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a large class of readers, and its regular j weekly circulation is now larger than it has l>een at any period for sev- J eral years. Tiik Enquirer is printed in its own building, of which we present an engraving, and the printing department is amply equipped with material and ; machinery commensurate to meet any de- j mauds tnat might be made upon it. j With Campbell and Gordon job presses it i is fully prepared for that class of work, and with a new Campbell two revolution press, The Enquirer can be printed at a speed of sixteen hundred per hour. the enterprise is a hebdomadal, the first issue of which appeared on the 12th of December last. It is published under the auspices of the York Publishing Company, a joint stock organization composed of the following gentlemen : James F. Hart, Herndon Brothers, W. L. McDonald, Walter B. Moore, Dr. W. G. White, Dowry & Starr, May & " T " ' i ' :-J i T i.i -Hay, J. ItOOCn LdllUSH.V, l/r. *). r. umusay, A. Y. Cart wright & Co., George W. S. Hart, Withers Adickes, Latta Brothers, Hunter & Gates, John R. Ashe, J. H. Riddle, W. C. Latimer and Joseph W. Neal. The editor is W. L. McDonald. EDUCATION. ECONOMICAL AND EFFICIENT SCHOOL FACILITIES. The territory embraced within the - in corporate limits of Yorkville having been created a special school district by an Act of the last Legislature, arrangements are being perfected by which the town will be enabled to offer all the advantages to he derived from a first-class graded school system. An experienced principal and - a competent corps <\f teachers will be provided, and in the splendid building, an engraving of which is herewith presented, it is the intention of the citizens to maintain a school that would be a credit to any community. Tuition will be free to residents, and natrons of the school living; outside of the district will he enabled to avail themselves of its advantages at a minimum expense. The executive affairs of the institution are under the direction of a board of trustees consisting of the following prominent business men: Joseph F. Wallace, Lewis M. Grist, Frank Happerfteld, C. E. Spencer, 1). E. Finley, J. Ernest Liowry and John A. Darwin. THE KING'S MOUNTAIN MI LIT Alt Y SCHOOL BUILDING, up to within a half dozen years ago the home of a celebrated military institute, drawing its patronage from different sections of the South, but now vacant, presents an inviting opportunity to the educator who wishes to build up a large school with comparatively little effort. The main building, a perfect model of college architecture, is constructed of brick, three stories high and contains twenty-six rooms. On the first floor are four large recitation rooms and four smaller apartments intended for various convenient purposes. On the second and third floors are eighteen comfortable rooms fitted up with tire-places, a perfect system of sewerage, ventilation, and other conveniences for the accommodation of boarders. Attached to either end of the main building are two story, eight room wings, intended for the residence of the principals and teachers of a school. The building and grounds originally cost $20,(MX), and are the property of Coh^^Coward of this place. CHURCHES. PROGRESS AND CONDITION OF THE DENOMINATION AL ORG,\N IZ A TIONS. From the earliest history of the town of Yorkville, the church influence has probably been the strongest that has been exercised in the community. Though in the straitened circumstances brought about by the result of the war, business suffered and industrial enterprises were checked, it cannot be charged that the people of Yorkville have ever proved recreant in their duty to their churches. In all things pertaining to church work their zeal can be overshadowed by no community, in niiv section, whatever may lie., the standard of comparison. There are at present five church edifices in Yorkville, and the most reasonable prospects of the early addition of two more. The congregations are presided over by four resident ministers. THE M. E. CHURCH. The Methodist Episcopal Church, now theM. E. Church South, of Yorkville, was organized in 1824 by Revs. William Gassaway and Joseph Holmes with eight members, as follows: Col. Thomas W. Williams, I)r. John E. Jennings, John Chambers and wife, Mrs. Sarah Beatty, Mrs. Donaldson, and James Jefferys and his wife. Mrs. Elizabeth H. Jefferys, who is still living, she having been a member of the church for sixty-four years. The church edifice was erected in 182<> and was the first house of worship built in Yorkville. It stood at the intersection of College and Jefferson streets, and was torn down only about fifteen years ago. Up to the vear 1KT)2 this and two other ??,i uiuiivii x mi m\ VUV.UH) ? ?? were served by the same pastor. In that year, the membership of the church having grown to about eighty, Yorkvilie. became a separate station and so continued until its affairs were interrupted by the results of the war. From the close of the war up to 188o this church was served in connection with Philadelphia church and King's Mountain chapel, but for the past three years has received the whole time of the pastor in charge, Rev. \V. W. Daniel, and is now in a most flourishing condition. At present the membership of the church numbers 130. The congregation has recently purchased a desirable lot on East Lilnjrty street, and will soon erect a handsome brick church thereon. The Sunday-school, kept up under the auspices of this church, enjoys the distinction of being the first ana oldest organization of the kind in the State outside of Columbia and Charleston. It was organ* ized March 8,1829, by James Jefferys, Esq., B who for a long term of years was its efti dent superintendent. Mrs. Eliza Foulkes |B and Mrs. Sarah Beatty were the first teachers. Up to 1842 this was the only Sunday-school organization in the town. ^B and its exercises were participated in by all of the other denominations, Itcontin^^B ues to flourish and is an important auxilHB iary to the work of <the church. YORKViyjyUC-ESBYTERIAX CHURCH.. , Tire rresbyterian cliutdi uf was organized on the 10th of June, 1842, W . by a committee of Bethel Presbytery, con* sisting of Revs. Ferdinand Jacobs and S. L. Watson, with a membership of only fifteen, out of which number the following officers were elected: J. S. Moore, F. H. Siraril, E. A. Crenshaw, and \Y. P. McFadden, elders; and 1. D. Witherspoon, S. R. Moore, and Jno. H. Adams, deacons. These men were all earnest workers, and from them the church has received an impetus that has never been lost* Though during the intervening time the membership had grown considerably by natural increase,, in 1804 it received a most desirable re-inforceraent through the annexation of the Independent Presbyterian church of Yorkville, founded by Rev. Wm. C. Davis. In 1800-01, the congregation erected the splendid church edifice in which it now worships* at a cost of nearly i fourteen thousand dollars. This building is constructed of brick and stone; is ninety feet long, fifty-six feet wide, and is surmounted by a spire 12(> feet high. The whole structure presents a most beautiful architectural appearance, and is one of the ! finest church buildings m the upper part of the State. Including galleries, its seat-1 ing capacity is about seven hundred. Since the organization of the church, the ( congregation has been presided over by j the following nine ministers: Rev. K. Jacobs, April, 1842, to December, 1S4"?; : Rev. P. K. Bishop, 1846 to lKAO; Rev..!. M. ! II. Adams, ISol to 1862 (died); Rev. M. 1). , Wood, 1862 to 1866; Rev. Henry R. Dick- ! son, IKo" to 187-"); W. S. PIumer, D. I)., October, 1 S7"?, to December, 1K7.">; L. II.1 Wilson, January, 1876, to September, |87!