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- - *- - ' \ t-h V"OL. XVI, PICKENS, S. ., THURSDAY, JUNE 9, 1887. NOf37 TIMELY TrOPICS FOR FARIMER HoW TO DO PAYING WORK AT Till SEASON. Snggdstions of Interest, fromi an Authori tativo Source. (W. L.Jones In Southern Cultivator-) Having finished planting the mail crops and got them well under way, th work of continued cultivation will ab f sorb most of tho time and attention o the farmer. If the seasons during May in any given section, haVe been propiti ons, the main object in view in cultivat ing the crop will be to keep the surfact soil in light, friable condition. Tho un thinking laborer conceives that the chic end of plowing and hoeing is to preven the weeds from choking the crop. T< such a man (perhaps there are man 4 such) the grass and weeds are a blessing in disguise--compolling him to give the cultivation which would be needed, ever in the absence of such a blessing. De): plowing of growing crops is not now ii order, excepting, of course, late-planted filds not before well plowed. We wani to induce a moderately rapid and health ful growth of the stalks of corn and cot 4 . ton. Therefore the roots of the planti sbould not be torn and broken mnort tan is absolutely necessary. The uppei eh or two of the soil should be kopi pon and loos . The crust which form fter a rain prevents the easy access of n.o air abovo-laden with plant food is ho form of carbonic acid and nitrogen nd should be broken as often as may o found oxpedient, not less than onit tn every ten days or two weeks. Thc Slayer of soft mellow soil that is left be" hind the cultivating implement acts very dcoidly as a mulching to the layer below in which the roots are penetrating in - every direction. Such a layer of loose soil is a poor conductor of heat and therefore protects the roots of the crop from the too fervid and scorching rays of the sun; and the interstices are not fine and close enough to act as capillaries in bringing up the moisture from the soil about the roots to be evaporated and lost, as would be the case if the crust f were permitted to remain undisturbed. It should be the aim, therefore, to go over a crop as rapidly as possible after a good season of rain and to keep the stir face as constantly as possible in this loose, open condition. How often a crop should be plowed over is, as already hinted, a question of expedioncy. While it is true that a crop growing on poor laud but lightly fertilized will receive n greater ratio of benefit from frequent and thorough cultivation than a cro. growing on rich or well-fertilized soil, yet it pays best to give the naturally rich or the highly fertilized land the prefer once-the best and most frequent culti vation. We doubt not there are lmauy fields already planted that would give better returns (less loss) if they should receive no cultivation at all. RAlI!) CULTIVATION. The implements used in the South in cultivating the crops are generally do fective in the respect that they are too small--they do not get over the crop fast enough. A light-running 12 to 18 inch sweep does not fully tax the capacity of a stout mule to say nothing of the smaller shovel and scooter, still so much used. The Southern farmer does not fully ap preciato the advantages of wide spread " ' ing cultivators and harrows. Among the number of expanding, adjustable culti vators, on wheels or otherwise, that are so generally used in the North and Wcst, we ought to be able to find one that will answer our p)urpose better than the sweep and heel-scrape. A cotton middle should be cleaned out and stirred fromci row to row at one through trip-a corn row at not more than two. There is cer tainly an unnecessary consumnption of time and travel when from seven to nine furrows are given to each three-foot cot ton row in the course of the season, as is usuall (lone, employing the time of an able-bodied hand and mule. Several years ago, wvhile watching the plowing of a field of cotton with 24-inch sweeps-two furrows to the middle--we were struck with the fact that, in muakin~ the return, or second furrow, the bi~ sweep was doing substantially little more origiaal work than might have been done by a three-inch garden hoe. The greater part of the cutting edge of the sweep was lapp)inIg over and passing along the fur row run just a low moments before. To remedy this on the spot we directed the plowman to side "by the row," and skijp every other row-i. e, side both sides ol every other rowv. TJ.he result was a gainJ of just one-half the time, and doing the work-so far as merely stirring the soil was concer-nedl--almoset as perfectly as il twvo furrQws had been inn in each mid 6 ~dIe. Th2Jis saving of time made it lim'Si able to stir the soil---praictically tihe enmtir tsurface--twice as otten as before with p)recisely the same labor. Oif cour se at the next plowing thme rows not sided be fore receivedl the sp'ecial attention, thli others being left. We were so lea'ised with the plan thatd it wats atdopted as ii permanent resoit, especially when it wiu <tesirable to go over the crop very rapid ,v as immnediately after a heavy rain. uopiciple involved is more or leN apphicable to the cultivation of wide] rows, and the p)lan may b)e modified oi suspended according to ci rcumstances, It 1is equally alplicable to any of th< cultivators which do not straddle th1e row so atopwboth