The Anderson intelligencer. [volume], December 01, 1887, Image 1

About The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914

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BT B. B. MURE A
T^??H^'C?I/?MN,
J. G. CLINKSCALES, Editor.
Character makes the man; what are
you doing for the character of your pu
.pils?
He who fails to denounce a lie when
he knows it to be one is as base as its
author himself. ?
ffe 1 m-i ??
"Idleness is the workshop of the dev?
il" : the obstinately ignorant are his will?
ing instruments.
Miss Tallie Keown starts well at Neal's
Creek. Miss Tallie has had considerable
experience as teacher, and i? a progress?
ive member of the Association.
You never fail to grumble when your
teacher makes a failure with your child:
do yjgP^ev^r jfell her haw thankful you
are lBLh?i Jbtr? see . jfcow wftltfghe^hild is
getting on ?
Mr. ?. Z. Brown had a small school
the other day, but was doing just as faith?
ful work as if he had forty pupils. Good
sign that The true are always faithful
in email, things..
i rKifanrr?hr -tfr * r ?
. . - ? ? ? ' r ? '
The'Executive Committee is banking
largely on the Fork Township fur help at
the next session of the Association'.
Messrs. Russell, C^mpton, Dickson and
Mahaffey may expect to come up like
men.
^Thi) "but: the ignorant could fail to
recognize a Ho when It.is unvarnished
with even a decent coat of reason ? Who
but the blackhearted could with a wink
Bend that lie on in its coarse of destruc?
tion? _
The Midway school, under the manage?
ment qf Mr..Sterling, did not open the
S?ist inst Some necessary improvements
on the house necessitated the delay of a
week. The opening is fine and Mr.
Sterling is happy. 1 -
Several schools are yet without teach?
ers. We are sure we have done all we
can to wake up trustees; and people.
Some are waiting for a^'matrteacner/'
while others are now ready to take any
kind they can get.
[ilrj^ljrruslieSiOf District! Kp> 5 request
us" to announcer that" tKey^ will hold
regular meetings on first Saturday at 2
o'clock p. m. in each month. The meet?
ings will be held at WillifordV; and the
teachers are required to bring up their
school Registers with their reports.
Miss Lois Watson, the newly elected
assistant in the Lebanon Bchool, makes a
.fine--atari, .winning the, confidence of
pupils and patrons from the very begin?
ning. W? congratulate Mr. Holland and
?the school. Miss Watson, u an active,
.earnest member of the Association.
- Up to this time the teachers have re?
sponded promptly,to our call lor infor?
mation as to who were taking educational
journals. There are still some to be
-heard from. In a short time we,hope, to
be able to publish a list of those who are
trying'to make better teachers of them
?'selves. ? ?? ' ?
Two other teachers, Miss Lela : Brown
and Mr. S,.G. Sterling, have handed in
their dollar each for the Teachers' Libra
ry. Let the work go on. A committee
will be appointed by the President of the
Association at its next: meeting to select
and purchase the books, if a purchase be
"not made by the Executive Committee
? before the next meeting of that body.
Don't let this matter escape vour atten
VK> ? ' ????? r *
tion.
Col. Robinson says he is pretty strong
and "usually able to hold his own with
most men when they come at him one at
a time, but be is confident that if he were
to attempt to teach his pupils to read
before teaching them the alphabet, he
would have to pall up stakes and move
out lively. He thinks such a thing
would not be tolerated in his whereabouts.
At any rate, he is not willing to risk his
ears on it
The Eureka school is unusually fall
this session. That lengthened house, that
'b^ndBpme^ ceiling, those easy, elegant
benches, all contribute to the comfort
and pleasure of the children and the
. general prosperity of the school. We
congratulate the teacher, Miss Campbell,
and the good people of that community.
.Miss Zella; is a live teacher; it is useless
to say she is .an active member of the
Association.
In some communities it has been just
impossible for the teachers to get board?
ing placeB. How can our people expect
a school if they do not provide a home
for the teacher ? The teachers, are not
all. married; they .are not all men and
women of families who can rent a place
and live at home. They must be pro?
vided for. We are sorry for that commu?
nity whose teacher cannot find a place to
lay his weary head.
Many of the teachers and pupils read
the very interesting historical sketch of
Anderson written by the children in Miss
Habbsrd'a school and published last
week in the Teachers' Column. Would
it not be well to have something of the
kind from every settlement in the Coun?
ty ? Every section of Anderson County
has a history and an interesting one.
Get your pupils to collect the traditions
of your neighborhood, and from these
prepare a sketch for the Teachers' Col?
umn. What could be more interesting to
the children of this Couoty than a short
historical sketch of Fendleton or Sandy
Springs? Each has a history. William
ston has a most interesting history, and
so has Belton. If the rocks around old
Andersonville could talk, how much they
could tell 1 And how rich are the tradi?
tions of Slabtown 1 If the ashes of John
L. Kennedy could speak, what a chapter
could they give us! And so with any
other school location. Who will try it ?
We sometimes bear men say, "Our
teacher is too black in his government of
the school." And sometimes, unfortu?
nately, there is too much ground for the
complaint Many years ago the man
Y & CO.
who could whip the hardest and the
longest was repvded the best teacher to
be found. Things have changed; public
sentiment has reacted, and the man with
all muscle and no brain is no longer
regarded the sine qua non. This is well,
but is there not danger of allowing the
pendulum to swing unreasonably iar back
in the other direction ? We are confident
that great damage has resulted to children
from punishment unjudiciously applied;
' but we are equally confident that the
! conditional banishment of the rod from
some school rooms has been the occasion
of unmeasured damage to the children.
In spite of our modern notions about the
government of children, we must admit
that old Solomon was not so far wrong
after all when he said : "Spare the rod,"
etc. While we would not advise indis?
criminate whipping, we do contend the
teacher should be master of bis surround?
ings. If he can not be without bavin,
the pupils to feel the weight of the rod,
let it be put on and put on right. Let
parents be what they may, you be boss of
the school room. Don't forget that un?
due leniency may injure a child fully as
much as over punishment.
