' " " - ll.11 1 ."'f' ?'??" ? ? I^ii-M^im lf? HMIIHHHIIIHII MM?.m>ji i??mm11 ? III- Iiira 1- 1-rv?^JiMjanr rjinr?a?
THE ABBEVILLE PRESS ANB BANNER
BY W. A. LEE AND HUGH WILSON. ABBEVILLE, S. C., FRIDAY, OCTOBER 22, 1869. * VOLUME XVII---NO. 2fi.
Now what should wo do ? In tin
first placc wo should erect a platforn:
and havo no dead wood in it, ami
discard all fossils and ibssililcroitt
1 ideas. If wo hope for success, wc
must nominate candidates upon ji
platform of principles, that will nol
insure defeat, but success.
It was all right and proper andoui
duty in the past political contests tc
fight against the Reconstruction A el;
of Congress, against negro suffrage,
and l'or our cherished principles, but
for the future let us not weaken out
party and embarrass ourselves l>_y
such fruitless opposition. The democracy
of noble old Virginia and ol
gallant .Mississippi and of redeemed
Tennessee will never lead us a I ray
but if followed will lead us to success,
"Wo know that there are some hardshell
.Democrats who under no circumstances,
could be induced to lake :i
LOVE AND AGE.
We doubt not tlint tunny a heart, covcrcd by
the fiosI of sixty winters, will read the following
beautiful lines with the emoaiois of younger
years crowding about it! and lie who never
attempts to read poetry of any kind will be
ijastaiuly touched when his eyes fall upon these
line?:
J played with you "mid cowslips growing,
\\ lieu 1 whs six and you were four;
"When gailiiud" weuviug. flower-belle throwing,
Were p!o:.s?rea soon to please no more,
Thr?' groves mid meads, tier grass and heather,
With li tie playmates, to and fro.
We wandered hand in hand together;
Uul that was sixty years ago.
You grow n lovely roseate maiden,
Anil still our earl lily love was strong;*
Still with no care our days were laden,
They glided joyously along;
And 1 did love y*-u viry ilearly?
How d?-iirly, words want, power to show ;
I thought your heart was touch as nearly;
liut'thnt w. s tifiy years ngo.
Then other lovers^anie around you,
Your bounty grew from year to year,
A i d inuny a splendid circle found you
Tne centre of it? glittering sj here,
I eaw yon then, lirsi vows forsaking,
Oil rank and wealth your hand bestow ;
O, thou I thought my heart wai breaking;
But that was forty years age.
AIM 1 lived on to woil another;
No cau.se she guv.- mo to r*p:uc;
And when I ho;;I'd yon were a mother,
I did uut wish the children lain.*.
I\1 y own yoimg flock, in fair prognssion,
jiuilt' up n pleasant Christmas l'?'\v ;
Mv joy in tlieiii was p-ist expression,
Uut thai was thirty years ago. I
Yon preiv a matron, plump and comely.
You dwelt in fashion's brightest blase;
My earthly lot was fur more homely,
15ut I too hud my festal days.
Ku merrier eyes have ever gli.-tei.ed
Around the hearth-stone's winter glow.
Than wlioniny joutigest child was ehristoucd ;
Uut that was twenty yeais ago.
Tho time passed. My eldest girl was married,
And now I am gramlsire grey ;
One pet of four years old I've eurricl
Anion; the wild flowered meads to play.
la our o d ti-1.1 of childish pleasure,
Where now, and then, the cowslips blow,
She tills her basket's amide liKUiUre?
And this is not ten years.
But though first love's impassioned blindness,
And shall do t.ill our last good nii;ht.
I still have thought of you with kindness,
And shall t.11 our last good uitjht.
Tile ever rolling siL-nt hour?
Will bring a time we shall not know,
W'lien our young davs of gathering flowers
Will !.. .... I..... I- M
For the Abb< v'.'.le rrc99 nnd Banner.
POLITICAL SITUATION.
>fn. E i>iTou.?1 beg leave to say a
few words in reference to what, in
our humble opinion, appears to be
our proper political policy at present,
and under existing circumstances.
The question aa once suggests itself
what is our situation, and what are
the circumstances by which we are
surrounded. Every man answers
that we are a conquered people, and
lire surrounded by circumstances the
inevitable result of that particular
situation. The consequence is our
.Stale government has been remodeled
to suit the views of our conquerors,
subverting our social system, impairing
the usefulness of our labor, making
severe exactions of us. imposing
heavy burdens upon us; they have
thus paralysed the energies and the
productive capacity of our population ;
they have created what wc never
before had to contend with, the antagonism
between labor and capital, and
that worse and more prolific source of
discord, the antagonism of races.
But not only has the foundations of
our ft la l e government been swept
away by the current of events, but
the government of the United States
lias been so construed, warped and
amended, to accord with the views of
the dominant party, that it has beyond
dispute culminated in nationality,
and is striding rapidly toward centralization,
which is apparent to every
mind capable oi reviewing the situa.
lion through the medium of philob
>ph ic-al composuro. Already a party
Kmnll lint enrti'.inxil" .1? -
.juiiiliviiu) Mi'jnij iu support
an influential journal, advocates
tlio abolition of tlic representative
principle of tlic government and the
creation of an empire.
The spirit and the principles of tho
old Kentneky and Virginia resolutions
upon which the Democratic tlioory of
our government was built, can now
now no longer occupy a place in tho
political creed of any parly that fights
for success; in oilier words no party
organization can ever hope for success
when it opposes the settled fundamental
theory of the government,
nnd here at this point, we may properly
ask what is the plain duty of outold
Democratic party at present.
Ought we any longer to incorporate
as part of our political* creed, States
rights, as understood before the war ?
