Pictured in the accompanying en graving is an apparatus that is being used in Africa to permit of railroad c instruction at night, reports . the Scientific American. A freight car ls utilized as a lighting plant. Project ing from a tower built at one end o? the car is a light arm that extends far out over the track. At the ex treme end of this arni two search lights are placed, while other lamps DEPEND ON RAILROADS WARRING NATIONS HAVE BEEN WELL SERVED BY LINES. Importance of Communication In the Great Struggle Shown-Russia's Lack of Facilities Has Proved a Serious Handicap. Effective railway mileage has played a potent part in the winning of mod ern battles. The Russians have not only had well-equipped, well-trained men to deal with in the eastern war theater, but, also, a wonderful, strate gically invaluable net of railways. The German railways have been in struments of first importance in every Russian defeat. On the western front, where the fighting has been more sta tionary, the highly developed railway system of Germany meets the equally highly developed railway system of France. How well France and Ger many are prepared to meet the emer gencies cf war transportation as com pared with the other belligerents is shown in a recent bulletin issued by the National Geographic society. The bulletin reads: "The total length of the railways of the world is about 750,000 miles, of which considerably more than four fifths falls to the continents of Eu rope and America. The United States leads all the other nations of the world in the total of its railroad mile age, though it is proportionately be hind some of them. Belgium, now back of the invaders' lines, is one of the best-supplied territories in the world for rail communication, and the railways of Great Britain, Germany and France are equal to almost any strain that a war traffic may put upon 4hem. Europe possesses more than -212,500 miles of railway lines, of which about one-third falls to the share of the central German powers, the Ger man empire and Austria-Hungary. Germany, with its 210,000 square miles of area, has about 40,000 miles cf rail line, while France, with its 208,000 square miles, has 32,000 miles of track age. Russia and Finland, together, with a total are of 2,095,616 square miles, or very nearly ten times the size of Ger many, have a railway mileage slightly less than that of Germany. In great part, the Russian railways are far flung trunk lines, and the Muscovite land nowhere has anything corre sponding to the interweaving railway nets of Germany and France. This lack of railway facilities has been one of the disadvantages that the Rus sians have had to overcome during the present war. Among the other countries of Eu rope, Italy has some 11,250 miles of railroad, so laid down as to bind al most her entire frontier by a rail line fringe; Spain has about 10,000 miles of track; Great Britain and Ireland have 24,000 miles, and Austria-Hun gary has a total mileage of about 28, 000. The United States has about one third of the total mileage of the world. There ore 65,000 miles of railway on the continent of Asia, about 26,000 miles on the continent of Africa and 21,000 milesin Australia. Japan, with railway, and China has a mileage which totals about the same. The railways of Germany, France and Austria-Hungary have been de veloped with considerable attention to their value in times of war.' This feature of railway development has been especially prominent in. Ger many, where the state has presided over the growth and destinies of steam line communication. Several great tiunk lines traverse Germany from her western to her eastern fron tier, and these lines are prepared to bear almost any strain. Along the French border an all-inchislve net work of railroad has been laid, while German railway lines parallel the Rus sian frontier and receive feed lines from all parts of the empire. Chicago owes a vote of thanks to the men of her steam railroads. The way they met the recent crisis (the street car strike) and helped carry the million workers of this etty to and from their tasks was a marvel of speed and efficiency. They lived up to the best traditions of American railroad ing-and greater praise than that can* sot be applied to any work done OB -steel highways.-Chicago, journal. about 6,500 miles-of Vote of Thank* are located at intervals along the arm By means of this arrangement plertt: of light can be shed upon the portioi of the track that the arm overhangs while beams of the searchlights cai be cast ahead where the work of prc ! paring the road bed is under way. Th' lighting plant permits of carrying ci . work in the cool hours, while the toi . rid sun has retired below the horizon i and labor ls possible. ! VALUABLE L INES IN HAWAII i _ j Railroad System of Island Pays Hand some Dividends to Those Who Own the Stock. Twenty years ago the railway sys tem on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, had 23^ miles of track. Now there are 127 miles, including plantation spurs. At first this railroad almosi ruined its promoters. Now it is on? of the best-paying investments