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<>r protecting tii" life <>f a prisoner ' while Iii Iiis ? ?study; when a sheriff al- | lows, du- mol? to usurp the law und , barbarously take the life of u human being?then then- Is no quest I ?n In toy mind but thai n penalty shoul be pro- ' vlded for such derelletlon V duty. I sun Of the opinion that this should be remedied by such legislation as would [ indict a penalty for neglect of such duty, the penalty to include removal from otliei of the offender when such extreme treasures are r< ndcred neces sary for tie proper vindication of the law. 1 read 11' recognise the fn? : that oc casions soi.iet lines arise when the use of troops is il? cessary. but 1 am equal ly sure I Mat the growing tendency to; ask for e h assistance should t? stopped. T?* ders should h< made to liitderstun fact that ho expense : u ill I lu lin; them to pun- . islun< . last year for a ! special 'ppress lynching, and though provided, I felt It my rP" ? ?*, to make an at lern; . very lynching that has iphold the dignity of the . >ndeavorlog to bring the off ende? justice. In unter to effect this I li? .- had lo exceed my con tingent fund, as i will explain later in I special message, t feel sun- that m. > so expended was well used ami , will do mueh to upheld law ami order in South iiirolina. A special coiitln gcii? fund In be used foi tins purpose i?> the governor Is. in my opinion, a n?) sMiy. ibid I reeomineud, there- \' for*', that you appropriate sie b an amount as you may deem proper i>> be so used. I have notice)I with much gratifica tion the awakening of ti healthy pub lic sentiment agaii st lym hfngs and law lessness throughout the State ami a growing d?terminai ion that this evil h shall cease. Our people are realising*1 tin* fa< I that the reputation of a Slate , as fully determines its inlluence and . power, at home and abroad, as the I chnractei of a cltisen d?termines his standing among bis fellow men. We . can hope loi much from the aroused ' conscience of public opinion, maul-! festatiuns >)f which are reflected Inj tin pulpit and by the press, and echoes h )>i which are heard throughout then State. Especially true und gratify- i ing Is this as Is evidenced by the or- ! gnuisution of Law ami Order leagues, , with members numbered among our; representative cliisonshlp'. From this; source we have a right to expect : mueh, and we will all unite in the i hope that their crusade for law ami ' order will have far-reaching benetical 1 and uplifting results. j Two AUtlftloiiiil .ludlcliil Circuit*. Among the measures which I urged at your last session was the recom mendation that you should abolish the i .n : providing fur sp?cial courts and I , that two additional Judicial circuits! should he established. I am Impressed, i more than ever, with the necessity 11 for the adoption of this reeommenda- I lion. The special courts have for the | past two years entailed an expenditure of twice the amount of the appropri ation, and the tendency seems to be i to hold these courts more frequently each year. For many reasons this pian nas not proved satisfactory, and 1 believe the demand is general for a repeal of the law. It seems that the necessary work cannot be accomplished with the present number of circuits, which have not been Increased In keeping with ' the growth of the State and the natural ]' increase in litigation. Realizing the 1 difficulties involved in redistrlctlng the ' Stnte so as lo secure two additional circuits. 1 have tried to devise other means of meeting the situation, but inn tlnd none which do not seem to ; conflict with the constitution. 1 there fore again recommend that the num ber of judicial circuits be increased from eight, ns at present, to 10, and that this be done at the present ses sion of your body. Formation of Nrw Cotmtlex. I desire to call your attention to a manifest conflict between the consti tution of 181>5. article vii. providing for the formation of new counties, and the act of the general assembly of 1806, page 64, section 1, incorporated as section 674 'of the Code of Laws of 1902. I This net provides that the sec tions of un old county or counties, de siring to bo Incorporated into a new county, shall simply file with the gov ernor a petition, signed by one-third of the qualified electors, setting forth the boundaries, the proposed name, number of Inhabitants, area and tax able property of the proposed new county. The constitution, however, provides that not only shall such a petition be filed, but that a showing of compliance should be made with the requirement of the article referred to. In passing upon such matters I have endeavored to follow the constitution, and have required that a showing be mnde In accordance with Its provi sions, but I would recommend that, at this session, you amend the statute law In order that It may conform with the obvious Intent and phraseology of the constitution. The state Uniipltnt for the Innnnr. The cure of the defective and depen dent is one of the most perplexing problems of modern civilized life. Many States support these dusses In dis tinct institutions, but in ou?* State they are kept in one only, riipd it ap pears that Buch is to be our policy for years to come. For this reason, with a. grow'in*? population, we must exoect I a large number of admissions to "the State hospital for the insane, which, since its opening In 1828, has received lunatics, idiots and epileptics and?by subsequent legislation?inebriates. In making comparisons of the cost of the care of this institution with those of other States it is well to remember the conglomerate character of our State hospital. In going through the wards of the hospital one cannot but be struck by the large number or old peo ple who cannot be strictly considered insane, but who are really suffering from the infirm It leu of age. The feel ing of sadness which one must experi ence in contemplating the fact Is re lieved Dy the reflection that the State thus offers her protection to the aged and helpless to whom fate has denied the blessings of home and loved ones. Nearly B50 new patients have been admitted during the past year, while the dally average number of patients in