The Cadiz sentinel. [volume], October 16, 1844, Image 1

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VOLUME XI,
CADIZ, HARRISON COUNTY, OHIO, OCTOBER 1G, 1814.
NUMBER 30.
'3
V;
X
FEINTED AND l'UBLLSUEl) F.V11KV WEDNESDAY
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'" 03 AnvERTisiKo. One square, (twelve lines,) fifty
-cents for the first insertion, and twenty-five cents each
subsequent publication. A liberal discount made to
- iose who advertise by the year.
fjP Letters to the editor must be post paid.
POETRY.
. LIKES. ,
The world without is cold, dearest,
Nor beeds what we endure;
The hearts that dance in lighted halls
Care little for the poor ;
Some passing thought, some transient sigh
Their well-bred pity knows;
But tears that dim the sparkling eye
" Are shed from unl'elt woes.
; The proud one wraps his fur, dearest.
Around his shrinking form
While ecarce the poor man's scanty garb
Can keep him from the storm; .
They meet upon God's common earth,
Beneath the same blue sky,
As ice to joe on polar seas, - '
Eaci human brother's eye!
Oh, many a chariot rolls, dearest,
Across the rattling stones,
Whose wheels with every echo tell
Some wretched creature's groans;
The poor man must be honest,
Who loses or who wins; - .
No gild.d veil to cheat the crowd,
Conceals the poor man's sins.
Yet envy haunts me not, dearest,
- To walkilie halls of pride;
The poor man's heart has many a thought
Worth all the world besido;
And oft he shares his little all,
Or shields the houseless one,
When down the lord of thousands lies.
No daily mercy done.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Lizzy WsmIswoiiIi, the Mechanic's
Daughter.
Lizzy Wadsworth was a lively, laughing little
witch, just about eight years old when I first be
came acquainted with her. Like most children
at her age, she was very fond of play, and I lie
moment she was out of school, she was off ,ificr
some of her playmates for a frolic. It made no
difference with her, so they were kind and re
upectable, what might be their station in life;'
whether high or low, rich or poor feeling a
cousciousness of being as good, but not better
than any of them in a like generous spirit.
But Lizzy had soon to learn her mistake.
One day, whilo niorrily at play with Molly Bar
ton, Miss Sophia Rebecca Jones, daughter of
Major Jones, the purser, stepping slyly up to
Molly, whispered in her ear--
" I wouldn't play with Liz Wadsworth, if I was
in your pi iceT- cause the Wad-r.voiths are poor
people, and ain't respectable." .-
This good-natured and refiaed communica
tion did not meet with the most cordial recep
tion, else Molly probably would have kept it. to
herself, which she d,d not. M'S3 oopma lichee-
; ca Jones was several yeais the older of the two
playmates; but no one had ever accused her of
being w;se beyond her years; and in the present
instance the result showed that she would h:tve
exhibited much better souse in withholding her
huge advice.
Molly had no idea of inquiring whether the
Wadsworihs were rich or poor; she knew they
l'ved in good style enough, and had never be
fore heard that poor people could not be respec
table as well as the wealthy. S, she not only
continued on to play with Lizzy, but lost no time
in telling her what the amiabio Miss Jones had
. said.
But Lizzy's pride was touched. She was a-
ware lhat her father was not rich, and that nei
ther was he a M ijor or a Captain; but she knew
lie was a temperate, and industrious man, and
could not understand why her folks were not as
respectable as Miss Jones . Miss Jones' lather
wag a purser, while hers, to be sure, was a me
chanic. So soon as sho returned home, she went with
the story to her mother, whose ingenuity was
severely taxed in endeavoring to soothe her
wounded feelings.
But. Lizzy finally became satisfied that she
Was none the worse off for the affront, since it
was nothing but the offspring of ill-breeding in
one for whom she had never entertained any
particular regard. Yet sho did not fotgut it.
In accordance with her mother's advice, she
maintained a course of conduct calculated to
make herself gonerally beloved; was attentive
to her studies; strictly obedient to her parents;
kind towards her brothers, sisters and playmates,
and in all raspects behaved as a good girl should
do. In this way she grew m a tew years to be
a young lady of .fine education, industrious hab
its and mostagreeablo mannors.