Is it sensible in uh to continue at present
our opposition to the Ileconstruc
tion Acts of Congress? Can we gain
anything by opposing negro suffrage?
Ia anything to be gained by opposing
any right or privilege secured to tho
negro oy tho government? Now wo
take tho position that any 6uch opposition
at present is perfectly futile,
and is nothing moro or less than a
stupendous picco of folly. It is fighting
over a dead carcass. The questions
arc dead and have no vitality in
them. Virginia and Tennessee each
have a much greater white than black
population, yet their statesmen saw
the folly of contending under existing
circumstances, for the lost causo, and
tho wise pcoplo of theso states and of
Mississippi have determined to accopt
tho government as it is, and in our
opinion South Carolina would do well
to follow their example. Wo arofully
awaro that thoro aro somo persons
whoso minds aro so thoroughly im
vuuu wii>u mo jeiiorson, JVladison and
Calhoun theory of our government,
that thoy look upon all dissenters,
even now, as deserting their raeo and
their country. ? ?Such men will nover
be convinced that tho great principles
of these giant intellects have now no
poiitical vitality. To say tho least
of them, theso great principles are' cortainly|now
in abeyance, and wo think
that it would require as groat a revolution
to rcinstato theory as it did to
subv^i't thom.
# #
* ?
*
\ *
I
.single stop toward conciliation, concession
or compromise. They had
never learned that it is necessary foi
the minority, if they would increase
their party, they must concede somej
what to tho feelings and sentiment*
of the majority. 1 would not exactly
give the command right about face,
but I would certainly be willing to
march under the same commands that
gave success in Virginia, and it' Carolinians
ever hope to rule Carolina, we
must profit by her example.
CUIiLTAIL.
For tin* Abbeville l'rcis r.nd Banner
To tlio Farmers of Abbeville District.
I said in 1113- last communication,
that tlio profits of agriculture were
in proportion to the quality, and the
I extent of our operations.
| The term quality, us used in this
connection embraces every element
which enters in the production of tlio
plant, as well as the mechanical operations
necessary to put the soil in
such condition as will enable the plant
to take up the elements i>s tlicy are
needed. The developemcut of vegetable
life, is not unlike that of the
animal.
If we take an animal?a pig for
instance, and place it in a pen in such
condition, and under such circumstances,
that even though it may have
an abundance of food, yet it will
dwindle and perish for the want of
proper treatment. It requires a comfortable
pen?one suited to its necessities
upon which the owner has
bestowed some care and attention, as
well as a sufti'cicncy of food. So with
the vegetable. If we assign a pjiaee
of four feet square to the production
of a perfect ear of corn, it is not
enough that we plant the grain simply,
nor will it answer to feed it with
an ample supply of all the elements of
which it is composed?in either event
iL will fail to produce a perfect specimen
of corn. In die first place the
space allotted to it, must ho deeply
stirred, the deeper the better, and
and thoroughly pulverized. The
earth is simply the medium through
which the plant is enabled to take up
its food. 1'- is to the plant what the
ordinary culinary implements are to
men. The spoon of the plant. By
the thorough and deep disintegration
of the soil, a continuous supply of
Moisture, by condensation and altraction,
is obtained for the rootlets.
moisture mnv !>o ^ illr-1 ?l : 1
..... r WW w??>IVV4 HIV/ llllllUiiiai'.l
ol" the plant. Its food is conveyed by
moisture nnd if' there is n deficiency
of it the i>!:Uit will die.
Thus I>3' the deep and thorough
disintegration of the soil we obtain
from tiie plant the neces.sa.iy condition
of moisture, and u line circulation
of air with its attending benefits.
Having all the requisites as to condition
of soil, it only remains for us to
iced the plant with such food as the
soil is deficient in, then adopt that
system of cultivation, which will
enable us most effectually to destroy
the weeds and grass with the least
i,. 11...
>.>)< > ) ivy l.HU J Ijsjlti UI LI1U plUIU.
They should nol be disturbed if possible
to prevent it. As well ?jo into
the forest and cut tho roots of the
trees and expect them to flourish, sis
to cut the roots of the young plant
and expect to improve it. The above
is tbo quality and condition of successful
agriculture. It is that perHued
by every people where intelligent
free labor is employed ; when agriculture
is studied as a science.
With this view of the subject (it is
the correct one practically and theoretically)
what a vast area of surplus
land wo liave hero awaiting occupation.
Under tho above system we
may extend our area perpendicularly
as far as we please, to our profit, but
fifty acres laterally is as much as we
can use profitably now.
FIFTY ACRES.
Women as jurors.?This is one of
the phases of tho petticoat suffrage
question now being agitated. Onco
I armed with tho ballot, the duties of
sitting upon juries will be "imposed
upon" the ladies. Now it is a notorious
fact that men are far more lenient
and merciful to female criminals than
women are towards each otber outside
of tho court-rooin. If they will not
spare a weak frail one now, what will
tncy do when clothed with tho rights
of jurors? Imagine a young and pretty
woman, who has "stooped to folly,"
brought beforo a jury in which several
irascible and elderly spinsters hold the
balance of power, is it difficult to say
what tho verdict would be? Would
tho prisoner's beauty, or toars or reTkAniftnOA
4 Kftm 9 V !l
. ?- . ? winy, no.
If the young thing happenod to bo
tho plaintiff in a suit for breach of
promiso against a handsome, rich
young swell, would sho win her suit V
Truly, no. Could tho ladies on the
jury find it in their hearts to give a
verdict against "such a nico young
man ?" Iilcss you, no. Thus it is ovident
that with crinoline in tho jury
box neither would got justico.
^ ?
What aro you writing such a big
hand for, Pat?" "Why you sco my
grandmother is dafe, and I am writing
a loud letter to her."
m
j [From the 11 unil Carolinian.]
j Experiments with Barley and Clover.
