The Cadiz sentinel. [volume], December 11, 1844, Image 3

About The Cadiz sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 184?-1851

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getlier frivolou and untonable. Mr. Pendleton i dent power, but os a Mere dependency of Mexi
uccessor hat been directed to urge tlie claim in j co. This assumption could not hare been acted
the strongest terms; and, in the event of a fti-jon by the Executive, without setting at defiance
luro to obtain a permanent adjustment, to report your own solemn declaration that the Republic
uie tact tome Executive at as early a any as ,
possible, bo that the whole matter may be com
municated to Congress.
At your last session, I siibmittcJ, to tho atten
tion of Congress, the Couveulion with the Re
public of Peru of tlio 17di March, 181L, provi
ding for the adjustment of the claims of citizens
of the United Statos against that Republic; but
no definitive action was taken upon the subject.
I again invite to it your attention and prompt
Action.
In my last Annual Message, I felt it to be my
duty to make known to Congress, in terms both
plain nnd emphatic, my opinion inregard to the
war which has so long existed between Mexico
and Texas; which, since the battle of San Ja
cinto, has consisted altogether of predatory in
cursions, attended by circumstances revolting to
humanity. I repeat now, what I then said,
that, after -eight years of feeble nnd ineffectual
effort to recover Texas, it was time that the war
. should have ceased. The United States had a
direct interest in the questiour The contiguity
of the two nations to our territory was hut too
well calculated to involve our peace. ' Unjust
iBuspic'ons were engendered in the mind of one
or the other of the belligerents against us; and,
as a necessary consequence, American interests
were made to suffer, and our pence became daily
endangered. , In addition to which, it must have
been obvious to all that the exhaustion produced
by the war, subjected both Mexico and Texas to
the interference of other powers; which, with
out the interposition of this Government, might
eventuate in the most serious injury to the Uni
ted Slates. This Government, from time to
time, exerted its friendly offices to bring about a
termination of hostilities upon terms honorable
alike to both the belligerents, lu efforts in this
behalf proved unavailing. Mexico seemed, al
most without an object, to persevere in the war,
" nnd no other alternative was left the Executive
but to take advantage of the well-known dispo
sitions of Texas, and to invite her enter into a
treaty for annexing her territory to that of the
United States.
Sinco yojr last session, Mexico has threatened
to renew the war, nnd has either made, or pro
poses to make, formidable preparations for inva
ding Texas. She has issued decrees and proc
lamations, preparatory to the commencement of
hostilities, full of threats, revolting to humanity;
and which, if carried into effect, would arouse
the attention of all Christendom. This new
demonstration of feeling, there is too much rea
son to believe, has been produced in conse
quence of the negotiation of the late treaty of
annexation with T exas. 1 ho Executive, there
fore, could not be indifferent to such proceedings ;
and it felt it to be due, as well to itself, as to the
honor of the country, that a strong representa
tion should be made to the Mexican Government
upon the subject. This was accordingly done;
ns will be seen by the copy of the accompanying
despatch from the Secretary of State to the
United States Envoy at Mexico. Mexico has
no right to jeopard the peace of the world by
urg'ng any longer, a useless and fruitless con
test. Such a condition of things would not be
tolerated on the European continent. Why
should it be on this? : A war of desolation, such
as is now threatened by Mexico, cannot bo wa
ged without involving our pence and tranquility.
It is idle to believe that such a war could be lools
ed upon with indifference by our own citizens,
inhabiting adjoining States; and our neutrality
would be violated, in despite of all efforts o
the part of the Government to prevent it. The
country is settled by emigrants from the United
States, under invitations held out to than by
Spain and Mexico. Those emigrants have left
behind them friends and relatives who would not
fail to sympathise with them in their difficulties,
and who would be led by those sympathies to
participate in their struggles, however energetic
the action of the Government to prevent it.