>; j Rev. J. 1/. Wilson, October, 187!>, to March, 1KK0. The present pastor, Rev. T. R. j English, iH'gan his labors with the congregation in March, 1880, and in hq period (luring the history of the church has its affairs, spiritual and otherwise, been in a j more prosperous condition than during \ the past nine years. The church roll now contains the names of 11)8 members, and the regular routine services consist of two sermons on Sundays, weekly prayermeetings and monthly missionary meetings. The church maintains a large and prosperous Sunday-school. The spiritual and executive affairs of the congregation are in charge of the following officers: Pastor, Rev. T. R. English; Klders, ,J. It. Schorb, S. It. Moore, J. F. Lindsay, J. F. Hart, G. II. O'Learv, .J. M. Rawlinson, J. A. Watson, (J. L. McXeel; Deacons, ('. K. Spencer, J. A. Itatchford, J. F. Wallace, J. J. Hunter, W. Adickes, T. B. MeClain. CIiriM H OF THE ?OOT> SHEPHERD. The organization of the Episcopal congregation in Yorkville was effected in 1*852 by Itev. J. I). McCul lough, who came here for that purpose and baptized thirteen persons, adults and children. Mr. McCullough ' % A A .!_ _i. 1.^1. immediately set auout unking ni?u? muring to the erection of a church edifice, and as the. result of his efforts, with the help of liberal subscriptions from the citizens of Yorkville and citizens of Charleston, the handsome brick church used by the congregation was completed in 185f> at a cost of $->,000. The church was consecrated on November 18 of the same year by lit. Rev. T. F. Davis, I). 1)., the Bishop of the Diocese. In i8.*i2 the Rev. llenrv El well was appointed missionary by the "Advancement Society" of the Diocese, and continued his work in this place until his death in lKA'l. He was succeeded by Rev. J. D. Gibson, of Ireland, during whose rectorship, in 1 S.">(?, the church wasadmitted in union with the Diocese as the^'Church of the Good Shepherd." From 18o7 to 1881 the congregation was served by Rev. A. F. Olmstead. Rev. James Stoney, M. 1)., was the next rector, and served during the warv during which time the church was greatly strengthened by a large refugee element from the low country. Dr. Stomjy was succeeded by the Rev. Julius Sanw, now pastor of a church in Baltimore. Rev. Roberts P. Johnson was the next rector, and served from November, 1888, untii hisdeath in 1882, when he was succeeded by Rev. Augustus Prentice. Mr. Prentice served one year, and accepted a call to the Northwest. Rev. E. N. Joyner was next rector from March, 1884, to October, 1887, with the exception of an intermission of little more than a year, during which the congregation was served by Rev. G. A. Ottman. After the resignation of Mr. Joyner, the rectorship of the parish was accepted by Rev. Theo. D. Bratton, who, after serving until October, 1888, accepted a call from the church at Spartanburg, where lie is now located. Although the rectorship is still vacant^ an efficient Sunday-school is maintained and other church work actively carried on. There are twenty-two families and forty-five communicants connected with the church. YORK VILLK A. R. P. CHURCH. Though from an early period in the history of the town, there were quite a number of individuals connected with the Associate Reformed church living in this place, they made no effort to organize themselves into a church until the year 1853. In that year the first Presbytery of the Associate Reformed Synod was petitioned to take-steps in the matter, and in the autumn of the same year an organization was effected. The Rev. 8. C. Millen, I). I)., was installed pastor over the united congregations of Tirzah and Yorkville, and continued his ministry until 1857, when he resigned. For two years the congregations remained vacant, Upon their call, however, in the spring of 1859, Rev. Robert Lathan,' I). 1)., assumed the pastoral charge, aiid served most acceptably until the fall of 1884, when Dr. Lathan was elected to a chair in Erskine Theological Serftinarv by the Associate Reformed Synod. He resigned the charge of Yorkville and Tirzah congregations on November 28, 1884, and was succeeded on October 18, of the following year, by Rev. J. C. Galloway, the present pastor. The church was organized with fourteen members, as follows: Major John G. Enloe and wife, Colonel William Wright and wife, Colonel William C. Beatty and wife, Prof. Matthew Elder and wife, l)r. A. I. Barron and wife, Miss Fannie Barron, Mrs. Amanda Henri don, Mrs. Sarah Williams and Mrs. Elizal>efh"Curry'""Yifie church roll now numbers forty-three members, and is steadily growing in strength. The church edifice in which the congregation worships is a neat frame structure with a seating capacity of about four hundred. It was erected an^ formally dedicated in the spring of 18o5, The ? " e xi . i i. _ following are xne omcers 01 me cnurcu : Elders?W. M. Kennedy, W. W. Jenkins, L. M. Grist. Deacons?S. A. McElwee, John F. Gates, \V. T. Barron, W. D. Grist, J. A. Shillinglaw. YORKVIIiLE BAPTIST CHURCH. For a few months in the early part of the year 1866, Rev. Tillman R. Gaines edited and had printed in the office of the YokkvilTjE Enquirer a monthly publication with the title of "The Baptist Church and Sunday-School Messenger." At that time there were a few Baptists living in Yorkville, and they concluded that as there was a Baptist minister, residing in the place, it would be advisable to organize themselves into a church. Mr. Gaines called a Presbytery, and on the second Sunday in May, 1866, the church was constituted with sixteen members. After the adoption of a constitution and articles of faith, Rev. T. R. Gaines was unanimously elected pastor, and Messrs. Samuel McC'ants, J. 1\ Lindsay and J. S. Lindsay, deacons. During the ministration of Mr. Gaines the member-i ship was greatly increased, and the house of worship now used by the congregation was erected. In January, 1870, the pastor resigned, and the Rev. J. C. Burge was chosen as his successor. At the end of this year Mr. Burge tendered his resignation. The next pastor, Rev. W. A. Gaines, entered on his duties in February, 1871, and served the church for two years. On the first Sunday in January, 1878, Rev. T. J. Taylor accepted the pastoral care of the church and retained the position until December, 187"). For some years after this the congregation was without regular supply, and public services were held only occasionally. During a part of the year 1870, Rev. J. H. Booth preached once^eaflft month; and in 1882 a siniilar^*v<iCe was rendered by Rev. \V. L^J^rTnvn. As then was no resident pasJ^Tc>r some years, tin interest had decjj>??