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rtiy ':. ,.9 ;r " v'1 ZP>A' ;- ''j 4;"tl!M . ''jl, v_ i. w. Ir ::r+ ia'i f , r ';.; ";r ;, ., : Ii.: i'r v , Z' , itp".- ; C,{. 7I t ' t tR1a 'i '+ + { ^t. .. .!" rr{ ; ti l ti " 3rf 1 .I 1' P \ tmii ___ r ,m Mrrn Z jj1j1' - ;: .M r r. ______ '.,'1'I111 SI) 1l', \ (_)V1r1lL'1 :h . 'lTil: 1A ll I UA \ 1l I I \. A GOOI)LY (lAT'llIG ll; ( lmlf::ta.TI: AT T11;1'':(ill T CA'T tI,. A Pernannent (Irgnan , . N't IiWha 1)e1un1id id of the (ener,iI .aMn uIly-.''he I'e ,rtiaH Ins Detail. 'The State Farmers' Convention met in Agricultural -tall, Columnbia, on Tues day, the 9th inst., and was called to order by Capt. B. 11. Tillnan, of Edge fiold. Capt. Tilmau then proceeded to read an address of which the Columbia Regis ter makes the following synopsis: Capt. Tillman stated that owing to his having been called upon frequently to speak throughout the Stato the past su mer, he had acquired somtewhiat" a facili ty for extemporaneous speaking, but that as ho coul not follow his subject with that force of statenteit and logical sequence that he observed in his writ ings, he would not attempt to [address the Convention extenporancously. lie, therefore, had written an address. and would read it before the Convention. He then read the address, which, to bein with, alluded to the success \ ith which the effort to orgaiize a farmers' move mont had met, notwithstanding the op position the undertaking had received from the beginning. That opposition cani usually fremn those who held fast to the public teat, and a. was umural for thorn to squeal w hen they' felt it slipping from their teeth. [Applause. lie said, however, that despite the cold water thrown on the movement it wo)uld be a success and\ would result in onbounded benefit to the agricultural interests of the State, which, he was sorry to confess, had gone down year by year until the situation was ap)alling. The organiza tion of the farmers would unite them, and by their meetings and the ('lllC-eiou3 plans they would certainly dviFC the tloom would be dispelled and the agri culture of the State be put on a healthy footing. If nothing else the methods of our agriculture would he changed and something done to avert absoIate ruin. The farmers, he stated, were ground to powder between the mnillstomiR of West era competition on the one hand and borrowing money at a high et interest with which to muake their cro1 on thei: other. The organization of the farmers would go far towards remedying that mtiglty evil which threatened to over whelm the agriculture of this State. It had been charged, he said, that the farmers' movement was a pol it ical one, but it haid no more polities in it than the i farmers of the State laid a i it to as similate with it. lie iiiiisel wi'as opp)ois., to mixing polities with the nm eunt if the faimers could get their i" htis with >it it, butt the farmers now i1itenided to "i'ht their wrongs, and that v. as al they usk(ed. ( Applause. he pliiitical fea. tmres of the movenent w< ( re ti call atten tioi to the needs of the farmers and place the situai.ioi as it is b elore those in atuthority. lie felt pretty sure that their demands would lbe heedad, and in case they got what they waited they would be satisfie', but shouhi they not receive tle relief they ask at the lroper hands they would rise in their might and take what they want ed. AlpWiuse. ] lie thought, however, that they would get all they asked, and stated thiat mis one result of the movement nuimbers o' members had been elected to the I ,egislature, pledged to their ideas of refoi mu. The principal thiing the farmuer asked was the reduction of the ti: xes which burden him, and the adoption of :' less expensive system in condtuetiig the gov rnment of tihe htat' . They wanted 4bolia1hed all olilees which iad been estbishied for old fossils and broken down gentry, andi he prediceted that something in this line would b le donie wh'len the Legislature meiets. .\Applause. IIe p)rotested that his remar.ks east nio reflection oin present ineimnbenucts, but were intenided to call aittenutionl to useless ollices now existing uinder omur govern mient. iIo adIvopiated thme total diivorce of the Agricultumral DIepartment from p)olities, tud wvants it ilaced in th'e hands to which it properly bielongs, namely, p)ract.ical, experiened( farmers. T1he~ dleumnds of the farmers were that thme ag,rmicujlturail Pppartment, belonging by rights to them, shoul lie turned over to them. [Applause.]1 Ile maintained that farmers were iellbgent enough to manage their allairs, and t-imit if the leadinig men in the ranks would come to the front mand consult they woubd nmot hamve to go) to lawyers to kno1w how to get their polities ;wtd be tol how to vote. The establislunent of aim .