The Governor's Message.
Governor Richardson, iu the message
which was presented to the General As?
sembly yesterday, considers, first, the
condition of the State debt. He is con?
fident that with proper effort the Defi?
ciency Bonds which mature next year
can be refunded at 4 or 4} per cent in?
terest, which would save the State, at
the lower rate, $8,000 a year: he believes
that this would lead to the refunding of
the whole of the remainder of the State
debt, upon its maturity in 1893, at a
like rate of interest, the saving to the
State being $120,000 a year.
The troublesome question of forfeited
lands is next dealt with, the amount of
forfeitures now being 914,853 acres in
cludiW 100,045 acres which were forfeited
last , ear. The Governor reviews the
legislation on this subject, and comes to
the conclusion that the Acts of Indul?
gence passed in 1877, and subsequently,
as well as the decrees of the Courts, have
operated against the honest taxpayer and
have offered a premium to delinquents.
The Governor recommends that, in view
of the inability to give satisfactory titles
to the purchasers of forfeited lands,
under the present system, authority be
given to the Commissioners of the Sink?
ing Fund to bring, in their discretion,
actions in. the Courts of the State to
recover from the former owners of the
forfeited lands the amount due for taxes,
costs and penalties, as for debt, the com?
missioners taking a judgment in the
different cases and selling the lands to
satisfy the judgment. This addition to
the powers now exercised by the Com?
mission will enable the board to deal
with cases which are now out of reach,
and will not interfere with their preseut
modes of securing the payment of taxes,
or clog the Courts by a multitude of
actions as under a general and mandato?
ry law. The suggestions of the Gover?
nor on this subject are worthy of the
study of the Legislature. Some means
must be found of distinguishing between
the. taxpayer who pays and the taxpayer
who findsi his profit in being delinquent
at the expense of his fellow-citizens.
In the public schools generally there
is a gradual and constant increase in the
number of pupils, and,the people of the
State are now more ? aroused upon the
subject of education, in the Governor's
opinion, than ever before in their history.
It is recommended that a general law be
framed to provide for local taxation to
supplement'the school fund, wherever
the taxpayers desire schools of a higher
grade. There should also be greater
facilities for the training of teachers.
Governor Richardson compliments Mr.
Rice, the superintendent of education,
upon his efforts to create a new and in?
creased interest in the educational de?
partment of the Government.
The South Carolina College is spoken
of in terms of unmixed praise, and it is
confidently asserted that, in its methods
and attendance and work, it will not
suffer by comparison with any of the
leading educational institutions of the
South. Iu spite of the requirement that
tuition fees be paid, the number of ma?
triculates for the present year is 160,
which is only two less than the average
number for the five preceding years.
Among the students there are 63 benefi?
ciaries. The mechanical department of
the college is reported as increasing in
reputation and efficiency, and the college
gives practical as well as scientific in?
struction in agriculture, agricultural
chemistry and horticulture. Ia its ex
perimental field work the institution is
not surpassed, the Governor says, by any
agricultural college in the country. L ia
proposed to reorganize the institution on
a university basis, and the Governor
bespeaks for the scheme the favorable
consideration of the Legislature.
Of the South Carolina Military
Academy the Governor says that it
occupies a distinctive and indispensable
place in our educational system, and
guarantees to the State that the youth
who is fortunate enough to be educated
there will be a law-abiding, cultivated
and useful citizen. Sixty-three cadets
have been graduated since the re-estab?
lishment of the Academy; 23 of these
are teaching, 11 are engineers, 3 are at
work in railroad offices, 2 are draughts?
men, 9 are in mercantile- life, 6 are
farming, 4 are studying medicine, 3 are
studying law, 1 is studying dentistry and
1 is engaged on a newspaper. Thirty
nine of the graduates were beneficiary
cadets. The usual appropriation for the
Academy is recommended.
The Claflin College for colored youth
shows a marked increase and improve?
ment in attendance, the students number?
ing 641. There have been, in all, 90
graduates since 1879. The Governor
bears willing testimony to the excellent
management, discipline and system of
the institution.
Of the department of agriculture the
Governor says that the good work it is
now doing and its work in the past will,
he is sure, commend it to the continued
support and encouragement of the Legis?
lature.
The Governor describes the condition
of the two experimental stations, and
AN]
says it is unnecessary to press upon the
General Assembly the importance of
giving all possible aid and encourage?
ment to their work. It is noted that the
Legislature must decide which institution
or institutions shall receive the benefits
of the appropriation made by Congress
under the Hatch bill, and it is suggested
that the assignment of a portion of the
appropriation to agricultural experiments
would greatly extend the operations of
the station?, and enable a third sation to
be established in the centre of the State.
There are now one thousand convicts
on the rolls of the State Penitentiary,
nine hundred and twenty-six of whom
are colored persons. The crops cultiva?
ted by the convicts were partly destroyed
by freshets and caterpillars. Estimating
Bolely upon the operations of the year,
the prison has been more than self-sus?
taining. An appropriation of $100,000
is asked for, with the proviso that all
moneys collected by the board shall be
turned over to the State. It is recom?
mended that a tract of land be purchased
sufficiently large ior the employment of
the convicts in agricultural labor, after
the expiration of the present leases and
contracts. All convicts who cannot be
hired to contractors, or employed, else?
where profitably, can be made to work
on this farrr. The establishment of a
reformatory institution for youthful
criminals is strenuously advised. The
reasons given for it are unanswerable.
The Governor describes the present
condition of the Columbia Canal, upon
which, up to October 31, 1886, $130,705
had been expended. Tho estimated cost
of completing it is $169,626. The simple
question is, whether what has been spent
shall be thrown away by the abandon?
ment of the work. The completion of
the canal, also, besides proving largely
profitable in itself, can be the means of
re-establishing water communication be?
tween upper and lower Sonth Carolina.