^u until 1883, when then remained onl> nine members. The Baptisi State Minion Board, perceiving the situa tion, sent Rev. J. E. Covington, in May v<?83, to re-organize the church and preact twice each month. This was the beginning of brighter days. During the three years o his pastorate, the membership was increas ed to more than 6">. Rev. F. C. Hicksoi: \T,. Cix-inirftui in .Tmumrv- 1887 suuuruuvi >ui* VAMIIT ? -v.v. and served the church acceptably for oik year. The present pastor, Rev. Robert G Patrick, began his labors on the seconc Sunday in June, 188K. There are now s; members on the roll, and the prospect foi growth is encouraging. A handsonu building site has just been purchased, upoi which it is proposed at an early day t< erect a neat brick building. MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS OF MORK OR LESS MOMENT IN THE AFFAIRS OF THE TOWN. Yorkville has nine public buildings ranging in cost from two to twenty thousand dollars, and in addition to the specimens of architecture represented in the accompanying engravings, shows up an array of handsome residences and costly business houses that fully cover every claim to superiority in this respect. Resides two other assembly halls with a seating capacity of from two to fivi hundred each, the town is possessed of a neat and commodious opera house, capable of comfortably seating four hundred persons. It is fitted up in first class sty*le, with costly scenery and necessary stage settings. It is due to the enterprise ol Messrs. Hunter & Gates, and occupies the second floor of their store building, an engraving of which is herewith presented. There is not a vacant dwelling house for rent in Yorkville. *A number of residences are in course of erection, and the demand for homes in the town, is such as to abundantly justify their erection as a paying investment. Yorkville's business ability and progressive spirit has recently been concentrated ' into a Hoard of Trade, which is now in shape to take cognizance of all propositions j looking to the promotion of the business ' interests of the town. The officers of the i organization are as follows: 31. Strauss, j president; I)r. .Jno. ('. Kuykendal, vicepresident; Jno. 31. Hope, secretary and {treasurer; J. J. Hunter, (r. 11. O'Leary, I 31. ('. Willis, J. If. Riddle, W. H. Hemdon, John K. Ashe, T. S. Jeflerys, execuJ tive committee; W. L. 31ol)onald, attor1 ney. | The learned professions are represented in York viHe by talent and ability the superior of which is seldom found outside of large cities. Two resident photographers, both of ! whom are first-class artists, supply the ! luxuries of the art.preservative of nature, j to the town and surrounding country. 1 A good fire engine and hook and ladder ! truck in the hands of an organization of i citizens, constitute the town's protection j against fire. There are three livery stables in Yorkville, all of which are well equipped with horses, vehicles and drivers, and place first-class accommodations within the most economical reach of the public. Postal facilities consist of four mails i per day. Telegraph and telephone communications are all that could be desired, ! and express and freight tariffs are as low as those enjoyed by any other town in this section of the State. An important feature of the trade of Yorkville is her cattle business. For the ipast twelve 'years the shipments have amounted to from fifteen hundred to twenty-five hundred head per annum. The most extensive dealers at this place are Messrs. McElwee & Hood. DIRECTORY. THK I'KOI'IjK WHO DO HUSINK8S IX YOKKVU/LK AXI) WHAT THKY DO. County ()fficers?Clerk of the Court, AY. Brown Wylie; Sheriff, E. N. Crawford; Judge of Probate, \V. H. McCorkle; Treasurer IT A 1). "VppIv: Auditor. W. H. Williams; Coroner,S.L. Pursiey; County Commissioners, T. G. Gulp, Wm. Ross, R. W. Whitesides; School Commissioner, L. A. Johnson. Town Officers?J. J. Hunter, intendant; J. E. Jefferys, W. B. Moore, G. W. S. Hart, R. B. Lowry, wardens; 11. E. O'Farrell, marshal. Ministers?Presbyterian, T. R. English; Methodist, W. W. Daniel; Baptist, R. G. Patrick, F. C. Hickson; Associate Reformed Presbyterian, J. C. Galloway. Physicians?Bratton <1* Bratton, J. F. Lindsay, George Walker, W. (t. White, D. C. Atkinson. Dentists?A. Y. Cartwright, M. W. White. Lawyers?C. E. Spencer, Wilson & Wilson, w. B. McCaw, Hart & Hart, Finley & Brice, J. B. Bell. Jewelers?G. M. Lowrance, H. Wittkowsky, H. Ford, H. F. Adickes. Machinists?E. Thomas, Q. J. Hoke, J. Blud worth. Photographers?J. R. Schorl), T. B. McClain. Printers and Publishers?L. M. Grist, York Publishing Co. Grocers?W. W. Jenkins, J. H? Riddle, J. C. Kenneday, Herndon, P"os., J. W. Dobson, W. B. Moore <fc Co., V. Adickes, R. A. Parish. Latta Bros., Alonzo Rose, F. Happerfield, W. C. Latimer, Jno. R. Ashe, R. B. Lowry, T. B. McClain, J. W. P. Hope A* Co., T. W. Clawson, Jr., Agt., C. G. feirish. Dry Goods and Notions?W. C. Latimer, Hunter & Gates, M. & H. C. Strauss, H. F. Adickes, Mrs. T. M. Dobson, Kennedy Bros. A Barron, A. Y. Cartwright & Co., C. G. Parish. Millinery?Mrs. T. M. Dobson, H. F. Adickes, Mrs. N. H. Smith, W. C. Latimer. Livery and Feed Stables?J. W. Dobson, R. A. Parish, F. E. Smith. Druggists?J. C. Kuykendal, Lowry & --SttttrT-May & MayT ftAV-MkmsoH-. Stoves?Hardware?G. H. O'Leary, G. T Kr?lmrh. W. Adickes. .T. W. Dobson. Mantua-Makers?Mrs. M. A. Snider, Mrs. M. S. A. Bludworth, Mrs. G. M. Lowrance, Miss Kate Russell, Mrs. Nancy Smith, Miss Betsy Quinn, Miss Jennie Cody, W. C. Latimer. Furniture Dealers?G. H. O'Leary, J. E. Jefferys. Marble Cutting?F. IJapperfield. Saddles?Harness?