Nor would the numerous and formidable bands
of Indians, the most warlike to be found in any
land, which occupy the extensive regions conti
guous to the States of Arkansas and Missouri,
and who are in possession of large tracts of
country within the limits ot Texas, be likely to
remain passive. The inclinations of those nu
merous tribes led them invariably to war when
ever pretexts exist.
Mexico had no just ground of displeasure
,t ngainst this Government or People for negotia
ting the treaty. What interest of hers was af
fected by the treaty? She was dispoiled of no
thing, since Texas was forever lost to her. The
independence of Texas was recognised by sever
al of the leading powers of the earth. She was
free to treat free to adopt her own line of poli
cy free to take the course which she believed
was best calculated to secure her happiness.
Her Government and People decided on annexa
tion to the ' United States; and the Executive
saw, in the acquisition of such a territory, the
means of advancing their permanent happiness
and glory. What principle of good frith then
was violated? what rule of political morals tram
pled under foot? So far as Mexico herself was
concerned, the measure should have been regar
ded by her as highly beneficial. Her inability
to reconquer Texas had been exhibited, I repeat,
by eight now nine years of fruitless and ru
inous contest. In the meantime, Texas has
been growing in population and resources. Emi
gration has flowed into her territory, from all
parts of the world, in a current which continues
toincroase in strength, Mexico requires a per
manent boundary botween that young republic
nnd herself. Texas, at no distant day, if she
continues separate and detachod from the United
States, will inevitably seek to consolidate her
strength by adding to her domain the contiguous
provinces of Mexico. The spirit of revolt from
the control of the Central Government has here
tofore, manifested itself in some of those provin
ces; nnd it is fair to infer that thoy would be in
clined to take the first favorable opportunity lo
proclaim their independence, nnd to foi m close
alliances with Texas. Tho war would thus be
endless; or, if cessations of hostilities should
occur, they would only endure for a season.
The interests of Mexico, therefore, could in no
- thing be better consulted than in a peace with
her neighbors, which would result in the estab
lishment of n permanent boundary. Upon the
rotification of the treaty, the Executive was pre-
pared to treat with her on the most liberal Imais.
' Hence the boundaries of Texas were left unde
fined by the treaty. .The Executive proposed to
euiomeseupon terms mat alt the world should
have pronounced just ond reasonable. No ne
gotiation upon that point could have been under
taken between the United States and Mexico, in
advance of the ratification of tho treaty. We
should have had no right- -nopower noauthori
ty, to hare conducted such a negotiation ; and to
nave undertaken it, would have been an assump
"', tion equally revolting to the pride of Mexico and
iexos, and subjecting us to tho charge of nrro
gance: while to have proposed in advance of
annexation, to sntinfv IWn
annexation, to satisfy Mexico for any contingent
interest sno mignt nnvo in Texas, would have
-,' been to have treated Texas, nof as an indepen-
was an independent Mate. Mexico hud, it is
true, threatened war against tho Uuited Stutes,
in tne event the J reaty of Annexation was rati
fied. The Executive could not permit itself to
be influenced by this threat. It represented in
this, the spirit of our people, who are ready to
sacrifico much for peace, but nothing to intimi
dation. A war, under any circumstances,1 is
greatly to bo deplored, and the United States is
the last nation to desire it; but if, as the condi
tion of peace, it be required of us to forego the
unquestionable right of treating with an inde
pendent power, of our own Continent, upon mat
ters highly interesting to both, and that upon a
naked and unsustained pretension of claim by a
third power, to control the free-will of the power
with whom we treat devoted as we may be to
peace, and anxious to cultivate friendly relations
with the whole world, the Executive does not
hesitate to say that, the People of the United
States would be ready to brave all consequences,
sooner than submit to such condition. But no
apprehension of war was entertained by the
Executive; and I must express frankly the opin
ion that, had the Treaty been ratified by the
Senate, it would have been followed by a prompt
settlement, to tho entire satisfaction of Mexico,
of every mntter in difference between the two
countries. Seeing then that new preparations
