THE ABBEVILLE PRESS AND BANNER. 1
BY Jf. A. LEE AND.HUGH WILSON. . i . li 7 ABBEVILLE. S. C., FRIDAY, DECEMBER 3. 1869. votttiwc wtt
, , , i i??i i _
EMPORIUM OP FASHION.
Fall and Winter, 1869?Specialties?
Dry Goods and Millinory.
Messes. Fowlt.r & McDonald aro
now hotter prepared to show the Ladies
of Abbeville District a handsome
stock of Dry Goods than ever boforo.
The Ladies aro especially invitod to
examine their stock boforo buying.
They will always strivoto keep goods
suited to tho taste of the Ladies of
our District. In the Drees Goods Department
they lmvo beautiful plain,
striped and plaid Poplins, DcLanes,
Empress Cloths, lteps, Flannels,
Silks, etc., Black Alpacas, Opera
Flannel, DeBages and Silks. They
have a full stock of House Furnishing
Goods in Blankets, Counterpanes,
Sheetings, Towelingp, Curtain Materials,
Shades, Table Damasks, Diapers,
Long Cloths, Napkins, Doylas, Linens,
Carpetings, and "Wall Papering.
Also, Hosiery, Gloves, Braids, Tapes,
llankerchiefs and everything in
"White Goods.
In tho Gentlemen's Furnishing Department
they have a splendid line
m i,i<nnn, tjassimercs, Uorduroj'S,
Jeans, Kerseys, Shawls, Collars,,
Cull's, Cravats, Ilose, Suspendors,
. Shirt Fronts, Gloves, Shirts, and
Drawers.
Abbeville can boast of as fine a
Millinery House as any in in tho
State of South Carolina?in fact, as
fine as any in any city, North or
South. Tho Btock will compare with
any Iletail House in Charleston, Baltimore
or New York. Tho Ladies
can have no plea for sending off for
their millinery any longer, for Messrs.
Fowler & McDonald can show as pretty
goods, as fine goods, as stylish
goods as can bo found in Baltimore
or New York. And, besides, they
can prove their prices to bo from 25
to 50 percent, lower than city prices.
Thwv hsrp nvpvw nfvU nf II.it on/I
Bonnet that is out. Should any new
and novol style make its appearance
in New York, they have arrangements
by which to get it immediateh*,
hence there is no necessity for the Ladies
of Abbeville to pay city prices
when they can do better at home.
Mrs. Sassard has had experience,
both in Europe and America, and, wo
think, has the confidence of every
Lady of taste in Abbeville, She. is
assisted by Mrs. Jno. A. Wicr whose
good taste and sk^ in this Department
is well known to tho Ladies of
A bbeville, and will always bo pleased
to see her friends at the Emporium of
of Fashion. Mrs. Sassard and ftlrs.
Wier will lake pleasure to show the
Ladies, Flowers, Feathers, Bridal
Wreaths, Plumes, Birds, Ornaments,
Kibbons, Sashes, Curls, Switches,
Chignous, Embroidered and Braided
Y?kos and Bands, Skirts, Corsets,
Pads, Breast Protectors, Buttons,
Trimmings, Laces,. Edgings, Cloaks,
Shawls. Nubias. Hoods. Fin* HnncH I
and Muffs, Breakfast Shawls, Collars,
Cuft's. Chemisette, Necklaces,
Shell and Gold Beads, eut and uncut
Velvets, Satins, Silks, trimmed and
untrimmed Patterns for all kinds of
Ladies' and Misses' Garments from
E. Butterick & Co.. and Madame
D em orest, of New York, Itouchcs,
Netts, Illusione, etc., etc.
They pay particular attention to
the getting up of Bridal Bonnets,
Veils, etc.. and promptly attend to all
orders from a distance.
Salesmen in Dry Goods Department
?J as. W. Fowler, W. T. McDonald, |
MarshaU P. DeBruhl.
Millinery Department?Mrs. Sussard
and Airs. Wier.
liy adhering strict^- to the cash system
they are enabled to sell fine goods
at reasonable prices.
VALUABLE LANDS~
jFor sale in Abbeville. Importat to
Lund Buyers.
yfl ACRE lot in Greenwood, with fine
improvemente; 80 acres in original
forest?large youiijr orchard. This place cau
be bought low, as the owner has no use for it.
Two 16 acre lots on main street, in same village,
well improved.
*Three vacant lots near depot, desirably located,
greater portion of each in forest', containing
from 30 to 200 acres. One tract of 800
acres, known as White Hall; 800 acres in fore?t,
60 acres prima bottoms; well improved,
and contains an exce'lent store house, hnd is a
good mercantile Mand.
Ona farm on Saluda river, of 850 acres, 120
] forest; 20 acres in new bottoms, 100 acres
f uplands fins for cotton, all under good fence,
comfortably improved for tenants.. Excelleot
Mis oa tbe river and well adapted to machinery.
. ...
One form adjoining the above on Turkey
- creek, of 450 acres, 100 acres upland cleared,
CO acres food bottoms, balance in original fo;
at aud pines, fencing good, and good tenant
houses.
Oue farm of '22 acres, in Edgefield, five
miles from Ninety 8ix depot, 65 acres in cultivation,
orchard from 3 to 4 acres, trees in good
cond^ton.' This place ia well -improved.
One farm of 800 acres, in Edgefield?exceleat
timber.