(f. H. O'Leary, M. C. Willis. . Shoe Makers?James F. Hyndman, J. H. Beatty, John N. Wallace. Buggies?Wagons?M. C. Willis, F. K. Smith, R. A. Parish, J. J. Garvin. Bakers?Herndon Brothers, Geo. Berry. Meat Markets?S. A. McEhvee, A. Rose. Undertakers?J. E. Jefferys, W. B. i Moore & Co. Barbers?Thos. Ballard, C. M. Church. Hotels?C. G. Parish, 1\ W. Clawson. Boarding Houses?Mrs. W. C. Owen, Mrs. C. J. Robertson, A. S. Withers, II. W. Smith, Mrs. Mary Mason. Cattle and Stock Dealers?McEhvee A Hood, J. A. Darwin, R. A. Parish, W. 1). Glenn. Cotton Buyers?J. II. Riddle, Latta i Bros., J. R. Ashe, J. W. P. HopeA Co. ^^surrounding country. ;ftonti(u*ol'8 territory in a mpst prosperous condition. The inquirer into the prospective future of Yorkville's mercantile, industrial and | manufacturing pursuits, needs continue hi's ' investigations no further than the condition of her contiguous territory. Here he will find an agricultural population whose progress and achievements in the past is all that could be expected of energy, intelligence and perseverov.ee; a population which by thrift, economy and hard work " has firmly established itself at home, and ' a populatkm^fTjiich recognizes theadvantage^.^ its own country to be inferior to iu>^other. In the territory from which u Yorkville derives her support, are a larger ' number of independent, influential, well* to-do farmers than can probably be found ] in any other section of the State of equal area. The ten-per-cent.-five-year mortr gage companies have never found this a lucrative field, and the incumbrances on the property therein are conspicuously ' few. With the same stubborn energy and ' persistence by which these dangers*ha\c [. been avoided, the productiveness of worn out lands has been increased far beyond their limit when in virgin purity,' and 1 each year finds their capacity greater than I the proceeding one. Since the war, the * product of nearly every variety of field : crop has boon almost trebled in quantity. : i Lands have increased in value from five to ' eight dollars per acre, to fifteen to thirty dollars. The whole country raises nearly everything needed for home consumption, ' I and the demand for foreign produce is por} ceptibly decreasing. The climate and soil are not only conducive to, but the farmers are beginning to raise a great diversity of crops with the most profitable returns. | While cotton continues to be raised as the 1 principal money crop, it no longer monopolizes the attention of the more advanced i I farmers. Corn, wheat, oats, sorghum, clo j vor and the grasses are receiving the eon | sideration their importance demands, and j in no feature is the agricultural progress i of this section lagging behind the facilities ' j at the command of the energy and intol' ' ligenee engaged in it. The time has been, ! and not very far back, when one bale of | cotton to throe acres of land was considered j as doing fairly well. The present day has ' j not only seen this yield more than doubled, i but is beginning to fully realize the al j most indefinite possibilities that are still I, to bo attained. *; Cotton.?Cotton has a history dating > back thousands of years. Herodotus, fsf years before the birth of Christ, says the ancient inhabitants of India wore garments made of cotton. The muslins of India have long been celebrated for their wonderful tuttintv it ml ovtrome fineness of texture. In the first voyage *?f the Spaniards to this country, tlicy found the Mexicans and Peruvians cultivating cotton and using1 it ' largely for the manufacture of clothing. Cortez sent as presents to Charles V. manI ties, and goods of all colors made of cotton ! hy the Mexicans. | ?he jjfowg ?fUcr. j JIM HAWTHORN. A True Sketch of a Plucky Boy Who Was in Earnest. Pretty cool way to speak to a fellow," soliloquized Jim Hawthorn, pausing a | moment as he was entering the l>ig iron j works, to glance at the figure receding ' up the street. "Guess it's all right, though," lie con; tinued. "Etiquette only permits of flannel shirts for special social occasions, and ; this isn't one of them." The whirl of wheels in the machine shop soon drowned the tune he had started to whistle, hut he kept up the motions all the same. The errand he had been J sent on had been satisfactorily attended to and he took ui> his work again as quickly as possible. Light hearted and goodnatured, he entered into every task with enthusiasm, as though working for a purpose instead of from necessity. "My, what a nice supper, mother," said i Jim, as he sat down that evening in the j cozy dining room. "I always try to have things nice for you, : James," lovingly replied Mrs. Hawthorn, "but sometimes I felt disappointed when you did not seem to appreciate my efforts." "Well, working gives a fellow an appetite. Often when I have been out yachting,I thought I was hungry, hut somehow it was altogether different from the feeling I have now when I get home in the evening and get dressed up. I feel , like a ipnn thatiha^ earned his supper^ By the way, speaking of yachting, reminds me of an occurrence tliis morning. The foreman sent me out in a hurry, and just as ; I was coming hack I met Fannie Stone, I and she looked as though she did not know me in the same flannel shirt that I have worn so often when playing tennis, or out boating with her." "You will have to learn that circumstances make a difference," smiled his mother. "Of course I don't blame her, for society is very exacting. Etiquette draws a line just as distinct as the chalk mark of the tennis court. But as I am neither a martyr nor a reformer, I'll proceed to satisfy -? X J 11 2 d f IV?l a lnnrfOV my ajjueme, nuiu .miu, uunuic luugu <.-v< resist the tempting supper. "I met Mr. Morgan on the street this morning," said Mrs. Hawthorn, "and he complimented you on the interest you are taking in your work. He said, though, lie was very much surprised when you applied to him, for he thought that a hoy who graduated at the head of his class would want to enter one of the learned professions." "But I do intend making my work a learned profession, at least for me," Jim spoke up, earnestly. Jim's enthusiasm did not die out as soon as the novelty of his work had worn off. In fact he didn't allow the novelty to wear off, for he made it a point to learn something new every day. He not only won the favor of his' employers, but also the esteem of all the workmen, for no matter where he was placed he was courteous and kind to his associates, without however, being familiar. "There goes the whistle," said the foreman of the machine shop, and before the noise had stopped tools were dropped and many of the workmen threw their coats over their shoulders and rushed out without even waiting to wash the dirt from their hands. "I was in hopes we could finish this Eiece of work, for it is holding other work ack." "I will willingly stay and help you," cheerfully spoke up Jim. "We can soon get it through." "Well, Jim, I always count you as worth half a dozen boys, so with your six and my one, the seven of us ought to get it done," smiled the foreman. It took them a little longer than they had expected, but Jim considered himself well repaid for the extra exertion in the knowledge l?e bad- -gatued-'on several -subjwU. . Just as they were locking up, Tom Allen, the head engineer, came running over to the shop and called out to the