The Governor, therefore, recommends
that the State undertake the early com?
pletion of the canal, or else transfer it,
with all its rights and obligations, to
corporations or individuals who can
ensure its speedy completion.
The Lunatic Asylum has now 649
patients, of whom 369 are whites. Ad?
ditional accommodation for colored
patients is required. There has been a
slight reduction in the cost of maintain?
ing the patients.
The Governor recommends certain
changes in the law establishing the Kail
road Commission, and deems it advisable
to enlarge the powers of that body, so as
to enable it to requre railroads within the
State "to regulate their rates of freight
traffic within the State, so that the public
shall derive the greatest benefit possible,
consistent with '.he interests of the rail?
road corporations." Most of the rail?
roads are in the hands of persons who
have no interest in our internal improve?
ments save as a means of ohtaining
revenue, and there is, therefore, a
tendency, the Governor say*, to keep
local rates to disproportionate to the
prorate received by railroads within the
State on long hauls. The only mode of
stopping this "sapping of what may be
termed the life blood of our prosperity
would seem to be to give more power to
the railroad commission to regulate the
traffic."
The Governor describes the action
taken to allay the excitement caused by
the formation of secret labor societies in
upper South Carolina, and says that the
mustering into service of militia compa?
nies in the disturbed district instantly
suppressed the dissatisfaction which ex?
isted, and allayed the anxiety felt by
many good and substantial people. The
Governor says that the State should take
great pride' in the Slate Volunteer
Trooops, who so unselfishly give their
time and labor to enable them to reach
that state of efficiency which will ensure
to society the preservation of good order
and the maintenance of pure govern?
ment.
The Governor earnestly recommends
to the generous consideration of the Leg?
islature the propositr -> to afford all pos?
sible relief to the disabled and poor
among the surviving Confederate soldiers,
and recommends the Legislature to con?
sider carefully to what extent the re?
sources of the State will justify so just
and humane a provision.
As regards the State House, the Gover?
nor shows the importance of continuing
the work, and praises warmly what has
already been done. The improvements
still necessary are clearly described, the
total additional cost being $100,000.
The Governor recommends that the
law be amended so that trial justices
shall hold office for two years from the
date of their appointment, unless sooner
removed; or else, that they be appointed
as treasurers and auditors are. It is also
recommended that the law be amended
so as to give the trial justices jurisdic?
tion in the cases of petty larceny, and
other minor offences.
The Governor gives a careful summary
of the proceedings in the case of F. A.
Blackwocd, a citizen of South Carolina,
who was kidnapped in this State and
taken in irons to Augusta. The corres?
pondence with Governor Gordon on this
subject is given. The Governor speaks
highly of the action of the Attorney
General in the matter, and says that he
richly deserves the thanks of the people
of the State for the triumphant vindica?
tion of her rights, in which it resulted.
In conclusion, the Governor says,
among other things, that it has been
thought by many, and often asserted, that
the prosperity of our State has been
slowly declining, but the statistics war?
rant no such impression. They show,
rather, a steady advance in all material,
social, educational and religious interests.
In glowing words he describes the
difficulties that have been overcome by |
the people, and the rising of the bright
sun of prosperity in South Carolina.
The manner in which Charleston's resur?
rection is spoken of is eloquent, indeed,
the happy phrases seeming to spring
fresh from the Governor's heart.
The message, as will be seen, is of
great length, but is full of interest, and
it is altogether an admirable State paper,
both in its style and in the felicity and
lucidity with which so many different
subject* are set before the Legislature
and the people of tho Stale.?-News and
Courier.
DEESON, S. C, THt
GEORGE McDUFFIE.
A Sketch of His Life and Sen-Ices.
George McDuffie, probably the most
famous orator who has ever honored
South Carolina by his life, was born in
Columbia county, Georgia, a few mile:
above the city of Augusta, August 12th,
1700. It is a matter greatly to be regret?
ted that so little is known of the antece?
dents of this distinguished statesman.
His parents are known to have removed
to Georgia from Lancaster district, South
Carolina, but when, and to what exact
point iu that State, is not known. Gov?
ernor Perry in his "reminiscences" says
that Mrs. Robert Cunningham, an aunt
of William L. Yancey, told him that sbe
went to school with McDuffie in the
country above Augusta, and that his
name was then pronounced "McAfee."
She said that his parents were in rather
indigent circumstances. They lived near
her father's place, and she and George
were companions during their childhood.
McDuffie began life, when very young,
as a clerk in tbemercantile establishment
of James Calhoun in Augusta. While
employed here, all his spare time was
devoted to reading. His passion for
books attracted the attention of Mr,
William Calhoun, a brother of his em?
ployer, who was, by-the by, also a
brother of John C. Calhoun. and he pro?
posed to take him to his borne in Abbe?
ville county, South Carolina, and educate
him. Young McDuffie accordingly left
AugUBta, and was placed by Mr. Calhoun
in a school at Willington in Abbeville
county, superintended by Rev. Mr Wad
deli, and in its day widely known
throughout Upper South Carolina. His
progress in this school was remarkable,
and he is said to have prepared himself
for the Junior class of the South Carolina
College in twelve months. In December,
1811, he entered college, and by close
application, combined with his natural
quickness of intellect, he soon outstripped
all competitors and stood at the head of
the class. In the following June be
obtained a position as tutor in the family
of Col. Haskell, of St. Matthew's parish.
He is also said to have taught in the
family of a Mr. Flood during his vaca?
tions. In this way he assisted his patron
in defraying the expenses of his collegi?
ate course. He returned to college in
October, 1812, and graduated in Decem?
ber of the next year, bearing off the first
honors of the class. His graduating
address was on "The Permanence of the
Union," and by the request of his fellow
students it was printed for circulation.
"It is a little remarkable," says Judge
O'Neall, "that his opening speech on the
threshold of life, should have set before
the country his belief in the permanency
of that Union, which many of his
speeches, in and out of Congress, subse?
quently ?0 much jeopardized."