\ gricultural College, said lie, wouild go far towards giving educated farmier to the State, and woul dissemuinate that scientific and p)ractical knowledge wvhichm the State so much needed. Hie renmrked thaimt he humd a letter fromn General Steheni D. 1 tee, ini which the (Genieral inifornmed im u thait ai college similar to the Agricultural (Col lege of Mississippi would cost, exclusive of thme grounds and expeinmental farm, 8100,000). Captain Tilinman believedl that thme $80,000 raised from the privilege tax on fertilizers and the fiund arising from the land script, in addition t.o a sinuall appropriation from thle State, would Ibe amlel to suippor t the college andu haive all the work (done thatis no;11w donei 1 - the Agricultural D epamrtmuent. In conclusion lhe urged conlservaLtisum upon the farmers in t-heir deumanmds, and expressed i s confidencee in legislation i remedy the evils they co)mplainm of. I f these wrongs wore not righted thbey would he oni band two years hemmce, iimi see that the,y wouhl no0 be b amiboozh.dl in the next chmoic~e of cetk-im~s iAu plause.j naited Seinator WV. 'J. Talbert, of E:dg field, for temporary prai,ident (he bein the caucus nommee) amit tiat gentlemnn was unanimously elected by acclamnationi Mr. ldbert took his phosition at the Ilorter's t able and1( 1briefly returned is thanks to the Conventioni. M'uessrs. ,J. T.'. D )uncan, of Newberiny and( W.'. Aalhbson, of Abeville, were tumna iously e'lected secretaries. Capt. Ti'nmanm now moved that the roll of counhfes be called and that the chir-m man of each delegation annifounie the niames of those sent to the Convention fronm his county, anid that sunch mitunes be enrolled as delegates. Adopted. *The enrolment ocupied some11 tinme. Nd credehtials werb suibimitted. T1he bo1unties of Aiken, lriel RBma nur.. Ulicsterlleld, Georgetown, _lory, Ham) ton and York were unropresented, an< Union was only ropresented by one alter nate. Richland had a large delegation and Charleston ono above the averag< size. The enrolment lasted until 1.1 5 P M. Vlen it hid been completed Mr Shell, of Laurens, said that a number o: dielegates wore absont at the Fair and lia therefore proposed' that after selecting a comumittee on credentials the Conven. tion take a recess until 8 P. M. .lr. Shell's otion was carried, so amendeti that the Convention should reconvene at 7.30 P. M. Mr. Ward, of Laurens, moved that the Chair aplpoint a member from each county to terve on the crcdentials com niittee. Mr. Fislhburne, of Colleton, secured the adoption of an amendment providing that each delegation elect its own committeeman, and in this shape the resolution was carried. The following members ccnstituted the committee : Abbevillk, A. V. Jones; Anderson, J. A. Hall; Berkeley,; T. W. L. Clement; Charleston, G. I,. Homes; Cliester, 1. P. Moore; Colleton, Ii. E. 'arker; Clarendon, .J. E. Tindal; Dar ligton, W. E. MeKuight; Edgetield, B. BI. Tillnman; Fairfield, Samuel McCor mick; Greenville, H. (. Gilreath; Ker shaw, (I. W. Mosely; Lexington, Isaiah Ifaliwanger; Laurens, J. M. Hudgcns; Marion, I'. C. Crawford; Marlboro, J. H. Green; Newberry, 11. H1. Folk; Oco nee, J. .J. Keith; Orangeburg, F. 1). Bates; Pickens, HI. C. Shelly; Richland, J. H. Kinsler; pa:hiuburg, H.. L. Far icy ; bumter, A. 1. Sanders; Union, John P. Thomas; Williamsburg, H. A. Eaddy. At 1.3O the Convention took a recess, and the committee on credertials, with I )r. .1. E. Tin d as chairman, began its session. i4ht Seneiotu. The Convention was called to order at 7.30 o'clock. )r. Tindal, of Clarendon, moved that the temporary organization be made per nmnent, and that afterwards the consti tition be adopted and permianent officers be elected under it. Capt. Tillman spoke for this sutbstitute, and it was carried. The teniporary oflicers having been made lpermnanent, the constitution for the Fa rners' Association of South Caro - lina waii then read by Col. E. T. Stack house, of Marion. A gentli man from W\illainsburg imoved to vote on it by sections. )ut by a vote of 34 to 31 the Convention refused to do so. Capt. Tillman stated that he and Col. Stackhouse had prepared the constitu tion, but he said he had no objection to havmng its sections votel on sepratoly. The Convention adopted th. constitution as a whole, as f~lLtws: 1'IREAM i. \Ve, the fariimers of South (Crolina, in Convention assembsle, recognizing the wislomn of the saying that in union there is strength, have determined to !orim an orgdnization for our, mutual protection and benefit. Its objects shall be the prolimotion of all branches of agriculture ail the in auguration of a more rational and remu nerative system of farming. These ends are to be secured by organizing agricul tural clubs throughout the State to meet and discuss the situation, and then bring the influence of the organized farmers to bear upon the State government so as to obtaiun lrotectioi against fraud and im position, and to secure that fostering care so imperatively demanded by oi' languishing agricultur i ntcrtet. While we shall as muchi as possilble eschew politics, legaslation wiich alIects the farmers injuriously or overlools them entirely will be our first care till a remedy be l,d. We claim the right to do this as citizens and taxpayers andl invoke the assistance of all classes ani p)rofessions in securing reform in our government antd in placing our agricul tural interests on a more secure and priosperous5 fondahtion1. To0 this end we have adopited thme following: t'ONsirr .os. .