tor hostile invasion ot I exns were about to be
adopted by Mexico, and that these were brought
about because Texas had adopted the suggestions
of the Executive upon the subject of Annexation,
it could not passively have folded its arms and
permitted a war, threatened to be accompanied
by every act that could mark a barbarous age,
to l)e waged against her, because she had done so
Other considerations of a controlling charac
ter influenced the course of the Executive. The
treaty which hud thus been negotiated, had failed
to receive the ratification of tho Senate. One
of the chief objections which was urged against
it, was found to consist in tho fact, that the
question of annexation had not been submitted
to the ordeal of public opinion in the United
States. However untenable such an objection
was esteemed to be, in view of the unquestiona
ble power of tho Executive to negotiate tho trea
ty, and the great and lasting interests involved
in the question, I felt it to be my duty to submit
the whole subject to Congress aa the best expoun
ders of popular sentiment. No definitive action
having been taken on the subject by Congress,
the question referred itself directly to the deci
sion of the State and the People The great
popular election which has just terminated, af
forded the best opportunity of ascertaining the
will of the States,and the people upon it. Pen
ding that issue, it became the imperative duty of
the Executive to inform Mexico that the ques
tion of annexation was still before the American
People, end that until their decision was pro
nounced, any serious invasion of Texas would
be regarded as an attempt to forestall their judg
ment, and could not be looked upon with indiffer
ence. I am most happy to inform yon, that no
such invasion has taken place; and I trust that
whatever your action may be upon it, Mexico
will see the importance of deciding the matter
by a resort to peaceful expedients, in preference
to those of arms. The decision of the People
and the States, on this great and interesting sub
ject, ha? been decisively manifested. Tho ques
tion of annexation has been presented nakedly
to their consideration. By tho treaty itself, all
collateral and incidental issues, which wore cal
culated to divide and distract tiie public councils,
were carefully avoided. These were left to the
wisdom of the future to determine. It presort
ted, I repeat, the isolated question of annexation ;
and in that form if has been submitted to the or
deal of public sentiment. A controlling majori
ty of the People, and a largo majority of the
States, have declared in favor of immediate an
nexation. Instructions have thus come up to
both branches of Congress, from their respective
constituents, in terms the' most emphatic. It is
the will of both the People and the Statos, that
Texas shall be annexed to the Union promptly
and immediately. It may be hoped that, in car
rying into execution tho public will, thus declar
ed, all collateral issues maybe avoided. Future
Legislatures can best decide as to (ho number of
States which should bo formed out of the territo
ry, when tho time has arrived, for deciding that
question, Sj with all others. By tho treaty,
tho United States assumed the payment of the
debts of Texas, to an amount not exceeding
.$10,000,000; to bo paid, with the exception of
a sum falling short of '100,000, exclusively out
of the proceeds of the sales of her public lands.
Wo could not, with honor, take tho lands, with
out assuming tho full payment of all incum
brances upon them.
Nothing has occurred since your last session,
to induco a doubt that tho dispositions of Texas
remain unaltered. No intimation of an altered
determination, on the part of her Government
and People, has been furnished to the Executive.
She still desires to throw herself under the pro
tection of our laws, and to partake of the bles
sings of our federative system; while every
American interest would seem to require it.
The extension of our co.ist-wiso and foreign
trade, to an amount almost incalculable the
enlargement of the market for our manufactures
a constantly growing market for our agricul
tural productions safety to our frontiers, and
additional strength and stability to the Union,
these are the results which would rapidly devel
opo themselves, upon tho consummation of the
measure of annexation. In such event, I will
not doubt but that Mexico would find her true in
terest toconsist in meeting the advances of this
Government in a spirit of amity.
Nor do I apprehend any serious complaint
from any other quarter; no sufficient ground ex
ists for such complaint. We should interfere in
no respoct with the rights of any other nation.