Her father was prosperous, because he was
temperate, honest and industrious, lie was not
ashamed to be a moehauic, bocause he possessed
too much good sense not to see that it is not the
profession that makes the man., He held, that
a hard-working mechanic was a better member
of Society, and more entitled to the appellation
of gentleman, than a lazy pettifogger, an impu
dent quack, or a drunken major or general.
His Wile was of the same opinion, and had been
o front ner teens, for she dismissed ono of the
latter who .was praying court to ho r and took
ldm
.Maj. Jones was an easy, clever-hearted man;
fond of society, and a little too loud ot his bot
tle,! and seldom troubled, himself about family
affairs. Being much of the time away at sea,
he left Mrs. Jones to manage things at homo as
she pleased. oho was not allogethor rncompe
tejit to the task; yet in oiie thing, at least, she
wa unfortunate. ; bhe would never "conde
scend" to associate with' tiny but people of the
first "society, ' and would npt. knowingly allow
her children to do so. Mechanics, of course,
and all who labored with their hands for a liveli
hood, no matter how" worthy, "wore Pie I down by
her as, belonging to what sho called the "lower
classes." So she was insli tiding her children
nd so they acted tin to (hoir breeding. '
,;. One day Maj. Jones died while at sea. To
his wife and children, the news of death was a
terrible blow. , From their inannor of living,
they appeared nevor to have anticipated that e
vent. Neither Major Jttea no his wifohud 4a
ten care to lay up any thing against a rainy day,
anil U Would probably ott .be very uncliaritnul,
to suppose lhat more than one-half of her grief
arose . from the nearly destitute condition in
which she was left with the almost certain
prospect of being obliged to come down a notch
or two in the world.
In the meantime, Mr. Wadsworth continued
to prosper in business built houses for himself
when he could obtain no employment from oth
ers, selling them whenever a suitable purchaser
presented himself and finally engaged in trade
as a regular merchant. In a word, at the mo
ment when the proud Mis. Jones was left, as it
were penniless, he had amassed an :ndependeut
fortune.
Lizzy was now of ago to marry ; and tint is
precisely what she did do. Harry Colson, her
fathers head clerk, thought she wits the prettiest,
most amiable and most charming girl in the
world, while sho had no cause to be otherwise
than satisfied with him so they struck a bar
gain at once. And, as they entered into this so
cial partnership, the father and son-in-law formed
a business connection, and every thing went on
to their minds. .
But, poor Miss Sophia Rebecca Jones! What
did sho think of the Wenlworth's now? Redu
ced to poverty, with little useful education, and
much that she would have been far better off
without what happiness was left for her?
truth to say there ''appeared for her little else
than daikness and gloom m the future. But
she was not to blame for her wrong education ;
and it was apparent lhat, had she received the
proper training, sho m'ght have been equally
qualified with L'zzy Wadsworth to make a good
wife. Alotizo Cann in, a Rinnrt young mechanic,
saw this and determined, if he could have his
own way in the mutter even ut the hazard of a
bad bargain to see, as he expressed it, if after
all she could not be brought straight. In other
words, lie resolved to offer himself to her in wed
loci;. And sure enough, Miss Sophia Rebecca
Jones became, Mrs. S. R. Carman, the wife of;
one of that class whom she had been taught to
despise.
Well, to th;s day, she has never had cause to
regret il, and the last time I heard Alonza speak
of her, he boasted that she had thrown away all
her foolish notions, and in the main adopted cor
rect views of all matters pertaining to social
life. Moreover, I know that she has made full
amends for her former rudeness towards Lizzy
Wadsworth, and that both now live on terms of
the most agreeable intimacy.
As to the widow Jones, she lives rent free in
a small but neat tenement, the property of Mr.
Wadsworth. Sho takes in Sewing for a living,
and he takes care that she does not want for any
thing really necessary to her comfort. She is
not interrupted now, by any "calls" from people
of the "first society," albeit sho is sometimes
allowed to work for them.
THE YOUNG MAN.
Who that has passed the season of youth and
gone into manhood,, has not looked back with
many a sigh, and almost murmured aloud, that
bo could not bore and there have received such
hints as would have prevented mistakes? Who
has not looked back, and with a sadness that is
inexpressible, seen how in youth he formed hab
its that are to abide through life, how his char
acter was moulded into shapes that are little less
tuan determines, and how his jnind was taught
to roam in patiis that aro barren of all that can
yield food or -refreshment? And who that has
not mourned lhat he-is doomed to pass through
life, accomplishing little or nothing; neither
meeting the hopes of friends nor satisfying his
own conscience vainly looking for some out
ward circumstances to push lum to do that
which inward energy alone can move a man to
do and all because, in his youth, he hud not
such hints, such instructions, und such counsels
as would have made him a character altogether
different? Is my own experience accords with
that of others, the very attempt to throw light
in the pathway of the Young Men of this land,
is praiseworthy. Should the attempt be a fail
ure, I shall have thu consolation lhat it was in
my heart to do it. Should it succeed in any
measure in accordance with my wishes, my
heart would rejoice.