the asylum has been 1,210, and the total number under cure during the year is 1,710. The erection of the Taylor building two years ago gave more room for white men; in two wards, where near ly 70 white women are maintained, are still kept in the same building the ne gro women, and the single rooms for this class, many of them, are occu pied by two patients. The conditions have been such that the boord of re gents has felt the imperative neces sity of striving to complete at once the Talley building, for the exclusive use of white women. An appropriation of $10.000 was made last year for this purpose, it being then understood that the total cost Of the building would be about $30,000.00. This structure is now nearly, complet ed and wdll afford much needed re lief to the class whioh appeals first to our sympathies. A deficit of be tween $13.000 and $14.000 still exists, owing to the necessities of the situa tion. You will be asked by the board Of regents to appropriate the sum of $14, 0ui>. which amount, in .regular routine, would have come Before you this year for the completion of the building, and in this request I heartily con cur. The amounts asked by the board for support. Insurance, at:d other , inci dental expenses appear as. reasonable 7 to mo as , they could. possibly be in the circumstances, and.. I recommend that the . amounts be appropriated as requested. I cannot close this : brief summary without sincerely commend ing the excellent care and management -which is. given to this Institution by the superintendent and?h(s, p?workers. Here, are united tender A sympathies," thoughtful consideration and practical, business ability, thus making this asy luin, in tli> strength of its highest !ii(<ls. till well tii" h urn une purposes for which it is maint.lined. Penitent lur>*. In reference t" the conclillou ol the penitentiary. I would refer you to the reporta <>f the superintendent and the hoard of directors. During the past two years I have availed myself of op portunities to observe this institution closely, and nm glud to say that it is excellently managed. The convicts arc well treated, and the discipline Is equal io that of any similar Institu tion. The he,alth of tin- inmates, with the exception of some cases of tuber < iilusls?many of which were contract ed before the convicts were commit ted- has been excellent hiring the past year. A new building has been nearly completed, as quarters for the officers and guards, and 1 understand that It is tin intention of the board during the present year to make another val uable addition, a building In which con victs suffering from tuberculosis may be separated from the others. It is the purpose to have this building con st! mi nd upon modern hyglenh am] sanitary principles, and 1 am gratified in note that from year lo year such Improvements are being added as tend tu make this a model institution of Its kind. Abundant crops has.- been made upon the state farms, ami from these crops the Slate has nalr/ed a hand some profit. The farms are valuable for more reasons than one; for, be sides being a paying investment, con victs who cannot be employed either upon the publie ronds or in the peni tentiary cm be here utilized. I would especially commend the work which is belli? done at the reformatory for young convicts. This In one of the best features of our penal institution, ami should lie maintained as a valuable adjunct to our prison system. In this connection. I have noticed with much gratification a movement by the South Carolina Federation ol Wo men's (iubs for the establishment of nil industrial school and reformatory for such white boys as may need the rare of such an institution. If these unfortunate ones, drifting into va grancy and degradation, could be help ed and strengthened bv the training ami ? are of such a school, untold good would be accomplished. Not only would they be kept from association with hardened criminals, but sheltered and feeling that tiny were eared for, with uplifting and helpful influences, many drifting ones could be trained for lives of service and usefulness. There Is needed work to do, and even a small beginning now would bring fruit ful results In ycnrH to come. Stale Hoard of Health. Experience has clearly shown me thai the manifold duties and great re sponsibilities devolving upon this board are neither understood, nor are they properly appreciated, by the pub lic generally. Constant calls arc made upon the board, which, were they re sponded to in the manner desired, would require the expenditure of a very much larger sum than is now appropri ated. Under such circumstances, no matter how faithfully the members endeavor to perform their duty, they cannot satisfactorily accomplish all they are asked to do. The principal difficulty confronting them is that they are so often expected, not only to prevent the spread of contagious dis eases, but are asked to care for and uure those suffering from such dis eases, which procedure would entail an enormous expense. With the appropri ation they have had at their disposal, to prevent the spread of contagious diseases is all they can be expected to accomplish. How this can best be done Is a question to be considered. The report of the Hoard contains state ments of grave Importance, and also has a number of recommendations. A careful reading of this report will show that the proper care of the public health Is a matter of much greater Importance than Is generally thought. I believe that more efficient service could be rendered were the board empowered to elect a physician, as an executive sec retary, giving this officer such salary as would enable him to devote his en tire time to matters concerning the public health. If no larger appropria tion mn be secured, rather than have this prevent the election of such an officer, I believe It would be wise to have set apart from the present appro priation Mich an amount us would be necessary for this purpose. The board recommends that the quar antine stations In the Stute be trans ferred to the United States Public Hculth and Marine Hospital Service, and, for many reasons, in this recom mendation I concur. Ntnte Oonrd of Medical Examiner*. This Board desires certain