Thcro cannot be gathered from tho act, any de
sign on our part to do so with their possessions on
this Continent. We have interposed no impedi
ments in the way of such acquisitions of territo
ry, large and extensive ns many of them are, as
the leading powers of Europ'o have mado from
timo to time, in every part of tho world. We
seek no conquest mado by war. No intrigue
will have beon resorted to, or acts of diplomacy
essayed to accomplish the annexation of Texas.
Free and independent herself, she asks to be re
ceived into our Union. It is a question for our
own decision, whether she shall be received or
not. -
The two Governments havi.ig already agreed,
through their respective orgnns, on the terms of
annexation, I would recommend their adoption
by Congress in the form of a joint resolution, or
act, to bo perfected and made binding on the
two countries, when adopted in like manner by
the Government of Texas.
In order that the subject may bo fully presen
ted in nil its bearings, tho corresondence which
has taken place, in reforenco to it, since the nd-
journment of Congress, between tho United
States, Texas, nnd Mexico, is herowith trans
mitted.
The amendments proposed by tho Senate to
the Contention concluded between the United
States and Mexico on the 20th of November,
1813, have been transmitted through our Minis
ter, for the concurrence of the Mexican Govern
ment; but although urged thereto, no action has
yet been had on tho subject ; nor has any answer
been given which would authorize a favorable
conclusion in the future.
Tho Decree of September, 18-13, in relation
to the rolail trudo, the order for the expulsion of
foreigners, and that of a mora recent date in re
gard to passports all of which are considered
as in violation of the Treaty of Amity and Com
merce between the two countries, have led to a
correspondence of considerable length between
the Minister for roreign Relations and our Rep
resentative at Mexico, biit without any satisfac
tory result. They remain still unadjusted; and
many and serious inconveniences have already
resulted lo our citizens in consequence of them.
Questions crowing out of the act of disarming
a body of Texian troops under the command of
Major bnivcly, by an ofheer in the service of the
United States, acting under the orders of our
Government; aud the forcible entry into the Cus
tom house at Bryarly's Landing, on Red River,
by certain citizens of the United States nnd ta
king away therefrom the goods seized by the
Collector of the Customs, ns forfeited under the
laws of Texas, have been adjusted; so far as the
powers of 'the Executive extend. The corres
pondence between tho two Governments in re
ference to both subjects, will be found amongst
the accompanying documents. It contains a full
statement of all the facts and circumstances,
with the views taken on both sides, and the prin
ciples on which the questions have been adjusted.
It remains for Congress to make the necessary
appropriation to carry the arrangement into eff
ect, which I respectfully recommend.
The greatly improved condition of tho treasury,
affords a subject for general congratulation. The
paralysis which had fallen on trade and commerce
and which subjected the Government to the ne
cessity of resorting to loans, and the issue of I
Tieasury notes to a large amount, has passed
away; and, after the payment of upwards of
,$7,000,000, on account of the interest, and in
redemption of more than $3,000,000 of iho pub
lic t(cut, 'which tails due on tho 1st ot January
next, and setting apart upwards of $2,000,000
lor the payment of outstanding Treasury notes,
and meeting an instalment of the debts of the
corporate cities ot the Uislnct ot Uolumbia an
estimated surplus of upwards of $7,000,000,
over and above (lie existing appropriations, will
remain in the Treasury at the close of the fiscal
year, bhould the I reasury notes continue out
standing, as heretofore, that surplus will be con
sidcrably augmented. Although all interest has
ceased upon them, and the Government has in
vitcd their return to the Treasury, yet they re
main outstanding; aitoiding great facilities to
commerce, and establishing the fact that, under
a well-regulated system of finance, tho Govern
ment has resources within itself, which render it
independent in timo of need, not only of private
loans, but also of bank facilities.
The only remaining subject of regret is, that
tho remaining slocks of government do not fall
duo at an earlier day; since their redemption
would be entirely within its control. As it is, it
may be well worthy the considoiation of Con
gress, whither the law establishing the sinking
fund under the operation of which the debts
of the Revolution aud tho last war with Great
Britain were, to a great extent, extinguished
should not, with proper modifications, (so as to
prevent an accumulation of surpluses, and limr
led in amount to a specific sum,) bo re-enacted.