During his college career be was a
member of the Clariosophic Literary So?
ciety, and the vigor and readiness with
which he threw himself into debate gave
the promise which was so amply fulfilled
in afterlife. His speeches, however, did
not partake of that passionate and
eloquent Btyle which characterized his
later efforts, but are said to have been
calm and argumentative.
On leaving college he studied law and
was admitted to the bar in May, 1814.
He located at Pendleton as a partner of
Warren B. Davis, and in December,
1814, was a candidate for Solicitor of the
western circuit of the State, but was
defeated for this position by Benjamin
H. Saxon, of Abbeville. McDuffie
became somewhat disheartened at this
defeat and, resigning his law office at
Pendleton, removed to Edgefield Court
House, where he became a partner of
Col. Eldre Simkins. This was the turn?
ing point in McDuffie's life, and from
being a "briefless barrister" be entered
upon a practice which, in a few years,
brought him honor, fame and riches.
His rise at the bar was now very rapid,
and his practice soon extended to all the
courts in the western , part of the State.
Many cases of very great importance
were entrusted to him, and he conducted
them with marked prudence and ability,
and with invariable success.
In October, 1S18, he was elected a
member of the State Legislature from
Edgefield district, and soon gained a
reputation as a most eloquent and able
debater. Col. Keating Lewis Simons,
who was in the Legislature with him, in
speaking of an argument McDuffie had
delivered before the Judiciary Commit?
tee of the House on giving the election
of presideutional electors into the hands
of the people, said I Judge Daniel E.
Huger: "I never heard such eloquence
flow from the lips of mortal man. If
you could have seen him while speaking,
with his features animated, and his face
lighted up by the inspiration of elo?
quence, you would have thought him as
beautiful as an angel." This great com?
pliment, paid to a young man by so dis?
tinguished a person as Colonel Simons,
gives us an idea of how exalted an
opinion was entertained of McDuffie's
powers by bis contemporaries.
In 1818 McDuffie was e' cted as a
member of the Board of Trustees of the
South Carolina College, and in October,
1820, was elected to Congress to repre
seut the district compiling the counties
of Edgefield and Abbeville. In this
position be succeeded his partner, Colo?
nel Simkins, who voluntarily retired in
his favor.
It was about Ibis time that McDuffie
became involved in a political contro?
versy with Colonel William Cummi. of
Georgia, the outcome of which was t- v
eral duels, iu one of which he was
wounded iu tho spine in a manner which,
while it did not disable him from the
active duties of life, caused him great
suffering and annoyance for many years,
and finally was the cause of completely
shattering his health. His sufferings
also had the effect of producing a gerat
change in his disposition. Previous to
being wounded he was possessed of a
genial good temper, and as a boy, an
older sister describes him as being "the
kindest and best tempered fellow" she
ever knew. After being wounded, how?
ever, his disposition underwent an entire
change. He became irritablo and
nervous, and in manner seemed scarcely
the same man.
It is a remarkable fact that his writ?
ings and speeches at this time were dia
JESDAY MORNING,
metrically opposed to the cause of
nullification and States' rights which he
afterwards so vehemently espoused. The
various pamphlets which he published
on these subjects during his controversy
with Col. Cumming were collected and
published under the title "the Crisis," by
General, afterwards Governor, James
Hamilton, and a number of the papers
were sources of great annoyance to him
in after years when he changed his poli?
tics.
In December, 1831, McDuffie took his
seat in Congress, and it was in that body
that he reached the height of his fame.
It was about this time that he changed
his political views, influenced, it is said,
by the great nullificr, John C. Calboun,
and from being a fierce advocate of the
consolidation of the States, he became a
fiercer champion of nullification and
State sovereignty. There is no doubt,
however, that this change was an honest
one, although through his whole political
career, McDuffie acted in such a manner
as to cause his enemies to charge him
with allowing Calboun to dictate his
course. Soon after the beginning of bis
Congressional career, the fight over the
tariff was begun, and McDuffie threw
himself with all the vigor of his intellect
into the fore front of the free traders, and
fought unceasingly against the imposi
tion of the protective tariff. In the Nul?
lification Convention of 1832, he was one
of the most fiercy of the leaders, and the
address to the people of the United States
published by that body was prepared by
McDuffie. He was much incensed at the
compromise of the tariff question effected
by Calboun and Clay, and it was with
great reluctance that he consented to the
remission of the Nullification Ordinance.
In 1834 McDuffie withdrew from Con?
gress and was in December of the same
year elected Governor of South Carolina.
While Governor, in his ex officio
capacity as Chairman of the Board of
Trustees of the South Carolina College,
he did much to revive the college from
the languishing condition in which the
infidel administration of President
Cooper bad cast it, by causing a thorough
re organization of the faculty.
At the expiration of his term of office,
Governor McDuffie retired to private
life until in 1842, when he was elected to
represent South Carolina in the United
States Senate. He appeared, however, at a
disadvantage in the Senate. The wound
received years before in the duel with
Colonel Cumming had had the effect of
shattering his health, and with his failing
constitution his mind had become some?
what enfeebled. This did not, however,
prevent him from taking an active part
in the proceedings of that body, although
age and infirmities had greatly curtailed
the vigor and brilliancy of his intellect.
He was very active iu securing the
passsage of the sub-Treasury bill,
and the bill for the annexation of
Texas. The vigor with which he worked
for the adoption of these measures, might
be considered as somewhat remarkable,
when we remember that but a few years
before he denounced their passage? in
unmeasured terms. While Governor of
South Carolina, he denounced the strug?
gling young Eepublic of Texas in what
Thomas H. Banton has styled a "cold
blooded message." In 1846 McDuffie's
rapidly failing health necessitated his
resigning his seat in the Senate, and he
retired once more to private life. His
death occurred on the 11th of March,
1851, in Sumter district, while he was on
a visit to his wife's family. In 1829
McDuffie was married to Miss Mary
Eebecca Singleton, a daughter of Colonel
Eichard Singleton, of Sumter district.