~ mw o: I . This Association shiall lie konas the Farmers' Association of South Carolina. ArT. I[. Thie oflcers of thIiis Associa tioni shall be a P'residenit, seven Vice Presidents --one from each Congression al District- -a Secretary and TIreasuirer and an Executive Coimmittre oif nine one from each Congression-d IDistrict and two at large- - -atll to be chosen by the members of this Association at th'e annual meeting in Novembeir, and to hold their oflices for one year, or until their successors are duly elected :pros i died, that the Executive Committee hold their oflice one, two and three years, three being elected annaldly. The first committee alil determine by lot the length of their respective termis. Auar. Il l. The President shall have a general supervision of the all'airs of tIhe Asasociation ; shall preCside at its meet ings, h!reseive order, and( regulate its discussions accordling to ordinary parli-. aiientary rules, and shall bie ex oil icio a muembler' of all comimittees. Inm his abi sence one c1 the VicePresients shall act. Thme Secretary shall attend all mecet ings oif the Associatioii. keepi a record of its l>roceedmngs, as also those of the Executive Committee, andi attend to the corresondten ce. Th'le Treasurer shall mreceivYe and keep an ac"ounit of all funds, and hay out the sammo by order (if the President, counter signed b y the Secretar'y, making an an nual repoirt of such recipts and oxpien. dlituires to the Associationi. Auir. I V. The E'xecutive Committee shiallI have the geineral muanagemniit and conitrol oif all lbusiness oif thme Association, shalil priepare aiid issue ia prograimme for its animal mieetinigs, anid mauke all needed airraingemuenuts therefori. Tey shiall take whlatever st(eps they miay deemi prloper to secure thle origani/ationl of farmuers' clubs ini every Couuty of thle State, (very Townshipi if possibh.. mnd until this is doneW they may apipoinut origaiii.ers to do( this wvork. Amr. V. Terglrana et ngofthe Associationm shai Ili e held ini the city of Columbhia the reon!d Tui(s day in Novemiber', and sp;cial umeetings may lie called by the Excut ive Coniniit tee when deemed necessary. AlT. VI. Each Cony Centiral l'armeors' Association shall he'entitled to fiye representatives, who shalil be elected by said Associations at their (Oc tober moeings in each year. Whiere Iu orgamization exists, a rhamss meeting of farmers mnav ielec .eoj5 bu th.i. 1hall only be allowed once, as the value l of this Association will depend on its - permanent character. Each County Association shall deter ine for itself the jlualilications of it members, and shall meet at least four tunes a year, and they shall not charge more than lifty cents per uiember for an nual (ues. The Governor of the Shtto shall be cx ollicio an lonorary member of this A ,sociation. A ai. VII. There shall be a standing counuitlce of one for each County, ehec ted by its delegation immnediately after the orgauizat"ioii is completed, to whom all resolutions or business propositions are to be referred without debate, 'and this comn ittee shall prepare business and be crr powered to make such recon mendations as it shall see lit, to be acted upon by the Association. Arr'. Viii. This constitution may be altered or amended at any annual meeting by a vote of two-tlirds of the members present. We also adopt the following BY-LAws. First. 'rhe President shall appoint all committees, unless the Association shall determie otherwise. Second. '.'To E:xecutivo Committee may fill all vacancies occurringg in any otlice, as also in their own num ber, until the next annual ieeting. Third. Elections for ollicers shall be by ballot. Fourth. A fee of live dollars slall be paid annually by each County Assoeia tion sending deklgates, and the delegates from no county will be allowed to vote until this fee is paid. Fifth. The regular order of business shall be; I ;t. Boll call alid enrolling delegates. 2d. Beading minutes of last meeting. &d. Correspondetce. itl. ieport of special conunittees. 5tn. 1eport of standing committees. th. Unfinished business. 7th. New business. Sixth. These by-laws may be altered, amended or susp)ended by a two-thirds vote of the members present.. uiTi'TON 01' 1o i.:liIts. The election of oflicers followed. Mr. Boyd, of )arlington, ntomlinatd Capt. B. 11. Tillmani for president. (al)t. Tillnan said that he felt that he could do more for the cause he had at heart by serving in the ranks or in some other capacity than in the presidency; he, therefore, begged to declinc. Mr. Farley, of Spartanburg, nomi nated Mr. 1 . K. Norris, of Anderson. A delegate nominated President ''al)ert, Who dehined. On motion of Mr. Fish burne, the Chair cast the unanlitnous vote of the Convention for MI'. Norris. h'le aunouneenle'nt of the vote was greeted with hearty applause, which was resumed wvhieni Mr Norris wa;s l('(ortcd to iihe chair by Messrs. lBoyd, TillnaI and 'i idal. On taking the eluir Mr. Norris ex pressed his high sense or the honor which had I)eein conferred upon him in his selection to p reside over so representa tive a body of South ('aroliiians. .1t would be the privilege of the mnenbers of the Convention, as citizens, to