Such piovis'ou, which would authorize the Go
vernment to go into the market for a purchase of
its own stock, on fair terms, would serve lo main
tain its credit at the highest point, and prevent,
to a great extent, those fluctuations in the price
ol its securities; vth.ch m'ght, under other cir
cumsiances, affect its credit. No apprehension
of this sort is, at this moment, entertained; since
the stocks of tho Government which but two
years ago were offered for sale to to copitalisls,
at home and abroad, at a depreciation, and could
find no purchasers, arc now greatly above par in
tho hands of the holders; but a wise and prudent
forecast ndinonishes us to place beyond the reach
of contingency the public credit.
It must also be u matter of unmingled gratifi
cation, that, under Ihe existing financial system--resting
upon tho act of 178U, and the resolution
of lblO, the currency of tho country has at
tained a state of perfect soundness; and the
rates of exchange between different parts of the
Union, which, in 1841, denoted, by their enor
mous amount, the great depreciation, and in fact
worthlessncss of the currency in most of the
States are now reduced to little more than the
mero expense of transporting specie 'from place
to place, and the risk incident to jlie operation.
In a new country Y. ke thai of tho United Statos
where so mady inducements are held out fur
speculation the depositories of the surplus rev
enue, consisting of Banks of any description,
when it roaches any considerable amount, re
quire the closest vigilance on the part of the
Government. All banking institutions, under
whatever denomination they 1 lay pass, are gov
erned by an almost exclusive reg.rrd to the in
terest of the stockholders. That interest con
sists in the augmentation of profits, in tho form
of dividends, and a huge surplus revenue en
trusted to their custody is but loo apt to lead to
excessive loans and to extravagantly large issues
of paper. As a necessary conscquenco, prices
are nominally increased, and tho speculative
mania everywhere seizes upon the public mind.
A fictitious state of prosperity for a season exists;
and, in the language of tho day, money becomes
plenty. Contracis are entered inlo by individ
uals, resting on this unsubstantial state of things,
but tho delusion speedily passes away, and the
country is overrun with an idebledness so weigh
ty as to overwhelm many, and lo visit every de
partment of industry with great and ruinous em
barrassment. The greatest vigilance becomes
necessary on tho part of Government to guard
against this state of things. The depositories
must be given distinctly to understand that tho
favors of tho Government will bo altogether
withdrawn, or substantially diminished, if its rev
enues shall bo regarded as additions to their
banking capital, or as thejjfoundalion of an enlar
ged circulation. The Government, through its
revenue has, at all times; an important part to
perforin in connexion with tho currency; and it
groatly depends upon its vigilance and care, whe
ther tho country be involved in embarrassments
similar fo those which it has had recently to en
counter; or, aided by tho action of the Treasury,
shall be preserved in a sound ai d healthy condi
tion. , ,
Tho dangers to be guarded against are greatly
augmented by too large a surplus of revenue.