changes in .the law governing the practice of medicine in the State, which changes appear to me to be most desirable. Our present law requires the board to meet in April, but the request Is made that thiB date be changed to June, for the reu.?m that all of the colleges will then "nave finished their commence ments. It is also desired that the li cense fee, which is now very small, be Increased.to a reasonable amount. This will warrant an Increased appropria tion, amounting to $500.00, ' which amount is needed Jto defray the ex penses of this boaiw. I Join in these requests and recom mend that the changes be made. The State GeoIOfKlMt. The establishment of this department a few years ago was an Important move, where such a step was certainly necessary. The full and complete re port made by State Geologist Sloan merits your careful attention. Here are clearly shown the vast and valuable mineral resources of our State, very many of which ure- practically unde veloped. Some of these deposits have no equal of their kind in the United states, and are attracting attention In many directions where profitable re sults must follow. Phosphate rock, in the form of phos phatlzed marl, torn from the bed of the ocean by the waves, and stranded along the beach, has been discovered in Horry county. This contains 57 per cent, of calcic potash, and the boulders aro large, with promise of large quan tities on adjacent territory. In gold mining, the activity and In crease is marked, und a study of the Gaffney tin deposits, "whh;h consti tutes the most valuable tin area yet discovered in the United States.!' re veals again the growing and fruitful development of a splendid field. The Stute geologist la zealous in hie work, and is i actively and systemati cally canvassing the entire State In his labors. It in expected that hie good work will be further enhanced by the early coop?ration of the United States geological survey in the work of stream measurements. Hnllrond Commlaalon. 'The annual report from' vthjs Im portant department of our State gov ernment will be found on your desks, and I commend it to your considera tion. The report contains much valu able . Information concerning which H is not necessary for ' me to refer tc specifically, but which is well worthy .of .your careful, attention.. .In It-will appear, the gross earnings and the net Income of the ratlroadn, and th? taxes paid by these corporations. Sim ilar statements are made, concerning .the operations,'of. the express, "tele graph and telephone companies doing business within our,State, for. the fiscal year ending June .10. .1904. The magni tude at these, '.ute.rests, from all oi their varied standpoints, Is self-evident and any recommendations contained Ir this' report should; be. carefully exam ined and acted upon.,.. . ; , flood nond*. Last ytar, Jn.,,my, message. X felt il necessary to dwell at ?orn? length upor the subject or ow. public hl?h$ay>j and . X recommended , B?ch, legislation as would give the counties th? right by majority vote, either to Issue bonds or to levy an annual tax for road im provement. No action was taken upoi this Important matter ami 1 now re new my former recommendation. This in :i subject <>f the utmost im portance to all tin- people?a subject in which Is included much more than the improvement of our roads. Tin- ben efits to be derived, from any point of view, are numerous, and Ktrong bus iness consid?r?t Ions make it Impera tive that this valuable work should be properly attended to. Reunion*. Th" largest appropriation made by your body is for the care of the Con federate veterans. This amount seems large when compared with the total appropriation, but when viewed In an other light we cannot hut feel that we would like to do much more for tin- old soldiers who In years that have gone did so much for their State and their country. The total number of pension ers on the rolls this year was F>,554, and $H>7,309.42 was the amount distributed among them. The law. generally speaking, is working satisfactorily, but in reference to certain classifications it is believed that improvement can bo made, and the comptroller-general will spec! heal I.v direct your attention to tie- proposed changes. Anything pertaining to the proper tare of the veterans <>f the Confederacy will. I am sure, have your most thoughtful consideration. We owe them a deep und lasting debt of gratitude, and to rare for those who, in their old age and declining days, need this eure, should be. as It Is. a privilege and one of tlie llrst duties of our people. Illeiinlnl S<-hn1oiim. AI your preceding . session an amendment to the constitution pro viding for biennial sessions of your body having been agreed upon. It was submitted to the qualified electors of the State at the general election, a ma jority of whom voted In favor of this amendment. Believing as I do that i biennial sessions will afford all nvces- j sary legislation, und will result in a retrenchment of expenses. I trust you will ratify tins vote in order that the amendment may become effective. I Should this be done, you should, at : this session, take such action as may I be necessary to adjust ami conform! I ot her parts of our constitution ami I statutory law to the change wrought ! by the enactment providing for bien i uiu) sessions. I In this connection I shall submit a I recommendation which I deem most ; Important. For many reasons it would ! be wiser ami better to have all of your State officers elected for a term of I four years, not allowing them to suc ceed themselves. The reasons for such a change are obvious, and do not need to he her?? discussed. The expense and necessary neglect of duty incident to conducting a campaign every two years Is alone almost sufficient reason for the. proposed change, and the people should*] jalso he spared the loss of time and the Inconvenience's of too frequent enm i palg'ns. I am firmly convinced of the I fact that the best Interests of the I State would be subserved by making I this change In our constitution, and I ! recommend it to your favorable ac tion. PhOMpbnteM. i regret to report to you that the mining of phosphate rock in our rivers'] has, for the present at least, practi