sides of it. Am implement designed to run astride th<1 rows and side both sides perfectly is desideratum in the earlier stages of tin crop. But in the absence of such a cul tivator thme plan above detailed will ofte be found very expedient. Tlhe time honored rule of plowing over the cro1 every three weeks has but little to re commend it except its observance wil prevent the absolute loss of the crop. I but three p)lowinigs are to be given to thn corn crop it is better to somewhat dela the first and hasteni the second and third so as to make the intervals betwuee plowings less. SMALL GnATN. Of course the small grain crop mus receive attention as it ripons for the liar vest, and no reminder will be neede< other than the rapid fading of the greet: into the golden yellow. Rtemember tha oats intended for feeding in the shea should be out when the tops of the headi have turned yellow and while the straw is still greeu. Cut rather high and curo well before housing, as they are very troublesome to manage if put into stack or barn undercured. Wheat intended for market or milling khould also be cut beforo fully ripo, but nearer full ripeness than oats. The husk or bran will then be thinner and the yield of flour will be better than if the grain be pcrmitted to fully harden. But all grain intended for seed should be fully ripe, especially - oats. It is an excellent plan to go over the fields and select the choicest heals (in advance of the harvesting), stripping by hand and keeping the grain separato. In this way the quality of the seed in any desired respect may be kept up to tho original standard of excellence, and even nmuch improved. It is probable that the. popular rust proof oats and other varieties of grain were discovered and perpetuated in this way. SWEET POTATOEs. This is the favored time for enlarging the area in sweet pototoes. The vines planted now will do as well, if not bet ter, than the slips from the old bed. But whether cut vines or slips be used, plantings in June or July will make cheaper and better keeping tubers than plantings mado during the months of April and May, because they grow oil at once and require much less cultivation. We used to take a pride in setting the earliest slips and the largest area early in the season, until we discovered that some of our neighbors who were not so smart made more and better potatoes by planting later. We consider the sweet potato crop as possessing great undeveloped possibili ties. It is about the cheapest hog food that can be produced in our climate and cortai.,ly one of the most healthful as well as convenient. An important secret in sweet potato planting is to have the ground well prepared beforehand and freshly plowed just before setting out the slips or vines. If not convenient to reverse the beds after a rain and just be fore planting, the patch should be plowed, or at least hoed, just as soon as practicable. Plants set in a sodden, compaet soil do not flourish and grow oil' as well as if set in a mellow, freshly plowed soil. In planting vines we have found it to pay to prepare the cuttings with some degree of care, dividing them into pieces containing from three to live leaves (ac cording to distance between leaves) and inserting two to three joints only in tho ground. There will be fewer potatoes in a hill, but they will be larger and smoother than when much more of the vine is inserted in the ground. FIELD PEAS. This is the best time for planting field peas, whether for seed or improving the land. No corn field should be without a row of peas between the rows of corn, or broadcasted over the field. The crop costs little more than the seed and is probably the best paying crop planted in the South in proportion to the in vestnent in seed and labor if some bunch variety is already growing in rows it is not a bad idea to sow again just ahead of the last plowing. For this pur poso the Conch pt a, or some other run ning kind, is best. It is often recom mended to sow peas after wheat and oats. It is good farming to do so when practicable. But it so often occurs that the ground is too dry and hard to per mit of plowing and getting the peas up that the plan cannot be relied on as a part of a regular system. Sometimes it can be done, often it cannot. If the grom d can be plowed the best way we have found to do it is to list two furrows together lapping the slices turned and leaving a narrow ridge to ho opened out with a shovel, followed by a pea-dropper, and the peas covered. Three furrows, after the peas arc well up, will usually sulhece for the cultivation. F'OlA(m cIIl's. lForage erop)s, like cat-tail millet, imillo maize, kallir corn and sorghum, may still be planted, but the land should be p)rop)ortionately b)otter as the planting is later. We have had no personal experi ence wvithi millo maize, but doubt if it is any hotter for green-soiling thanm the old stand-by cat-tail millet. For euring into hay for use by and by, tho German mil let and common corn araswer better, albeit the latter is very diflicult to cure p)erfectly. The German millet should be sown broadcast in well-broken land, and at the rato ot' one-half to one bushel of seed per acre and harrowed in. Sow the corin im drills three to four feet apiart at the rate of three bushels of seed per acre. 