When I do define what I meant by character,
I would say it is that what makes free and intelli
gent beings have confidence in you. The very
dennitiou snows you that it must be ot slow
growth. You cannot acquire it in a day, nor in
a year. A marksman makes a wonderful shot,
and it is known and talked about; a young law
yer makes one eloquent plea, and by seizing a
strong point of law which had been overlooked,
he carries the jury with him, and the cllbrt is
talked about. A mechanic docs a single job
of work with great despatch and skill, and he
is talked about; the young farmer raises one
great crop, and it is a wonder; aud the young
Divine throws off a sermon which is greatly ad
mired, and is much talked of; but this is not
reputation, or character it is merely a short
lived notoriety. The physician cures in one
remarkable case, and he acquired this notoriety
in an hour. But that marksman has got to be
able to make a good shot; that young lawyer has
got to take the strong points of the law, and the
weak ones too, many times, and with them carry
the jury with him, ere he has acquired the
character of a sound lawyer; that young me
chanic, and that young farmer, have yet to show
perseverance and skill and success before they
can acquire character; that young Divine has
yet to think out many an eloquent passage, and
seize many a figure of" speech, and produce ma
ny masterly strokes at reasoning, before ho can
be called a great proacher; aud the young physi
cian has to hang over more than one desperate
case, and study the deranged body of more than
ono poor sufferer, and bring up from the borders
of the grave more than one patient, before he
can claim the name of a great physician. '
Multitudes of young men are ruined by not
having decision enough to say no, They meet
with companions who invito them to step into
a fruit shop, or into the confectioners,' or into the
oyster-cellar, or the bar-room. They aro per
fectly aware that they would not like to have
their parents see them go into such places,
they aro aware that those who entice them arc
as yet below themselves in moral character, but
they have not firmness enough to say no. When
they allow themselves to bo led away once,
iliey will again; ud they must .return tho com
pliment. This is the beginning of lhat course
which loads to drinking, to tavern suppers to
street jmokiug-r-to, the ,thoatre to the liouso
of her which is the way to hell, and then to the
rum, the utter nun of the young man, lor tune
and for ctflrnity.-I?cr. John Tod. :;.. t
IHTi amy 1 lrNJiij.
Cudiz, October 16, 18 J I.
Speech of 'llt lUUhbim
OF NEW YORK.
In the 1 ffluse of Representatives June, 4,1841
On tho civil and diplomatic appropriation
bill.
Mr. RATIiBUN said:
Mr. Chairman : I had hoped that the atten
tion of this body might have been confined to
the business of this country, and that this House
would not be converted into a political arena.
Tho people of the country, so far as I know, de
sired it. For a few years past, it has been the
practice ot Hie opposite party, to convert this
hall into a political camp, and to fight here, at
the expense of the people, and to the injury of
the public interests, the battle lor political pow
er., this practice was levived early in tins ses
sion, by an old and experienced campaigner
Irorn Pennsylvania, Mr, Stewart. He seem
ed ambitious to imitate, if not o excel, his illus
trious predecessor, Mr, Oole.j Nature has be
stowed upon him a prolific, imagination from
which he draws a boundless supply of facts and
figures suited to any emergency, ready coined
for every occasion. He delivered to the House
a funeral oration over the dead carcass of the
"American system;" charged Mr. Van Buren
with its destruction; arraigned him before the
House for destroying the tariff, which he claim
ed was producing a surplus revenue of $18,000,
000 annually, and which, at this time, he says,
would liavo produced a "surplus ot SW5t),000,-
000; and which, under tho American system, or
tins Clay system, ought to have been disbursed
in internal improvements, in the construction of
roads and canals in the several Stales. This A
merican system, or Clay system, the gentleman
says, "was in part a high tariff;" a tariff which
drew from the pockets of the people from the
labor of the country, sufficient to defray the ex
penses of the government, and leave a surplus
of $18,000,000 annually, to be squandered in
national internal improvements. Mr. Van Buren
destroyed litis tariff', he avers. But, sir, where is
his proolf Where and how did he destroy it?