> Aril. Kditor : The times havo elmng
od, :ind will? ihein must change many
t of the habits of our people. Old
i things have passed away, ami many
things have become new. Amongst
" none of our population are Uiom) facts
1 more materially realized than among
? the planters. in by-gone days the '
, Southern-planter wasdc J\tclo it dc jure, '
as the lawyers would say, truly and i
' really the monarch ol' all he survey- !
' od. The land and the laborers, ns
well as the produce, were equally merchantable.
JSot so now-a days. The
1 i laborer is the property of himself,
, j and is in most can's a perfectly irrc
' liable producer. The planter may
j purchase, but can seldom ell'ectively 1
I systematize labor; hence the necessii
j ty of becoming more self-reliant; and
I to become self-reliant, the Southern
| planter must not only change his hab1
its, but must also change his crops, his
culture, and his implements. More
' stock must be raised, that more man>!
ure may be made, that more hm?l mnv
j be enriched, that more land may ho
' realized. To feed more .stock, more
11 forage muni he housed . and to hou.se
inoro forage, crops i:i!ist ho grown
that require less cultivation. In
short, less cotton and corn must he i
grown, and more wheat, rye, oats, I
barley and clover must he sown.
Upon either of these grain volumes |
might ho written, whi< h. if read, j
would profit the South Carolina plan- j
tcr; but this article must he confined j
to a lew words upon clover, entirely j
practical and niggostive, and the simple
narration ot an experiment feasible
and profitable to the humblest
planter in the Slate.
On the tenth da}" of August, 18G7,
I enclosed ono and a half acres of old
red clay land, uncultivated for many,
many years, and too poor to cover its
own nakedness with a coat of weeds.
This lot was again divided into two
equal parts, and in each " pen " were
kept every night (alternating weekly)
twenty head of cattle and lil'ty sheep.
As olten as the pens were alternated
they were broken up with narrow
plows. If too hard, they were left
limn iiiiu, :inu men piowcu. -L lie lust
week in October, '07, the cross fence
was removed, the acre and :i hull' well
and deeply plowed and cross plowed
with one-horse plows, immediately
sown / with three bushels of barley
and plowed in with scooters. A peck
of clover weed was then sown and
harrowed in with a one-horse irontoothed
harrow. A perfect stand of
both barley and clover was secured, and
in March, 'OS, a bag ^2U0 pounds^ of
Soluble I'acilie was sown broadcast
upon the growing crops. On the
tenth of April I began feeding the
barley, and for six weeks it was the
only long forage fed to nine, head of
mules of horses, and every morning,
noon and night during that time, each
animal bad as much as he could cat.
in .November, '08, a bag of W'ando,
(100 pounds.) mixed with 100 pounds
of plaster, war; sown Lroadcast over
Lh'> nci'i' mwl M '..iir i.. >r? i- ?
?...V4 ?.% iitiu. j ii liirit
the clover was mowcvl with a Buckeye
Mower, and eight two-horse loads
of beautiful clover hay hauled oil' the
lot.
One half acre of the acre and a
half was measured and mowed to itself,
and housed and led to thirteen
mules and horse.-, and it supplied them
bountifully three times a day for eight
days and a third.
On the 7th of June a bag"of Alia
Vela guano, (U00 pounds, mixed with
100 pounds of plaster, was again sown
on the clover stubble, jusl. beginning
to grow oil' beautifully, and to-day,
22d June, thesccond growth of' clover
is nearly knee high, and as rich and
luxuriant as can be found in the limestone
lands of Kentucky. If July is
a seasonable month, the second crop
will, in all probability, yield eight
more loads of winter forage for cows
and sheep. This crop is said to be
injurious to horses and in it Ids, but ex-I
eelient for other stock.
Now, .Mr. Editor, the only difficulty
with the South Carolina planter in
raising an abundance of stock is the
lack of winter food. Our old fields
and uncultivated lands will forage ten
times the amount of stoek we have,
from 1st -May until the 1st November.
The fucd for the other t?ix months is
the rub. This can only be procured
by sowing small grain and clover.
Small grain straw, sheltered at the
threshing and salted as threshed, is
equal to good fodder, and far better
for winter feed than most of the fodI
dcr saved. And an acre of good eloI
VCr Will vifilll lll'ivn
__ j ~~?. ?<v*v Miiiivi iv.nij ill x 111 itely
superior to the best fodder, than
one frcedinan will pull from the corn
stalk during the whole month of August.
Then why will our planters not
grow clover? Let me beseoeh every
man who reads this article, if lie has
but a garden to attend, to sow a small
patch of clover seed, and treat it as I
did the above lot, and report in future
the result of his experiment. Nature
lias done much for our beloved section,
and we can do much more for
ourselves if wo will only make the
effort, and not allow Naturo's suggestions
to bo heathenized by tho lazy,
shiftless Ethiopian.
J). WYATT AIKEN.
Koopmansciiap's Pio Tails.?This
individualproposcs to furnish tho West
with swarms of pig tails on tho following
scale:
" This total cost of importation of
, Chineso to Now Orleans from China
is. 8130 gold. Contracts to be made
for flvo years. Wages, eight dollars
in gold or ten in currcncy, for good
1 fiold hands; fiftcon dollars in gold for
' railroad hands; advances mado to
' them in China, to bo deducted in
" monthly installments, two suits of
clothing por year. Each laborer's
contracts arc to bo mado for not less
than fivo years. Laborers to -work
; twenty-six days per month; also to
' have ono or two holidays during , the
commencement of their new year in
' March, i.
/ *
? 9
A Word to Farmers about Selli
tlioir Produce.