foreman : "Lend me your key, Charlie; as we shut down for holiday to-morrow I'm going to take the big engine apart and I may want some wrenches or tools out of the shop." "Oh, can I come down and help you ?" asked Jim. "You'd better take all the holidays you can tret, for we don't have many, 'cept when there's a breakdown, what ain't likely. if lean help it." "But I want to learn something about engines," persisted Jim. "\\ ell if you've nothing on hands come around and I'll make useofyou." "Whereyou goin'?" called a couple of the men who were passing the deserted works next morning. "J am going to help Tom Allen overhaul the big engine. I hope you'll have a pleasant day," replied Jim in a good-natured-way. "Oh, on a little make, eh ?" queried one. "Orter gettime and a half for overwork," suggested the other. "No, I don't expect to get any pay except the experience," Jim answered. "Well you're a dunce; do it wunst an' they'll always expect it," continued one of the men, at which Jira merely smiled and passed on. "You ca'iVt help likin' tout fellow, can you," SKald one of the men to bis companion 9(s they walked away. "'You'd think he was proud, but he'd do i any one a turn quicker than any fellcw .in^ the works," was the answer. "He has a polite way of saying things, but he always , means exactly what he says and never takes it back." "Oh, I expected to see you come down all dressed up, convenient like to knock off any time you got tired," was Tom's surprised expression at seeing Jim in his work clothes. "No, I'll do a full day's work on condition that you'll tell me the name of every. thing and exactly what, is its use," goodnaturedly spoke Jim as he rolled up his sleeves. "Can't you start that nut? asked Tom ; after they had been working some time. "Yes. But see here, aren't that bolt and nut made of the same metal ?" "Why, of "ourse." "Then if a bolt of that size is strong I enough this nut-is out of all proportion, for there is no strain on it. What's the use of making the engine carry unnecessary weight?" "Look a hear, Jim Hawthorn, that's aliout the ten thousandth question you've asked, and if it hadn't been for my promise, ami that you're such a knowing kind of fellow, I'd 'a thrown you out of the window I i ~ wifVi (i 1?nior}v lUllg gu, BUIU X Win, IMUl .. It was late in the evening when they got the engine all together again, and, as j they departed, Jim said, cordially: "Good night, Tom; I thank you very I much for your kindness." "Well, if that boy don't get along it's queer," mused Tom as he went home. "Book learnin' does help a fellow if he 1 doesn't get an idea that he knows too much 1 to work." | One day while Mr. Morgan was making I one of his customary tours of inspection 1 he overheard one of 'the men say: "Well, Hawthorn, if you ain't a regular I greeny to spend your own money for tools. ; If the works can't get me what i want, ; I'll do 'thout. If they want nuts rounded j oft' with wrenches what won't fit, I don't I care. The day passes as quickly one way [ as 'nother." Jim went on with his work without re! plying. i "We are in a fix," said the superinteiulI ent, walking into Mr. Morgan's office sev| eral months later; "the big engine has got ! something the matter with it and there isn't an engineer about the works that can run it. We have had it all apart and can't 1 find anything wrong." "That is very strange," said Mr. Morgan, "and it is out of the question to get poor Tom Allen out of a sick bed. By the way who run it that time while he had his hand hurt?" "lie run it himself; that is, he was there all the time and told Jim Hawthorn just what to do." "Well, can't James start it off?" "I haven't asked him." said the superin-j tendent hesitatingly. "I'd hardly expect I * ' ; ail apprentice to know more than a regular j engineer." i "Come along," said Mr. Morgan, taking | up his hat and hurrying over to the ma- j chine shop. i "I can either start it or tell what is the j j matter," answered Jim in reply to inquir- j ies ; "for 1 have made drawings of every | ! part of thai engine merely for practice." 1 Mr. Morgan watched him closely as he | i unlocked the door ofa closet over his workbench and exhibited the neatest-looking kit of tools he had ever seen. Jim quickly . selected several and started for the engine room with the two men. While the superi intendent was explaining to Mr. Morgan i the trouble he had experienced, Jim went around the big machine tightening some i holt or loosening another. He soon found j the cause of the trouble and fixed it with i out saying a worn, ^vnn men u|* I to the throttle valve he opened it slowly I and the ponderous balance-wheel began ; r<> move. j "James, just take charge until Allen conies hack," said Mr. Morgan as he walki ed back to his office. "You see, mother, I could never have done it in work hours," said Jim, explaining his triumph at the supper table; "it was only bv studying up at night and making those drawings. Didn't I tell you I'd | make my work a learned profession?" "Still, I think they might show their apj preeiation by giving you more salary," Sirs. Hawthorn could not help saying, for she had, without her son's knowledge, made many sacrifices in order to enable him to buy tools and appliances. "Never mind, mother, it will all come in time.! I'll command my own price, see if I don't," and the way he said it expressed confidence. -Soiug-iiieeks later. tluuuanager said to Mr. Morgan: "The last shipment of that bridge for South America has gone forward and Mr. Evans insists on taking Jim Hawthorn with him to assist in putting it up. Now that Allen is hack we can spare him, hut I wanted Mr. Evans to take Frank Morris, as he has had more experience in that line. But he tells me that Hawthorn has been studying civil engineering and he believes he could master the work alone." There was a new subject for discussion at the supper table that evening. "I am very glad you have the opportunity of taking such a trip, hut I shall miss you for such a long time," said Mrs. Hawthorn. "But just think of the advantages I shall gain if I make good use of my opportunities," replied Jim with delight. The weeks passed very slowly for Mrs. ?- t-.