coln sider the things that afficted theml as citizens, and looking to their interests as agriculturalists to advance them with tout antagonizing other intterest:;. It Woldlt be their duty to coisider as faners and to suggest to the (ieneral Assembly 1leaisures for the relief of the farming interests. They had goie to the )acti cal walks of life for a unaun to till their chair, and with a knloledge of his iii experience he relied upon their indui gence of his shortcomings as an ollier. The other oflicers elected were a:s fol lows: Vice-P'residents-Col R. S. ledon of Colleton, for the First Congressionail D)ist.rict; lion. W. ,J. Tlalbert, of Edlge hield, for the Seconid D)istrict; Capt. Jlol1 Beard, of (Oconee, for the TIhird D)is tricti G. WV. Shell, of L aurens, for the( F'ourthi District; W. A. Ancruiu, o,f ker shaw, for the 1'ifth District ; (Gen. -l T. Stackhouse, of M\arion, for the Sixth DJistnict; J)r. E. ,J. Itembhert, of Sumtrer, for the Seventh D)istrict. erery--J. T1. Dunimcan, of New Treasurer-W\. P. Adldisoni, of Abbe ville. Thle standing commn'ittee wasii elected as follows; Abbeville, ,J. Th'lor:ton; An derson, J1. 13. Watson; Berkeley, F'. Y. Legare;( Chiarleston, WV. It. kinsman Chester, C. W. McF"adden ; Colleton, F. C. F'ishiburne; Clarendon, .1. i. 'Timi dal; Darli ngtoii, Ji. W. I)easley - Idge ton,( eo. Mosely ; L exingtoni, 1I. J SeibeIs; Laurens, .John \y. i liges Lanctaster, Ri. L. Mickler; O)ranigebuirg, J. E. Xannamiaker; Sumter, A. K. San (drs; Uiiioni, JTohin P. Thlomlas- WiI liaimsburg, IF. M. Britton; Mlarion, E; T1. Stackhouse; Marlboro, R. WV. 'eges Newberry, J. C. (Gogganis; Ocone, ,j' J. Keith; P'ickenrs, I1. C. Shirley-; Ii'ic hand, .J. .H. Kiinsleir; Spartanburg, IH. I Farley. A numiber of resoluitioiis, touiching upon01 various mautter's, weie no0w initio duced, and recferred to Ithe staniniig coin nuttee. TIhe Convention thenci adjouirned till 9 o'clock oni the morning of thle .10ith imstant. M,rrondia nv. Th1 e Convention ass4embhledo at 9 o'clock, bult took aL recess till ellevei o'clock, in ordeir to heaIr Ih I report of the commnittee on reslut ions. (tapt. 'Iilhlman readl this report, as follows: 'riu-: ei,Ar'oIuM. A fteir dure con)sideration (If thle vartious resolutions referredl to us, and11 taking inito c'onidierat ion tI h oweri investedl iii urs to mtake indleplendlent recliinnenIa tions of our oiwni voilit.ioni, we sub mi t thei following platfom as emilIb ini the suibstancie of such1 resolluit iin s a I1 acetedl up)on favoralyI by thle commitee andl as5 mdicating thel reform and) ll mns ures wIihih we dIeemi of greit iL mporitane to our11 initerests as farmneis aind ctize1i. 'We, the farmers of South ('>ina di n Conve~tiioni assembhledI, after maituire de liberation 1and( aifter' all the hlight andi( 'e lperieceiC gaiined smerie our lant (Con 'lei tion from~u the fullest dis5cussioni amoui ouirselves as to the general objects toI b a ittainedh, hereby ex press our11 cont in) and uniilhakeni conid ence in omi Farm cir .\ssoemation s o organized t ce pihgatgo'od forl tilh' State if pr'operly condui~ct and kept within legitin11e, bounids, and we hereb y ireiterof '' . terniIlunat ilon thait threre shiallhe hem.e-iio mittee of ive be appointed to take steps to have the legislation recommended by the Convention presented to the General Assembly, and passed, if possible. This evoked another discussion, '" Capt. Stackhouse thought that the executive comniittee should be entrusted with the work. Another delegate thought that a com mittee of three would be suflicient. Their expenses would have to he paid, and as the farmers la4d been preaching retrenchmeniit it would be0 as to well prie tice it right here. Finally it was agreel that the con mittee should consist of three memibers, to be selected from the exceutive com mittee. ?". e ''nri: NEw Altn'U iru, n oAl1>. ('apt. Tillmai next suggested that it would he necessary to be prepared with an agricultural 1boird in case the Legis lature decided to turn the bureau oer to the Association, as recommnii'idel in the plat '!t:n lie maovcd that the coim Iniittee on rtintions he instrutled to name teii ilu iii ers of the Assoeiat.ion, who by reson of their chiacter, ability, earnestness and zeal will conluuand the respect of the farmers of the State as lit to lie the first 1'oni of the reorganized bureiu. This 'evok ti a long discussion, iii which (apt. Till ban took an aet(ive lart, exp)laining his views and intentions. The motion was finally adopted with an ainendmnent reqtuiring the Ialnes to 1 sullmitted to the ('onvention for conlir 1nition. ('apt,. '.'ilhn!e' n(xt, wit!h nll ap ology 1for the ti pienV of his oecupanc of the floor, stat(d that it was kntwn that iin some of his letters 1nblisheds last. win icr he hait used wtids in 1(1(14 nee to the State Agricultural Society which might be considered too st.ron. lie said lie laId b)eeni holest. iii whet l- llid( said. It was stated lv iuily of the m"emblers of the State Socity that this Association was antagonistie to taint botdy, and was intended to siper"st.it" it. Hit for on(" remcmbhretd that <durinig the dark days of liadical ile in t ht' State, the Stit' Agricultural So'ie't y wl Ir hii>s the oily orgiaiizedil ittly of whitt mci in the State. tie lesi red i to <tlnyi that he had the 1(st feeling of ie t Iment or distrust for tlintt socictv. lie desired that hiarmonly aund ('onic'rt of action should exist be'tweei the twio bodies, :nid with int view h' inlovt d that a c)oImmnittet' (it thI " e Iappoiinted to invite the State Agriiltaitl Societ v to meet this Association iii joiint 4nmvi'.1 tion---a kind of ltivef("ast this t"vuning at 7.80 o'ehick, inl order thnt 11ee mu ight ! be a union of the two wings tof the '*niiii ! army of farini's. A Apulanse. 