cally ceased. Only two companies are now at work and operations are con ducted to a limited degree. In the vi cinity of Ueaufort no work whatever Is being done. During the past year several appli cations were made for a reduction of the royalty, which Is now 25 cents per ton. The board of phosphate commis sioners, after considering the "matter, declined to grant this request for the reason that the royalty Is now ho small that no further reduction would be likely to encourage mining. An addi tional reason for this was the fact that the royalty has been pledged to the holders of the bonds of the Stute, and the board felt that without their consent they would not be Justified in | making the reduction requested. A to- | tal royalty of only 310,734.00 was re- i reived for the last fiscal year. Protect Ion of Flab and Uyxter Interestn. These Interests are of far more Im portance to oyr State than seems to be realized, and at present they are practically neglected. It should be the policy of the State to develop these re sources by affording that protection which is absolutely necessary to pre vent them from being destroyed. With proper care these Interests could be mado a. valuable source of revenue to the Stat?. The difficulty in legislating upon this subject has always been a lack of such information as was neces sary to make efficient and at the same time practical laws. Until such in formation can be furnished and such laws suggested nothing. In my opinion, will be done. I recommend, therefore, that a commission be appointed whose duty it shall be to make a thorough examination of this tubject, to report at your next session. Silk CuKnve. The United States, with an annual product amounting to about $125,000, 000.00, is the largest silk manufacturing country In ths world. It has been practically demonstrated that our climate is admirably adapted to silk culture, and If this were undertaken properly It would result in bringing a moat desirable cluss of foreign silk growers, here. All necessary materials for ?ilk culture can be obtained free/ and the government will buy, at high est market rates.. nil encoona rnJRari In the United States. ' In 1902 the cocoon crop.of Italy sold for $35,615, 400.00, and this value of cocoons is more than quadrupled when manu factured. A silk crop can be raised, gathered and marketed in. five Weeks, and in South Carolina this would be finished by the first or second week in April. As a profitable and desired addition to our diversified crops, I .think this an important subject for our careful consideration. . The Mjome of the state Houae. During the past year the commission for the completion of the State, house reported to. me that, In the-discharge of their duty, they had cause, to fear that, the dome of the State house was In tin unsafe condition. The commis sion requested me to take immediate steps to have the dome examined. By agreement, it was decided, that I should , apply to the secretary pf the treasurv to secure the services of a competent engineer for this purpose, .'I did so, and the secretary promptly aided me by sending Mr. Kort Berl?, chief structural, engineer In the- office of the supervising architect of the treasury department. Mr. Berle made a careful examination and reported that the dome was safe, which report .I transmitted to the com mission.' Protection ot State Records. The secretary of State asked last year for an appropriation, \to b? used in suitably equipping his office with fireproof* record cases. The offices of the State treasurer and of the comp troilexrgeneral also stand much !n nsed of similar improvement. Valuable doc uments of State are kept In these offi ces, and money properly in vested -in permanent improvements would be .weil spent.: v I trust that you. will, give this matter your attention? and I recommend that you appropriate the amounts necessary. ... . . ' ' Coacttaslora. In as. brief apace as possible I have ejnde?yored to give .you information concerning the most Important -depart ments of our State government,. ?nrt hSfVe made jtoir .your consideration stich recommendations as appear to me to be necessary and important. I rejoice to add that progress and prosperity continue to bless us, with .the upllftr Ihg influences that qome front ; the-ear nest labors of a united people. The welfare of, ftouth craroHna.,la^wi? k'eealng and much hope for itT, Fout- Keying and, much hoW^ori her futura 'will depend upon tK- .**. suits of your deliberation*, :Thf?$R?k once a temple erectcd with no sounds slouWheateand aisofdef, without noise and strife. Imbued with this spirit, with ti ti i t?'<l /.fill and devotion may you <iu11 yourselves ilk*- men. may your de liberations ado ti? tin- upbuilding of our com mon wealth; may they contribute to the reign of law ami order, to the peace and happiness of our people', and to the dignity and honor of our State. I). C. irEVWARD, Governor. WILL HELP FARMERS TO HOLD THEIR COTTON Virtcluln-Curollna C'omi<any'M I'renldrot tilvc? Instruction?? to Ai?entK? I.eRn Aercntce Kecoiumetided. S. T. Morgan, president of the Vir ginia-Carolina Chemical companyi h?? written a letter of iiiHtructlon to the sale? division managers of the com pany which I? of Interest to cotton? growers because of the Information contained. Mr. Morgan does not ad vise farmers either to hold cotton or sell, but he does advise lesB acreage and cultivation. He Hays: The treasurer of this company is having mo many requests to extend the notes of some of our customers and patron?, who have not finished paying their bills, and who desire to hold their cotton, stating that they believe they will get more for the cotton later on, that this company has concluded to Issu<- a general letter c.i the subjest, as follows: Any farmer or merchant who may be owing your division money and who has cotton which lie desires to hold, you are at liberty to extend his note for him for six months from Jan. 1st, with Interest at tho rate of 6 per cent, per annum, provided he will de posit sufficient cotton to pay the note In any reliable warehouse and will turn over to you warehouse receipts for same. -You are authorized to pay the insurance on said cotton and make no charge agulnst your