One farm of 900 acrees, ia Abbeville, on
Cromer's creek. 100 acres in bottoms, well imoroved
for teuanta.
One farm of 300 aoree, on same creelc, superior
cotton land 125 acres of aaperior bottoms?-io
fiue condition.
On* farm of 600 acres, on same creek, superior
improvements for family residence; land
f the first quality.
The above lands can be boagbt low,
Fer terms apply to the Land Company, at
Greenwood. J. T. PARES,
W. K. Blaki, President.
Secretary. 25 tf
CLOTHING EMPROIUM.
W. T. HOKE
Offers for sale alarge and well selected etook of
GLOTRIHG,
Gentleman's Furnishing Goods.
Hats, Trunks, Umbrella*, Ac., which wars
bought at low price* and will baaold cheap
North Carolina Bank Bill? bought. ,
Store on liaao Street* *few doora below
tba Colombia Haul. :
Oct g, lOTt,
A fall assortment of
BBran,?
- -^ilwajra on btad and for tale br
j " IH; -.i j J* KNOX Ir CV;
.5 7, ">r >
wmr m
PURSAANT to nn order of llieCircuit
Court, for tlie Vlh Judicial Circuit,
llie Executors of SAMUEL MARSHALL,
'DEC'D, will sell on the
1 .j l/n r? * ^ "
Asi in via jjj\ r o/ JLtec., next,
AT ABBEVILLE C. II,
Within the legal hours of sale, a tract of
land belonging to estute of said deceased,
containing
Six Hundred and Seventy-two
Acres,
Moro or less, situated on Curltail Creek,
about seven miles I'roa* Greenwood. Belonging
to this traet is a
Fine Flour ail Grist Mill.
I Known as The Marshall Mills;" the
Muchinery having been renewed in 18G7.
TERMS:
"The purchaser to pay in cash <:osls of
sale, for stamp and papers. Balance on a
credit o( twelve months, with interest from
dale, Rnd secure purchase money by approval
bonds and mortgage of lhe premises.
S. S. MARSHALL, )
j- Executors.
J. W. W. MARSHALL, )
ALSO, at the same time an J place the
Executors of Samuel Marshall doo'J,
will sell that valuable plantation known as
"THE HOMESTEAD,"
On which Mrs. E C. Marshall now resides.
This tract contaius about
Fourteen Hundred Acres,
Situated within six miles of Greenwood, in
a healthy and good neighborhood, well
adapted to the cultivation of cotton, corn,
anu Einan g'am, wuu goou improvements,
consisting of a
Large and Comfortable Dwelling,
with all necessary out-buildings, suitable
for a well - regulated plantation. this
place will be divided aud
Sold in Three or Four Tracts,
tbe plots of which will be exhibited on
day of Hale. These are valuable tracts of
land?a large proportion of which consists
of fine wood lands.
TERMS:
These tracts will be 6old on a credit of
one and two veara. with intaraqt. fmm
and to Ira paid annnally, the purchase
money to be secured by bond, and approved
security, and a mortgage of the
premises. The purchaser to pay in cue.1i,
for costs of sale, for stamps and papers.
ALSO, at the same time and place, the
Executors will sell that
Desireable House and Lot,
in the Village of Greenwood,
Known as the Donelly lot, belonging to
the estate of Samuel Mai shall dei:M, and
now occupied by the IIl-v. A. A. Morse.
The improvements consist of AN EX
l ntu-siutll JJ\V?.LL1.MJ,
uud all oecessary out-buildin ?b.
TERMS:
This lot will.be sold on a credit of
twelve months, with interest from date, the
purchaser to give bond .vilb approved iecuriiy
and a mortgage of the premises, and
pay in cash, for costs of sale, for stamps
and papers.
S. S. MARSHALL, f
> Executors.
J. W. W. MARSHALL, ) I
November 5, I860, 28?5t
FALL OPENING FOR 1869!
AT
J. H. & M. L. KINABD'S
COLUMBIA, S. C.
Wo have jnsfc received, and have ready for
examination, the largest and most attractive
stock that it has ever bten ccr plensure to exhibit,
consisting of everything pertaining to a
first clas?
Dry Goods Establishment.
/ Iso a fall line of
CARPETINGS, OIL CLOTHS,
WINDOW filTADEPt: CORN ICRS AO.
Our stock is so extensive and varied, that it
is impossible to enumerate. Wo therefore invito
our friends, and all in want of good and
cheap Dry Goods, to call and see for tlieraeelvea,
we guarantee satisfaciion as to style,
quality and price. J. H. A M. L. KINAKD.
Oct 22, 1869, 26?8m nb
300 bu. Cotton Seed
m BMXXt
BOYD'S PURE PROLIFIC
RAISED by Mr. Edward Calhonn, of
Abbeville District, 8. Cn warranted
purf. Read the following certificate of
w?ll known geoUtmoa and planter* of the
Dietvi ct: .
"After earefoJ examination of Mr. E.
Calhoun's Bojd Coltoti, we do certify that
it it the purest and beat,, boiled cotton we
bave aeen, and that it 'is far superior to
what is aold in tbiaMgfOD ,aa Dixon's
ImprovedCotton. "* '
* - fCHARLES
HASKELL.
Oetobf lMi IWr?
JUt Edr eale i* "louto anft pqiotatf
and aamplaa exhibited by. ^ ? vl,
/ t :. :1a.-) A< ]
,vJ ? /, J
? .'JO*!* " V v
*
Clerk's Sales.