'lho ordinar.v pop-corn is said to be ex cellent for this purpose. TUnINIP. Land intended to 1)o sown in turnips, especially if rutabagas arc to be grown, should r(ecIvye attention .by repeated deep plo wings until the time for needing arnives. We are not strong ini our ad vocacy of tuii mps5 as a1 stock crop in the cottoni belt. Oar fall climate is general ly too dry for turnips, and nmless every other condition of success is faithfully conmpied n ith, the faihures will b)e often or thamn th huits; yet this vegetable is so dlesirablhe foi- the tiable, as well as for stoek, that a modericato area should Ise sown. If they faih, it is easy to devote the land to some fall crop, as rye, barley or wheat. We have long belioved that the p)redis posing causes of hog cholera are insulli eieit or unnatural food1 and want of p)lent.y of pure water. The disease is well known to b,e infectious, but it is known that even infectious diseases tuore readily attack where there are pro disposing eauses. The hog, in a state of nature, herbivoroius, stibsisting on roo,t, grass andl nuts, and ranging thme woods aind swvampjs unrestrained(. The nearer we can keep to niature ini the management of stock, supplementing natural supplies by the arts of culture, and. protecting against undue exposure to incloment weat her, the more healthy and vigorous the animals will be. Every farmer should providle an abundanco of green and succulenit food throughout the sring and summer, to be followed ini te fall and winter by nuts, tubers, grain and oil-cake. Green roasting ears, stalk ndall, sorghum, collards, clover, fallen fruit ad a any of the natural grasses of thefild frd a succession and variety that leave little to be desired during the grc.wig months; and sweet ptatoes, chufas, peanuts, field-pes rihks etc., answer the demandofhesan Sfurther on, and nrOpa.o tn okr o the smoke-house. Whaka list of food resources for man and be ast we have in the South! We ought not to import a pound of bacon or lard, beef or butter. If failuro or famine occurs in one Coun t the adjoining or not distant county 8110ou1 be our Egypt, instead of the far distant West. If failure occurs this year, try again. Not many give up cotton pliting because of even repeated suc cessive failures. The writer spent seven teen of the best years of his life on his farm, and during that time, in the ag gregate, his sales of surplus pork and bacon were greater than the amounts bought. The South raised her bacon during the war, and she can and ought to do it now. Not every farmer, per haps, is favorably situated for raising hogs; but there are others whose sur jlus should supply such as fail. This is hully as good a section for hog-raising as for corn-growing. If we parsist in the one, why not in the other? We can largely substitute oats and other grain; we accept no substitute for bacon and lard-the greater reason why we should p)roduce our own bacon which has been done very successfully by many progres sive Southern farmers. "I WANT 1 HAT MAN." Rosons for Thinking Albert Sydney John ston Was Killed by n 'rlvate. Chicago Inter-Ocean: As a general rule the most impartial personality that I ever got acquainted with is a bullet in battle. It is perfectly democratic and fair, recognizing neither rank, station, age nor quality. There are some exceptions to this rule, as, for instance, when a bullet is directly aimed at some con spicuous officer and fetches him. I think it was a special bullet that killed Albert Sydney Johnston, and the reason why I think so is this: In the Shiloh light Pugh's brigade, to which I belonged> was strung along the rail fence, having the cotton field and peach orchard between it and the Con federate line. Across tl}is field and orchard the enemy made three or four magnificent charges, and was terribly repulsed each bime. Captain Johnston, the son of the General, frankly acknowl edges those defeats in his account of the battle contained in the biography of his father. The repulses caused much de moralization in the ranks of the Confed erates, but after awhile we could see that their line was re-established in great shape. Then we saw the General riding down the front while the men cheered him with a great deal of enthusiasm. We all supposed that General lieaure gard was in command of the enemy, for General Johnston's name was not fa miliar to us and Beauregard's was. As lie passed along the line our boys said to each other: "That's Beauregard! That's Beaure gard!" Just at that moment a tall, gaunt fel low in a state of intense nervous excite ment, and carrying his gun at the "trail," tried to break through the line where I was, with the intention of climb ing over the fence toward the enemy. 