-A 1 r..n ..e nawTiiorn, uui uiBy sremt-u iuu ui uucicoi to Jim. He never realized before that the world was so big. He was glad though to get home. The evening he arrived Mr. Morgan came around to see him. "J want you to come and see my workshop," he said to his employer, showing him up to the large room which served for sleeping and study. There was an oldfashioned fireplace with a wood fire on andirons in one corner, and near it a table and bookshelves, with drawings, instruments and models sticking around here and there, while over in another corner was his bed. "This L-shaped room looks as though it was designed for just such a purpose," said Mr. Morgan ; "but, James, take my advice. This kind of thing will do for a while, but it don't pay in the long run to take your work to bed with you." "Oh, here's something I want to show you," broke in Jim quickly to change the subject, and spread out a large roll of drawings. "You know that ravine and creek in the lower part of the town. Well, I practiced civil engineering and bridge building on that. I made surveys and have worked night after night planning at least a dozen kinds of bridges." "The very thing," exclaimed Mr. Morgan, patting him on the shoulder; "why, while you were away the town authorities decided to erect a bridge there and we have been asked to get out the plans. Bring those down to the office to-morrow." The next morning Jim started off as usual in his flannel shirt and work clothes with the big roll of drafting paper under his arm. He left the drawings in Mr. Mor'gaiTsotfic^ "a"nahnr?nu hift ntrt-ptoce -tn thr machine shop before any of the other hands got there. "Glad to see you all again," he greeted the men as they came in. "Didn't expect to see him back here again," whispered one man to another. "No; I thought he'd be kinder stuck up with bein' in a fore'n country and think he ought to be promoted was the answer. "Bay," said another, "wouldn't he be a good boss instead of that crusty old superintendent who can't speak to anybody civil like?" "Who left these here ?" said Mr. Morgan, as he picked up the drawings. "I (lun know. They were here when I come," said the office boy. "Run over to the machine shop and see if Jim Hawthorne is there. Tell him I want him." "James you are not to go back to the shop; we have more use for you here," said Mr. Morgan, "and you might as well take the day going around seeing your friends after your trip. I'll have that room adjoining mine cleared out, and I want you to move your bed room workshop into it," he added, with a smile. "What is the matter, exclaimed Mrs. Hawthorne, stir her son's unexpected return. "Well, mother, I have studied myself completely out of my bed room and the machine shop." When he told her all she just threw her arms around his neck and kissed him. "Mother, your delight is worth all it has "cost me," he said proudly. The buiuYiV^c. of the new bridge was an object of much intecest. to the residents of the town, as such improvements usually are. The best judges agreed that it was the handsomest structure of the kind they had ever seen. No wonder that Jim, when he walked out one evening with his mother to see it, felt proud at beholding a bronze tablet put up in the most conspicuous place by Mr. Morgan's direction, with the inscription : * : Erected by the j Morgan Iron Works. i JAMES HAWTHORN j Engineer and Architect. i - J I I l-f-'llt'MIMI *ti ? Some months afterward Mrs. Hawthorn and Jim were sitting one evening discussing another very important change, when there was a ring at the door-bell. Is Mr. Hawthorn in ?" was the inquiry. "Why, yes," come in John," cordially answered Jim, extending his hand, as he recognized the voice of one of the workmen. "Well, I guess we can't all get in, seein' there's about seven hundred of us, so we thought we'd just come around and see if you and your mother had any objection to steppin' around to the town hall." "Come on James, we are all here," called a voice that Jim at once recognized as Mr. Morgan's. "What does all this mean ?" asked Mrs. j Hawthorne, coming to the door. "Don't he alarmed, Mrs. Hawthorn," said Mr. Morgan, as he stepped up to the door and shook hands with her. "It simply means i thn men are as much delighted as J nines himself' at his promotion to general manager, and insisted on giving him a surprise. .Just get into the carriage here and ride around to the hall while we follow." A beautiful collation had been prepared ; and after all were seated it was arranged | that the foreman of the machine shop, on account of Jim's first association with that ) department, was to make the opening ! speech. An elaborate oration had been written for him and he had spent several nights in committing it to memory, but when he stood up all he could say was: "I've forgotten the speech, but here's , the watch." i .Jim could not do any better, and his i mother could not restrain her tears.?[William Levis Prizer. flaT" When Princeof Salm-ttalm came during the civil war to offer his sword to the i Federal Government, his title puzzled Mr. i Seward. "Psalm! Psalm!" he exclaimed, "where does he come from?" "Perhaps .rom Sing-sing," said the person addressed. "l IpstcHattcmiis Reading. | TWO HUNDRED BUSHELS TO THE ACRE. | The fact that the "American Agricultu- r rist" has offered a reward of $">00 for the t best yield of corn per acre made in the (. United States this year, and the further tact that the South Carolina Board of Agri- j culture has offered an additional reward of i $o00 to the successful competitor if he be < a planter of this State, has naturally at-j' tracted much interest. * In order to inform and encourgage South i Carolinians, those who think of competing 1 for the prize, the department of agriculture r has had a circular printed for general dis- x tribution embracing the report of I). J. \Y. J Parker, of Columbia, who, in 1S">7, raised , the largest crop of corn ever made on one t acre of ground, the report of the committee j ^ who vertfied that fact and the surveyor j' who measured the tract from which the j phenomenal yield was obtained. , The crop was produced on land on t Smith's Branch, just below the Asylum 1 road, on the outskirts of Columbia. The 1 land is now the property of the Asylum. The following is Dr. Barker's report of j t his mode of cultivation which produced , this extraordinary yield: j i To the Executive Committee of the State j 1 Agricultural Society?< Jentlemen: As a ; i competitor for the premium to be award- | j ed for the largest yield of corn from two j acres of ground, I herewith present the i certificate of the committee, and the letter I i of Mr. Veal, who measured the land; also, j the following report on the preparation of j the ground and the culture of the crop: The ground selected for my experiment 1 j. was sand hill branch land. After drying i: it by underground drains, it was broken up with a common tongue plough in No- t vember. About 2o two-horse loads of ] manure from my cow house were spread 1 over each acre in December, and well i ploughed in with a two-horse iron plough, 1 (Glaze,) followed with the subsoil plough, ( drawn by two mules. About the first of ] March another coat of good stable and cow < manure was spread and ploughed in as < the first. Early in April three cart loads I of air slacked lime and two sacks of salt were spread over each acre and lightly 1 < ploughed under. On the 14th of May the i i ground was thoroughly ploughed with ] Glaze's large iron plough, harrowed