When that surplus greatly exceeds in amount
what shall bo required by a wise and prudent
forecast to meet unforeseen contingencies, the
Legislature itself may coine to be seized with a
disposition to indulge in extravagant, appropria
tions to obfects, iriany of which may and most
probably would bo fbund to conflict with the
Constitution. A fancied expediency is elevated
above constitutional authority; and a reckless
nnd wasteful extravagance, but too certainly fol
lows. The important power of taxation, which,
when exercised in its most restricted form, is a
burden on labor and production, is resorted to,
under vajious pretexts, for purposes having no
affinity to the motives which , dictated its grant,
and the extravagance of Government stimulates
individual extravagance, until the spirit of a wild
and ill-regulated speculation, involves one and
ail in its UHfoitunale lesuhs. In view of such
fatal consequences, it may b laid down as an
axiom, founded in moral aud political truth, that
110 greater taxes should be imposed than are ne
cessary for an cconamical administration of the
Government; aud that whatever exislo beyond,
should bo reduced or modified. This doctrine
does in no way conflict with the exercise of a
sound discrimination in the selection of the arti
cles to be taxed, which a due regard to tho pub
lic weal would at all times suggest to the legis
lative mind. It leaves the range of selection un
defined: and such selection should alwavs be
mado with an eyo to the great interests of the
country. Composed as is the Union, of sepa
rate and independent Slates, a patriotic legisla
ture will not fail in consulting the interests of
the parts, to adopt such course as will be best
calculated to advance the harmony of tho whole;
and thus ensure that permanency in the policy of
the Government without which all elforts to ad
vance the public prosperity aro vain and fiuit
less. This great and vitally important task rests
with Congress; and the Executive can do no
more than recommend the general principles
which should govern in its execution.
I refer you to the report of tho Secretary of
war, ior an exhibition ot the condition of Ihe ar
my; and recommend to you, as well worthy your
best consideration, many of tho suggestions it
contains. The Secretary in no degree exagge
rates the great importance, of pressing foiward,
without ueiay, in the work of erecting aud fin
ishing the fortifications, to which he paiticularly
alludes. Much has been' done towards placing
our cities and roadsteads iu a state of security
against the hazards of hostile attack, within tho
last four years; but considering tho new ele
ments which iiavo been, of late years, employed
in the propelling of siiips, nnd tho formidable
implements of destruction which have been
brought into service, we cannot be too active or
vigilant in preparing and perfecting the means
of defence. I refer you, also, to his report for
a full statement of tho condition of the Indian
tribes within our jurisdiction. Tho Executive
has abated no effort in carrying into effect the
well-established policy of the Governmen
which contemp!a:es a removal of all the tribes
residing within the limits of the several States,
beyond those limits; and it is now euahle to
congratulate the country at tho prospect of an
early consummation of this object. Many ol the
tribes have already made great progress in the
arts o! civilized life; and through the operation
ofthe schools established among tliem, aided by
the efforts of the pious men of various religious
denominations who devo:e themselves to the
task of their improvement we may fondly hope
that, the remains of the formidable tribes which
were once masters of this country tvill, in their
transition from the sauitgo state, to a condition
of refinement and cultivation, add another bright
tiopoy to adorn tho labors of a well-directed phi
lanthropy. The accompanying report of the Secretary of
the Navy, will explain to you the situation of
that branch of the service. The present organ
ization of the Department, imparts lo its cpcia
tions groat efficiency; but I concur fully in the
propriety of a(divisiouof the Bureau of Construc
tion, Equioincnt, and Repairs, into two Bureaux.
Tho subjects, as now arranged, is incongruous,
and require, to a certain extent, information and
qualifications altogether dissimilar.
The operations of the squadron on the coast
of Africa have been conducted with wll due at
tention to tho object which led lo its organiza
tion; and I am happy lo say that the officers and
crewshave enjoyed the best possible health, un
der ths-svstein adopted by the officer iu com
mand. It is believed tho United Slates is the
only nation which has, by its laws, subjected to
the punishment of death, aspirates, those who
may be engaged iu the shue-trado. A similar
enactment on the part of other nations would
not fait to beaUeuded by beneficial results.
la consequence of Ihe difficulties which have
existed iu tne way of securing titles for the ne
cessary grounds, operations have not yet boon
commenced towards jl ho establishment of the
Navy Yard at Memphis. So soon as the title is
perfected, no further delay will be permitted to
intervene. It is well worthy of your considera
tion, whether Congress should not direct tho es
tablishment of a rope-walk, in connection with
the contemplated Navy Yard, as a measure jvA
only of economy, but as highly uiieful and "ne
cessary. Tho only eslahlislunaiit of the sort
now connected with the service is located a Bos
ton; and the advantages of a simeral establish
ment, convenient to tho hemp-growing region,
must be apparent to all.