Miss Singleton was a beautiful and
accomplished woman, and was a great
society belle. It is said that the famous
lawyer and poet, Warren E. Davis, was
at one time much enamored of this lady,
who, however, gave her hand to Davis'
warmest friend, McDuffie. Davis
although very fond of the society of the
fair sex, was never married, aud his re?
maining a bachelor is said to have been
due to the disappointment he met with
in this affaire du occur. Gov. Perry
relates an anecdote of where Davis
declined an invitation to visit the family
of Col. Singleton because he know
McDuffie would be present, and he could
not bear a meeting with his old love in
the presence ot her future husband. But
McDuffie's married life was brief. In the
following year, 1830, his wife died, leav?
ing one child, a daughter, who after?
wards becamo the wife of the present
Senator Wade Hampton. Both Governor
McDuffie and his wife are buried side by
sid6 in the Singleton family burying
ground near the Watereo river, iu lower
Sumter county. A handsome monument
has been erected over McDuffie's grave,
and on it is carved in relief a profile of
the great statesman's feature, but, as the
inscription on his tomb declares, "The
history of his country is the monument
of his fame." The features on the mon
ment have been described as follows:
"A splendid forehead, an eye somewhat
deep set, a large nose, strong-looking and
well-formed, and lips, which, although {
carved on cold marble, have about them
a marked expression, and show that they
wero made to pour forth streams of spark?
ling, burning eloquence."
In speaking of McDuffie's eloquence
Thomas H. Benton has said that he was
equal to Demosthenes in his prime, and
Governor Perry adds that "he could stir
up the human heart, and excite the feel?
ings and passions, as few public speakers
have been able to do in ancient or mod?
ern times." In debate McDuffie was
noted for his bold and scathing satire and
his fiery invective. It was his fearless
and unsparing denunciation of men and
principles which involved him in many
personal difficulties during political
career, and the duels with Col. William
Cumming were brought on by the vitu?
peration he dealt in during their political
discussions. Governor Perry says that
Alfred Cumming orico gave him a very
minute description of the duels between
his brother, William, and McDuffie, but
it is a matter of great regre.', and really a
genuine loss to history that Governor
Perry did not publish tho account in biB
"Eeminiscences." It seems, however,
that Cumming was to a great extent to
blamo for the meetings. They faced
each other on the field of honor on three
different occasions ; at tho first meeting
DECEMBEK 1, 188
McDuffie was wounded, and a short time
afterwards he wrote a letter to Colonel
Benjamin T. Elmore, in which he
remarks that Cumming's honor was
easily healed. This letter was indiscreet?
ly published, and Cumming sent a second
challenge to McDuffie, and their differ?
ences were not finally settled until they
had faced each other's fire on a third
occasion. Judge Andrew P. Butler was
McDuffie's second in one of these duels.
McDuffie was by nature kind aud sim?
ple in his manner and disposition,
although his sufferings during the latter
years of his life made him irritable and
peevish. He cared nothing for style and
fashion, and his general appearance was
plain and rustic.
Judge Huger, who was his colleague
in the United States Senate, said that he
thought McDuffie a Christian at heart,
that he bad all the love, kindness and
charity uf a true Christian. This same
gentleman upon one occasion, while
defending the South Carolina College in
the State Legislature, said that if the
College had. never done anything save to
give McDuffie to the State, the people
would be amply repaid for every cent
expended on that institution. McDuffie
was accused in his old age of being ava?
ricious, but Judge Huger, who was inti?
mately associated with him, said that he
never knew any one who had less regard
for money.
In 1S34, McDuffie was chosen Mrjor
General of the State militia, and thus it
was that he gained the title of General,
by which he was known through life.
During his last days he became a com?
plete mental and physical wreck, and is
said to have been a pitiable object to
contemplate. Fortunately, however, he
did not linger long in this condition
before death came to his relief. Through
his whole life he entertained the liveliest
feelings of gratitude and appreciation
toward his former patron, Mr. William
Calhoun, and gave substantial evidence
of it by defraying the expenses of the
education of Mr. Calhoun's youngest
daughter in the Columbia Female Serai
nary.
SlIIBLEY C. HUGHSON,
Surater, S. C, Sept. 22,1887.
A Fee of $6,000,000.
A young gentleman of prepossessing
appearance, who is well known in Louis?
ville society and is a familiar figure at
Alexander's Hotel, where be is tempora?
rily residiog, is Mr. Shcrrod Williams, a
wealthy Californian. Mr. Williams is
bright, genial and companionable. He
has been in Louisville for several months,
and as he is fond of Kentucky his stay
here may be said to be indefinite.
It is perfectly natural for the young
Californian to love Kentucky and to feel
at home here. His father, Tomas H.
Williams, was a native of Wayne County,
this State, who went to California in
1840. The elder Williams settled in Vir?
ginia City, where he was, after a few
years, elected to the office of prosecuting
attorney. Mr. Williams was retained as
the general attorney for a large raining
company, whose headquarters were at
Virginia City. This company became
heavily involved, and was on the verge
of bankruptcy. Mr. Williams learned
its condition, and, as he had a claim of
?1,500 against the company for legal
services, he brought suit and attached its
property. His attachment made him a
preferred creditor, and when the proper?
ty of the company, consisting solely of its
mines, was sold, he purchased it, bidding
no more than the amount of his judg?
ment. He secured a perfect title to the*
property, but made no attempt to devel?
op or dispose of it.
Years passed away, aud Mr. Williams
had been elected to office of; attorney
general of California. One day he was
approached by a representative of Flood,
Mackay & O'Brien and and asked if he
was not the owner of certain mining
property near Virginia City.
"I am," said Mr. Williams.
"Do you wish to sell it?" inquired the
agent.
"I do not," was the reply.
"Will you take$100,000 for it?"
"I will not," returned Mr. Williams,
who knew the difference between a cow?
boy and a cart-wheel.
"I will give you $250,000," said the
agent.
"The property is not for sale," said Mr.
Williams.