level j and laid off thirty inches apart with a < shovel plough. Guano and plaster was < sprinkled in the furrows, near 200 pounds i of the former and 300 pounds of the latter ' to each acre. The seed selected for planting was from ; North Carolina, and designated "Bale 1 1 Mountain Corn." After soaking it during i the night in a strong solution of saltpetre j < it was planted from 8 to 12 inches distance 1 in the row, covered with hoes and rolled < the ground leaving it perfectly level. On j the 14th it was ploughed with along very 1 1 narrow plough and dressed over with hoes. On the 5th and 17th of June the same work 1 was (repeated, each time leaving the < ground level. About the first of July it was 1 necessary to draw a ridge about the roots i of ihecorn to prevent its falling. During i a protracted drought, acre No. 1 was twice irrigated and acre No. 2 had the water turned on it once. As you will learn from the certificate of : the committee, the yield from acre No. 1 i was 200 bushels and 12 quarts ; from acre < No 2, 116 bushels and 6 quarts, making i from two acres 316 bushels and 18 quarts. All of which is respectfully submitted. i J. \V. Parkek. Columbia, November 9,18*7. The undersigned, acting as a committee, certify that they have, with care, superintended the harvesting and measurement of < the product of two acres of ground belonging to and cultivated by Dr. J. W. Parker, ; which ground we would denominate sand hill branch land; and find the yield of corn to be on acre No. 1, two hundred bushels and twelve quarts, and on acre No. 2, one -hundred?and -sixteen bushels and six quarts?making from two acres, (according to Mr. Veal's survey}) three hundred and sixteen bushels and eighteen quarts of good, sound corn, the manner and measurement of which we regard as accurate, and such as would be entirely satisfactory to us : if we were buying. It is known to a part of the committee that acre No 2, or a large portion of it, was ploughed up at a late period and planted over, which was very probably an injury to the crop and lessened the yield. John Dent, Jr. Wm. Wallace, W. L. Goodwin, John Glass. "Dairy Farm," Columbia, Oct. 21, 18f)7. Dh. J. W. Parker?Dear Sir: I measured on yesterday the corn lot as shown me in the field ooawest side of the main road, and find it to contain one acre, and have measured off and staked one acre of corn in the field east side of the road. Vej# truly yours, Tiios. CjVeal, Architect. Columbia, S. C., October 21,18o7. WAR WITH BIG GUN'S. 1 )id you ever see a battery take position ? It hasn't the thrill of a cavalry charge, nor the grimness of a line of bayonets moving slowly and determinedly on, but there is a peculiar excitement about it that makes old veterans rise in their saddles and cheer. We have been fighting at the edge of the woods. Every cartridge box had been emptied once or more, and one-fourth of the brigade has melted away in dead and wounded and missing. Jsot a cheer is heard in the whole brigade. We know i that we are being driven foot by foot, and that when we break once more the line will go to pieces and the enemy will pour through the gap. Here comes help! Down the crowded highway gallops a battery withdrawn from some other position to save ours. The field fence is scattered while you count thirty, and the guns rush for the hills behind us. Over dry ditches where a farmer would not drive a wagon, through clumps of brushes, over logs a foot thick, every horse on the gallop, every rider lashing his team and yelling, the sight behind us making us forget the | I'm .in. front. The guns jump two feet high as the heavy wheels strike a rock or log, but not a horse slackens his pace, not a cannoneer loose his seat. Six guns, six caissions, sixty horses and eighty men race for the brow of the hill as if he who should reach it first would be knighted. A moment ago the battery was a confused mob. We look again and the six guns are in position, the detached horses hurrying away, and the ammunition chests opened, and along our line runs the com | imiiiu: "Give them one more volley and fall ' i back to support the guns." We have j scarcely obeyed when boom! boom! opens the battery and jets of fire jump down and scorch the green trees under which we fought and despaired. j The shattered old brigade has a chance to breathe for the first time in three hours, when we form a line and lie down. What i cool fellows those cannoneers are. Every man is a perfect machine. Bullets splash dust in their faces, but they do not wince. Bullets sing over and around, they do ; not dodge. There goes one to the earth, 1 shot through the head as he sponged his | [ gun. That machine loses just one beat, j ! misses just one cog in the wheels, and then works away again just as it did he-1 ! fore. Every gun is using short fused shells. I The ground shakes and trembles, the roar J ! shuts out all sounds from a line three miles i long and the shells go shrieking into the j ! swamp to cut trees short off, to mow great | j gaps in the bushes, hunt out and shatter! and mangle men until the corpses cannot 1 be recognized as human. You would think a tornado was howling through the | forest followed by billows of fire, and yet ; I men live through it, aye, press forward to | I capture the battery. We can hear their ! shouts as they form for the rush. Now the shells are changed for grape and canister, and guns are fired so fast that all reports blend into one mighty roar. The shriek of the shell is the wickedest sound in war, but nothing makes thy flesh Tiiwl like the demoniacal singing, paring, whistling grapeshot and the serpentike hissing of canister. Men's legs and heads are torn from their indies and their bodies cut in two, A ound shot or shell takes two men out of he ranks as it passes through, (irape and sinister mow a swath and pile the (lead in leaps. Tlirough the smoke we see a swarm of nen. It is not a battle line, but a mob of non desperate enough to bathe their haymets in the flame of the guns. The guns eap from the ground almost as they are lepressed on the foe, and shrieks and creams and shouts hleiul into one awful ind steady cry. Twenty men out of the lattery sire down and the tiring is interupted. The foe accept it as a sign of covering and come rushing on. They are lot ten feet away when the- guns give hem the last shot. That shot picks living nen off their feet and throws them into lie swamp a blackened,'bloody mass. I'p, now as the enemy is among the guns, fhere is a silence of ten seconds and then he flash and the roar of more than three housand muskets and a rush forward .vitli bayonets. For what7 .Neitner on he right nor left nor in front of us is a iving foe. There are corpses around us which have been struck by three, four and ive bullets, and nowhere on this acre of ' round is a wounded man. The wheels of lie guns cannot move until the blockade >f dead is removed. Men cannot pass Vom caisson to gun without climbing vindnnvs of death. Every gun and wheel is smeared with blood, and every foot of .trass has its horrible stain. Historians write of the glory of war. Burial parties saw murder where historians saw glory.?