1 challenged him sharply: "What do you want here? What regi ment (o you belong to?" ''Fifteenth Illinois." "Go back to your regiment; you have no business here. Go back!" ''Oh d )n't stop me," he said. "Let me go, I want that man on that horse." Before I could prevent him he had broken through and scaled the fence. I watched him zigzagging along fro: tree to tree until he reached the log house above the centre of the field. This brought him very near tJo enemy, and if he took a rest for his ;un on the win dow sill the man on horseback would certainly be in peril. I never saw that soldier again, but for twenty-five years I hlave held firmly to thle opinlion that he shot "that man 0on tile horse." It is evident from the accounts that General JTohnston was wounded several minutes before he fell, but did not think the matter serious, even if ho knew it at all, lie had beeln slowly bleeding toi death for some time, and whenl at last he fainted it wais too late to save hlim. A llwarf 1( (iJi, IIe in i url,e Professor Marapta has made a remark able anthlropological discovery in the vallev of !ibas, in the Eastern Pyrenees. jn that district ho found numerous group)s of p)ersons whio are named1 by the other inhab)itants "'Nanos" (thet dwarfs), and who never attained to a greater tall ness than four feet. Thley are well built in body, have exceedingly small Lands and feet, and are broad in thle hlips and shoulders. All have red hair. Their chleek-bones are p)rominecnt; their ehines are square and large. Theli eyes have the slant tendecncy of the Chinese. Tbic men are b)eardless, or they have at the miost only a few soft hairs on th10elhin. T[he face is full, and skinl pale nnd loose, it looks as if it hlad no muscles beneath it. Theo men~ and women are so like echcl othier thait their dress betrays their sex. Many oIf thleml have swollen necks, goitre-like, but this is possibly to be attributed to tile water. The Nanos aro consitanltly objects of the taunt and ridi cule of thio other inhabitants of the val ley. Tlhey live as a separate people, marrying only amoi 'gat thcimselves, so tha~t the race is p)reQrved uniique. 'lTeir intelligence is very low. Thley have no schloolinig, no mceans of bettering thiri existence, nto one cumIlbers himself ab)out them, and they lead a miserable exist n1ce. ''Many of thloso whoma I ques tioned," says Professor Marapta, "could nlot een tell me where they livedl. Theuy hlad no0 conception of arithmetic. 'They were amiable in their mianners, and seemed quite willing to learnl soline thintg." Storm Siginl. As thle comning oft a great stormi is hterabledl by the disp lay oif emiit iionary signals, s . lhe aplproacht of thatd dread ai fatal is casle, Contsumti~ton of thle Lun gs, usual ly annot(untcedl it ad vancie by pimleis, botes, erutpt i'ons, ulcers, glandhul11ar s wellIinfgs, andi kindred oiuward imaifeat Iionis o f the in ternal blood poaison, wich, k if tnt prompitlly expielledI fromit thI e system,i alttacks thle deli (ate t issues oif the l ungs, (ausinig tem to ulcerate atnd break dlown. lr. Il'iece's "Oolden MedIcal iscovery" is thle great retmedly for t his, as for aill diseases having their (riglit it bad blood. It ipoves the appetite andi( dIigest Ion, Iincreases nuitrition andl builds up [lhe wasted system. 'lThe yountg mian wh;lo s ood on hIs ownV i merIts became very muich fatIgued with thte p)erformiance. ON THE WAY hO ME. A Soliloquy by Farmer Stackpole. Go 'long, old mare. Let's soo: I've got the molasses, an' the thread, an' the plow-pint, an' Sal's shue that was mend ed, an' the paper. So Cleveland is really in the White House an' at work. The paper says he's puttin' in the Bourbons at a great rate. Somehow I don't liko that paper as I used to. It don't seem to toll the whole truth an' nothin' but the truth, as I used to suppose it did: I was in at neighbor Straight's an' picked up a paper called thv Voice that had a heap of news in ilthat I never found in my Republican )apers. I intend to hear both sides of these things after this. Well, I voted for Blaine, after all my leanin's to St. John. Fact, they sort of bull-dozed me wgen I got to the polls. There was Elder Grandy met me on the street. "1 do hope," says he, "that you won' cast half a vote for such a moral leor as Cleveland. The great issue in this campaign is moral purity, and overy Chririian man should vote f:r Bluine." An' then come the Squire. "I tell you," said he, "Cleveland is a man of no capacity whatever, no experience in pub lic aftliirs. he'll rust be the tool of the worst elements of his party. have you seen what the ministers of Chicago say about?" An' then he took the tobacco out of his mouth an' read somethin' like this: "Resolved, 'That for the sake of the South, for the sake of this country, for the sake of temperance and Prohibi tion, for the sake of the family and the reform against i,olygamy, the election of Jas. G. Blaine is the necessity of the hour." "Excuse me a minit," says he, and he started off to catch a saloon keeper who was coming along. lie talked with him for about live minits an' then handed him something in the Tri bune to read, and then come back to me. "Here's another," says he, "of these opinions of the clergy that every Chris tian man ought to read before votin' for such a d d fraud as St. John. Ex cusO me, deacon, 1 don't often swear, but the hypocracy of these fellers what is disgracin' the cause of temperance makes me mad." So he pulled out a paper an' read a strinF, of resolutions by tho clergy of New York. One of 'em was, ''not to cast a half-vote for the Democratic party with the semi-sanction of impurity and dissipation, nor a whole vote for a man whose name is now the conspicuous synon yI of incapacity and incontinency." Thou he began readin' Burchard's speech, but just as ho got to the last end of it the saloon-keeper come over where we was standin' and says, "'That is very satisfactory, and lie took a Republican ticket an' went oni to the polls. As soon as he was out of hearing the Squile went on with Burchard's speech, an' 1.l put a good emphasis on the "Rum, nomanism and Rebellion." These things had sort of staggered