'E m, 4-, tion Was inuiinimullotsly adoltted, ail lie ('IIvenition) ti iC ti t,k a it ( n iii il 7.:i) P. \1. At half-past 7 about nue hinidrecd llicininCbrs reasseinlid at the aiial aiit the iiceting was talled to ordcer 1y tlie president, Mr. ). E . Nori'c. The first Ibusiiness Ibe'foe tIhe expected lovefeast was Ile anno1uniet'h ent of i new 1board of agrieulhtr iin cuse the Legislatulre should i lopt the reeiimn li datioli of the ('oivention at ta"nilsfer the luanageiuont of the I tur'aul of agrli culture to the F"neii rl:s' Assoceintion. Th'Iie al)pointiaelts, as anioUtcetthtv the cotii)ittee (n btusint's'., ar': I). lx Norris, 1it-lrsun; .11. L.. I)onaltls. n, (h'een\ille; F. ''. Stttekhous, .iarin; Ii. ''ilhutau, 'lgeield ; ). 1'. I )uie:u l'ui(tn1; A \Ian,ou dhsoni, Nc cl:ewihr; dlohin soii Iagcdii, hliriwelI; I . A. I .oe (Chester; F .i. Ri'eves, (irilestion; A. E. )avis, Fairlieh(l. (.i iiiotiau of Mr. Shell, of Iiur("us, lie report of' the coinia itt ccwias adopjt il Thke mnemberis ofi thle (Conventioin we-re then re<ilest ed to) 4ccupiI y thIe chanirs in the left oft the hal, t'.aving~ those on t' right foir the m ieaihters of theic Statiie AXgri culItuiral an<d Mechaiciin!t Sc itv , whoii hii1ad bee inv.i ted Iio att eI c a jociait. iet - iug, andl a recess was tken unltil S (Captaini Tillimain iniovedc to adjourn'i. .\ declegati' asked wiiit haid heaiine of the lovefeast at which thle St ate A grici tui n and1( " '\lianical Siociet y was to haive as siste<l. Th'Ie chacirniaii repliji that thei o'cloch aili hac wiiited fori theii; tluat inuch to his regret thiey hiad niot aph pieared', anid as die Jail Ihiadt beeni lprtornised tc the Suirvivr- of thle Walbaee II locse at half-past S o'lclckl hi dlidn't see how On )inolutioni, the ('ciivention thienl ccl. TIhie41 repiter of thle .\ ws andi t c rier aLd(s this statcaenet :' \\'ithouct beingib informedii'c ats to thei caulsi., wichinI ven'iture'c tic siy thait thIe joiiint loingi proposed5(4 waiis imniet icenhte forth' reIa-c siin that the Soicict y was noot ini ses'-.n, its aninual mieitiing heing appiloiiit l forl the' next nighit. Nic hah I the pn,perluci ': exphmalictionis will lie inun V'. t'rocedinao of thelii I's,'.lii er '14 poistuiiisfter's ofl Monthic ( ':rocl~ccin iu 1 list iiighit clStanil's~ l:cll. Tlii. c,v Iiin origaimi as i fol low s: i 'rsi th-i . A.'c's i ller,It I-> Ic icic. if I )iie \'i . 4i cras of anapienisa- ticoi. The foI llning ci c de - ii ciri repre.ut-ct Sucth I ('aroclini i thle i dune at Chii catgo.icc I'..\ s Io a ncc b u r g ; i i ' i 1 \. cin e \c I cie "11.ll F. iicnner u I 'olci ter ( ecu-ral ickniiow Ii incg the- ire'eric ican i c u iita e Ii aii I ili. iincc' in?-, thei cc ci vert il. 1 .'.!| - a. /'ii n, \ lie a i ctii c c icitih helter ico Si.tin ii 'ill ilici tic ccui itl halit l- ill yery well, its w.-ln is to ti hoiciiw henlcc 4 im'lis lhair begius to 'ccii. 'i ill*'Tii' i iI t\DWilIN . Iln' op I'.w Nl'nt ni1 1'retenaded l yles are Dieteeted. The cu'rent nunber of the 'eaian's I Art edournal contains complete t paper 1 on ')isputed IIandwriting,'' prepared lby its editor, I). T. Ames, the vell i knowii ptualtship expert, and read be- I lore tue Business Itucators' Conven- t tion. The suljeet is of such broad and , ,;'u ral interest as to warrant the repro- I ductiot of the article in these colunuts: ''This is a subject that has been grow ing greatly in intportance luring the < iast few years- that is the legal investi- 1 gation oft questiuns alrising froum hand- c writing in our courts of justice. W'ith t reference to the value of such labor as experts are ale to perform in this re spect there is a wide diffeiirece of opin ion. Mauy of the jurists of our day t esteem it highly, and many not quite so i highly. The question really comes to t he - is there any such t thing as scientifie t and satisfactory investigation of the c various phases under which handwriting I tlpears in our courts. We all know that r forgeries are very nunterous --that. i scarcely a week )asses in this city that I there are not tried causes involving in < solue iinnter the genuiness of hand writ ig. Most of those present are fmnilimr with the methods resorted to by i forgers in produeing their work. The t great nuijority of forgeries are not by f lersosl who are sk:llel in the art of peniuanshil); ninuy of them are of so e iniperfeet a claracter that a good judge l would wonder that there had 1b een any t ipestion raiset respecting it. I have r been calied to investigate forgeries 2 where there was scarcely