This charge is one of the gentleman's facts. It
is the principal count, in this indictment. No
proof is offered uone cau be found to sustain il.
The high tariff of 1823 and 1832 was'destroyed
in 1833 by a tariff act, known as the "compro
mise act." Was Mr. Van Buren the author of
that bill? No sir, that law derived its parentage
from another source. It has been claimed to be
the brightest gem in tiie diadem of the royal dic
tator of the gentleman's parly. This act, for
which .Henry Clay is almost deified by his fol
lowers for which he is eulogised as the embodi
ment of whig principles, is charged by the mem
ber from Pennsylvania, upon Mr. Van Buren, as
a high crime.
The next grand effort here, in the same vein,
carne from the Hon. member from Buncombe,
Nor ih Carolina, Mr. Clixuman. He has enti
tled his speech the "Principles of tho Whig and
Democratic parties." Ho has dealt very unkind
ly by his friend from Pennsylvania. Ho charges
Mr. Van Burcu with supporting tho high "tariffs
of 1821 and 1828 the highest tariff's which Cv-
er existed in this country, and which, because ol
iheir excess, was condemned by Messrs Clay
and Webster." These gentlemen contradict
each other directly. They are both whigs of
course, ooth honorable men; both correct be
cause whigs can never be mistaken. It is to be
hoped that this unpleasant difficulty maybe ami
cably adjusted without bloodshed. The country,
and particularly the party, which is the country,
cannot afford to lose either of its champions.
Tho member from Buncombe enlightened the
House with a specimen of whig arithmetic. He
says, "the administration ot JUr. Van JJnrcn tell
the government liable lor Ihe sum of $.18,00;),-
378, and all means provided to pay it amounted
to but $13,8(52, 253, leaving $21,203,323," the
debt of his administration. Now, the truth is,
that if the whig administration had not convened
Congress in extra session, and had made no new
md necessary appropriations, but carried on the
government economically, at the end of the year
1811 there would havo boon only WiXbiAM-
28 of debt. The actual debt of the administra
tion of Mr. Van Buren, existing when he retired
from office, was only $5,095,553 40. Take
from this sum the real deficit at the end ot 1841,
if the extra session had not. been called, aud it
leaves charged upon these economical whigs to
pay only $2,831,100 11. Yet, with all these
tacts betore mm, the gentleman, in his JJuncom-
be speech, and with his Bancombe arithmetic,
has figured it up to the round sum of $24,203,-
323. Sir, it is an old saying, that figures won't
le. 1 his, of course, does not apply to mishgu-
ring in the hands of a politician, who speaks
from Buncombe, or for Buncombe. It would
bo safer to say they seldom tell the truth. But,
sir, this debt has bocu increased under a whig
administration, and by a whig Congress, over 25,
000,000 in two years and nine mouths. ; This is
the fruit of tho whig victory of 1840.
Another gentleman, Mr. Habdin, of Illinois,!
a few days since, and again yesterday, address
ed the House, not upon any question before it.
Mr. Van Buren was his first text, and Mr. Polk
his last.. . Sir, I shall not attempt to imitate his
classic taste, by applying epithets to any man,
much less would it in reference to Mr. Van Bu
ren. The gentleman calls him "little Matty."
Yes, sir, a gentleman who has occupied the. high
est stations in this government universally hon
ored and respected throughout the civilized
world possessing ttilonls ol the highest order
whose name, when the history of this countrv
shall be written by an impartial historian, will
ccupy tho highest niche in tho proud temple
of fame, tho accomplished gentleman from Illi
nois exhibits his discernment and refinement by
calling hirn 'Mitile Matty." , . , ,
He amused himself and his friends tor an hour,
by repeating tho stale fabrications, and worn out,
and often refuted slanders against Mr. Van Bu
ren, m order to send them again revamped and
newly dressed, to tho people, to impose on them;
and thereby enable (ha personification aud em?
bodiment of whig principles, (Mr. Clay,) to reach
the presidential chair. Whv, sir, he went se
riously to work, to show that Mr. Van Buren was
opposed to the war of 1812. This stale, miser
able, unfounded charge, known by every man
ana poy in Hie Slate ot New York, and by every
reauinganrj intelligent man in the whole nation,
to be utterly untrue confessed aud acknowledg
ed by a leading journalist in his own party re
cently, Mr. Slone, to be false, is his most se
rious objection to Mr. Van Buren, and his strong
est charge against him. I will not pursue the
subject of his remarks, oi the truth of his state
ment but little further. This is his best noint.
and this, like all his minor points, is base coin,
long since condemned as counterfeit. Such
compounds of fiction are worth no other notice
than silent contempt. One other point in his
printed speech is worthy of a passing notice, and
lhat is tho picture with which he has illustrated
the darkness of his ideas. He has placed Mr.