J. I. LidJIo y* Samuel Hunter,
Executor, et. al.
Bill lo in.11.shall assets,
sell laud, &c.
. 1 1 * ' ' , I " ? i it
PURSUANT to order, I will Bell on
sale day in DECEMBER next, at public
! outcry, at A1UJEV1LLK <J. H., the tract of.
I laud, of the Real Estate of A, Iluuter,
] ueurd, now in the possession of
SAMUEL HUNTER,
containing FOUR HUNDRED ACRES,
more or less, bounded by lands of A. J.
(Jlinksoalos and others.
TERMS? ONE DALE CASH, as lo
balance, credit of twelve monilip, interest
from ' ' - *' *
_,v v. run-, iiuiviupvi IIJ glVv! ;
witli good security and inorlgHge, to se- I
cure the purchase money, and pay fur papers
and starring.
M. McDONALD,
I Abbeville C. II., )
November 10, 13G9. J 29?3t
AI.SO,
PURSUANT to order of Court in case
J of ,J. 'IV HARXES, et. al. Executor, vs
L.J. JOHNSON,! will sell at ABUEI
VILLE (J. II., at. public out-cry on sale
;lay in DECEMBER next, ilio R?al Estate,
de8:rihf<l in (lie Hill, situated and hcing on !
CALHOUN'S CREEK, containing,
TWO HUNDRED AND SIXTY-FOUR
ACRES, more or I,as, ano bounded by
lands of *<aid L. J. Johnson, li. M. Pultner,
D. PI Pursi-ly, anrf other*.
TERAIS CASH. Purchaser to pay
for papers and stamps.
M. McDONALD,
c. c. P.
November 10, 1809. [29?3t
* - - =
9=t a t.t! OF XjA.N3D,
By order of ide Court of Prolate.
By Order of the Court of Probate
FOR ABBEVILLE COUNTY.
I WILL sell hv public auction on SALE
DAY in DECEMBER uext the fol- I
lowing lands?viz :
THE HOME TRACT
of the estate of HENRY B. NiCKLES,
dee'd, containing TWO HUNDRED and
FORTY NINE acies more or le?p, boun!
Jim! by lands of R A. Anderson, James
Collirun and others.
THE DICKSON TRACT.
belonging to 6aid estate, containing TWO
HUNDRED and THIRTY-TWO ncr?
more or le>8, bounded by lands of T. G.
Ellis, estate lands of Samuel Anderson
and others.
THE CALVERT TRACT.
belonging to paid estate, containing
THREE HUNDRED and THIRTEEN
acres more or less, bounded by lands of
George Niukles, Robeil Dunn, uud others.
There arc plMs to represent the above
three tract*. These lands are situated in
Abbeville County, about 10 n.iles North
East of Abbeville C. IT.
Terms of sale one third cash, )he balance
on n credit of or.e and two years,
j purchaser to give bond find approved'
I security, and n mortgage of the premises
I to secure the purchase money. '
i II. S.'CASON,
Sheriff Abbeville Cou:ily.
, Xov. 10. 1800, 29~3t " '
I- L_J
Bj Orfter of tie Conrt of Prolate
FOB ABBEViLLE COUNTY.
H vv i L.Lj sell, on Sale Day in DECEMj[
1JER next, the real estate of ARCHIBALD
B. IiOYD, deo'd, containing
NINETY-SIX acres, more or lea?, situated
in Abbeville County, on Simmon's branch,
waters of Ilardlabor creek, adjoining land*
of Mrs. Tray lor, William Brackuell and
others. >
Terms, a credit of one and two years, in~
terest from date, purchaser to give bond
and approved security, and a mortgage to
secure the purchase mon*y. The costs to
be paid in cash.
H. S. CASON,
S. A. C.
Nov. 10* T8G9, 20?3t.
I WILL ALSO SELL
O? A-J ? xv- rt 1 t* r* i
j x>y kjiuwr oi me uourc 01 f rooate
FOR ABBEVILLE COUNTY.
ON Siile Day in December next, tlie
real estate of ALEXANDER MAR
TIN, dec'd, situate in the neighborhood of
Abbeville Court House, comprising two
tracts of land,
Viz: TWO HUNDRED and FOUR
acres, more or less, buuudod by lands of
William Hill, Joseph T. Moore, Edward
Noble and others.
Also, ONE HUNDRED and NINETEEN
acres, more or les\ bounded by
lauds of the Estate of Wilson's, Robert
Jones and others.
Terms, 12 months credit, interest from
date. Bond and hpprovud security and a1
mortgage to secure the purchase money.
The costs to be paid in cash.
H.S. CASON,
S. A. C.
Nov. 10, I860, 29?3t.
i \ ' . 1 . n
To those having Cotton to Gin.
Oij-J f A . ? j >
TTTTn-TT' "WTf .SAN, o
JLJL X/ U If* JPU'V/XI
. >011 4 !' ?(J
Has at his Mill, ene 6T th^ finest CotN
ton Gins now in triie, and is ginning nnd
penny made. The difference in a few
miles distance is "a friflo 'when tho
? cotton fs dn.Hbe 'w4goib cfElI*: lint
frqtofbis G-iti U e? it snperion ?uatft&r
- and dpmmati^s the fcigh^H fnkfrfcbt
, prioe. '* [^:5,'1W59;
..( .A.u!/vD.vi/. 30H030
' - ;C :r';M ;
. #
THE GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE
[Wo gave last week n portion of
Governor Scott's Mossngo to tho l.egislalurc.