a sentblaine to t the genuite writing sought to be itni- 1 ted, others whero ilare would be it t general ouitline, 1but the character of the t wvor k w1ould at oncte statnp it. ats spurious. i llie gre it prn"oportion of the forgeries of t signatures are perpetrated by nttitns of v racing the parties inaking an outliue a lnith a pe iel and Iten writing it in with ink-torgergies of that class are very easily letectel when carefully exi mined wtith a s ld gilss, and esp,eeial:y with at gtootd ni, ('ol>'e. Anothier cliss, and the ln,l tI hingei"'li?, are prepar'ed l)\' skit 1lll1 ie-s taking a signatiire and 1' Intetirin iut 11 it, as tuon ai cop y, until c it ein ihe r(pIrtodieed by the forger with a toien'ible legn"'e ' of nccuracy. some- Ii tiun es to anu estonishing degree. I luve t seen such signatures where it wlls imupos- u sib le to deterine with any degree of 1 t"ertailty w hether the signatures was 1 sp)uious ur geniune. F'orgeries executed n 1by the tniiug process are invariably ' denionu:t iat ed i la such, I belie e, lie- e cause no aii canl at the first following t, of a inteing iiutke a i;ignature which witl f deceive it person who is faniiaiar u ith the v g~ulttine -lit shutdes wvill be tiilterent, ail thu :"trengtl: of the lin w'ill ie t ditlretit. alldt winie there itre short- t collli:, ini thii respuect they havhe to be I oe('i ret 'V letracingie. ThIlt'e wit tl,tear I llider the glas in ()Vir-hitpping ha era uti itk. 'this will also be true oft f''rg ' siganttres that are initee hv hi'Ioldilg I thni to tle light, as to it pane of glass or to a light, but there is also t difi'ferent I 1oinelit'lt, itnl Ibenee diYerint iquality ofiit line-- thtre is thut ii the w riting I Wilch shitows it is niit written wtithi the 1 ontlirtry and nlttiural niution of the 'ni hoal. T'hurt will also b e a nervous k trin:or, Ulti It slower the iul is h 11101cd tlwe Iln ire app)artent w ill thiis h", o if o t sigi,at i' is pliiettd over ;nr ut her tI ;tntl foiund to t"uVer it in tever' respect, it. u :; inev\shtly the t'aUe that on'e is a forg'- Ii r c. h os; forg'eries art liskilfully exe- o uignigt belt called at pen lrtist. M.ly 11n- p n:tle Iy c'itirks I get all idea that they ('all reprtodice tiheir eiployer's signt- rI tun-:t the have lhad very gotod oi)>rtu-tii~I ine,2 yt rarlely tail ti l0 d,tected. iiu Onei ofi the ist fr'eiquent phaslees in 13 dlisguil, tatalw~orit ing in the' orn of f~ 'alli'il., b'i-k-t 02i 11' ihn-ten tiing or i if Iiin etties. PeI w mll famiOSliar lethr ai \h hialiltt t< n lle:tOll. eli e.-it to. b yl 5itent to hih hiii spia of uhl ia itits g< lit, !vnr tils os say01 tVil iii durng gJ .iiiih wee in.t. whuich lli pacaist of atnchol yitousy letterisp ltvi i>t heen brout eto iyt s 'hanic tii ivestition. t thlani of th(i threatent i; th l 'ive s'no peopli t*ir tIbn,'i'iptie s arIt gon iiroig outihes, ~a' fi'iries ill r ey etndrd lnte thite frIin th poiet or tor li an..iar illge n's of ion ho luhtel bengheas- 11 IInedi whsit dlath'b suppotstyled eIploes.1 Slli unine gi ut ilinlauo eothe- torby \tirne then' u letters,a- snhn printed lIna-iines' 'otilyb'an. lishi thell eecutlie "1111 W"ltrlig o te dtity of the Iwitr ro' veylp rns :i wrlitet thelI ex-t Ihe w"lorttf l \i'ulitii ng t te ives-'alty .100a tl wolole iJhit ofi aschool boyli writingl ho oisljei not netedude 0rnisuie wh' i.inpate any ind vhb;ouity-e -ori tpefor''iyt ies iting.)011 Ilhj t tiiier tof wi(tingO sutld rite li ltter tal Iit g ittiII 10 (illt115tehth li upi,'i) ialtly whne- l hay sylt hei iitiheIi'' tlbe ocongs.ri hiswitvber. woi 11par t i the'0 itandard lpersnahltycIi of) the3 witr 11(5t hler twas10 forth in South Carolina an organizatior for the protection and advanenent of our agricultural interests. in furtherance of this pULrplose and aq embodying the present views of th( State, we respectfully urge up)on om (eneral Assembly the necessity and ad visatbilit.y of the following measures: 9 L. The establishment of a real agricul tnral college, separate and distinct from the South Carolna College, ad modeled tfter those of Mississippi and Michigan. We believe that the necessary funds to build and equip this institution can be secureU by lopping oil needless ex yendi tures, and abolishing or consolidating useless offices without increased taxation. We further recommend, as a means to assist in building the institution, that the dill'erent counties of the State ho em powered to bid for it by oflering bonds or land. 2. ''hat an experim1entl station should be established at or in connection with said Ain i. ultural and llechatnical l'ol lege, I;he sone to be under the charge of its faentv, and that we nltemioriatlize Con gress to pass the bill introduced by Mr. hatch and now pending, which appr priats .15,010() annually to each StItt for the purpose, and that we ask our Senatr" aid ('ongressnen to use al legiti,n;itto means to secure its passage. .. '?hat. in order that our agricultural adm t lration may be divorced as far as p0si,k fromt p)olitics and 1pOliticians, and f lc men blest tnualificd to perform t*hese Itllortint duties be selected by those cou 41nipetent to judge, in order that We niay