me when good old General Easy come along. Bless his gray beard! We all know he was a true man in Congress, and lie seems like every man's friend. ''Dea con," says he, "I'm very anxious about this election. There's the brass factory over at the river shut down, not to re sime unless 3laine is elecetd. And here is the hunker Democracy :ust reachin' after the spoils. If they get in where will we be? What will become of Civil Service Reform? And I. t1ll you if the Dlemocrats get in I shouhl not be stir prised if they repealed all the laws against polygamy, and just let Utah into the Union, Mormons and all." There was no doubt the good old man believed what he was sayin' "And as for tem perance," he went on, "you know I am a true temperance man. St. John couldn't help the cause if he was elected, and he can't possibly be elected, for the majority of true temperance men are against him. After election I will go over this county myself an' speak on temperance, and we will put up a first rate canididate for the State Legislature." Steady, old mare, over this niow road. Well, sir, my resolution just oozed out with all this talk. 1 forgot everything b)ut the incap)acity anid wickedness of Cleveland andl the D)emocrats, and the anxiety of good men for Blaine's elec lion, andi I b)rushied past young Straight wvho had the I'rohibition tickets, though I couldn't help admiring his grit, and grace, too, for I kiiew lie was doing his Christian dIuty--I brushed p)ast him and put in my ballot for Blaine. 1'm afraid that ballot was throwecd away. Cleveland's incahpacity ain't as conspicuous as I exp)eted it would be. Thle brass works acsumed about a week after ele'otioni-thiero's the smoke of 'em now. And as for the Mormions and thle fellers what was crowdin' out the Ju dians, they seem to ho skipping and clearing out more than ever before. i'mi afr-aid those good men what I followed was party-blind themelves. Not that .1 b)elieve inI the DJemocrats as a party'. Why, Neighibor Crook, who's been a D)emocrat always, bas comfo Out sin1ce election, aind says he can't stand hits party any longer, now lhe sees a better pla1ce to go to, and jined the P'roh i>i tionists. 'The D)emocrat- is bad, but inot so had as wvhiskey- Tlie liublicanms may better, b)ut they are not good enough to suit me. If they had done their dLuty this teimperance question would not be so big as it is to-day. Well, when I got home wife says, "'lurraha for St. John,"' an' I was kinder shlamed to tell her who I voted for, so .1 edged around anud told her what the meni on the street toll me. My stars! didn't her eyes begin to snap! She just fired uip and swep)t away their arguimnts like so many cobuwebs. "W~ho are the hiopo crites,'' says she, "'the honest men who vote for what they e(lieve to be right, or pl)Oiticialis, like o Squire, who say one fling to, the saloonists, and another to the temiperan ce imen, and get 'em both to vote the satme ticket?'' Whoa! I say. ,Jimi! .Jimi! Come and put out the mare. 'Thle Voice. "'But the railroads ini Mexico are re markale. I like the way Mexicans take life. I don't beliere we know how to live here or in Europe. We go so fast and vo work all the time. Now it took me a whole day to go about fifty miles." "By railroading?" "Yes, by railroads. We went very slow and took it easy, but we might have -arrived at ou,r destination a little earlier if the conductor hadn't had a lot of gamncoocks along and an engagement for 1cock-fight at eory station. It was in teresting, don't you know, but I (don't think I'll go to Mexico again for some time. TILE MiLE-A-MINUTE MYTIi. Fast T!ino Made by Itallway Trains in America and England. (Now York Mail and Express.) "It is intoreating to study railroad statistics," said a railroad director to a Mail and Express reportor. Ho con tinued in tho samo strain, "There are 290,000 miles of railroad in tho United States. In 1855 the railways of tho Unitoc States carried 312,786,611 pas sengers and 400,453,439 tons of freight. Each person was transported an average distanco of 23 miles; honco the entire movement on all the roads was equal to carrying 8,511,309,674 persons one mile. Massachusetts tikes the lead in passen ger tran portion, with 53,800,887; Penn s lvania next, then New York, illinois, \ew Jersey and Ohio. In freight ton nago Pennsylvania takes the lead with 105,507,916 tons, and Now York second. There are about 25 miles of double track, sidings, etc., 19 locomotives, 621 freight cars, 5 baggage and mail and 13 passon ger cars for every 100,000 miles of rail road in the United States. "Speed is hard to average. The 60 and 75 miles an hour train is generally a myth. An average of 48 3-10 miles per hour is the fastest time in the United States. This is made on the Pennsyl vania 'limited' in its run from Jersey City to Philadelphia, 90 miles, in less than two hours. The 'Flying 1)utch man' train is supposed to make the fastest time in the world, between Lon don and Bristol, 118l miles, in less than two hours. The average, though, even of this fast train is only 59. miles per hour. There are several other trains noted for remarkably fast time on short distances. Sometimes a straight and oven grade for a distance of 20 miles will permit a train to run at the rate of more than a mile a minute. One train on the Canadian Pacilic road, from Cotaneau to Ottawa, averages 50 miles an hour for a