[Chicago Tribune. I)jFARMS*0F MANCHURIA. The Orient may be well described as one figantic dog farm, for in all parts of it dogs ire reared for profit, either as food, f<rr ruardians, labor or ornament, but in Man huria alone are to be found the dog farms proper, where the dogs are bred merely for he value of their skins, while the bodies ire destroyed. The district being unset:led, the houses resemble more the border astles of ancient Scottish history than a peaceful farm-house. A high and broad niter wall, not made of stone or brick, but >f sand, lime and earth, foriifs a perfect barricade. This is loopholed and turreted, and endoses the farm buildings and folds, the mountain robbers infesting the defiles and passes in the ranges making these outworks i necessity. The houses are mostly made if large clay bricks, which are laid some distance apart, and the hollows are filled in with earth. Another precaution is a well sunk in the middle of the court-yard. The breed of dogs is a large, shaggy type, something like a badly bred Newfoundland. The dogs have an "undercoat" similar to that of a collie dog. This undercoat?a second coat of very tine, silky hair, which grows closeto the skin, and is hidden by the longer, coarse, outer coat? gives the market value to the skin. The low temperature and the hard exercise to which the animals are subjected are said to he the cause of the development of this coat, which, though not natural to that breed of dogs, has been evoked by centuries passed by their ancestors in the cold region. The dogs on a farm number from a dozen to a thousand. They are fed upon dried fish and bean cake twice a day, and if not sufficiently fed, are in the habit of raising n quarrel among themselves, and eating one or two of their number to pacify themselves. Every morning at sunrise they are fed, and then turned into the enclosed yard, where they are used as a motive power in various ways. Their houses are simply barns, and they keep warm by lying in a tangled heap. Each day they are carefully watched for symptoms of insects, and in order to detect symptoms of a peculiar form of ophthalmia caused by the constant glare of the snow. These may be said to be their only troubles. If a dog dies or is killed, a priest is sent for and by a series of spells and incantations, he drives away the spirit of the dead beast, which might avenge itself for the ill-treatment it had received during its life. In many folds a monkey is kept in the building to keep away sickness and bad luck. The dogs used for food are killed by strangling, and the flesh is supposed to strengthen both mind and body, and alfco to prevent sickness, but no man who has eaten dog's flesh is allowed to enter a temple until three days have elapsed. About the end of February the two-year olcl dogs are separated from the others and killed, and their skins are rudely cured. They are then stored in buildings until the arrival of the trader in sheepskins, after the ice has gone out. This man lays great stress upon the poor quality of the dog skins and the difhculties of transit, but finally buys them for as low a price as possible, and gets the whole of his purchase transported to some farmhouse near the river, down which they are shipped as occasion offers. The great market for the skins is Northern Europe, but a considerable quantity find their way into the American market. THE USE OFXOVEL HEADING. Rabbi Solomon Schindler recently delivered a lecture in Boston on the above subject. It is strange, said the speaker, that with all its craving, yearning and searching for truth the human mind has always found delight in the fantastic and in the fictitious; that from the most ancient times to this very day truth has frequently been obliged to assume the garb of fiction, in order to find admittance, and that the goddess of truth has to disguise herself in the garments of her enemy, falsehood, in order to gain a victory, can be found in the desire of the human sotd of not only passing through its own life, but of that of others. When we hear or read a story we actually live the life of all the persons that figure therein. We rejoice and suffer with the hero, we participate with every one of his actions, and our own soul cannot gain its equilibrium of rest before the hero has received his reward, and has fulfilled his mission. There is 110 branch of literature that impresses us more and influences our thoughts more strongly than a novel, although we may not be aware of it. It also serves another purpose, for every novel is thechild of its time, and if we could compose a library in which all such narratives iteit I encircle by the term of "novelistic" nAnld Im qri'.uwro/l 111 f *li f*t ill i ilficriru) 1 wo could, in the easiest possible manner, behold how the standard of morality has been constantly rising until it has reached its present mark. Novel reading also expands the intellectual horizon. Useful information of all kinds cleaves quicker to the memory, and is better retained by it, when it enters its chambers by the side of some amusing or interesting narrative. 11 is not absolutely true that the reading of novels which do not rank high spoils or corrupts morality. Woxdkks of tiik Sea.?The sea occupies three-fifths of the earth's surface. A mile down tire water has a pressure of a ton to the square inch. It has been proven that at a depth of twenty-five hundred feet, waves are not felt. At some places the force of the sea dashing upon the rocks on the shore is said to lie seventeen tons to the square yard. The temperature is the same, varying only a trifle from the ice of the pole to the burning sun of the equator. The water is colder at the bottom than at the surface. In the many bays on the coast of Norway the water often freezes at the bottom before it does above. If a box six feet thick were filled with sea water, and the water allowed to evaporate in the sun, there would be two inches of salt left at the bottom. Taking the average depth of the ocean to be three miles, there would be a layer of pure salt two hundred and thirty feet thick on the Atlantic. Waves are very deceptive; to look at them in a .storm one would think the whole water traveled. The water stays in the same place, but the motion goes on. Sometimes in storms these waves are forty ~ feet high and travel fifty miles an hourmore than twice as fast as the swiftest steamer. The distance from valley to valley is generally fifteen times its height; hence, a wave five feet high will extend over seventy-five feet of water. /I