seclr( a Iboard of agricul ture at once ellicienlt, zealous and repre senta:i\4', who know our needs and will try to "t1Iv tI 1em1, we urge that instead of being (";enu by the ILegislature they be elected by this Farmers' Association. The board of agriculture should consist of ten members, five elected annually. They should have the power to elect. th"ir own secretary, whose duties would correspond with those of the preswlt colnlissioner. Their duties would be the same as the LatwV ilposes 01 our pres ent board, except as the collection of the phosphate royalty, which should be given to the comnptrollcr-geIeral. In ad dition they should havc cont rot of the agricultural college and exp(erimental station, and should by means of farmers' institutes build up and keep aliv, coining agricultural associations. I. 'That the system of u spe( ction of fertilizers is now defective, and no ade tlate punishment for frauds p'rovided. \\e therefore urge such add; ional legis lation as N ill secure the needed protec tion w ithtout imposing unnecessary re strints upon the nwtt limfacture and sale of lertilizers. (ottolt seed rueal, whether sold as a fertilizer or as feed for stock, should be intspecttld 1n(1 its adlteratioll l)nlltishled. .P. W\e 1urg the' I,eg;islature notot to lutalder thu State's 1ro1perty 1y illon - itg tlo' wholesale exportit 1ion1 f pih)s. p hates ait mterety tnmnl prlces, and that w' th a view of le :oning the burdens of taxation, they take ieto consideration the advisability of increasing the phos phate royalty. 1 Ve 1 econnnend the p a1ssaty- of such legislation as will protlect tihe farlers of tie State pgainst imposition and fraud in the weighting of cotton. 7. We respectfully urge sucht legisla tion as will prottet uts ugainst forest tires negligently start,d. 5. T1'h1 equnalizatlonl of taxe- dlumand(s earnu st consi1, rationl at the 1ul,is of the f,(gislatui re, and we 1Irg(" sucht ::-tion as c:m b(e.t secuie it. . Ie urge 5uC1 alterat ios ( fi the fee bill 1s will gulard the estates of dead 11e' sols agnilist lbluses and p'rovidle' protee tion t'or' widows and orplnins. itl. In order to secure it n1"ded re forIts iI nl our coun1ty gover iuneits and to redulce tile burden of taxaltionl, as well as8 to secuire such1 chanWges iln tile juldicil systemi as may2 b)e neecded, we ''arne(sily reuiest ouir iegislaktors to c2onsider tile aldvisability of calling a1 conlstitti onal coInIvei oll, lss'5, inI their jud(gmenit, tile n1ecessar1.y changes maly be1 beutter (1b Afte'r the4 readinlg of tile laltfr a011 mfot.ion Was miade to hike it upJ by see tions. Th'i~s excitld some dlisculssionl, anid a1 divisioni was dlemianded 1on1 the quiest.ion, r'esultinlg yeas2. :39, 11an1 21. TJ.he pllatfo.rml was thlen rearil by SeC tions1, amd was1 aldoptedt. i)urlinlg the1 proIgreSS ofI tile read(ing thier'e were 4.ne4 orI two short dtiscuLsions. The( pliatformi was5 then adop11 tell 2a8 a wIlle. .1 AI;1uI:Lrjuar, or,r.is;i. thIe Andlersonl t-'armlers' (Cluk1 W&'.2re ferred to tihl commIiitte'I: I.egislatulre2Ii thestab ililnent (If anl agri - cul1tural1i cIlle(ge sepalrate 1and1 distincet fronm the South1 Car'olina2 C!oleleg. .I(lele, Thalt we as8k for1 a1 reor'gani zaito <>Il(f th1e dleparitmenlt oIf a1gricultu re farmiers (If tile State. Ti111 1'AI 1ou1 AxN 'rnsi 15:w11 1,n. lowVing re4solhitionl, wichl was 1also re ferred: Whiereas thie usury law ihas hlad no ('lfeet iln chieapen ling mloney, btIl L 1 slmtf the faimiers out from obtaininig 1111 geous1 char11gs- oIf file (ottonl facetors1 andl me(reblants, inuunI1lting 1t) fromI 31) to 1001 perI (enIt.: And, wherea1u:s, these1 laws4 for1ce thll far merls to e'xchanIge' co(ttonh fIlr goodils, (ena2 b)1 ig the4 meI.rlumIlt to) fix thle price of th e farlmers' produce and t11 o e4 fxact tile pr'ice (If iis goods12, thus1 dolinIg aIway with the1 c2irclat.ion1I 1of(mon ' amlIong tile farmers, to file detranen(1 t of thle whole( coIlnItr'': TheIreftor we r clon11end( thl e relel (If the1 ulsIry 11aw. I'' titlowing was 1nl4i ''11121'l |'y sIlit. Ia .plaper, sIlb441ittedl by Dr I). 111e11nb1rt ithf the14 rlcommenda1l(I4tion! that it be( pub11 I1 ylNo I2xPP.Ns. A fltr 1(14me4 deba lte, an1(15 assessment 1 111lnhdllar was laid upon01 ealch delegruIe. to p)ay the exipense( of tile CIIvenion12.' I wiich tile t reasu r1(e m--.c(24 .,(' II -n..... aince that were printed in Gothic letters, iniformly at first, but, after a while, the aarty fell to printing the main part of it n lower case (illustrated on the board), ind by-and-by the writer came, uncon ciously, to make the i and t exactly as n script-and finally a word appeared n scriptr-genemlly persons in printing ho lower case will make i's, e's a d t's, mnconsciously, as they would write tm, tfter going over pages of the writing ho identity of the writer was fully dis overed. "Probably the most difficult class of ases arises where a writer copies or eakes use of another handwriting to lisguise his own. Now if I should at empt to simply disguise my own hand oithout any copy or ideal before mc, I hould endeavor to use forms outside of ay own hand, foreign to myself, and hus avoid identity ; but where a take