Van Buren in the attitude of receiving the vote
of a negro, and rejecting that of two soldiers of
tho revolution. I shall find a more appropriate
place for his picture, with some slight alterations,
before I get through. He complains because
Mr, Van Burcu did not veto an appropriation in
1838, of upwards of two millions for the im
provement of the roads and rivers of the West
The member from Pennsylvania, Mr. Stewert,
and a gentleman fiom Kentucky, Mr. Davis,
the representative of Mr. Clay's district, and one
of the exponents of his views have made it a
matter of serious charge against Mr. Van Buren,
that he did nothing for the West during his ad
ministration. They have appealed to the peo
ple of the West to come over to them, be
cau.?j Mr. Clay will do them justice. Sir, I
will show these gentlemen, before I have done
with Mr. Clay, what he says and thinks of the
West, and western men. All the gentlemen I
have named have been harping upon the extra
vagance of Mr. Van Buren's administration. He
expended, they allege, from twenty-eight to
thirty-two millions annually. Suppose either to
bo true: what then? Upon whom should the
censure rest? Without the appropriation by
Congress, ho could not expend a dollar. Con
gress having passed the laws fur expending the
public money, he was bound, by his oath of of
fice, to see that it was expended for tho objects
specified in Ihe law. He had no discretion, no
right to withhold the money. It must be ex
pended. This, all these members know perfect
ly well; this, every man acquainted with the du
ties audpoweis of the President knows. These
members also know the fact -or ought to know
it that during his administration, Congress ap
propriated $151,738,502, beyond the estimates
of expendituies sent in by the Secretary of the
Treasury, and more than Van Buren and his cab
inet desired. Whose fault was this? It may
be said that he should have vetoed the bills. E
ven now we hear the jacobinical cry Down with
the veto.
Sir, an honorable member of this House has
said, during this session, that the President was
not responsible for the amount of expenditures
only for the manner in which they were ex
pended. His age, expeiience, and high char
acter, ought to have been some restraint upon his
junior friends; they should havo yielded in some
degree to the truth, coining from him. I allude
to ihe gentleman from Massachusetts, Mr. An
ams.) But if they would not heed him, the ad
monition of the gentleman from Virginia, Mr.
Newton, who attributes all the disasters and
calamities of his party and the country to the
"want of candor and fairness of Ihe whigs of
1840," and who has strongly recommended to
all of them "honesty as the best policy," ought
at least to have had some influence with them.
I ask of these honorable gentlemen, what appro
priation, during the administration of Mr. Van
Buren, was opposed by Mr. Clay? What one
was opposed by the whig parly? I have looked
through the journals of the Senate, and of this
House, to find such a case, but in vain. 1 do
not believe such a one can be found. It is a
cardinal principle with them to vote for all ap
propriotions, aud for all purposes, and always for
the largest amount. This is Mr. Clay's creed,
as derived iroin his votes and speeches. Large
appropriations and extravagant expenditures de
mand high tariffs and oppressive taxes. This is
the American or Clay system, for which he has
been so much eulogized here. If it is true, as
I assert, that Mr. Clay, and the whigs in Con
gress generally, voted for tho largest impropria
tions during Mr. Van Buren's administration,
with what propriety can they now turn upon him,
and charge him with extravagant expenditures?
He was the agent to execute the laws of Con
gress their laws. It was their duty to see that
all appropriations were reasonable, just and ne
cessary. They are responsible to their constitu
ents and to the country for their acts. They
controlled the strings of tho public purse. If
they opened them too wide voted too much
they ought to bo honest, and take the censure
which they are now endeavoring to throw upon
one subject to their control, and executing their
laws. It is not only true that they were former
ly in favor of extravagant appropriations and ex
lenditures, and opposed io retrenchment and re
form, but they have been so during the present
session in every form. A largo portion of the
whig parly voted against the army-retrenchment
bill, passed a few days since, by which half a
million of dollars will bo annually saved. They
were unwilling to reduce ihe salaries of military
officers le a reasonable amount, or to discharge
a large number of supernumerary and useless offi
cers. .