Farmers are often blamed for n
selling their produce as soon as it
ready for market. And it must
confessed thai those who do so, I
king one year with another, do ?pii
as well, all things considered, as the
who hold on in hopes of yetting big
er prices. They obtain their inon
soon after harvest, and arc cnabl<
to use it to advantage, Dealers
grain can obtain money much mo
easily than farmers, and can coin
ijiicntly hold the grain longer.
While, therefore, we think fannc:
often do better by selling early, the
is still room for the exer?*iso of jml
11.... : ....'....i
?ii* iii. "nv ivawii w n y iu n iiiii.li
host lo sell early is, that most farmo
suv disposed lo hold on to their gra
;is long as possible, and when tl
time comes thai I hey must sell, the
are more sellers than buyer*, and t
price declines.
It is a curious fact thai people go
erally are more inclined to sell wh
prices are low than when they a
high, When wool was 80 cents
pound, it was more dillicult to indu
larmers to sell than when it was <
cenls per pound. Last, fall, with r
wheal at in the interior
Michigan, larmers hesitated long
in making un their minds to let tlu
crops go than they did last summ
when they were offered 81.-3 lor tl
sumo wheat. 11 is a good rule to si
when you can get a price that w
at ford a good living profit. Karniei
at the present. time, would have he.
richer by millions of dollars tin
they are now hud they adopted tl
rule last autumn. We know ol'
great many who sold wheat tl
summer lor one dollar a bushel lc
than they refused for it last fall. T
whole nation suffered greatly .by tl
indisposition to sell when a go<
prieo could be obtained. We mig
have shipped all our surplus wheat
England at a fair price, but by hoi
ing on we lost the opportunity, ai
finally sold at a price below the ec
of*production. We should take t!
lesson to beas t.
On the other hand, when prices a
low we should not. lie in <i Ittimw
sell. Sound wheat is an article tli
will keep, and il is an article that
always required, and it is absolute
certain that it can not long remain
a price much beiow the cost of pi
duction. We can not hold out hop
to such farmers as grow only ton
twelve bushels of wheat per aci
that I hoy will obtain prices suflicie
to compensate them ibr their lal?t
The country must be in a very unsi
^factory condition when such is tl
case; but we do lirmly believe th
there is no reason 10 doubt t!
farmer who raises good crops is r:i
in calculating that sooner or later I
will be able to obtain such a price 1
i.: :n 11 i... 1
in * w 111;ill; iir> n ui VJLUlUlU llllll LU 111 i
:i lair profit.
Then* is one fuel in this eonncclh
which .should not ho overlooked. In
cool, laic, wet season in England' tl
wheat crop is always below the avt
age. And they have had such a sc
son this year. On the other hand,
is very doubtful if the wheat crop
the United States is as large as \v
anticipated. We feel tolerably ci
lain, therefore, that before anolh
harvest, wheat will bring a price si
ficienlly high to afford the whe:
grower a good living profit. J
.should be satisfied with this. I.
should be in no hurry to take less.
The question arises: What pri
should wo obtain lor wheat, to alio:
us :t fair profit? At the prose
price of implements, machines, ai
other necessary articles, not forgt
tiny labor and taxes, we shall n
obtain extravagant ]>roiits, il' we s<
good, sound red or amber wheatsay
in Michagnn?lbr 81.50 per busln
A farmer who raises anything k
than twenty bushels per aero w
not get very rich, even if he oblai
in our present currency. 81.75 lbr r
wheat, and 82.00 for choice whi
wheat. When we can get these li
urns in ordinary seasons, it is n
safe to hold on too long ; but whe
immediately after harvest, the pri
is much below these figures, tho
who can afford to hold their whe
run very little risk of loss in doing f
?American Agriculturist,
A Golden Wedhinu.?And before
dose 1 must say a word about a ben
tifu! golden wedding, attended in o
pretty suburban villiagcs last wee
There is something almost holy in U
dernoss and sweetness in the thoug
of a couple united in youth' walUii
together for fifty years through t
bright noon of middle life, through t
pleasant declining of later yea
?down to the sunset?and the slip
ows of age. Time's hand has touch
them together. Sido by side, throui
the changeful years' they have rojo
eb and sorrowed. By green pastun
and clo.so beside the still waters, tin
feet havo been led?down to bitt
Marah, through weary lands, comfc
ed and uphold bccauso together trui
ing in God, they have walked ai
known no fear.
Fifty years together, liko tw
barks upon a restless sea, throtj
storms and calm sailing together,-no:
? .i <1.. f t .
1II? wgutiiur LIU) jJUUUUlUl poi'fc, t
Hummer haven of God's fair land.
When the voyago is onded, when spi
odors and seaward drifting blooi
shall proclaim "Land at last," this si
the vcrgo of silver breaking seas, mi
tho good ships sail into port togoth<
anb cast another side by sido on ot<
nity's qnict tido. The couplo whr
golden wodding wo celebrated aro w
known. Thoir homo is at prose
with their son and daughter. Jivei
thing that filial lovo can do to ma
that homo pleasant is cheerfully i
corded, ^ho day of tho annivorsa
dawned?one of tho brightest days
early fall. Tno cci^omony was hold
just tho hour of tho day of tho wc
that they were united fifty years a<
?Bcrvutif\il flowers in lavish grofqsi
were scattered ovory where. " Snii
and good chccr, and sun bright fac
Dg fairer than flowors, thronged house
ami grounds. It wan indeed a joyful
occasion, without u shadow to cloud
ot itH brightness.
he
i.^ From tlifi Journal of Agriculture.
^ Suvo tho Cora.
I(( An annual income equal to tho value
<>t' corn wasted and destroyed by ver!
mill, in f-ingle counties, would make
j(i I one rich in a very few yearn.