The report of the Secretary presents other
matters to your consideration, of an importaut
character in connection with the service.
Iu referring you to the accompanying report of
the Postmaster General, it allords me coutinued
causo of gratification be able to adveit to the
fact that, the alfairs of the Department, for tho
last four years, have been so conducted as, from
its unaided resotnees, to meet its large expendi
tures. On my coming iuto office a debt of near
ly $3011,000 existed against tho Depailment,
which Congress discharged by an appropriation
from the Tieasury. The Department, on the
4th of March next, will bo found, under the
management of its present efficient head, free of
debt or embarrassment, which could only have
been done by the observance and practico of the
greatest vigilance and economy. The laws have
contemplated, throughout, ,that the Department
should be sclf-sustaiued ; but it may become ne
cessary, with tho wisest regard to the public in
terests, to introduce amendments and alterations
in the system. Thero is a strong desire mani
fested in many quartets, so to alter the tariff of
letter postage as to reduce tho amount of tax at
present imposed. Sliouid such a measure he
carried into effect, to tho fnll extent desired, it
cannot well bo doubted but thaf, for the firsi
years of its operation, a diminished revenue
would be collected, tho supply of which would
necessarily constitute a charge iion tho Treasu
ry. Whether such a result would bo desirable,
it will bo for Congress, in its wisdom, to deter
mine. It may in general bo asserled that, radi
cal alterations in any system should rather be
brought about gradually, thau by sudden changes;
and by pursuii-g this prudent policy iii the reduc
tion of letter postage, the Department might still
sustain itself through iho revenue which would
accrue by the increase of, lotters. The state
and condition of the pubic Treasury lias, here
tofore, been such as to have precluded the rec
ommendation of any material change. The
difficulties upon this head have, however, ceased,
and a largof discretion is nowjkft to the Gov
ernment. , ! .' , : '
, I cannot too strongly urgo the policy of au
thorizing tho establishment of a line of steam
ships regularly to ply between this country and
foreign perta, and upon our own waters, for the
transportation of the mail. The example- of the'
Iiritinh Government is welt worthy of imitation
in this respect. Uie Jjehcf is strongly enter
tained, that the emoluments arising from the
transportation of mail mstier (o furcnm coun
tries, would operate of itself as an inducement
to cause individual individual cnieipr.se to un
dertake that blanch of the ta.-k; and the remu
neration of the Government would consist in the
addition readily made to our steam navy in case
of emergency by the ships so employed. ShoiilJ
this sii ggest ion meet your approval, the proprie
ty of placing such ships under the command of
experience officers of the navy will not escape
your observation. The application of steam to
the purposes of naval warfare, cojeutly recom
mends 1111 extensive steam marine as important in
estimating the defences of the country. ' Forlt -
natcly, this may Le attained ly us to a gre.it ex
tent without incurring any great amount of ex
penditure. Steam vessels to be engaged in the
transportation of the mails on our principal wa'ei
courses, lakes and parts of our coast, could ulsn
be so constructed as to lie chic cut as war ves
sels when needed; and would, of themselves,
constitute a formidable force in order to lepel
attacks from abroad. We cannot be blind to Ihe
fact, that other nations have already added large
numbers of steam ships to llieir naval firma
ments; and Ihat this new and powerful ageut is
destined to revolutionize the condition of the
world It becomes the United States, therefore,
looking to their security, to adopt a similar poli
cy; aud the plan suggested will enable them to
do so at a small comparative cost.