customer for this item. vVe do not pretend to offer advice to our customers to ho'.d cotton, but we do intend to offer them every facility und accommodation in our power to hold their cotton, if, in their good judgment, It is best. Whatever Inures to the benefit of the agricultural classes of the south is to our benefit: nur Interest is Identical with theirs. We are more closely and intimately connected with the cotton grower of the south than any dozen other con cerns combined. They are our cus tomers in the purchase of fertilizers, and we are their customers in the pur chase of cotton seed. We both sell and buy of them, and deal In every cotton growing county from Texas to Virginia. Therefore, anything that will Improve the agricultural conditions or help the farmer.must necessarily'bene fit us, and If holding their cotton will be a benefit to them, It is our desire to aid them In this as far as ve can. Other farm products, aside *; 'i cot ton, appear to us to be selling ut very full vulue8. and we bellevo It would be wise in the farmers to sell any of their other surplus farm products which would materially aid them in holding their cotton. We also are of the opinion that the acreuge last year devotfd to cotton was too large, and that It never could have been cultivated In a normal sea son. The good weather during the spring enabled the farmers to culti vate every acre they planted; conse quently the tremendous big crop of this year. As ordinarily It. would be Impossible to cultivate such an enor mous acreage, we believe it would be wise in them this year to materially decrease the acreage. If it was de creasecLlO per cent, it would mean a reduction' of more than a million bale** next year, even If.the crop yielded as much per acre as it did this year. It strikes us that what the farmer wants is to make his cotton at the lowest possible cost. The profit de rived from growing cotton is not sa much the price of cotton as the cost at which the crop has been grown. Mules and horses ore high, much high er than a few years ago; the price of farm labor is high and scarce. There fore every acre cultivated means a large expenditure. It costs more to j cultivate an ocr? of land growing a I quarter of ? bale of cotton than one growing a bale. In the latter instance the plant soon grows up and shades the land, consequently the grass does sot grow, so rapidly or luxuriantly. The cheapest item that can be used in the production of,, cotton is com-, mercial fertilizers, used liberally. With a (liberal application of fertilizers the farmer can grow a bale of cotton where he has heretofore grown half a bale, and do it with the same cost of mules and labor, and the additional quantity of seed grown will more than, pay for th? extra amount of fertilizers used. Therefore, encourage your cus tomers to reduce their acreage and to increase the amount of commercial fertilizers per acre, believing as ... we do that this is the way and the only way to miae cheap cotton. i The south must continue to produce around 11,000,000 btiles of cotton or they will find Id a year or two the balance of the world competing with them in growing this staple and our foreign market largely supplied from sources that now produce but a limited quantity. WORK OP BEAUFORT COURT. I Three Persona were Convicted for Vio lating the Dispensary Low. . Beaufort, Jan. S.?The court of . gen eral sessions, Judge D. A. Townserid presiding, convened hero on Monday morning. The following cases were disposed of: , , Kit Byas, found fr?llty of larceny* from the fieldi recommended to mercy. Lee Johnson, guilty of violating the dispensary law, 1100 or three months on chain gang. Warren White, guilty of violating the : dispensary law. $100 or three months, on chalngang. t < George Singleton, charged with mur der; notj guilty. Hannah Ad kin b, guilty of violating dispensary law. Motion for new triai [granted. r : , John Williams, guilty of assault and battery of a high and aggravated na ture. ^Sentence reserved. '- ' ' Henry Williams, guilty of breach ot trust.. 91 and one year on. chalngang. George Hiddleton, cahrged with mur .der, not guilty/ W. S, Tillinghast for the defense. : On. Tuesday his honor signed an order excusing Solicitor Jas. K. Davis from further attendance upon ; court and. appointed Hon. Wm. J. Thomii so Hcltor pro tem..-; Alonso McCIaln charged with grand larceny, was granted a continuance, with permission tb enter recognizances in the sum of $250, : The grand Jury made a. Special, pre sentment against S. S. Deas for carry ing ? oonccaled weapon in e^ort- ?fis honor 'referred th? case, to Magistrate White, who fined Deas ,22.00, includ ing cost, which was paid. ' \* Three of . the six persons charged With Violating the dispensary la vir -wero found guilty. As tew Couvlctfoit* have heretofore been obtained for su to vlo Thls meets : - the hearty approval of ; all who believe that the law oho?td be riaidiy Enforced; - -.yy, j , s . The- grand jury's presentment con tains matter* or special importance :?? the comity's welfare, and is considered one of th? rhost lucid ?ud pointed lrr the history of the county. Mr. Julian kop?a was foreman. . chorus of the Me trope *A company who' W^L to be recovering today. LUMINOUS IIS Mr. VTm. A. Barbe^ of New of Interest In Co College's Following is ihe address delivered1 last night at the State house by Mr. j WYm A. Barber of New York, gradu ate of the class of 1889 at the South Carolina college and subsequently at torney general or Hie State or Soutn Carolina: I can not proceed without llrst ex pressing to my fellow members of tho Clnriosophlc society my keen apprecia tion of the Invitation which calls me from the busy scenes of professional life In a diBtant city to participate In these pleasant exercises. To those bearing close relat'rn to the South Carolina college, whether as trustees, members of the faculty, stu dents or alumni, this celebration is of peculiar Interest. To the trustees, It Is an Inspiring reminder that they are the successors in trust of John Dray ton. Charles C. Pinckney, Henry W. DeSaussure, the first Wade Hampton and their associates on the board under whose direction the col'ege was opened. Upon members of the