But, sir to put this question beyond the reach
of denial or explanation, the Senate, with a large
majority of whigs, have laid that bill upon the
table, and refused even to consider it. They
will not save $500,000 annually, because it would
cut off some of their political friends from a fat
living in idleness and extravagance, at (lie ex
pense of the people.
The gentleman from Kentucky Mr. Davis
neclared "that he did not believe lhat the dem
ocratic members of this House were in favor of
retrenchment," while .they were engaged iu the
work of saving, annually, half a million; and to
satisfy them that he and his friend were, they have
voted for almost every useless and extravagant
expenditure that has come up. The same mem
bor was very severe upon Mr. Van Buren for his
extravagance j complained most pitiously over his
vast expenditures; and (hen, with the versatility
of "the dictator," wheeled about, and abused him
because he had not expended in western improve
ment millions more. That was not all j ho said
Mr. Van Buren had requested Congress to au
thorize him, in reference to the fortipcation bill,
to suspend the appropriation to withhold i, if,
in his judgment, it should be proper to do so; lhat
Congress conferred that power upon him; and
he says that Mr. Van Buren had tho audacity to
withhold it sixteen hundred thousand dollars
appropriated, subject to ihe discretionary power
ot the President, he did not expend, tor expen
ding appropriations he is abused, notwithstanding
the law compelled him, he having no discretion
lor not expending sixteen hundred thousand dol
lars more, where he was legally authorized to ex
ercise his discretion, lie is equally abused. For
tho latter act, he is denounced as a usurper, and
compared to Charles the First. The exercise of
n legal discretion a right conferred upon him
by Congress, is denounced as the usurpation of a
kingly prerogative, as the exercise of an arbitra
ry and despotic power. What would tho gentle
man have said if, in other cases, where no such
authority was conferred, Mr. Van Buren had omit
ted to see all Ihe money expended? With how
much more propriety might he, in such case,
have denounced him? la what a strange pre
dicament does this kind of argument place
President. If he expends the money, as
directed by Congress, he is denounced for
his extravagance? If he omits to expend it,
although authorized by law to do so, he is de
denounced as a usurper and tyrant. He is de
nounced, at the same lime, for expending too
much aud too little. 1 his is the beauty, consis
tency, aud integrity of federalism. ' It is by means
so unfair, so disingenuous, so unjust, thai those
gentlemen hope to injure the character ol an hon
est man, and to withdraw the public attention
from the acts, principles, and public character of
Henry Clay, and to foist him into the presidency.
Sir, there are many living Ogles here, and I am
surprised that they do not give us an inventory
of "the lounges, ottomas, Brussels carpet, damask
curtains, mahogany chairs, and gold spoons, in
the palace;" the extravagance of the kitchen fur
niture, and, by way of embelishment, they should
inform the country that one of the first acts pas
sed for the whig President, in 1841, was an ap
propriation of $0,000 to furnish this extravagant
ly "furnished palace!" More gold spoons, da
mask curtains, aud Brussels carpets were doubt
less deemed necessary by those "retrenchment-and-re
form-democratic whigs," to support the
dignity of the new log cabin administration. I
do not allude to this appropriation as improper,
but merely to show the gross dishonesty aud fal
sity of the charges of extravagance in the furni
ture of the while house the "Ogle palace."
Sir, what have these economical whigs done in
the way of expenditure since 1841? They have
increased the debt, and made a part of it perma
nent by loans, about $25,000,000. To effect
this, has taken them two years and nine months.
In the mean time, they have expended all the ac
cruing revenue everything they could lay their
hands on; and but for their ejection from power
at the end of four years, would have saddled the
nation with a debt of at least $5,000,000. Worse
than all this, is the liberality, the profligacy, ex
hibited in giving away to the States the proceeds
of the sales of the public lands, while the treas
ury was empty, and their agents were trotting
about from door to door in this and in foreign
countries to borrow money to pay the ordinary
expenses of tho government. They were spurn
ed like idle vagrants; the credit of the country
destroyed, and its character degraded md dis
graced. These are the fruits of their bo-.iated e
conomy and financial skill! These are the en
tries in Mr. Webster's new books. The $40,
000,000 debt which they told the people existed
in 1840, dwindled down, on their own showing,
to $8,000,000; and in fact, to about $5,000,000
Their retrenchment" has swelled the public debt
to about $30,000,000; and but for the popular
veto the people's veto no man can tell to what
extent it would have increased within the four
years.