Tlio remainder \vc could not
get. It is as follows:]
Tin: -M i i.i'j'iA
0 The records of enrollment not IiavIHlP
lltfCMl toK Wilrtnlolnil mwl till.
-T0 J - ~ vv...|'?VVVVI? IVUV4 HIV * | UWlii
of arms and aceouti'cincnts appropri- 1
tiled lo llie Stale not having been ro- i
eeived from tlio Federal Uovernmeni
until recently, the organization of the
Militia has been somewhat impeded
j It will bo hastened, however, as rapid
| ly an practicable, and I hope soon t<
he able to report that the requirements
of the law have been fully complied
with.
J17IMK8
A change is demanded in tho sys
tcm of selecting juries. As at pros|
ent nuingcd, it is liable, and pcrvcrteu
to great abuse, an account of the
character of the persons placed upon
them. Men have been appointed on
Grand and Petit juries who wore ai
tho lime, and are now, under heav\
bail on charges of complicity will,
murder; and in one case, when one
of these accused individuals was foreman
of the Grand Jury, bills for murder
submitted to them by the Solicitor
of the Circuit wcro ignored and
thrown out. notwithstanding the
oaths of witnessos who identified Unaccused
as ruirtiein:ints in tlm mnnlfi- .
X i " " **
Cases are decided, not by the guilt or
innocence of parties, but in accordance
with the political bias of the juries
; and, from the intensity of pre
judicc existing, it is vain to expect a
better condition of things while the
present system of drawing juries continues.
This corruption of justice at
the fountain head demands a prompt
and efficient rcmedj', which will place
the jury box above the influence of
pontics, and till it with our best and
most intelligent citizens, "whose reputation
places them above reproach
and above suspicion.
MAGISTRATES* COTJRT8.
I have heretofore directed your attention
to the subject of Magistrates'
Courts, and would urgently renew my
recommendations on tho subject.
The wide latitude heretofore given to
the discretion of Magistrates and
Courts has had the effect to crowd
our jailswith petty offenders, at a heavy
expense to tho State, much of
which could be avoided by giving final
jurisdiction to Magistrates' Courts'
]) 1'i r?*l? t r*f ?ni\nn1 * ** 11 ^
Vi ti^wvai, VI an UJiilUl Ulfcuccs,
Suoh &s potit Inrcony, simple
assault and litittcfy," and other misdemeanors
of. aitnilargrado, with power
to determine the question of guilt,
and ils extent, and to inflict penalties
by fine. This would ohriate the necessity
of a good deal af Session? business,
and the coot of witnesses* fees
and expenses. A lair and reasonable
fee bill should be established, as there
is much complaint that Magistrates]
and Constables arc guilty of making!
extortionate exactions from the poor J
and ignorant. Many cases have been i
so manipulated as to involve the largest
amount of costs, and others again
have been instituted for malicious pur
poses, frequently from political motives
or political objects. When such
cases havo been substantiated, I have
promptly removed tlio offenders, and
man}* of them, in my opinion, deserv- i
ed a more rigorous punishment. 11
have been apprised of cases where 1
Magistrates have attempted to inter- j
fere with the Stato Constables whilo I
in the discharge of their duty, and re-1
commcnd tlmt adequate punishments
be provided for such offencca. Severe
penalties should also bo provided for
carrying concealod doadly weapons, a
cowardly practice, which has become
entirely too prevalent.
THE CENSUS
I tranmitthe report of the commissioner
of the Agricultural Bureau,
containing a tabular statement of the
results of tho enumeration of the inhabitants
of this Stato so far as they
have beon ascertained from tho returns
made to his oftice. Tho statement
embraces tho returns of twentyCounties,
and there arc stil eleven to
be accounted for. As it is expected
thdt tho missing returns will bo received
in a few days, any further remarks
are deferred until tho completion of
tho report.
TIIE COUNTY COMMISSIONERS,
The duties of the Board of County
Commissioners* of.ail arduous and
comprehensive ^Ijiirafctafr,* and in the
honost and faithful discharge of them
avA ?ntTAlf?A*l wAit/iU 41*a. i!
ittv lur wir ou muuu vi niw lUpUlUUUU
And efficiency of the State .Government.
Thoir; attention should be especially
directed to the condition of
th6 ilbiyifi and bridged in their respective/Counties'.
AJl persona liable to
road service should be ma^o toper*
form lit tri:the- folL'cx ten t jof -keeping
Cheat in good repair, - or Ao contribute
toquWaliMltn ibr their :ex'nrea
sfconld ( **?! iiet. by, eontract, of
which dneonbt&d?ahoolgi; gitenj
The County Auditorshonld always boi
.aaXflAH. H .tnW
Jaebnotnl
I-lo -C<?r ' *; '!
present at tlie meetings of the Board,
ami net as {Secretary, keeping the
journal of their proceedings, and all
ordors on tho County Treasurer, authorized
t>y the Board, should be signed
hy hi in, and made a matter of record.
TIIK STATE fONSTAlUTAHV.