faculty, !t mu?t Impress an ennobling sense of the re t sponslblllty of those who sit in the places of Jonathan Maxcy and Enoch Hanford. To her foster sons, It brings memories of tender associations in the days of our youth and we gladly gath er on her centennial birthday to lay garlands of affection in the lap of our alma mnter. But the occasion has a broader and more general slgnllicnn??? It com memorates the laying: of the corner stone in a system of intelligent public Instruction through which the State be came a power for the upbuilding of her : people. Origin und Founding: of the Collcice. Holling back the curtain of history a little more than a century, we see South Carolina divided into two dis i tinct sections, socially and politically antagonistic. j In the lower country, the English along the seacoast, the Frohen. Protest ants on the Santee, the German Pro testants on the JEdisto, the Irish in Williamsburg and the Sv/iss on the Savannah had in three generations been moulded into one people, united In purpose and harmonious la sym pathy. Their planters had become weal thy; their merchants were prosperous: their homes were refined and their chil dren were educated. Many of their sons had graduated from the leading uni versities of Europe and the colleges of the north. The upper country, now the pride of the State, boasted no such attainments. While lower Carolina was enjoying its first century of civilization, the wood clad hills and fertile valleys of the up per country remained the habitation and hunting ground of the Cherokees and Catawbas. Save for a few hunters, trappers and Indian traders, settlement of the region north of Columbia did not begin until about 1750. But in the years immediately following, the influx of settlers was great and population rapidly ^increased. From the southward a colony of Hu guenots moved into the western section, while into all upper Carolina poured trains of immigrants, chiefly Scotch Irish, but including some Quakers and Germans moving from the north. Each brought fixed, social, political and re ligious views, disagreeing among them selves, and all hostile to the views of the people in th? lower section. To assimilate all these different and differing elements into,a homogeneous citizenship was the most serious prob lem of that day. Sagacious statesmen saw that not only the progress, but the very'safety .of the State, depended up on educating and unifying the peo ple. The first effort In this direction was the establishment in 1785 of three colleges, one at, Charleston, one at Cambridge, and one at wlnnsboro. Of these, the first two signally failed and the progress made by the third scarce ly justified Its existence. But the re sult proved the futility Of several sepa rate institutions and suggested the necessity of one central college, to be controlled and supported by- the State, where young men from every section and of every creed should be ! taught to lay.their prejudices on the altar of patriotism and drown their dlffor?nees in a fount of common knowledge. ~ In 1801, Gov. John Drayton urged up on the legislature the establishment of such a college at Columbia: - Chancel lor DeSaussure, then a member of the house. Introduced - the . bill, which, though It met w?t?r ?troTig opposition, was passed on December 19, 1801. In February of the following' yeari the board of trustees organized and. began their work. Impressed with the Im portance of their task, they gave.earn est thought and' constant attention to it, -By successive ateya 'a: site "was selected, puitabl? bu^ldrogs 'were con-, structed, ? working' ' organization ' was planned, a '' curriculum wad .arranged and on January 10,1805/100 years'tomorV row, the South Carolina college opened her doors; over which '.was inscribed that comprehensive and prophetic mot to "BJmplllt mpres. nec slrrdt esse feros." V*Phe nope of her' .founders' was to be speedily realized. Students from, every section- carried home J and- s'preadw the seeds.of patriotic impulse from which the State reaped a.rich harvest Edu cated intelligence 'asserted itself,. Con tention ceased. DIsseritlon disappeared. Sectionalism subsided. Th? peopl? were United and the State prospered. In his famous letter to Gov. Manning in- 1853, Dr. Thorrtwell said: **Those who have walked together in the seme paths of Science and taken awcet, coun sel in the same -halls of learning, who went arm m arm Jn that h a? lowed sea son, of life when the foundations of all excellence are laift; who have wept with the same sorrows or laughed with the same joys; who have been fired With the same ambition and lured with the same hopes and grieved with the same ' ? 1 s a pp ol n t m e n t b?t h e s e arc not the men in future years to stir up animosity or foment intestine feuds. Would ybu'ihake any commonwealth a unit? Educate its sons' together. This is the secret of the harmony which so A COLLEGE I AOT?V?MENT. York Presents Some Facts tinectipn With the ; Histpry. Dr. Maxcy-wes held by students of the college who knew him, stands the monument to his memory, erected In the middle of the cnmpu?. by the socie ty for which I have the honor to speak this evening. ? r-'-1.. . r- ' ?* * cj %-?.. . Since the days of the lyceum ut Athens, wherein Aristotle taught his peripatetic philosophy, all systems or great Institutions of learning have in, cluded associations for promoting fre? interchange of thought an'd unfettered exercise of intellectual powers. Follow ing the example of the universities of Europe and earlier established colleges in this country, the first students.of the South Carolina college organized such an association under the name, "Philo? mathic Literary Society." Of this or ganization there Is no complete recorc\ The historian of the college says, "This was sufficient for all the wants of the Infant institution, but as the number of students increased, the policy of di viding It Into two became apparent and accordingly In February, 1806. the Clari osophic und the Euphradian societies were organized." The manner of their separation is an interesting incident in college history. In the Philomathlc society were two brothers, James and Joseph Lowry of Chester, who were selected, by their