Since the nomination is made, they have turn
ed their poisoned arrows at Mr. Polk. He is
charged with being in favor of free trade. Sir,
what proof have they given as to the fact? That
he is in favorofMr. Clay's compromise tariff bill:
so is Mr. Clay; so he has always avowed, and
still avows. What next? Why, he was in favor
of the pet bank system. True, sir, he was in fa
vor of the experiment, so long as they performed
that duty well; but when they failed, he opposed
them, and then the whole whig party came to
the aid of the broken pets. This is all I have
heard, except that Mr. Polk was insulted and did
not fight a duel. See note at the end of the
speech. And why? Because ho is a Christian
a believer in the piinciples of that religion
which is peace and love towards all men. Sir,
he is above and beyond theirreach; he is protec
ted by the bright, broad shield of truth and jus
tice, which is impenetrable to the shafts of mal
ice. He is encircled by the strong arms of the
democracy, and elevated above the reach of those
who are enervated and jaded with toil in the race
of boundless ambition.
They call him "Young Hickory." Sir, I thank
them for the name. Ho is worthy of it. The
people will ratify it; and they will elevate him to
the chair of state, once so honorably filled, by
"old Hickory." Sir, a gentleman from Kentuc
ky, Mr. White, told ns not long since that we
"were a condemned and doomed party." Whore
is the evidence of that "doom &. condemnation?"
Not here, sir. The firm nerves, placid smiles,
and seeming confidence of the gentlemen on the
other side, are gone; in their place you see the
excitability, tho quivering lip, and the trembling
nerve of doubt and fear. Sir, the shroud and
tho tomb prepared for us by those kind gentle
men, will perform for them tho kind office that
Hainan's gallows did for him.
Now, sir, having answered and refuted the
charges made against the late administration of
extravagance, and against Mr. Polk, 1 propose to
look into some of the acts, speeches, and princi
ples of Mr. Clay. In doing so, I will not imitate
the examples which have been set me, by garbling
or destroying, or perverting the true meaning of
Mr. Clay, as has been done in reference to Mr.
Van Buren ; nor will I intention ally misrepresent
him. I intend to present him, as he has present
ted himself in his public character, to the coun
try j setting down such things only as are matters
of record or general public notoriety. Sir, I am
for carrying tho war into Africa.
THE UNITED STATES BAKE.
In the year 1811, Mr. Clay was in the Senate.
The question of rechartering the United States
bank came up in that body, and Mr. Clay spoke
in opposition to it, and laid :
"Ho did not mean that it had bocn mado a par
ty question in the Senate His allusion was
elsewhere. I do not think it altogether fair to
refer to the discussion in the House of Repre
sentative, as gentlemen belonging to that body
have no opportunity of defending themselves here.
It is true that this law was not the effect, but it is
no k ss true lhat it was one of the causes, of the
political divisions in ihis country. And if. during
the agitation of this question, tho renewal has, on
one side, been opposed on party principles, let
me ask if, on the other, it has not been advoca
ted on similar principles? Where is the Mace
donian phalanx tho opposition in Congress? I
believe, sir, I shall not incur the charge of pre
sumptuous prophecy, when I predict that we shall
not pick up from its ranks a single straggler. And
if, on this. occasion my friend from Georgia Mr.
William II. Crawford has pone over into th
camp of the enemy, is it kind in him lo look back
upon his former trie mis, and rebuke them for the
fidelity with which they adhere to their old prin
ciples?"
He placed Mr. Crawford in the ranks of th
enemy, because ho supported the bank. He
charged him with deserting his old principles.
Sir, where stands Mr. Clay now? Not in the
ranks of the enemy. No, sir, but at their head
he wears the apaulette, the plume, the s0rd,and
spreads to the breeze the banner of the leader
the commander-in-chief. A deserter from his
"old principles." He is at the head of uthe Ma'
cedonian phalanx" absolute as Philip or Alex
ander.