'J he report of I lie Chief Constable
j^'rvos a full and satisfactory exhibit ol
.lie operations of lii.s ollice. The
1 mount of labor performed has been
onsidcrable, and, in many instances,
ins been of a delicate and ha/.ardous
haracter. There have been koiiiu
uses where complaints have been
made of their conduct, but upon investigation.
i( has been found that the
lissatisfaetion was villi the law itself
rather than with the manner in which
it has been executed. They have had
i much to contend with in the oppo>ii
'ion of portions of the community to
the. arrest of criminal", and aiding
them in their efforts at concealment
and cscape. The press has greatly
assisted in thrusting impediments in
their way while engaged in their dui
ties, by their porversioit of facts and
i abuse of the ol'iccrs. J t is to be sincerely
hoped that the foil) and ii j'istice
of this course will be nppaieui.
and t hose interested in the peace and
prosperity of the State, in the protec
uon 01 mo asi't property, ami in tlio
supremacy of tiio law, will feel ii tlicir
luly to aid and encourage ilie Siate
ollieers in (ho enforcement <?l" il. J n
a recent instance, where an organized
band ol* incendiaries liad commenced
their work of' destruction, I?v (lie limbing
ol' several stores, and threatening
further proceedings of the sum
character, I felt it my duly to issuing*
proclamation, warning (he incendiaries
of thy atrocious character ol
their crime, and the conserjnonce to
which it might, lend, and this was perversely
and mischievously tortured
into an invitation to commit the
crime denounced, and its just ideation.
I am glad to state that this falsehood
was so base and malignant as to be
repeated but b}* few, and the effect of
the'proclamation has been most salutary,
in having accomplished the arrest
of ten of the alleged incendiaries
and the dispersion of the remainder.
While there have been some attroeious
crimes committed rceentlw the au
thors of which are still at, largo, I am
glad to Hay there has been an improvement
in the general tone of the
community, and a disinclination manifested
by eresponsibilty persons to
lend themselves to the schemes of the
factious and designing, and of being
compromised by countenancing the
turbulence and lawlessness of their
ignorant and misguided partisans.
im;blic property.
There is a eousideral le amount of
public property in this city. Charleston.
and other portions of the State
which has been for u long time exempt
from taxution, and productive
of no revenue. I recommend that
investigation be made of the location,
extent, and probable value of this
properly with a view to the sale oi
such portions of it as may be deemed
advisable, so that it'may be placed on
the lax list, and contribute its share
tu the public revenue.
AliRICliljTURAL.
The agriculture of the State in the
fundamental basis of its prosperity,
and yet not one-fourth of its soil has
been brought under cultivation, and
so little of labor a^ul skill have been
devoted to it, that were it not, among
the most favored regions of the earth,
the needless and ciii'cImh m
tillage to which it has been subjected,
would long since liuve exhausted it.
/tnd yet in no department of human
industry can skilled labor bo made
more available, or a larger or more
varied circle of scientific acquirements
be more thoroughly and profitably
utilized, than in agriculture; a'nd iu
no locality is there a more extensive
or a more inviting field for their oxer!
cise than in South Carolina. The loss
rosulting annually to the State from
the practice of an unskilled and careloss
system of husbandry, instead ot
one that is intelligent and energetic,
is hardly to bo estimated. Of the
nineteen or twenty millions of acres
comprised within our limits, about
I one-fourth are devoted to cultivation,
j the rest is in woods of valuable timj
ber, and in unredaimod swamp, easi[
ly drained, and of inexhaustible fertility.
In 18G7 there were devoted to farm
products 710,041 acres to corn, 215.
054 acres to wheat, 70,900, acres'to
oats, 77,000 acres to hay, 0,8115 to rye,
1,100 to barley, 1,890 to Irish potatoes,
and 200 to tobacco. Of the balance,
the greater portion was devoted to
the great commercial staples of cot*
ton and rice. Tho average yield per
acre' was officially reported as nine
and sixtenths bushels of corn wheat
six bushels and four-tent hs nnts nlnv.
cn bushel and one-tenth ; rye, fivo
bushels and seven-tenths ; barlej', cloven
bushels and one-tenth ; Irish potatoes,
eighty bushels and four-tenths;
tobacco, five hundred pounds; and ot
hay, one ton.
When it is recollected that it has
been demonstrated by actual* experiment
and measurement, in tho vicinity
of tho city of Columbia, that with
high culture, and undcc favoi^ablc
circumstances, it is practicable to produco
two hundred bushels and twelve
quarts of corn from a single aero ol
land ; and that with ordinary intelligence
and indus'tr^,' "twenty bushele
of wheat ryo' br'&ats; thirttf^ftve oi
bat-ley, and one hundred bushels oi
Twioti k-- ?Jij-Jj
*iiou jiuiutucB, mo xcuunj' pruuuueu
to the acre, the contrast between what
is, and what ought to be, the agricul
; prod acts of th5s State, is ali ke
shrpnsirig flnd^mOrtif^Hng,. and detn
onstrates ernjpfcaticnilythe necessity
of 'a radical - change; trad to this w<
arorstilf ftirth&r ' 'impelled by the
-'? ? od> ,Viuo'3 .'i.t! 'l-.r v!
fy.j. : oj :.T' * '* ] .. r-.i
Inexorable logic of events,'?in the
changed condition of circumstances
by \v Inch wo arc surrounded; in the
* thorough and sweeping revolution in
our system of labor, cuforcing the
l>ivine edict, as beneficent a.1) it is just.
