about double the number that were ever taxed in Great Britain, oven in her darkest days of national exclusiveness and oppression. Y'et England raises as great a revenue every year from customs as docs the United States, and collects it ' far more cheaply and surely. Five great items produced twcuty million pounds, $ 100,000,000, moro than our whole rev enue from customs (all source*) iu 1805, and nearly as much af the total average receipts of the curreut fiscal year from im ports. These great staples are sugar, tea, tobacco, wine and spirits—all, aavo eno or two, articles of meru luxury or superfluity. G reut Britain ha« a.j»qtubitiofi qbudt equal to our own. Ns*'Ration stands mortify» to ed of a largo revenue, since ner national f debt is greatelby one-third than ours.— / What is the Secret of her snpccsa'f Low / taxes nin 1 ebéaj, prices for all the ifficcss*»/$ ncs of life. t"* — t* . It should never li forgotten that hea vy taxod articles expensively consumed by the people, enhuuee the oust of those arti cles, first, to the citent of the duty itself; second, to the extint of forty per premium on that duty, (as all .such taxes are payable in gold,) third, to the extent of the expense, delay and inconvenience suffered by the di aler iu tho payment of the duty ; and lastly, ou accouut of tho discouraging efljtct of such duties upon the importation of tho article. How many times have we (been told, iu the tost three years, as a reason why the merchants no lodger keep certain articles on hand—" we • can't afford toimport that article any more, the duty is sqbigh." And how often aro we reminded, when hesitating over the frightfully ds'ar prices asked for imported goods that the article has paid forty fifty per cent, gold duty and cannot possi bly be afforded any less V This enhance ment of tho cost limits the of articles which are of cossity to the welfare of the so far it is :i great injury, den duty of the State to interfere so as to diminish materially the comforts of the community.. Yet we find our Govern' ment, through the unwise aud nnstakeu counsels of men who appear not to. com prehend the first principle of political omy, standing in the unparcutal relation of an obstructionist to the commerce of the people. By a system of inordinately high duties, never paralleled before in this country, we arc eut off'from using our own resources to the best advantage, while the Government, instead of reaping tho advan tage which the people lose, is actually cheating itself out of millions by pursuing a moro reasonable system of taxation, iu the articles subjected to customs' duties. It appears from the last report of tin, Commissioner of the Internal Revenue,, that the present average tax laid by the custom laws upon imported goods, is for ty-eight per cent, on tfie dutiable value of the goods. This is, every dollar of it, paid 1/ goldThe highest average duty •everjivied in this country before was for ty-oi,o per cent,, and that only for a brieSf spaci of three years. The actual duty;^« paid for a series of years prior to 1801, avenged only twenty and one-half per cent on the dutiable value of the goods imported. Is it wise to keep up, so long after the necessities of the war aro over, this moastrous advance of taxation, amounting, as ore have seen, to more than one hunl d ed per cent?— Cincinnati Commercial . articles of or consumption primary ne îe jpeoplc, and It. is the boun econ Goneral Canby, a oommander in South Carolina, has issued an order suspending executions end staying proceedings in all oases arising during the war ; suspending, sale« under foreclosure of mortgages providing for homestead exemption. ant The Judiciary CnnuurHee hove reported in favor of tho admission of Senator Thomas to his seat. The Poaatc has pot yet aetsd on the report. /