The waste on single farms is KOinctimes
ten per cent, of the entire crop,
in this year of anticipated short crops
of corn, it is worth while to try to
stop the leaks.
Jt is provoking to have the cattle
i7. break into the Held and dostrnv tlw<
rs krov,"'nrt cw?P, but doubly nolo sec tho
j^j corn destroyed by tho rats after being
lj(> boused in the crib. But this provocation
may bo very easily and cheaph'
1^ avoided.
In tho corn-growing regions \vc
have noticed tbat a principal pari of
on the crop is stored in temporary cribs
rc or poles, and often without any covcring.
These pens arc laid but a few
inches from tiie ground, and afford a
most excellent barber for rats, which
iMj will eat, or contaminate and render
0j. unlit for use a very large part of the
er corn.
,j,. We rccommend for a cheap, teinpoL>1.
rary, rat-proof crib, first four round
u. posts sot firmly in the ground, extend,|!
! ing about two feet above the surface,
HI ! putting them at the corners of a
,s I square area, eight feet on each side.
On each of these lay a sleeper, and on
U1 ! these lay rails or poles, and build the
,jH j crib in the usual way ; but before stor..
I iii?' nnv ftorn citliop *i?? ?? elw.r.i
li o ?/ w,v,,v' " ",,v
,js iron unci nail to the upper purl of the
!SS posts, letting it extend about half way
|l(, from the top to the ground, and en,js
tirely round the post, and to he nailed
on smoothly. This simple arrangc)lL
nient will save a large amount of corn,
L0 which for a year and more will ho
,1. money.
,,j For a permanent crih, or granary,
we would adopt the same style of
[1C foundation?making the posts a little
higher, hut not so high as to otter a
,.c lemtation for tho storage of plows or
tools. The space under the crib
should be kept entirely clcar of evory
kind of plunder, and even of weeds.
iy . w c once built a rail* crib as above
;it uesenocu in misstate, ana our neigh o
b?n*s ridiculed it as a Yankee contries
vnnce\ but while bushels of corn, with
or the cliit oaten out, wore found under
e some of their cribs in tlio spring, no
u[ rat or mouse ever found his way into
)r our "Yankee contrivance."
Another method of saving corn, or
|10 of making a little go a great ways in
feeding stock, especially hogs, is to
|1C mix other feed with it. We recollect
lf0 that forty years ago the farmers in
[ie New Kngland raised hogs that weigh 01.
ed from four to six hundrod pounds
[?^ without feeding much corn to them.
Hut little corn grow there, and thero
jn wero.no rauroaus to import it, nor
n were the Cheater Whites, or any other
|,c of tho superior modern breeds then inu._
trodueed there; and yet we know that
,u_ the hogs taken to market from the
it neighborhood in which we were acDf
quainted were, on the average, a good
as deal heavier than those brought to
,r_ any Western market for the last tihrty
or years.
tjL In fattening these hogs, peas wero
Xl. often used to a considerable extent,
[0 they were ground with oats and tho
[0 meal scalded. .Sometimes pumpkins
or potatoes were boiled and mashed,
c.c and "provender" (oats and pea meal)
mixed with them.
nt J*y somesuch method as this, we bel(]
lieve that farmers could fatten their
*t- hogs with much less corn than is com
~ I
ok *i??viuy intm. x wtatuuo ui u > \ ?umiii,j[
(hint and chtap, might bo profitable
fed to hogs ; ouls are liot dear. 11* sv
.] mixture of outs and corn were ground
.ss iiiid led willi boiled potatoes, increasi21
"ig the propolion of corn towards the
ns last, we believe the result would show
L.(j that pork can be made with hall'the
tc. corn general!y used?pork, too, that
,r_ will not shrink in the pot. Bran, also,
ol |S a very good feed for hogs in warm
.n weather; it promotes their growth,
ee and at present is very cheap.
Hc ]Jy the liberal use of brains in dcvising
wa}'s anil means, and a little
so# muscular effort in preparing tho feed,
we believe that even if the corn should
be as short as is now expected, it will
be sufficient to fatten the usual amount
j I <>f pork, and leave a surplus ample for
,u_ other purposes. In oilier words, if
ne pi"?pcr economy is observed by every
,jc one in the use of corn, we'believe there
.,,1 will bo no scarcity.
ng United States Supreme Court
be
he The Supreme Court of tho Unitod
its States began its first fall session Montd
day, under the law of Congress. Tho
ed Court consists of nino judges, but sinco
r*h tho doath of Justio^ Wayno?tho vaie
cancy still existing?the number has
cs, been reduced to eight, a3 follows:
jir Hon. Salmon P. Chase, ol'Ohio. ap,cr
pointed on the 6th of Dccombor, 1864,
>rt by President Lincoln, from the Fourth
st- Circuit, composed as follows: Marynd
land, WoBt Virginia, Virginia, North
Carolina, and South Caaolina.
in lion. Samuol Nolson, of New York,
?h appointed by President Tyler, on tho
?r- !Hh of January, 1845, from tho Second
ho Circuit, composed of tho States of
Now York, Vormont, aub Connecti
cy cut.
ma lion. Robort C. Grier, of Pennsyldo
vania, appointed August 4th 1845' by
ay President Polk, from tho Third Cir
Br, cuit, composed of tho States of Ponm
>r- sylvania, Now Joraey, and Delaware
>90 lion. Nathan Clifford, of Maine ap
ell pointed January 12th, 1858, by Prcsi
snt dent Buchanan, from tho First Circuit,
y- composed of tho States c#Maino, New
kc Hampshire,Massachusetts, and Ithodo
ac- Island.
ry Hon. Noah II Swayno, of Ohio, apof
pointed January 4th, 18(12,. by Presiat
dent Lincoln, from the Sixth Circuit,
ck composod of tho States of Ohio, Mich^o.
igan, Kentucky, and Tanncspeo.
on Hon. S. F. Miller, of Iowa, appointles
ed by President Lincoln, July 10th,
es, 1862; from, tho JSigth. Circuit, com,
! ' .