: that man .shall eat bread by the sweat
' ol' his own faco, and not by that of
1 his fellow -man, and by tho resistless
' tide of intellectual activity and effort
j every where surrounding us, to take
jourp'acc in the march of material
i progress, and by calling science to
' the aid of labor, blending brain and
muscle in harmonious co-operation,
| build up tho*falleii fortunes of our beloved
State, make her waste places to
bloom and blossom as the rose, and
. facilitate and hasten her attainment
of a prosperity and happiness, more
[exalted, more general, and more peri
mancnt, than has ever been witnessed
wilhin lioi1 lioi-rloi-a il./. 1
I .. ....... ?^v? m% i .1. nuv invy jl i r>* ,
: la tare will cheerfully co-operate in
'all le?rilimoto efforts to bring about
j " 0
j thi*? desirable result?the improvei
meut of our agriculture?I cannot
i j>o 1*111 iL myself to doubt. Tlio formaI
tiun of societies of practical farmers,
! meeting together periodically to comj
municatc and contrast the results of
their experience and experiments,
* adds the additional stimulus of emu1
? .
lation tu (-Hurts ol nnprovenu nt and
excellence. 1 would suggest that an
, _ _ Ofi
.appropriation be made, to be appori
tioned ninong the diltVrent Counties
i which may raise an equivalent sum,
1 to be distributed as premiums to those
I who may excel in the.different branches
of their profession, but particularj
ly in the deep and thorough breaking
j up and pulverization of the soil, which
is of primary importance, and to the I
neglect of which must of our waste
of labor and of land may bo attribu
toil. The substitution of thorough
Ullage for the superficial scraping ami
scratching of the soil now so generally
practiced, is the first step to iin-1
provement and success, and this
I truth cannot be loo forcibly impressj
ed upon the minds of the farmers, i
J and especially of those who have but
i recently become proprietors or occupants
of land on their own account. This
will malce many an acre not thrown out
as "old fields" productive and valuable,
aud enable the thrifty and industrious
farmer to procure homes at a
comparatively small expense, the pro'
ducts of which will contribute mate
jrially to tho support of thoir families.
I Some legislation seems to be noeeasa?
j ry for tho prevention of tho burning
! of Iho woods, a practice not only dangeroua
in itself, aud injurious to titoi:
ber, fencing and the .soil, but largely
| r '.spon.fible lor uoiieeable changes in
our climate, lor (he iucrcased lateness
and severity ol' our seasons, and for
the long and exhausting droughts,
which arc yearly becoming nio^e disastrous.
UisLory, both ancient and
modern, contains man}' examples of
the pernicious results of denuding a
cortntry of Its timber; and by men of
intelligence it has been deemed that
i |1.? --- 1 ' '*
j mu lww ?vuvrill lOUlllg 1)1 WIC WOOUS
"| is the most destructive among tlic
| many causes of tlio physical deterio|
ration of the earth. It mischievous
l effects in our own section arc already
I observable, not only in our protracJ
ted droughts and late spring frosts,
j and in the washing out of the soluble
portion of our soil, but in'the drying
| up of springs and rivulets, and the
destruction of our upland pastures,
ruanj- of which during the summer
, months afford neither water nor herbngo
for cattle. In tho Stato of Iowa
the planting of trees is encouraged
by a law of which the farmer is released
from taxation for ten years on
one hundred dollars valuation for
every acre of forest-trees planted, from
a tnxatiou of fifty dol'ars valuation
for five years; and a similar provis-l
ion for tho fruit trees and hedges
along the highways.
Sheep.husbandry is an important
source of wealth to tho farmer, for
which we have many facilities and
advantages. Tho principal obstacle
to its successful pursuit is the multitude
of dogs by which many neighborhoods
are infested. It may be
| well to inquire whether the numbers
| of these pestilent, curs may not be
advantageously diminished by holding
their owners to astrict accountability
for tho offences and depredations
committed by them ; and, as
thcro is seldom necessity for moro
than one about a dwelling, a salutary
influence may bo exercised by imposing
a discriminating tax on all above1
. that number, increasing the ratio of
taxation with each additional animal;
thus, for a second dog in a family,
two dollars; for a third, thrco dollars ;
i nrwl SO T>rnnni'tinnnt.rl\r TKia mnnM
have n tencTcucy to reducc the num,
bor of dogs, and to' economize the
t ajnonnt of food now wasted on them,
whilo it would enable the breeders of
' sboep to increase the numbers of that
i valnablo animal, and thus to'substi*
tute producers of food and olothing
p for consumers and destroyers of both.
THK BIVBB. FI8HERTE8.
As a valuable adjnuotto agriculture
in the production.of food, t deem it
' my duty to call VQur.attention. to the
i importance, of paoptlng measures for
the restoration of our river 'fisheries.
r It is \vithiu th6 recollection of tfiiny
when, the Savannah, the. S&nte^, and
* the Peo Dee, and th(51 r;nil nierdu^ trlb>
utaries, yielded annnally a'JgfentrrtniB
:.r .I.v* V? stxV.ca or."- - .y
.e-tX'Zrl\ (
? v/ XJ vy J
tribute of savory and nutritious food
from tho swarming fisheries along
their shores, and when shad were sold
in Columbia market at twenty for a
dollar. Now they are soldom scon
unless brought from a distance, and
are sold sit ten times the former prices,
placing them beyond the means of
. the J por, to whom they were an every
: day article of cheap nnd wholesome
| food,'and limiting them, as a luxury,
! to thj rich. From the greater num;
bet of our rivers they are completely
, banished. Of the truth of this state,,,..1,1
.,,.,1 r,r ii.? ......,.< :? i ?