distance of 78 miles. On the Central road the late Mr. Vanderbilt traveled at the rate of 90 miles an hour. An avei - age of 30 miles an hour is considered fast traveling. Many of the limited, lightning expresses do not go at a faster rate. The value of railroads in the United States exceeds eight billions of dollars." The Chunrches in IIto United States. It is sometimes asserted that Chris tianity is losing its hold upon the masses in the United States. Statistics show that this is quite a mistake. Indeed, the opposite of the assertion is amply shown by the figures. The religious division of the census of 1880 has not yet been1 published, so that the public is deprived of the figures made up from autlorita tivo statements of representatives of the different branches of the Christian Church. But enough (ata are obtaina ble from other trustworthy sources to enable us to make a lair estimate. 'Thie result of such estimate is to show that the increase in churchel, ministers and communicants more than keeps pace with the increase in popuhittionl. A computation of the statistics of the churches of the United States made fosur years ago shows that at that time there were 115,610 churches, 81,717 ministers and 17,267,178 communicants, including 6,832,!154 loman Catholics. These lig rres did rot include Mlormnons or ,cw.. The year books of 1880 show that the same religious bodies now mibiel 'r 132, 135 churches, 91,911 ministers and 1!, 018,977 communicants, allowing the Catholic population to runber 7,000, 000, which would be a gain of but 107, 000 in four years. The net gain of four years is thus shown to be 15,235 churches, or at the rate of 10' per day; 1,618,799 communicants, or at the rate of 1,11 7 every day, and 10,194 ministers, or more than 2,500( a year. Unless these figuires can be shown to be untrustworthy, thle claim that the masses are falling away from the churches is cointradlictedl. It is interesting to note the relative strength of the various religious bodies which figure in these statisties. Thle 1Roman Catholics stand first, withI a membership of 7,000,000. The fourteenci different 31ethodist organizations comie next, with a total memubership of .1,532, - 658; the Baptists third, with :,727,4)20; Presbyterians fourth, with .1,082,-:1;0; Lutheranis fi fth, with 11:0,8316; Congre gationalists sixth, w;thi -1,379, and Ep)iscopalians seventh, with 430i,5:11. The entire Protestant Church mem beri ship is plaiced at 12,018,977. O f the gains of the last four years thie Method ists are to 1)0 credited with more thanm one-half the ministers and with one-third of the churches and miembershuip. Th'le growth of this body is enormous, it having arisen witin one hiudred years from a membership of 18,000 to 4,5:32, (;58 at thme close of last yeair. The churches of the United States, if classified according to fo rm of church government, would naturally fall undler three heads, J0puiscopajl, Congregational and( [Presbyterian. J a the first, whiich is the largest class, shoul be placed ( tthi olies, Ep~jiscopalians, 31uthorblst s and .\l ravians, their comi nied memberishilps aggregatinmg II, 787,773. The Conigrew' I tional polity includes haptists, Congre gationa lists, Adlvenmts, F riend(s andl1 somie minor divisions of the M\ethodists, withI an aggregate memblership) of 1,52, 112. Under the Presbyteriani 1(rm come the various P rosbyterian bodies, as well as the Lutherans and Mennonites, with a membership of 2,71 0,4;:2. There is cvery reasomn to expet that the growvth in church membership will increase rather than diaimiih. Th'le differeut church bodies are improving their methods both in extent and1( inl ellectiveness. Sunday-schools have of late years become niore umerous, and have become, too, better meanis oif pro motinig the growth of the Church. Nearly one thousand prieacherii (of Chris tianity are at work, and of late years t lhe standards of fitnless for the ministry have been very much raised. 'T, ( hiurch, clergy as well as laity, is better educated, and1( forI that reasonl is all [lhe b)etter littedc( to teach that morality without which Christianity cannot expect to colpc with its eimies or to lace~ its followers in such light before [lhe wvorld as that they may by their lives teach its all-important lessons. A It usbianm,l's (1reatest iiessiag Is a strong, healthy, vigoroui: wife, with a clear, handsome comnpl.zion. ['hose can all be acquired by usimg D)r. Ilarter's Iron Tonic. Sin has many tools, hut a lie is the haindle which fits [hem all. TIE OL) SOUTH. A ttl:A1'i1'c1. TLIlILTI: To HElI 1.1 i'IILATUIOE. huh- I-'orgotlt ni Wrtois W'ho Weoo re Giants ln TIe IhUy--Five lioy$ of the Old South in ColIeg WIer"t" Two (7o NoW--Too i Mtti of Ile I ollar-Miakhing ELmontt on (Frot tin' Iouisvillo (ourilr'-Journal.) t Within the past few years it has be Come the fashion among. literary critics to depreciate the literature produced in the South b)efore the war, and to point to ante-bellumi days as a period almost barrei of literary achievement. Indeed, c it has been with this fashion as with all fashions--it has been exaggerated and overdone. In our zeal to place the t laurel on the brow of the hero of to-day, c we have forgotten his predecessors, and we have whispered into his ear, "Thou art the first of thy race." c Now far be it from my intuntion to say aught against the fair name of the new generation of writers that has sprung up I in the South since the war. No South- I erner anywhere is prouder thai I am I of such names as Thompson and it Craddock and Harris. But now, if withi: the ancient Cloitus I dare say to the hero, '"Thy father, Philip, of Macedon, was also a great man," I hope 1 may not meet the fate of that. faithful, but too bold, censor. e In offering a criticism of anything t written in the South before the war, cne s is eonfronteu with an amount of preju- 11 (lice which is indeed remarkable. 