0
posed of tlio States of Minnesota, Iowa,
Missouri, Kansas and Arkansas.
lion. David Lavis, of Illinois, appointed
December 8th, 18G2, by President
Lincoln, from the Seventh Circuit,
composed of the States of Indiana,
Illinois, and Wisconsin.
Jlon. Steven J. Field, of California,
appointed March 10th, 18(JU, by President
Lincoln, from the Ninth Circuit,
composed of the States of California,
Ore/jan, and Nevada.
The vacancy is the Fifth Circuit,
composed of the States of Ceorgia,
'Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana,
and Texas.
There will be two annual sessions ol
the Supreme Court hereafter, in Washington?one
in the autumn, the other
in the spring.
AUGU1NG WITH WOMEN.
The generality of women may perhaps
he a little inferior to the .generality
of men in conscious analysis ol
the processes of thought; but it is not
I liiu tvliif.i. : -
v..iw m niv.li vv?uii;o |7 II11VJ11 Kli ly
into play in the course of an ordinary
social argument. Swell an argument
generally consists, in tin; main, of the
production by one oide of contrary
instances against the universal propositions
ha/.arded by the other side?a
struggle in which ready wit and a
serviceable memory for details are
much more valuable than any power
of analysing the laws of thought.
.Nor is il satisfactory to say that
men do not argue with women because
women argue only for victory, and
not for truth. Women are, in this
respect, neither much better nor
much worse than men. Very fewpeople,
either men or women, argue
with a pttro desire to elucidate the
truth, and in a spirit of indifference
to their ow.n personal success; because
in the first place an argument is not
a ^process whereby ignorant people
can usually become better informed ;
and even if it were, in the second
place, almost all people are carried
away in the heat of argument to
forget everything but the personal
sense of competition, and the desire
of victory which that competition
now excites. And it is by the light
of this consideration that we see the
true reason why men dcclino to argue
with women. All argument is, in fact
except in the tho case of a few singularly
well-trained dispositions, a personal
strife or combat. It is like a
gamo of choss between two moderate
players, in which the love of science
is almost always swallowed up by the
desire to win. It is in faeL, a duel.
And any one who remember*
that to all duelling it is essential thai
the weapons and the laws of the combat
be equal to both combatants, will
see at once why men cannot argue
with women. A man arguing with a
woman is at a i'atal disadvantage.
Neither the weapons nor the laws ol
combat arc equal. He lights with a
blunted sword, or a blunderbus; she
with a double edged rapier, or an
"arm of precision." lie must stand,
but not deliver the fire of personalities,
lie must not outstep certain bounds,
whereas her range is unlimited. He
is strictly forbidden to deliver certain
cftectivo thrusts or "shocks," as sho
calls them, ile must not "shock her
delicacy"?a very favorite rcstrictioe
with rather unbred women, and with
American ladies. JLe must not shako
her faith?a restriction under which
most women require an argument
upon any of tho most deeply interesting
problems of the day to be conducted.
And she is to bo the umpire
or arbiter, whether he breaks any of
these restrictions. Jn short, argument,
even with an able woman, is a
game tho law of which is "Heads,
I you win ; tails, I lose"?a gamo at
i which no sensible mnn tn uImv
? ? --v "
4^4
Modern Journalism.
The New York Mail presents some
notes of a conversation on editorial
management with Mr. Frederick Hudson,
who for years, and until quite recently,
held the position of managing
editor of the New York llorald. To
Mr. lludHon is due tho lion's share of
the credit for the extraordinary
achievements and prestige of tho Her
aid as a newspaper, and it is interesting
to read tho professional theories of
so eminent and successful a worker in
the field of journalism :
In considering the philosophy of
journalism, Mr, Hudson said that he
did not know of any general principal
on which a good newspaper may
ho made, ko miifdi clononils nnnn tlm
material, viz: News, which the editor
has at hand, and very different results
under circumstances. He seemed
to consider enterprise in obtaining
news tho primo quality, and said that
if ho was again in chargo of a leading
. metropolitan paper ho would use the
telegraph in all cases rather than resort
to the mails, lie thought the
New York dailies might retain their
present supremacy by such measures,
as they could always afford to givo the
fuller and better reports of cvonta
than any ono else, llo contrasted
modern newspapers with thoso of thirty
yoars ago, when tho Washington
National Intelligoncer was tho stand
ai'd of cxccllcnco, and said that the
editors of thoso papors, with theii
ponderous discussions of party politic?
and Whito Houao intrigues, had nc
mn/innfiAn nf Anw
wiivv|/vivii v* win i/uwij v/l juiuiiui
ism. Ho favored anonymous writ
ings, as tho orodit of tho paper waf
incroasod by ovory lucky hit of itf
omployocs.
. A ncwopapor should ho thorough
ly systematized and divided into dc
pautmonts. Tho tendency of tho tim<
is towards speciality, though vcrsatil
Sty is tho most dosirablo quality as t
jonrnalist. Duo proportion should l><
given to tho rolativo value of news
and no subject should bo allotted mon
space than it descrvos. Tho mistak<
must not be mado of giving longei
notice to mattors than porsons intor
estedin them can find tiraeulo read
, Thus in tho case of labor reports, t
modovat^ amount of ttibor room woulii
' . > ? 'iAtiu'tf " )((./'. i- ;
^ rri >- . "1 ?
i\ f,v n^.i ,r. ..
suffice, as workmen cannot afford timo A
ta read column notices.
In discussing tlio consistency which
a newspaper should maintain, Mr.