nother hmndwriting and, by imitating hat, supply llyself with now material, ay disguise would be all the more difi iit to lenetrate and explain. I now taye a case in hand where this has, as I llege, been done. On the one hand it s s alleged that a certain party has written dackmailing letters in a disguised hand; in the other hand, the accused claims ome one 1has simulatotd his hand. Ex orts have been called in to show that it s his handwriting disguised, and others o show that it is not but rather a manu ttctured imitation of his writing. '" At this point Mr. Ames called upon ne of the members to write his auto ;raph upon the blackboard, and called pon a skilled writer to imitate it as early as possible, which being done, Ir. Ames instituted a sharp analysis of he origual signature, indicating its ersonaltics and pointing out wherein 1e copyist had failed to reproduce es0 personalities, but had unwittingly icorporatet, tlirdiigi for" of habit, bose of his own hand. Th exrcts -- 'as listened to with marked attention ad apparent interest." \UtIIlT G:L,t1 litCl. EID. Nutern .nnuti en r+aid to lie tcttauning to Fanh lonH of the I.fNI Ccutury. '11he reimrkable discovery has recent b)cl b tee ade that ' white hands are lining into fashion again," says London ueen. It would seem that hands have ec growing less white than they used > be, and have suftred from too great ttachment in ladies to lawn tennis and oating and otiher masculine accomplish 0nts. Chapped and red hands arc ever pretty, and these, of course, inva ably follow on outdoor exercises. The vil is, happily, not beyond remedy, and olfset,this purpose "the daughters of ihion," as many of then will learn itlh surprise, now have dishes of hot aater shaped like a hlower leaf on their ilet, tables, i t which they steep heir hands for a while before going to >ed, then anoint them with vaseline and mit on gloves lined with a preparation of old cream1. These gloves should be of vash l'ather at d several sizes too large or the hand. Before the paragraph has gone its tardy oundtt ili print these night gloves will urely be made an instance of the amauz ng luxury of our degenerate days, and oit, we may be sure, a very doleful toral. In the absence of any general iowledge on this point, the ladies of ishion will 1e looked utponi as having riginattd a 1erni ious practice, which, )gethter with the toilet iasks of which e recently heard so mutch and saw so t.tle, might inheate a lamentable degree f ovei relineientt, such as we should rtminly be reminded has invariably receded the decay of empires. The 011 receipt for perfuming gloves ins :Take ainiber grease a dram, civet te like qpuntit,y, orange flower butter a Ilarter of11 an1ounc, and1( with these wvel ixed and1( ordered daub them over gent with line cotton wool, and so press e per(fum1le mIto thenm. Other devices r mind(lg thiemi "'richly redolent" )unt genlerally to the use of oil or fate bJenig the best avalilablIe and most rgely (1mploy)3ed means.11 to secure a iod and h lstig p)erfumne. As for suich oves beinlg conlsideredl excellent for ght u180 we have thle lines ill Swift's >01m on '"Thle Lady's D)ressing Rloom," lore nighlt gloves made41 of TIripsey's aI)lucth'd by Tripsey when she died. Whler'e a lady's nuid is reassuring her istressL in a11)0011 of 1 790, as8 to her ownl periority over aL rival, the maid says: know tile 1111. she lab1ors to disguise, 1110w wheell 11 all hr boasted graces 1(os0elharmso wichei gained tihe creature such1 renlownl, :'e culled4 from every (huarter of the town ; ac buys her beau.ities at a pirice inunlense, er brea1th from~ Wa1rrenl and1 11cr teethi from S3pence; ich nlight her face is wraIppedl in greasy 1(d (Chinese gloves 011101d her armis and hands ; 81uch a1 malIdeup thing canl rival thee, at park canals strive with the foaming sea : It Oxford baceks with Pegasus compareo Id b)road St. Gliles' vie with P'ortnm i square. Th?iere would be0 som11 .sspiciy -ol .emical treaitmient about such e;loves. thlough a 1 rench philosopheri 801mo no ago asserted that glover> , -o alU tisans, were the most mild and14 amiable, ving to the soothling influence of loath upon01 temlperamnent, tis dliscovery had >t been made41 whlen Chlinese gloves ire mi vogue, and more direct agencies utimg upon tho 0outer man1 or womiani rer atll that wvere souIght aift<r. "'Mced ated " gloves are 1usert by .L:. Johnison'a >rn1 beauty inl the .120tn 1AImbler, the >etor probably not knowi.g much of >ilet miysteries. This 3" ung lady is ~presented as8 alwa'tys mxost .airefulily tenl :1d 11nd put under1 rigid e >smletic disci lineO at night, neve'r permlfttId to slceep 111tillorougl,y ano1intel with "'bOau. >werL waiter and14 May dowI,"' her hair rfumned and1( GIled, and1( the softness of r1 hands(1 secured1I) 1110medicated gloves. \t .Jpecial dispatch fromI S:11 Anitonio, w~lett (1rinier and111. his paty 'were aIttaicked - i kIlled, says that Glriner was killed by r piolice (oltivers n h0 were hlired to com11 the leed V hv two br1othIers named10 Ar flu h A 1222igu s pro)fe5ed friendship Griner4, but, turn red on the0 Aml4eians bi I reacherous1 venIgeanc as soon'01 as h * ege1m tIle ar1tn1k.