'The -d average Southerner has formed his j o)lIoio of ante-helum literature not a from actual study of the literature itsel', ii but rather fron the biased criticisms of v Not ician writers, lie reads (1riswold, I and is told that. intlllns was a volminous s writer, lmtt entir. ly v, ithiut literary c merit, and that P'ou was a drunken and concteited fool. .From Stedman he learns . that Wait Wliitit is t1h ne plut ult ra of A nericau ponets, tntd that there was nir intellect l I achievement in the South t before the war, ftr "'homlinta slavery was t the ,:a'is of it: physicatl life.'' t ;xamuini teila library of the tolerably u vell rctl utlerner, tutl wnhat will you 1 tind? 'Thaerc will ba .lrvn it tnd Loin - fellow, and ;inerson uad Ila vtlorne, t and all tht rest of he N ortherti writers. But I. wc.ihi h' sti td if you lotud anvtlii ng iby loe, mal I tun sure you t wo'tld Ii n( nothing by Wtshingtnl AIIisLoni or J. (' . I'ilti itey, or" H teiry ''ilrod (' AIbert Ik'ie. '.:he It11sain and .t:e volumes of ('oor's tovels wI"ould be 'ons1.ieU)is, lt, ;tou would lok ia i n forll ", n a)lh>wt)\ .it'n" 11nd( "'I orse Shoi' Itobinson," andt "'Martin Faber an d ''Castle I) DisnI." Now, sitrely such indiliriece is not jist itietd by a lack of int iii isi nierit ini our litcerature, au,l the touil he rn peop)11e are doing t.ht"nselves 1nt i1)ju1stice when tle' alloy thnselves to 1o persuaded that thri :m tu)ytliiin in) thit' literary history to be aslliinotl oh. it I "'i;t) that sthu tla y 1n11 a+eroum ptlihed iriter, ,n!ui IL 'ThomitIpsoi.for a long l itum editor of it - ;uuthe1rn: itrary lessetigt- -t'iitrtd into an 1 agreeiiit v. illh ,ultii ;stne Cook to publishli an editi1011 of Ilie ''Poets itnld 2 Ioe try of the u)11th.' (hit the wari, that blighter (f hopo't, tatne on. "A wind caue olt of the eloud y night, t Chithing and killing " t andl n> the leaves, searicely Ibegim t b e I gattliered , wi cre scattered atgaint. lin, they werle then fresh lhaves of a inob le ad imo 1 passionedl p eople's~ iprinig t ime, and let t its for' a muomienit enlj( y thnir fniran ce. IDid-you ever read W\ashiington All- t ston's " Sylphts of tlii- Seasons'' andt "TI.he l'aunt lKing? Th'''Iey are wvild and I hettutiful. You wouild divi ne t hey wecre' written by lin atit, ' 'in if youl didi tnot kno1w tat AlIlstont w.as onei of the In great -t est of Atmeican pintters. lie is to us1t wlinit lDanite (ilbriel R osset.ti is to Eiig- ~ tand hlle is thle piainter'-loet. Iudeed,i the -oilI of C aroltina grew inany sweet and0 fragrant leaives. 'There were the' t lyicis of tIe two imrods, I lie iook- I 1hinder and htis ston. Wheni Washinlgton I Irvinig red Williton Tlimrtod's Ode ''To Tlime," lhe (elimied, '"Toim Moore lots written no Ilier lyric.'' ''Auhtumna il I )ay I in Carolina' tand ''Sois (of tlie Uioi," t wvritten durinlg the tillifiecntin' cnttro versy, and1( flIeury T]imlrod 's ' Vision otf 'J I 'oesy'' iuid "Rh~lapsody of ia Soulherteti Witer N ight" and "Summ'811 ier I ower'' all t have alamt thiem the scent of the foliage ~ of a Southerii n rst.IHeiiry Tiimrtod is s mnuchI admnired in tIhe North, taml Whit - i tier mtid St nddard have gon,ei so far as to f s'ay tha t In - Ii he retit 1)oet the 80outh t <> of ti i, I I' ita - , i - t it n ,i ' h u tie V If ' w Itn 11.1r 5 t .. thok if th e i e a n Lej um.k ''Ih 'in ot woui 10it. ' they w eony teo frwtom the of els v:)1iters. 'l ide Nchrh an iith Wldr, nahomr, freearhs andll p m r,i i'smlop ;r at tby anthin brtlti Cook3e; andp,rl mes lieauubon, the t i whove uni ornly tocention wsomhe jf ur: oillrl wriaect. Thrre w ichrd, Al norywihoe, whoese reatest on thenm alE ute n thentc he brter I' tavlal aaont uis; and Cehale:. Gar,the i toian Mandi Judgei i,i i hitteeth whoe wGoas onlynes"i was cithe eroner Cabl thid dialdliteratue whichii i1 so ud tesl wit 1( Norh"wI who wol call tem Pothel rates? slhimi awayfus a rndl' giive ahim It ere othe r ir..Even ater ThompIson hSuthrtr Pho was bonly half aI South, h lho woulisd call ?tym lNoitherwiters'? ly, and his sentients and temnperamen~t wore intonsely Southern.b .But Mr. TihIompIson says that "not one ri of Poe's poems was distinctly Sou$basn in its conception and coloring." Now Mr. Thompson is a great authority, but I beg leave to differ with him. I would , ask if a Northern writer has ever . luced anything "grotesque and bosque?" That awful and powEstul wierdness of Poe's writings was th* e onent of the misfortune and miiary of in intensely passionate Southern na . 