The .".gent left, but the next day he
came back and offered Mr. Williams
$500,000 for the property. The olfer was
declined.
The negotiations were then taken up
by a member of the firm of Flood, Mackay
& O'Brien. As a result, Mr. Williams
put his property into the firm, taking in
return a big block of stock. The stock
began to fly like a kite. About the time
it was at its highest Mr. Williams sent
for his partners and told them bo was
going to sell his shares.
"If you want them," Baid he, "you can
take them at regular market quotations."
They wanted them, and they took them.
When the stock had been transferred,
the firm of Flood, Mackay & O'Brien
gave Mr. Williams a check for $6,000,
000. He had waited a good while to
collect his attorney's fee from the insolv
tut mining company, but when it did
come it wa3 a crusher.
It was by very considerable odds the
largest fee ever realized by an attorney
in the history of this country.?Louisville
Courier-Journal.
Too Lively Fish.
There was a certain character in one of
our couutiy towns who was noted more
for the various means to which he resort?
ed to cam a living than for bis veracity.
At one time it happened that he was
peddling fish, and his cry summoned a
very particular old lady to the side of the
wagon.
"Are these fish fresh ?" she asked,
viewing the finny representatives with
suspicion.
"Yes, 'm; caught this very raornin',"
was the reply.
"Are you sure ?" she continued, giving
the load sundry pokes. "They all seem
to be dead."
"Dead?" echoed the vender?"dead5
Yes, 'm, they are dead. They wuz so
lively when I left home that I had tei
kill 'em to keep 'em from jumpin' nulei
ther wagon."'?Harper's Bazar.
7.
BILL ART.
Did you ever keep an open house?that
is, a house always open and ready and
williDg for company ? A house where the
nabors who where passing, or a passel of
hunters or a stray preacher, or the law?
yers who went from court to court on the
circuit could say, 'it is about dinner-time
let's drive up to Col. Jackson's and get
something to eat and a drink of good
peach brandy to wash it down.' It was
all the same if they happened in about
nightfall and stayed all night. The old
aristocracy of Georgia always gave a
welcome to visitors, especially if they
were gentlemen and behaved themselves,
and nobody ever thought of such a thing
as offering to pay. It was all hospitality
?'why, howdy do! howdy do ! light and
come in?here Jack, here Virgil, come
round here, Jack, quick and take these
horses?put 'em up and feed 'em and
tend to 'em right?do you hear ?' 'Yes,
Massa, I ten's to 'em, shore,' was the re?
ply, and that darkey grinned, for he knew
he was sura of a dime, if not more, when I
the gentlemen left.
I used to keep open house, that is to
say, begun to invite most anybody and
everybody who came along to stop over
aud dine or stay all night, and it was get?
ting quite common for them to accept,
and when I heard of an old friend or a
distinguished gentleman arriving in the
town, I called on him at the hotel and
invited him up. You see I was young
and ambitious, and was looking forward
to some high office as an ornament, and
we had plenty of niggers and a good
cook and house servants, and besides all
that, I had a pretty wife and she was
smart, and our children were pretty too,
and well behaved, and I was proud of the
whole concern.
But somehow or some other how, Mrs.
Arp didn't I ke the business. The chil
were devoted to me, and my custom was
to play with 'em and teach 'em and un?
dress 'em and bathe 'em and put 'em to
bed, and she wanted mo about anyhow,
aud dident enjoy my enjoyment when I
was siting up in the parlor smoking, and
talking politics with folks she didn't ap?
preciate. So, accordingly, I quit in order
to promote domestic peace and tranquili
ty. If my wife had been called on to
make her own answer to the catechism,
'What is the chief eud of man ?' she
would have said 'man's chief end is to
love his wife and take care of his chil?
dren,' that is, of her children, for they are
hers, and no mistake.
But most all of the old time folks kept
open house, and those who are able,
keep it now?Bob Toombs kept it, and
Alex Stephens kept it as long as he lived.
Under the new order of things it can't be
done generally now, for niggers ain't
niggers any more, and cooks are scarce
and very particular. They are not going
to kill another chicken every half hour.
Uncle Jack McKinney was a very hospi?
table man and was always inviting his
friends about town to come out and see
him. But they dident go much, for he
was a rough old fellow and had no girls
and no piano but hosts of niggers and
hogs and mules and dogs and much like.
One pleasant evening the young men
concluded to see how far they could
strain Uncle Jack's hospitality, so a couple
of them rode out in advance of the crowd,
and Uncle Jack hurried out to the gate
and seemed delighted to see 'em. 'Light,'
said he, 'Light, git down and come in?
I'm powerful glad to see you?come in,
come in ! Here Dick ! Dick come here,
you black rascal, and take these horses;
carry 'cm round to the lot and feed 'em.
Walk in gentlemen?come right along.'
After seating them on the big piazza, he
went out to the back door and called
Sally. 'Sally,' be said, 'there's company
come and you must kill a couple of them
chickens for supper.
About the time he was seated with his
guests, another couple rode up, and the
old man went out with a little less alac?
rity, but called Dick to take their horses
and shortly, after he called his cook and
said, 'Sally, I reckon you will have to kill
another chicken.' When the third
couple arrived the old man's gu3h had
weakened. 'Howdy do,' said he, 'git
down and come in. Just hitch your nags
to the fence?I reckon they'll stand.' Re?
turning to Sally, he said, 'Sally, it never
rains but it pours. I reckon you'll have
to kill another?well, yes another chick?
ens; a mighty little one, Sally. Lord
help us and forgive us our sins.' By and
by and the rest of the company came,
and when they inquired after his health
he said he wasent well at all, and the old
'oman was mighty puny.' My good
father used to keep open house, for he
was a merchant and had lots of good cus?
tomers, and they used to come to town to
trade and buy lots of goods for their fam?
ilies and their niggers, and would stay all
night and my mother was mighty kind to
'em, and fixed up the best table she
could. But my father concluded to run
for an office, a County Judge, and the
man he was running against was mighty
smart and shifty and so they both were
entertaining everybody and anybody;
and the day before the election there
were about thirty to entertain at my
mother's table, and most of 'em were
vagabonds of the neghborhood, and they
eat and eat, and my poor mother could
not cook enough for 'em ; and at last
when one fellow sent up his cup for more
coffee the seventh time, my indiguant
mother said, 'No, sir, there's no more
coffee for you?you shall not make a hog
of yourself at my table.