IT WAS UNCONSTITUTIONAL
Mr. Clay said :
"This vagrant power to erect a bank, after hay
n g wandered throughout the whole constitution
in quest of some congenial spot whereon to fas
ten, has been at langth located, by the gentleman
from Georgia, Mr. Crawford, on that provision
which authorized Congress to lay and collect tax
es, &c. In 1791, the power is refered lo ono
part of the instrument; in 1811, to another.
Sometimes it is alleged to be dcduciblv from the
power to regulate commerce. Hard pressed,
here, it disappears, Si, shows itself under the grant
to coin money. The sagacious Secretary of the
Ireasury m 1 rJl, (meaning Alexander Hamil
ton,) pursued the wisest course; he has taken
shelter behind general, high-sounding, and im
posing terms. He has declared, in the pream
ble to the act establishing the bank, that it will
bo very conducive lo the successful conducting
the national finances, will tend to give facility to
the obtaining of loans; and will he productive of
considerable advantage to trade and industry in
general." ,
Where does he find "this vagrant power to e-
rect a bank?" Is it still wandering up and down
the constitution? Has he not adopted "the wi
sest course" of the secretary, Mr. Hamilton, and
"taken shelter behind general, high-sounding, and
imposing terms?" Occupying the same position,
it is natural that he should use the same "high-
sounding terms" to effect the same object.
TIIE INCIDENTAL TOWER TO CREATE
TIIE BANK.
On this point Mr. Clay used the following lan
guage:
"The accessory is exalted above the pricipal.
As well might it be said lhat the great luminary
of day is an accessory a satellite to the hum
blest star that twinkles forth its feeble light in the
firmament of heaven !"
And now he would convince the world that
the humblest star is the principal, and the great
luminary of day its satellite that the incident is
superior to the principal. Consistency, thou art
a jewel! - .; ,
FALSE PROPHETS IN 1800 AS WELL AS
in 1814.
Mr. Clay said:
"Upon the change of parties in 1800, it must
be well recollected that the greatest calamities
were predicted as consequences of that event.
Intentions were ascribed to the new occupants of
power, of violating the public faith and prostra
ting national credit. Under such circumstances
that they should act with great circumspection .
was quite natural. They saw in full operation
a bank, chartered by a Congress who had as much
right to judge ot their constitutional powers as
their successors."
The spirit of federalism, like its principals, re
mains unchanged through a period of more than
forly years. Tae same"calamitiesare prodie'ed,"
and always have becu predicted, as consequen
ces of the democratic party. The man who wa
the first to cxposo and rebuke these unfounded
assertions, isjaow the loudest in proclaiming them
against the same party, and his own "old princi
ples." i
THE CONSTITUTION SUPERIOR TO PRE- .
CEDENTS. ' ' ' '
On this subject ho said: , v ! '
"Here no rule exists but the constitution;
and to legislate upon the ground merely that
our predecessors thought themselves authorized,
under similar circumstances, to legislate, ia to
sanctify error and perpetuate usurpation."
Now, how changed ! Everything is justified
by precedent; it has become superior to the con
stitution. "Errors are sanctified, and usurpation
perpetuated," uuder the plea of precedent, and
by no man more than him, who, in 1811, uttered
the just, noble, and manly sentiment I have just
read. , , . " ...
BANK UNCONSTITUTIONAL.
Mr. Clay said: ; ...
"I conceive, then, sir, that we are not empow
ered by the constitution, nor bound by any prac
tice under it, to renew the charter of this bank:
and I might here rest tho argument." v
This constitutional difficulty is removed, ex
tracted, undoubtedly, by some ingenious process
familiar to those skilled in the mysteries of
banking, . " - '.-.;.'
BANKITES RAISED FALSE CLAMOR IN
1811 AS THEY DO NOW.
.He said:. , . , ; . ... V,..'
"That some temporary inconvenience will t
riso, I shall not deny ; but most gioundlessly have
tho recent failures in New York been attributed
to (he discontinuance of the bmk. As well might
you ascribe the cause of tho failures of Amster
dam and Hamburg, of London and Liverpool.
Yes, sir) the protests of the notarici of London
not those of New York, havo occasioaed these -bankruptcies."
;., , .
The alarm, ihe clamor, tho nrotencos which
were used more than thirty years line in favor cf
a national bank, and which Mr. Clay, in bis great
speech, most triumphantly, demolished, tra uow
the arguments . aud the instruments used to
trap tho people in the meshes of snotlior hank
T
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