'The Raven is a nightmare of a hot iummer's night. Have not all Southern mnd oriental writers this characteristl . [orgeousnoss? Is not Dante's "Inferno' haracterized by this same horrible ;randeur? Indeed your Puritan poets, vhile they could point the world to a ablo and prattle of slavery, were utterly scapable of moving the human soul tip ts very depths and riveting it in intense motion, as Poe was wont to do. Even tedman says that Hawthorne was n >ottor romancer than Poe. "The Fall f the House of Usher" is a grand mas orpicco, and will go to posterity on qlual footing with "The Legend of fleop IIollow" and "The Great Stone ace. ' As a poet Poe is unsurpassed by any f his countrymen. "Annabel Lee" is no of the purest gems of the English Luguage. With the Europeans, and specially with the French, "The taven" is the best known of American oms. And "Ulalume," and "The [aunted Palace" and "Israfel"-who has -ritten anything finer than these? They re not only poetry, but they are fine aintings and grand music. It was hard by the dim lake of Auber, In the misty mid region of Weir was down by the dank tarn of Auber, in the goul haunted woodland of Weir" What imagery! What music to the ir! Poe's feet wore winged, and they :>uld wander in that "land east of the in and west of the moon," in that order land of all the arts. It is true he id not write as much as Longfellow. [o did not have time. Longfellow dici L seventy-five. Poe at thirty-nine. The rk had just begun his morning flight 'lion the hunter brought him down. ut the clear, passionate notes of this )ngster wili float down many ages to Do1e. But why go farther? Did not the old outh have a literature? Did not her onerous soil grow literary genius as 'cli as every other kind of genius? For mu years the critics-Northern, and I lush to say Southern, too-have racked heir brains in the endeavor to formulate n hypothesis to explain what they are dleased to call the "dearth of Southern itorature before the war." In their iorts to find a cause for a result which loes not exist except in their own minds boy have vilified our fathers and pro lamed them an uneultured and unlet ered people. But I deny the charge in oto. Could a man be idle who directed he management of the broad thousands >f acres of a Southern plantation? Uoubd a man be idle and govern, protect ind provide for five hundred or a thou aItd slaves? Could a man without in lustry and executive ability bring agri mlture to such a state of perfection and nako mother earth yield so bountifully is before the war? I know the Southern )lantor did not do manual labor. No vealthy man does that to-day. And was the auto-bellum Southernor ineultulred? 1 declaro that the culture ,d refinement in the South before the var were such as the world has seldom eon. They were a noble, a chivalric, patriotic people. They were not only entle in mannors, but they were gentle t heart. And was the old South uncultured? Vhere five boys went to collega before Lie war, only two go now. 1ier educa onal institutions wore the finest in the mnd. There wore the universitiea of 'irginia, Mississip>i and North Caroli a. William M. ivarts sent his son to .ie uniiversity of Virginia, "because," id lhe, "it is the best in the land." Buat tio critics say the Southern boy (lid not ludy. Perhaps not, but the Northern oy at Hlarvard s<uczcd through at lif ty," while the Southern boy had to )o the mark at "seventy-five" at the niversity of Virginia. And, I dare say, lore wai. less dissipation at then Uiver ity o f Virginia before the wvar than there at Harvard to-day. Yes, I am proud of the old South. I mn proudl of her p)eop)le; 1 am p)roudl of er dleeds; I am proud of hor blood. hit I am gladl the war turned out as it tid; I am glad that Demnocracy tri mphod, and that all mcln are now equal 'efore the law; and I1 rejoice heartily at be material progress the South is now iaking. But listen to my prophecy: 'lo cionditioni of things in the South i-day does not sit well on the Southern .amplerameont. There is tee much of the ollar-mnaking. The Southerner is con arvaitive. But he is proudl and strong, ud( thimgs must yield to his will. The ihrie of ante-belium society is the one mat suits him the best, and it is the one hbici he will weave for himself again. Vithun the next next score of years the rokeni threads will be, taken up again uid woven into a fabric whose texture ill be liner and stronger than ever -be >re. It will be a free, a democratic ristocracy. And then-the South will o the grandest land on God's earth. .Jouis IIoumnus WATKINs2 Vanderbilt University. A disp)atchi from Baltimore says: F"or be first time probably in the history of be Society of F"riends in this country hie treasurer of a Quaker mooting has uirned defaulter. Edwvin Blackburn, the reasulrer of theoFriends' Lombard Street Icoting in this city for many years, has >OOn1 deposed from his responsible pos5i ion, a deficit of about $h,000) having menij discovered in his accounts. Mr. Blackburn was rocogn1izacd as one of the nost trustworthy men in the city. Ho . vas a leader mn the Lombard Street \loting and particularly interested in Ito Friends' mission wvork among the ndianns. lHe is over (0 years of ago and as a wife and two dlaughters. T1ho dis overy was madoe recently wvhen ho was alled uaponi for church funds and could ot deliver, lie then confessed that lhe ad ued the money with the intention, course, of making good the deficioney~ If bilious, or suffering from lipur~. ood, or weak lungs, and fear of .co Ilui on (scrofulous dilseasc of the lungs), ke IDr. Pierce,s '"Golden Medical Dilscoy -y," and it will euro you. By dlruggista. A y oung woman who had lost her speech y a severe cold, lhad twenty offers of mar. age mi (une week.