Well, that settled it. The fellow got
mad aud narrated it all round among bis
associates, telling them that he had been
refused a cup of coffee, and my father got
beat seventeen votes. He was glad of it
afterwards, and said it cured him of poli?
tics and a hankering after office. It is
amusing to hear my mother tell of her
experience in keeping open house for
those sovereigns during that election can?
vass. I was a lad of boy; and remember
an old man who had a twisted mouth and
ho talked ou' of a little hole away round
on the side. I ventured to step up and
asked him how came his mouth twisted,
and he laughed right under his ear and
said he used to drink whisky, and be
loved it so good that one night ho had
the ear ache and bis wife poured a little
whisky in il to cure i', and his month
wanted the whisky so bad it twisted away
VOLUM]
round to get it, and he never could get it
back any more.
But when a man gets to be a patriarch
and has a big lot of married children
and score or two of grand-children, he
has to keep house for them, if for no?
body else. We are doing that now,
cooks or no cooks. Everybody helps a
litlle when tbey come, and the work goes
on lively, for they all know we are poor,
that is to say, not rich, but not quite as
poor as Judge Underwood says he is.
'William, my friend,' said he, 'I am just
everlastingly obliged to have five dollars,
for I tell you we are out of rations, and
these shortwinded merchants won't sell
on a credit. I tell you I am poor?
POOR! Lazarus was a banker and note
shaver compared with me.'
We can't hire cooks now a days, for
these free niggers bad rather beg or steal
or starve than cook. About a hundred
of 'em stood around the commissary in
Atlanta the other day demanding charity,
and when the white folks offered to hire
'em they wouldent hire. I was reading
Da Chaillu'a travels in Africa, and he
says the nigger chiefs who took a liking
to him always gave him ten or a dozen
women cooks to follow him around. This
was the highest honor they could do him,
and he was obliged to take 'em or give
offense, and so by the time he got through
their kingdom he had 128 cook3. Good
gracious! 128 cooks for one man, and
now we con't get one cook to 128 men.
That solves the problem. We have
civilized these niggers up to standard
above cooking, and now let us send over
there and buy another lot and put them
in training. Du Chaillu says those
chiefs will sell 'cm for beads and jews
harps. Bill Arp.
Little Jessie's Awful Fate.
Wicuita, Kan., Nov. 20.?Poor little
baby Jessie, the two year old daughter,
of Mr. and Mrs. Hickmeyer, is dead, and
her mother is a raving lunatic. The
infant fell down a well tube on Thursday
last at Lcoli. By means of a rope, to
which a hook was attached, it was found
that she was seventy feet below the sur?
face, caught fast in the tube, which was
twelve inches iu diameter, tapering to
eight inches at a depth of eighty feet.
The hook caught on to the baby's cloth?
ing, and she was pulled up thirty feet,
only to fall back with a piteous cry.
Other attempts to hook the child failed,
though her calls were frequently heard.
It was then decided to dig down through
the sandy soil, and if possible reach that
portion of the tube where the baby was.
The work was long and difficult. Day
and night the rescuers labored. The
mother stood by nearly all the time, with
little rest and scanty nourishment.
When it grew too dark to dig by daylight
lanterns were furnished, and with untir?
ing energy and zeal the brave band went
on excavating, impelled by the tears and
prayers of the frantic mother. At 3
o'clock this afternoon the spot where the
child was caught was reached. It was
seventy-two feet from the surface. The
iron tubing was cut with chisels and the
child was taken out, but it was dead and
bad been for some time. When the cold
corpse was given to the mother she fell
down in a dead faint. When she recov?
ered consciousness her reason had gone.
More Than He Bargained For.
John R. McLean is very fond of a joke
and has the good sense to appreciate one
at his own expense. One day he was
walking rapidly with a friend along a
street. At the corner he saw a very
hardup-looking old man on the opposite
corner gazing listlessly into vacancy.
"Watch me surprise this old fellow,"
said be to bis friend; "look right into
hia face and see if he won't be a study."
A Becond later tbey were abreast the
old chap, when John pulled a silver coin
out of his pocket and said, as be thrust
it into the old man's hand:
"Here's that quarter I owed you. Now,
don't go around any more telling people
I don't pay my debts. I always speak
well of you, and you have no reason to
do otherwise by me."
For a second the old man's face was a
study. He was amazed at the unlooked
for kindness, and then, as its purport
. dawned upon him, he touched his tatter?
ed hat and said:
"God bless your anner, I'll never say
another word agin ye, but" (and here his
eyes twinkled merrily) "are ye sure it
wasn't two quarters yez owed me ?"
The friend roared and, as McLean red?
dened to the roots of his hair, exclaimed:
"Oh, pay the man in full. Don't try
to beat him out of a quarter."
The Irishman got auother quarter in
addition to the first.?Cmcinnati Commer?
cial.
Confederate Soldiers Should be Pen?
sioned.
A movement is making in South Caro?
lina to secure pensions for Confederate
veterans who are disabled or in need,
and a committee of three of the old
soldiers ba3 been appointed in each
county to urge upon the incoming Legis?
lature an appropriation for this purpose.
It will be a hard hearted and unpatriotic
legislature that can resist the importuni?
ties of a cripple, battle-scared lobby like
this. The movement is a good one; and
all the Southern States should follow
South Carolina's example. Not that the
men who fought for the "Lost Cause"
should be rewarded on that particular
account, but they should certainly re?
ceive some aid in their declining years
for the sacrifices they endure in a cauie
that they were compelled to support and
for the heroic valor with which they up?
held the flag of the Southern Confeder?
acy throughout a long and weary strug?
gle. They represented the martial vir?
tues and the patriotic instincts of our
common American manhood, and on that
account, if no other, deserve the appre?
ciative sympathy of their fellow-citizens.