in the Hawaiian archipelago. The companj owns 22 locomotives, 44 passengei cars and 520 freight cars. It hat 36,000 feet of -wharf and can st?r? 20,000 tons of sugar. Taxes on prop erty from Ewa to Kahuku plantation writes a Honolulu correspondent ol Commerce Reports, which is tapped by this railroad, amounted at the time the road started to $28,853; in 1914 th? taxes on the same property totalec $310,000. This is one example how th? land along the line has increased ii value in the last twenty years. Th< railroad paid $87,324 in taxes in 1914 which means that every two years th< company pays back to the governmen the amount of the subsidy granted t( the railroad, which was $196,980. Th< gross earnings of the road twent] years ago were 15120,000, and now the] are $1,300,000; the freight earning! were $43,000 and today they are $813, 000; the passenger earnings wen $25,000, and now they are $300,000. Twenty years ago 79,000 passengen were carried yearly, while in 191' about 1,140,000 persons patronized th< cars. There were 907,000 passenger: carried one mile twenty years ago; ii 1914 they numbered 15,435,000. Pas senger rates show lesa than two centi a mile; this l3 lower than the a.ver age rate on the mainland. This rail road, which starts in Honolulu, tapi five of the largest sugar plantations ti the Hawaiian islands, all the big pine apple plantations, a sisal plantation Several stock farms and several rio and banana plantations; skirts th shores of Pearl harbor, where th United States government is buildinj a $2,000,000 naval station and dr; dock, and indirectly taps one larg' American army post and one of th strongest fortifications under thi American flag, Fort Kamehameha which guards the entrance to Pear harbor. In addition to its commercia importance the road opens up some 0 the finest scenic features on the islam of Oahu. RAILS ALLOWED TO EXPAM Scientific Building Providea for thi Effect of Heat on the Lengths of Steel. Anyone who i3 observing will nc tice, if walking along a railroad traci in winter, that the ends of the rail: do not meet. There will be a spaci between the rails of from one-fourtl to one-half inch, according to thi length of the rails, character of thi v-_4 track and climatic conditions. On sidi tracks the rails will often be foun< butting together or spaced one incl apart, all within a few hundred feet This is simply because the tracks an unimportant and are laid with as littli expense as possible. The rails on the main line of a trunl road will be found equally spaced witl unending regularity. This is done 01 account of the expansion of the ralli In the hot summer, for if the gap wai not provided when the steel was laid the heat would cause such a tremen dous end pressure that the track would assume a grapevine appearance -World's Advance. Crossings to Be Guarded. New Hampshire has passed a lai placing the protection of railroad gradi crossings in the hands of the publii service commission, which has orderei that each city and town shall maintaii warning signs at a reasonable distano On each side of crossings. The sign must be of enameled metal, 24x1! inches in size, and have white letter on a blue ground. If any town neg leets to set such signs for 60 days i forfeits one dollar for each day. Any one injuring or defacing the signs ii hable to a fine of ten dollars. Ho who makes war on business re moves roofs from homes, takes the bread from mouths, leaves human bodies naked to the 6torm-replaces confidence with fear, hope with drond, love with bato-and robs men of their rigat to work. SOMETHING ABOUT CURRIES. Translated into our tongue curry means palatable. In the Orient there are forty or more ways of preparing curry powder, and in America our spice houses are adding others. Curry i3 like mince meat or pickles; we like the kind we have been ac customed to use. In India the following * in gredients are used: Coriander seed, tumeric, cummia, pepper, -mustard seed, gin ger, card&mon, chillies, mace, cloves, poppy seed, cinnamon, nutmeg,. saf fron, mangoes, lime juice, garlic, nuts, cayenne pepper, cocoanut, milk and oil, as well as many of the native fruits. Rice and chutney are an invari able accompan ruent to curry. One of the most important things to re member ip using the prepared curry is to cook lt with the ingredients, or the dish will be flat and tasteless. Curried Lamb.-Remove the bones from two pounds of the neck of Iamb and divide into neat squares about an isch; fry them brown in hot fat, take out the meat and add two chopped onions, one chopped apple, one and a half tablespoonfuls of curry pow der, three tablespoonfuls of chopped cocoanut, one teaspoonful of sugar, a quarter of a cupful of milk, and the tame of good stock, and the pieces of lamb. Cook slowly for an hour, remove the fat, add a teaspoonful of salt and a tablespoonful of lemon Juice. Serve in the center of a plat ter with the sauce poured around it, and garnish with bolled rice. ' Chicken Curry.