| n>v.ia?. tl>IM VI IIIV> VCIUOU */l ll/j A IjllUlU
tho following testimony of n highly
intelligent ami influential gentleman,
! who has creditably nerved tho coun:
try both in our .State and National
! Council*. In reply to a circular I
had caused to ho issued, he remarks:
| r cannot say when the shad were
stopped from coining up tho Saluda,
! hut J think it may be dated when the
i factory dam was built across the river
| near its mouth. Previous to that
j time, and as far back as my memory
goes, shad were caught in great lium!
hers in that river. 1 remember well
I when [ was a lad, my father who
: lived in Laurens .District, some ten
miles distant from Island Ford, yearly
in the habit of sending a wagon to
; that plaeo for shad, and always reI
turned with a full supply to last the
! family until oven tho children no longer
considered them a rarity. Many
i oilier families did tho same from both
| sides of the river, and this was only
i oho <>r many such shad fisheries on
i that river. Now, &>r thirty-one j-ears
I hack, which I can particularly rej
iiK'in! or, not a single shad has been
! caughi from the Saluda: they havo
been totally shut out by that selfish
dam."
Many similar communicnlians have
been received from other sources,
| demonstrating, conclusively that the
: banishment of tho shad and other
| migratory fishes from tho upper
waters of the State, and tho cousoqiient
deprivation of tho people of a
large amount of nutritious and palatable
food, is altogether attributable to
the numerous dams that have been
constructed in the rivers and streams,
by which thcj* aro completely barricaded
against the passage of fish, and
this in violation of law, which requires
that all dams, shall be furnished with
fish ways at least sixty feet wide to
enable lish to pass up to their spawning
ground. Below the dam an unceasing
warfare is waged against them
by the owners.of weira, traps, nets
atul seines, during breeding season,
as if their extirpation had been a matter
of solicitude, and was determined
on. The cause suggests tho remedy,
which can bo secured by the appointment
of Commissioners, with amplo
powers to enforco existing laws in
relation to tho dams in rivers and
streams, and other illegal obstructions
to the passage of fish; and the regulation
of seins, nets and fish traps, by
which their destrctive operations will
be restrained and limited; and to
recommend such other measures as
they may deem necessary for the
V l: I. . - /? > i '
i ui-cuiupiisumuut oi 1110 ODJCCt ot tiieir
appointment.
From the well established fact that
shad and other migratory fishes alwuya
return to their bleeding places,
and that they have been excluded for
so man}' years from tho upper portions
of our rivers, it may be "necessary
to restock them by artificial
means, this can bo effected with
gre&t facility' and nt a comparatively
trifling expense. The process of restocking
the rivers of New England,
New York and Pennsylvania is now
in lull title successful operation, aud
inilllioHS of eggs of the salmon, whitetish,
trout and shad aro hatched and
set looso every season, gradually to
find their way to the ocean, whence,
after many days, with unerring instinct.
they will return tg their
qrccding places for purposes of reproduction.
Between thirty and fortymillions
of shad have been hatched
and sot looso in Connecticut River;
ana chirrng Uie past breeding season,
they were hatched at tlio rato of one
million per da}* in the upper waters of
the Hudson .River. The roe of a full
grown shad contains one hundred
thousand eggs, and these bciog readily
fccundated by the milt of the malo
fish, arc placed in properly prepared
boxes, and deposited in ranning water,
to he hatched in from three to
four days; and so successful havo
experts become in tho process, that
fninety-eight thousand live fish have
boon producod from ono hundred
thousand eggs. Tho yonng fish are
then set loose, and immediately seek
the middle of tho stream, to avoid
their numerous enemies who infest its
margin, and gradually float with the
current to the ocean. The boxes jire
men rcauy lor another batch. The
cost of the boxes is above two dollars
eacb. Two hundred boxes will hatch
seven million of shad daily, or in
twenty-five days about fifteen millions,
and would require the attention of
about twenty-five men for loss than
one month. Thus it will be seen
that in a comparatively short period
our rivers may be restocked not only
with shad, but with other valuable
species that may be deemed desirable,
and our people in a few years will
gather full harvests of rich subsis
tence from our rivers, and "suck an '
abundance from the waters of the
sea." By those who have attentively
studioa the subject, it is estimated <
that an acre of water will prodooe,
with more certainty and leas fabor,
as much food as an acre of land* and
when diligently attended to, in well j
.conducted fish ponds, it h#8 been asp i
iL.i A ?^ltl aoH?n
usi utuitiu iu?l< tb Will muw /
as much. If this be the,absur4Hy
of our past policy in permitting,the 1
fish to he excluded from oarWyfetir a
may be illbstrated by supposing that j
oar land? ho* raising eorn;-*Bd %jttony
should be allowed to j be neglected t
wflfr to fai) in. giving:y^tw]y
supply of food and eotpfart, $ut t,bis
is more absurd thai, fn- ftaVihg' permitted
for so many .years '6dr -rly?rs
and smaller' etreanfo, that qnee teem* 1
ed with ?n anntt*b?upptyof?r&teAiI ?;
ov- . v-d *: 'itfn sit: f\ :*'& it 11 -Uv|>J?.V;
-.(fi e-J : >; ....
?- ? * - -! . 4
jxxi -/v V JLJL"""~-OiVJ?
and generous sustenance to tho community,
to bocome barron and unproductive
?
coast fisheries.