The South should do for itself what the
General Government has so generously
done for the soldiers of the Union.?
Washington Critic.
? Tbrce million women work for
money in this country; the other millious
make the men work for it.
? The woman who weds with a tippler
should prepare l:rreell !?? li?v with :i
.nkard.
2 XXIII.?NO. 21.
One Hundred Miles in Twelve Hour*
on Horseback.
No man loved an alibi better than Jim
Brown, known in Ohio's past history as
"Chief of the Counterfeiters of Cuyiho
ga." This baud of outlaws dealt chiefly
in bogus money, and their favorite way
of escaping justice was by proving sn
alibi. The band was so numerous, to
scattered, and withal so loyal, that any
sort of evidence to show that a defendant
was somewhere else than at the place of
the alleged crime at the time of its com?
mission was always forthcoming from
the mouth of witnesses who often stocd
high in the community for veracity. To
prove an alibi Jim Brown once rode
horseback from Pittsburg, Pa., to Bo3ton,
Summit County, Ohio, a distance of about
100 miles, in one night. The officers
arrived at Boston, Brown's home, a few
hours after his own arrival. They
arrested him. On his trial several wit?
nesses swore they saw him at sundown
the day previous to his arrest at Pitts
burg. These witnesses also identified
his horse. On the defence Brown proved
by a score of good witnesses that he was
at borne at sunrise the morning of his
arrest, and that his horse was fresh and
sleek that day as though it had not been
ridden for a month. The Court held
that Brown could not have ridden the
distance in that time, and discharged
him. But he did ride it, and afterward
told how it was done. Finding himself
certain to be arrested if he stayed in
Pittsburg a certain night, ho saddled his
horse?a splendid animal?and as soon
as it was dark started out on his wild ride
of 100 miles. For the first thirty miles
his horse kept steadily and bravely to
his work. Then Brown noticed by the
irregular reach and labored breathing
that the terrible strain was telling upon
the faithful brute. At.--dre next tavern
Broaa^fUeliieJ 11 bTut of whiskey and,
putting half of it into a small quantity
of water, gave it to the horse. Then on
the road again, his willing animal work?
ing more steadily. At every hill he
would dismount and run beside his horse
till it was passed, then on and away, to
stop at the nexftavern to give his horse
more whiskey and water. In this way,
galloping furiously along levels, running
on foot up and down hills, and stimula?
ting his steed with all the caution a
skillful physician would bestow upon a
patient critically sick?he reached his
home before daybreak, where a confeder?
ate was found to devote hh entire atten?
tion to the jaded horse, while Brown
purposely showed himself to as many
neighbors as possible, who testified as be?
fore stated.
Getting Up Ghastly Statistics.
Investigations recently made in the
War Department at Washington show
that the late American civil war was
relatively the most sanguinary on record.
Though the Federal and Confederate
returns are not altogether exact, the war
office is able to give a close approximate
estimate of the killed, wounded and
missing in the Federal forces. According
to the statistics, 297,823 Union soldiers
lie buried in the various national ceme
teries. Including losses of which no
account can be taken, tho war cost the
North 320,000 lives, or more than one in
nine of all those who entered the service.
The two opposing armies met in over
2 000 skirmishes and battles. In 14S of
those conflicts the loss on the Federal
side was upward of 500 men, and in at
least ten battles more than 10,000 were
reported lost on each side. The com?
bined losses of the Federal Jand Confed?
erate forces in killed, wounded and miss?
ing in the following engagements were :
Shiloh, 24,000; Antietam, 38,000; Stone
River, 37,000; Chancellorsville, 28,000;
Gettysburg, 54,000Chickamauga, 33,
000; McClellan's peninsular campaignr-*
50,000; Grant's peninsular campaign,
1S0,000; and Sherman's campaign, 125,
000.
Waterloo was one of the most desper?
ate and bloody fields chronicled in
European history, yet Wellington's cas?
ualties were less than 12 per cent., while
during the American war the loss at
Murfreesboro', Atlanta, Chickamauga,
Gettysburg and other places frequently
reached, and sometimes exceeded, 40 per
cent., and the average of killed and
wounded on one side or the other was 30
per cent. If the figures- of the Confed?
erate losses could be accurately ascertain?
ed, the total deaths in the late war would
probably surpass 500,000. It is not a
little curious that the losses and captured
men of the Federals?who were victo?
rious in the struggle?almost equaled the
whole of the Confederate forces.
A Well-Digger's Experience,
The following thrilling experience of
Gus Hardy, a well known negro well
digger, is well authenticated and is worth
recording: Several years ago he was en?
gaged in cleaning out a well partly walled
with rock. Without warning the well
caved in upon him. The rocks fell in
such position as to pinion him so he could
not move, but at the same time kept the
dirt from crushing or suffocating him.
While he could not make himself heard,
yet he could hear every word that the
excited crowd above said. Imagine his
horror when he learned that they consid?
ered him certainly dead and determined
to wait until the next morning to get his
body out! What physical and mental
agony he endured during the long hours
until the crowd returned next morning is
simply unspeakable. Some one suggest?
ed that the well was no good, and that as
the negro was dead, it would save digging
a grave to fill up the well and leave the
negro in it. Gus listened with an agon?
ized heart and bated breath for the an?
swer to this suggestion. The owner of
the place replied: "No, I don't want any
d?n nigger buried in my yard; I shall
have him dug out." Gus says: "I asked
God to bless dat man for dem sweet
words, and prayed to de Lawd for to keep
him in dat notion." Gus Hardy is still
alive in the flesh, and despite his awful
experience continues in the business of
cleaning out and digging wells.?Hart'
well Sun.
? Those who always Bpeab well of
women do not know them enough;
those who always spenk ill of them do
not know them at all.