-Cut up a plump young broiler and fry brown In hot oliva ell. Remove from the frying patt and place in the oven. Mix to gether two tablespoonfuls each of: HOOT and curry powder, then add gradually a cupful of good stock. Fry two sliced onions in the hot fat, add the prepared stock, cook for five min utes, then turn in the chicken. Cover; and allow to simmer fifteen minutes.! Serve hot with boiled rice. If the) sauce seems too thick, add a little more stock. The dish should be thick and hot when served. Curry sauce ls good with cold meats and makes an agreeable change in serving them. Economics change man's activities. As you change a man's activities you change his way of living, as you change his environment, you change his state of mind. Precept and in junction do not perceptibly aifect men; but food, water, air, clothing, shelter, pictures, books, music, will and ?? adc ci them. lj A FIW HOT WEATHER DRINKS. f j There is nothing so refreshing as a good cool drink when tired, wann and thirsty. The following will prove valuable dur ing the hot dog-day weather. Milk Shake.-Put four tablespoonfuls of finely crushed ice in a glass, pTTZ% I add to this two and a 1 ' half tablespoonfuls of rich sirup, one egg and a cupful of . : milk. Shake thoroughly and turn into 3 j a serving glass. Nutmeg and cinna B mon may be added if desired. l\ PInard.-Mix one cupful of-sugar ~ j and a cupful of water together, add the juice of three lemons and one can of B&a$pple (grated). Strain and pour oror a quart of chopped iee. Cherry Punch.-Boll together five minutes two cupfuls of sugar and four cupfuls of water. Then add one cup ful of lemon juice, three cupfuls of orange juice and three cupfuls of cherry juice. Chill and serve with ice. Grape Nectar.- -Put a cupful of su gar and a quart of water'over to boll. Cook ten minutes, then add, when cool, the juice of three lemons, two oranges, one-half can of pineapple and a pint of grape juice. Let it stand about three hours, then add one nice orange sliced thin. Serve with Ice. Raspberry Mlnf.-To a quart of good lemonade add a half cupful of red raspbeny juice and a dozen bruised mint leaves. Let the mixture chill for two hours, then remove the mint, fill glasses and garnish each gktts^wi?i a sprig of mist. Serve Iced tea with sprigs of mint asl A toeflge of lemon. } yeast cake dissolved in a little wat**. Cover the bowl with a thin clot* aadWet stand a day. Bottle and keep fa a' cool place. A New Model Typewriter The Standard Visible Writer BUY IT NOW Yes, the crowning typewriter triumph is here! It is just out-and comes years before experts expected it! For makers have striven a life time to attain this ideal machine. And Oliver has won again, as we scored when we gave the world its first visible writing.. There is truly no other typewriter on earth like this new Oliver "9." Think of touch so light that the tread of a kitten will run the keys! ^ The new-day advances that come alone on this machine are all controlled > by Oliver. Even our own previous m od eh.-famous in their day-never had the Optional Duplex Shift. It pnt the whole control of 84 letters and characters in the little fin gere of the right and left hands. And it lets you write them all with only 28 keys, the least to operate of any standard typewriter. Thus writers of ail other machines can immediately run the Oliver Num ber "9" with more speed and greater ease. ^ This brilliant new Oliver comes at the old-time price. It costs no ? more than lesser makes-now out-of-date when compared with this discovery. For while the Oliver's splendid new features are costly- -we have eqaulized the added er-' pense to us by simplifying construction. Resolve right now to see this great achievement before you spend a dollar for any typewriter. If you are usinjr some other make you will want to see how much more'this one does. If you are usint? an Oliver, it naturally follows that yon want the finest model. 17 Cents a Dayl t Remember this brand-new Oliver "9" is the greatest value ever given in a \ typewriter. It has all our previous special inventions-visible writing, auto matic spacer, 6 1-2-onnce touch-plus the Option*! Duplex Shift Selective Color Attachment and all these other new-day features. Yet we have decided to sell it to everyone everywhere on our famous payment plan-17 cents a d^y! Now every user can easily afford to have the world's crack visible writer, with the famous PRINTYPE, that writes like print, included FREE if desired. TO-DA Y- Write for Fall Details marvel of writing machines. See why typ ists, employers, and individuals everywhere are flocking to the Oliver. It's a pleasure for us to tell you about it. Just mail a postal at once. No obligation. The Oliver Typewriter Co., 0liver ^?'o? You can rent the Oliver Typewriter three (3) months for $4.00 fin a Bottle Through a Straw DRINK Ehero-Cola ?ngaaaaaaay THERE'S. NONE SO. GO O Pr Means a pure, wholesome, refreshing beverage that is popular with those who play the game and with those who witness it? GEO. F. MIMS OPTOMETRIST Eyes examined and glasses fitted only when necessary. Optical work of all kinds. EDGEFIELD, S. C. S. M. Whitney Co. Cotton Factors Augusta.? Georgia Established 1868 Personal Attention to all Business. Correspond ence Invited