In conncction with this subject y-rt!r
attention may bo appropriately directed
to tho importance of utilizing our
coast fisheries. Tuo entiro sea-front
of our State, from Cane Fear to i
Savannah Ifiver, with its numerous
marshes, estuaries and indentations,
for a width of ten miles on au average,
may asserted to bo almost literal-*
ly paved with oysters. These beds
are most favorably located, being genrally
just above or below tho water
lino, and can bo gathered as readily
as potatoes. The heats of summer no
not destroy them, and only t\\ jco
within a half century have they be-;
affected by frost, and they can bo increased
so as to supply ovcry possible
demand, either for home consumption,
or exportation. It is estimated that
oysters each produce annually from
one to two millions of young, but bo
ininuto in sizo that tho spawn floats
about in tho water like a cloud, until
it is destroyed by the numerous animals
that prey upon it, or smothered
in tho mud. Tho remedy for this
immenso waste is to place solid bodies
in the way of these wandering animaculac,
to which they readily attach
themselves ; and are rapidly developed
; and on being transferred to suitable
beds, in about three vnnro "
j -m* >j ui v vui"
bio, and ready for tbo market. Any
arrangement that will intercept the
floating spawn of the oyster, sueh an
the placing of hurdles or pine faggoU
near their beds, and their subsequent
removal to convenient and Buitablo
localities until they avo matured and
ready for market, will furnish all tlio
requirements of succcssful oyster culture.
But, in addition to the permanent
inhabitants, the oyster beds of our
coast are frequented by immenso numbers
of scale and ehell fish throughout
the Beason, that greatly increase
their valuo. The sea crab and shrimp
not excelled iu flavor and delicacy by
any of their species, visit them in untold
numbers, and can bo taken in
any quantity with the net or seine.
The drum a fino fish for the table,
weighing upon an average 35 pounds,
the roe of which is celobrated for its
delicacy, is abundant in the month of
April; the bass, weighing about 30
pounds, visits us in large numbers in
September and October ; while at all
seasons, the sbeephead, the whiting,
A 1 I.I 1- 1 *
liie uiuck. uasa, ana numerous other
varieties, are found in great profusion.
The lauds occupied by oyster beds
and fisheries belong to the State, and
by judicious allottment of portions
of them to industrious and respossiDlc
persons, tbey may bo made the
seat of an extensive and profitable
industry to individuals, and revenue
to the State. From the Chesapeake
Bay millions of dollars' worth of oysters
are annually contributed throughout
the Union, and there is no reason
why our Southern coast, with its superior
advantages of climate, may
not soon equal, and even excel it in
quantity and value of its, exports.
Establishments may be located in eligible
positions for the preservation
and canning of oysters, crabs, and
shrimps, where the catch of the fisherman
will find a readv marlrAf.
^
whence they can be distributed
throughout the Union, and from their
superior flavor and cheapness to foreign
countrios; while the numerous
fish would form an important contribution
to thopx-ofits of the enterprise
and the sustenance of the community.
The number of persons to which this
now business would give employment,
not only to those engaged in the
catching and preservation of its products,
but in the manufacture of cans
and boxes for their transportation,
would make many localities, which
are now waste and profitless, scenes of
animated and profitable industry, and
add greatly to the enjoyments and resources
of our people.
conclusion. . It
is related of the Emperor Severua,
(once a colored frcedman in the
.Romon army, but whoso energy, talents
and valor, had placed him at lis
head,) that during an invasion of Britain,
he was arrested in his march by
an attack of'illness, which it w*s
soon known would terminate fatally.
In his dying moments, surrounded By
his Generals, who were passionately
attached to him,- he was approached
by a Centurion of his army, who appeared
to him for the password of the
? * *'
. Jiug ?juig muuarcn, in tnat supreme
moment, on the vdrge of:eternity,
gave utterance to a . sentiment,
which had probably been the inspiration
of life, and cynosure of his flftrte.
Rallying his dying energies, in response
to the application of the Centurion
for the password, he exclaimed:
"Laboremcs r?let us work?and falling
backwards, expired. Gentlemen
of the General Assembly, in vifl\f -pf
our duties, and responsibilities to
those who have entrusted thefr IhMrests
to our charge, and in thfe nfctfte
and by the holp of the AlnJightyiBulor
of the Universe, htpds
are the destinies of Nations, ."tAr' ts
work 1" ^
BOBBBT Ki SOOTY, <lovfermny
Colombia, S. Q., Nov, 24, 1S$9. . r; r
' WA8^noton,^ovember '
The NoW TorKSefatd days ^Cholera,
yellow fererand small po* ttro
raging ftesrftilly at Ssmtiago de Cubs,
three hundred deaths iumug occurred
from oholer** alone- within
tttirty 0*yn> i Jfrwaa found -impossible.togivetbe
dead , bodies proffer
Bdpaleker, the bodiesboingcovered
only "with a few itucbefjQfi eftftb^
Aa aoonaoquenco tlie flteneh frbm .
the comet?ryjhft?]slKi()8t^bMww?r a
pestilence- The Cuban*in. fchbninterior
ptolW to ..b^, <een&46fft of
sbc6esfl; Add giye SftimetyqttgMi
xonch trouble. or"
?*ro<fis nje?i Ota*#!*' Ct
, ; ^ ; . -.i(| "?j crr-il.*?y:i5t
' .
?
*