associates to be leaders in the scheme of division. All the students ass?m b'.?d on the campus, where the Lowry brothers "threw head and tails for first choice" and by alternate selection made up the rolls ?f the Clariosophic and Eu phradlan societies. The fraternal spirit of that'patting, unbroken by years of generous rivalry, tonight inarkB their Joint centennial jubilee. Mr. President: If I were asked what feature of college life I consider of paramount importance to the*, average student, I should unhesitatingly reply, active membership In a well-conducted literary society. In the clas-e room, he may learn the truths of history, the dogmas of philosophy, the theories of science, the principles of mathematics and the etymology. of., languages. . .In the library, he may open a storehouse of literature and a treasury of art. In the laboratory, he may unfold nature's secrets and learn .the laws of their com bination. In the' gymnasium, he may develop a vigorous body, the necessary concomitant of a strong mind. . But in the literary society ; he finds a great arena for mental athletics, where 'the training of all departments is subject ed to the strain of impai tial test. There the student first lenrna to m<?n?ii'r^' Hio fellow man and comes the better to know, himself. There his genius is fired, by the flame of honorable com petition and he realizes that "mere possession of scientific truth is for its own sake valueless; and education is only education Is as much as It at once determines and enables the student to educate himself." "Man, who man Would be, Must rule the empire of himself?1n It Must b? supreme, .establishing his throne Of vanquished will, quelling the an archy . Of hopes and fears, being himself alone. V . The Joint history of the Clariosophic and the Euphradian societies in large measure constitutes the history of the college. It is divided by stirring events into three periods. D?ring the first period, covering an uninterrupted span Of nearly three score years, the administrations of Presidents Maxcy, B,arnweli, PreBton and Thornwell gave growth, strength and stability to the college. Barrrwell, Preston^ Thornwell! "What a succession of great - names! Barriwell?"him?elf a statesman?the comrade of senators, the counsellor of presidents, and the trusted friend of heroes. To the State his counsel was the voice' of wisdom. To his pupils his praise was honor,'his approbation was'strength, his . sym pathy was life and hope." Preston?th? popular Idol; the powerful orator, th? profound sehoTar. It was of him that Bishop Elliott said: "My tongue can not express the. charm which: has .al ways hung around the name of: Pres Jton, the charm to .the young, ;the charm to the -people, }the, charm to admiring senates. It demands his own felicitous languag?. None but the swan'can sing his own dying note." ThornwelV-cthe eloquent divine, the. eminent theolo gian, -the' exemplary teacher, i His .deep religious conviction? warm and earnest nature, magnetism of speech and great learning make him a leader in the church- hist s infiuende ?x "^o^ver f of. "occl In the world:and his life a benediction to .the college. Monuments of atone and marble < may decay'and. tablets of bronze and brass .may- perish, but. neither the: forces of nature rior any act of-Than can destroy, snch-& gr?/at example of public and private virtue. From 45 students :?t the,; beginning of 1805 the : attendance increased .until. th? enrollment linder? Mr.' Preston exceed ed 200; i But the course.\.yn?sr.hot all clear. The administration of Dr*?Coop er, th?-second,, president, was . a i.rock ?f danger,-threatening wreck to the. In stitution. Despite his almost entranc ing personality, wonderful Intellectual attainments;. unstained. j moral: \char acter . and unquestioned patrlot lsm, the .people feared hfs theories" an# shrank. from his' irreligious teachings.' Patropage was . withdrawn, fropi the college until the number of siudent? was reduced to 20. : For ? time the; v?ry life: of : the, institution was in, danger. ,But Dr. Copper retired, and, under the Wise, administration of his successors. confiaeiK-c- was restored and threatened ruin averted.1 A. career tqf. progress was resumed to be interrupted only by the dark shadow of . civil war, when- in response to their country's call, profes 1 ws and students deserted the class room for the tented Held. ; ;All exercises' were ..stopped and, for four; years- th? college buildings were converted 'into a hospital for.sick, wounded ah dying soldiers. R?constroctton Period. ,- With the-ending of that struggle, th? State, thougn Impoverished by the de vastating hand ot ' W?r> hastened to give of >wha't remui r.efl, sufficient 1 to re open the* college. A bill "to establish the University of South Carolina* wub introduced by the -'late -Honorable; Chdf - j t?s "H.c Slmontbn;* tlien a tt?mW*'Of legislature, and passed December 1865i "'Mr, BarnWMh was again ? * pr?sident and" under his wia? " aervativ?' mana^rneht th?*l__ continued even teihc^a.turbut?hll un^U .1873. Whwu we recall that- ' a part of this-time'the :Radi<rv lature . was convened on mm the house sitting in the ohapel > the Slbrary, using: < ih the ??ol?ty halls, wa stand tn?y ?tor?mev < WiUUie- Allege labe i f I from the ruin of alien misrule and Carolina's "grand old man," Wade v Hampton, eat in the-executive chair, attention was again directed to, hierher education. ' In 1880 the college wa?r reopened as the "College of Agricultural and Me chanical Arts," under which name it was conducted for: two yerirs. In 1882 an additional appropriation was made and. the ,college > reestablished on old lines. Dr. McBryde was chosen presi dent and with Lira as members of the faculty were Professors Woodrow, Pat ton. Joynea, Burney, Sloan, Alexander and 1/avls. What memories aprlnglfrbm'lhe as sociation of these names! They were all .my'revered masters and I cannot pass them without an expression of grateful remembrance, One now pre sides uver- a splendid Institution In a Bister State. Two nave retired from the uctlve labors of life, carrying- with them into their declining years, the affectionate regard of every man who sat at their feet. Three, yet In full vigor and