Hudson expressed tlio opinion that it
mattered but little how inconsistent a c,
paper was if it kept up with public t(
opinion. Ho cited the cukc of the y
change of sentiment regarding llio ar- a
rest of Mason and Klidcll, of which
the Herald had early information, and ^c,
adapted its tone according, as an ininstance
in point. He thought that a c'
first-class journal should bo perfectly ^
impersonal and independent of all -s]
advertising or other considerations, a
and seemed pleased to hear that the a
tendency of our leading journals was c
strongly in thin direction. li
Mr. 11 udson spoke with admiration ti
of James <lordon liennett as a journ- h
alist, and also of 0. A. Dana, 11. J. c,
Raymond and Horace (Jroelcy. The t|
latter, lie said, might bo a perfect Q
journalist if he socliosc, and possessed
a native genius for the profession. ^
MARRIAGE LAWS k
o
Just before the adjournment of the li
rcccnt session of the Jlritish House of* li
Commons?which was a very much \v
overworked body, according to all ac- ].
, counts?a number of important sub- >
jeets were ]iosj>oncd; among them a
thatoftho marriage laws introduced o
by Sir iioundcll Calmer. An intelli- ft
gent writer to the Mew York Times S(
makes the following notice of this t;
matter: ' t
The principal of religious equality, il
, now practically recognized for the
first time three centuries after the lie- g(
formation, seems to require some sort ti
i of equality, and, if possible, uniformity, g
in the laws relating to marriage, j
The laws, as they now exist, .Sir
i Roundcll may well call extraordinary. n
. Jn England people aro married by i,
? bans, or dispensed from them by a
I license, in church marriages no reg- ft
istrar is required to be present: among s<
non-conformists his attendance is re- v
i quisitc. The Quakers have a separate v
law all to themselves. Jf the place b
i where the marriage is celebrated has t(
not been properly consecrated, the 1)
, marriage is invalid. It can only be a
performed within certain hours?nov- d
or later than 11 A. M. In Scotland t
, thero marriage by simple consent of d
Luc parties; marriages according to ri
three or four different laws, and ir- S
regular marriages, which make people B,
liable to a line; but the payment of h
tho fine legalizes tho marringo, and ti
this is n common mode of procedure, a,
In Ireland there is one law for Pro- tl
i testant churchmen, another for Pros- 0
, byterians, and no law at all for Cath- jj
olics, except a law of pains and penalities
in certain cases. If a Roman a
Catholic priest should presume to col- c
, ebrate a marriage between a Roman c
Catholic and Protestant, or even bc'
tween a Roman Catholic and a person
, who had been a Protostant within a
year of tho marriage, till comparative
ly a recent tune, thut was a capital of1'enco
of a very high order and the
marriage is absolutely void. Of tho
irregular Scottish marriages. Sir Ifoundell
has the horror that might bo expeetcd
in an English lawyer and ,
church man, and liis description of
them is technical and droll. Ho Kays: Sl
The system of irregular marriages e
in Scotland is a very startling thing v
to those whoso minds arc not thorough- si
ly accustomed to it. It is contracted g
in two different ways. Suppose an}' n
gentleman in this houso visited a ti
house in Scotland whore a young lady n
happens to ho staying, and that he e
' and the young lady took a wallc to- n
gethcr, and in the courso of the walk e
lie took a piceo of paper out of his t
rvAf.lrnf nn i m^
|/v/vituvt Wil it UlV/11 tllVJ tVlASIVs UUWII IV ^
inutuiil promise to marry; though the J
piece of paper might bo simply put s
back again into his pocket; though rnothing
might bo said to anybody 1?
about the writing: and though nobody *else
might be there at the time, if the a
persons afterwards lived in a certain p
way together, that would be a valid p
marriage, although nobody might n
know of the fact of tho mairiagc for it
years afterwards. No mere promise fi
will constitute a marriage unless it be
in writing, and xinXcs'* subsequent copula. ^
A promise so given and so followed ?
constitutes a good marriago, however *
long it may be kept sacred. There is
anouier even moro extraordinary r
mode, in which 110 writing at all is nc- ^
cessary; and thai is where tho prom- j"1
i.se is made no.t de fulitro, but depresenti "
where tho woman sa3*s 'I take you,
John, for my husband,' and where the &
man says, 'I take you, Mary, for my b
wife,' before witnesses. A promise of b
that kind being brought up at any fu- a
turo period, even although tho pooplo t<
havo never lived together, will hold
good, and will ba sufficient to overturn v
- any perfectly honorable and rcputablo ^
; marriage that cither of tho parties ?
may havo subsequently onterod into: ^
and this actually occurred in tho celc>
bratod Dalrymple case. ?
' v
There is a "Carlyle and Emerson as- p
1 sociation" in London. Its object is hot
[ altogether plain to uninitiated eyes, v,
. but "every admirer of Carole, Emor
, Bon, Mathow Arnold, etc., is earnestly
on?agcth whatever his position, to co- *
, operato on the movement." Tho as.
sociation publish a magazine called
j The Idealist. That this magazino i& in
> want of subscribers is porhaps a sordid ?
. reflection. ?
1 0
_ I D
" 1
J English biblical critics aro debating j
i whother the glass rofcrred to by Bt.
Paul, through which his hcarors ^paw
darkly', was "a sort of semi-translucent *
* slag; or ono of our artificial crystals,"
J or n mirror; whotlior it was a glass to <
' bo looked through or only into. The 1
1 latter viow is favored by Archbishop i
3 Trench. ' . t
j A traveler stoppod at an. inn in a 1
r neighboring village, and finding Iho (
- landlord and landlady fighting cried,}
. odt: "Hallo who keopft tlris house.?" f
i Xho \Jri.fo. replied ;j. /f^hat'e just what, J
I wc arc trying to decide." - id
' ' '{ ;? ? t iuHt'i) s->
" ' [
' ' ' * , / ' i'. \ ? <: . i
l Useful Little Woman.?Secretary Seward's
Lady Scribe.
Washington Correspondence N. Y. Mnil.
On looking over a copy of the
^rrc.snondence jnst issued, I -was
jld tnat many of the dispatches
lorein were "written by a lady."
is the story is an interesting one, I
;nd it. A year ago last August,
Ir. So ward went to Auburn to relive
a visit at his home, from
ihinoso Embassy. Two weeks were
pent in entertaining the Celestials,
nd the Secretary then took a fiuaL
dieu ol' Mr. liurlingame and rctnrntl
to Washington As a result of
is absence, there was a big inouu?
iii 11 of unanswered dispatehes on
is desk awaiting attention, some of
onsidcrable importance, for just at
iiat point a revolution had broken
ut in Venezuela and our Minister
ceded instructions, liver sincc his
ttempted assassination Mr. Seward
ad used a phonographcr, being una1c
to write himself for any length
f time with his injured arm without
itigue. Unhappily, two days after
is return, his {Secretary fell sick
rith typhoid fever. No one in the
)cpartmcnt could write short-hand,
[early all the phonographers were
way on their vacations, lie thought
I' sending to New York after n man,
fv liis embarrassment was becoming
jrious. lint the next day his Secreiry's
wile, a young lady of about
kvenly-threo years of age, camo to
be department, said who had studied
hort-liand a little, and offered her
crviccs. Mr. Seward gladlyacccpted
hern. On trial she proved to bo as
ood as her husband. For six weeks,
uring his sickness and convalcsecnee,
he worked steadily at tho Dcpartlent
at a time when there was moro
> do than for months before, writing,
s a clerk said, " cords of dismttoliM "
rom her notes during tlic day, and
omotimes taking the inoro hurried
rorlc home in the evening. Moanrhile
she got the meals for thrco
oadcrs with her own liands and docBred
her liusband and Bister entirely
crsclf, leaving a negro nurso to look
Iter them during her abscnce oaeh
ay at tho Department. And'boaidos
his she snatehed a fow minutes ovory
ay to make two dresses and garments
that she needed. Secretary
cward was very proud of his littlo
cribe. Ho took her home daily in
is carriage, showed her every attenion
at the Department,and remarked
t tho end of lior six week's work
hat he thought she knew moro about
ur foreign relations than any woman
1 the country. This hidy, with conidcrable
pluck, after having graduted
at two medical collogcs in this
ountry, has gono alono to Yienua to
ompleto her studies.
From the Tuscalvosa Observer, Sept. 24.
Manufacture of Paper from Cotton
Stalks.
The value of tho cotton plant is
ufliciently appreciated in all parts of
lie world, and especially in our o\va
action of it. It is destined, how-p
ver, to rise still higher in public fa?
or, for it is now ascertained that the
talks, after the crop has all been
athercd, aro available for paper
laking. We owe this to the invonve
powers and research of our townalan,
Dr. J. B. Head, to whom a pat?
nt lias just been issued for this new
lanfacture. Okra paper, also patnted
by this gentleman, is destined
d an important place amorig[ American
manufactures, but we pr&Jicif *^
till higher place for his last discovey.
"\Ve examined last winter sarnies
of Okra paper made at the
Ihickasaboguc Mill, near Mobilq,
nd concluded at once that Okrapaer
was much too good for.ordinary
rinting purposes. It was like paper
lade from linen rags, and will find
,s proper place for book printing and
ne stationery.
Cotton stalk naiwr. wa -will
t 1 ' I ? ""
ave more the characteristics of pier
made from comrndto cotton rags.
Cotton and Okra belong to' the
atne botanical ovder, and the stalks
aving very silex in. their coniposiion,
both will make soft and flexile
paper. , ,-r
Newspaperdom will find at last, In
otton stalk paper, what has so long
ecn desired, a supply of cheaper ana
etter paper, as the raw material is
lmost without limit, and has hithera
been a waste product.
In the name of the press, therefore,
re hail the new invention. The pa er
mills of the Middle and Norlhrn
States must give imniedfat*)'Intention
to securing Okra, which thtiy
an grow within sight of their rrtilfs,
f they hope to compete successfully
with the South in tho manufiwltiffybf
Ittie whole of the cottopL static,
without tho necessity_'df Viy;usepirnti/in
aP nnrfa ia ovnllotvl*
' wvtvta Wft. 10 MVailClUk^ XVI'
>apcr making, and n<0 curing is
iccessarv, save what it receives iu
ho field. Neither are there re[uired
any expensive procoea or
hanges in machinery. If ia*evilent
that rags cannot compete
uccessivply with Waste field crops,
ike ojkra of cotton stalks; neither
ma Esparto broom any Chance fbr
ucccsaful rivalry, on this. . bW& of
ho. Atlantic, at least u.; ? ., j r
This new. manufacture is, iu ppr
>pmiou, (leatiuea to rauK ui irr>y^ratce
and value, if property pushed''
'orward, with tho sowing inftchino
ind India-rubber-' patonts, A^bkh.
*re known to bo worth at 'leas*' a
million each. X)r. Read isdesifWts
>f diepqsing Wf orft^haH"
this iu'v^nti^fi^ t6
cS}^c?:f ^{) ,fir
(I'uq tUA't; ntnto jn%
?'.! ! ;.'J 7 !i;wii:(.ao'j le.Vft (!T?rmi?
! "! \'i :,i '.'V tiJ-xf ) >(iUiA-ff
' ,.vi? v>Hsv>(I !<> *?*
.: v 1 tf.d (JtimY. infa