strength, continue, after more than 20 years, to serve the college and State with marked ability. Two? William J. Alexander and R. Means Davis?have been called to the great beyond.' Who of those who entered his class room can fail to remember Dr. Alexander as a deep-thinking philosopher who tested truth /in the oruolble of reason, arid a scholar to whom logic was law? The last; Prof. Davis, left us but as yesterday. His name' will be written in the annals of the college as an accomplished histori an and a learifed economist To his studentp he was all that and more. He was our genial, kind, warm-hearted friend, ready to advise, reluctant to censure ' and always willing to assist us. Such wns the faculty with which the college began its-third period. . Event;) during the administrations of Presidents McBryde; Woodrow, 'Wood ward and Sloan are too recent to de mand or even Justify recital at this time. Nor is it appropriate to discuss the success already attained in. busi ness and. professional pursuits by men so lately graduated. But I owe it to my contemporaries to say that we of the younger alumni yield naught to our older brethren either in admiration for our preceptors or esteem for ,our as sociates., /ft in for the historian to say what flames* connected with the pres ent period shall in the future be coup led with those of earlier days whom we delight to honor and whom "the world will not let die." In looking buck over some of the names which adorn the college roll, I make no apology to either society for not distinguishing between Euphro dian and CiarloBophic. Their achieve ments are a Joint heritage of both so cieties. Their lives are like petals from the same, flower, .lines, from the same poem. Everywhere we see them?in the councils of the nation, In public offices of the State, on the bench, at the bar, in the pulpit, at the bedside, in the class room and 'on the .battle Held. Of those prominent in national af fairs, the names of William Harper, ueorge Mcuume, HUgn s. i^egare, Wm. C. Preston, Franklin H. -Slm?re, James H. Hammond and Louis T. Wig fall attract attention. In the executive chamber of the State sat Richard I. Manning. William H. Gist, Wm. Aiken, John Peter Richard son, Francis W. Plckens, Mllledge L. Eonham, John H. Means, Thomas B. Jeter and the immortal Wade Hamp ton. Wearing the Judicial ermine with dis tinction were O'Neale,' Harper, the two Wardlaws, Johhston?, Evans, Dargan, Earl?, Butler, Galdwell, Glover, Huger and Whltner, and at a later day, Moses, Haskell, Simpson; Mclver, Mc Gowan, Hudson, Townsend, ?.Melton. Wltherspoon, Wallace, FraBer and Gary. The federal b?nch in earlier days was graced by Gilchrist and Magrath and ' later by Chos. H." Simonton and Wil liam H. Brawlcy. Among this host: of distinguished lawyers, the mimes of two men who never, held political or judicial office BtandjOUt with conspic uous prominence---tfttmfcs- L. Petigru, the foremost jurist of them all, and James H. Rlori, a worthy associate. To 'the church w?nt William Capers; Basil Manly, ?Jarri?s H. Thornwell. William Braritley, Stephen Elliott and Whitefpord Smith. ? ' To medicine arid Surgery. were given men like J.- Marlon .SIrhsVi Tr?tevent, Porcher, Glbbes, Huger, Talley, Wylle, and Taylor. , In the class room James W. Hudson, James H. Carlisle arid John M. Mc Bryde challenge out unBtlnted admlra tlori.< :*-: > Names fron^ that roll ar? conspicu ously written In the1 records I of. five wars.I The second Wade Hampton serv ed with Jackson at-New Orleans. Beri Jarolh Elrriore held a commission In the Florida war. Fierce M. Butler , fell at the head of the Palmetto regiment in Mexico. James' C. Bonham was among th? heroes of the AlSmo.Elghteen gen erals were-furnished to tnovConfederate service; Their riniK??L HnJnntnn. Butler. Gary, "Svlidrton, Bratton, Greggr, Ken-, ri?dy arid their comrades, are house hold -words in all-Carolina, In .the re cent whr with Spain,' ' one.; of : these. G?rt' Matthew C. Butlet - Was honored hy- th? Pr?sid?ht of the United States with "? "?otrirriisslOri- as major general in th? vUnlt?d States- army.; V' These are' biitSr few -off the-thousands whom th? college and..'.societies have helped from th? darkness of ignorance Into - the light of , knowledge and sent Out iiitoVaU th?'walks of life impressed with th? respohslbllltl?s. of. good clt izcnnhly arid equipped to discharge its highest duties. ? V fcTature X)nty. :' /And, now, after the lapse of 100 years, the Statt? rests under no less obligation arid- necessity ?to: educate her youth than when* th? legislature aaid: "The,, establishment of a' coll?ge in a central part - of the -State !? * ? will highly prorridte the Instruction, good order arid the'' harmony of the *vhole com munity.1' :In this commerclal age when th? genius of invention hei? practically annihilated tlrhe 'arid H destroyed dis tance,: oii?nlrig th?" Whol? world as a . common field" of comp?tition, superiori ty of Intelligence; arid trhlnipg instead of any natural advantage of location sdll or 'i fcllrriate- laust; determine the' Supremacy of a Btat?. How thorough ly South- Carolina ?s awak? to this, let th? ov?rilowing c?tidition' off h?r col leges arid ^unprecedented enrollfnorit in h'?r+."puh?f?! schools'-answer. . The' State is doirig hfcr - duty. Upon th? institutions supported^ by her be fte'flc?hce r*6te A jlre^lpr?rjal. oallgsition to pxit high mohhobd alongside InteK l?ct?al attachments and give to the St?t'?1 : rn?rk^roen of rnoi'al courage,' publlo-snplrUed,. arid-possessed, of clear. balanced ariatflsorimliA&r^ fh r?gattl to publics ^uesUons, - . \ThlK is: the perenrilat task we would ?ettU?fore our aiiriaimat?r as we behold h?r st?nfllhg; on;:4h?' thresh?l?. of h?r f?cond : ??etttftt*srl-l^bbUed i im^atr?otlc traditions, :i. r? jo?c?rig :ln: a" : successful present and confidently entering upon a; glorious f dtur?. Sp?cial to The' State. ; Gte?nviireA?otf. ^Tonaorrow a hear ?it^rbef?VG Ma??Slr^^ mrndley ^h " ?ijr a f m fitting a ?J?l?o? IttgalhSt Warrants>wer?; *^b^\^at ?^terday i hran?h of th? S?clet? fdt th? .'^veht "!t?ri--of Cruelty to Ariltnals. Th? h?arfrig' Js" apt' t? .p^uey a^en? sal??tr^h?v?tvltril mg r it mf t&hi? ) iite^waa: :-c!titnpli Afteor.-pound