I take the greatest pleasure in bearirp; li'stimc
ny of the zeal and untiring industiy which ha?
characterized the conduct of the members ofthe
Executive Cabinet. Each,' in his appropriate
sphere, has rendered mo tlio mrsi efficient a;d
in carrying on tho Government; and it will not.l
trust, appear out of place, for me to bear this pub
lic testimony. The cardinal objects which should
ever bo held in view by those entrusted with the
administration of public affairs, arc r;g;c:ly, nnd
without favor or affection, so to interpret tho na
tional will, expressed in the laws, as that ii-justice
should bo done to none, justice to all. Tlvs lias
been the rule upon which they have acted; and
thus, it is believed that few cases, if any, exist,
wherein our fellow-cilizens who, from timo to
t;me, have been drawn to the seat of Govorumont
fortho settlement of their transactions with the
Governnientjhavc gone away dissatisfied. Where
the (testimony has been perfected, and was es
teemed satisfactory, their claims , have been
promptly audited; and this in the absence of all fa
voritism or partiality. Tho Government which is
not just to its own People, can neither claim their
affection nor the reypocl of the world. At the
same lime, tho closest attention Iia3 horn paid to
those matters which relate more immediately to
tlio great concerns ot tlio countiy. Order and
eflicieucy in each branch of the public service,
have prevailed; accompanied hfj .system gf the
most rigid responsibility, on the part of the recei
ving; and disbursing agents. Tho f.icl , iu illus
tration of the truth of this remark, deserves to bo
noticed, that the revenues of tiie.Gavcrament. n-
mounting, in the lust four yents, to upwards of,
$120,000,000, hafe been collected and disbur
sed, throng!) Iho numerous Governmental ngputsj
without tho loss, bo default,, of any amount wor-!
thy of serious commentary.
The appropriations made by Congress for the
improvements cl the nvors of the west, and of I
the narbors on tne lakes, arc in a course t.-f judi
cious expenditure under suitable'agonts; and are
destined, it is to be hoped, to realize ail the ben
efits designed lo le accomplished by Confess.
1 cannot, however, sufficiently impress upon Con
gress the great importance of withholding Appro
priations from improvements which are not ascer
tained, by previous examination and survcv, to Le
necessary for t lie shelter and protection of trade
from t he d ingers t.f stormsaud tempests. With
out this precaution, tho cxpondi.nres aro but too
apt to ensure- to the benefit of individuals; with
out reference to the only consideration which cui
render Ihcin unconstitutional the public inter
ests and the general good.
I cannot too earnestly u:ge upon you the inter
ests of this District, over which, Ly tho Constitu
tion, Congress has exclusive jurisdiction, fi
would be deeply to be regretted should there be
at any time, ground to complain of neglect 011
the part ofa community which, detachod ns it is
from tho parental care of tho States of Virginia
aud M.uyl.ind.cnn only expect aid from Coii'ness.
as its local legislature. Amousrst tho subjects
v, uluu vnuiii jrnui auuiiuuii, ia uiu piurnpi oroiin
iz.uion id" an asylum for the insane, who may he
found, from time to time, sojourning wilhi 1 Ihe
District. Such course is also demanded by con
siderations which apply to branches of tho imblic
service. For the necess'ties in this behalf, to in-
viie your particular uhouiiou lo tlio report of tin.
Secretary ofthe Navy.
I have thus, gentlemen of t'.c two iIo-:, :3 t f
Congress, presented you a hue and faithful pic
ture ofthe condition of public affairs, both foie!";i
and domestic. The wauls of 1 ho public service
are made known to you; and matters of no ordi
nary importance aro urged upon your cousidera-
t'on. bliall I not be permitted lo conrui:i!.ite
you on the happy auspices under which you have
assembled, and at the important change in the
condition of things which has occurred in the last
threo years? During thai period questions with
foreign powers, of vital import'ince to tho pe ice
of cur country, have been settled and ndmstcd
A desolating and wasting war will) savage tribes
has been brought to a close. Tho internal tran
quility of our countiy, threatened by agitating
questions, has been preserved. The credit of
tho Government, which had experienced a lern-
poary embarrassment has been thuroiHilv restu
1 1. i 1. " '
ion. us i nn .th wuicii, ior a season, w;;re cmtitv.
i t i-i 1 1 1 '
riuu; ueen ropicnisneu. a currency, nearly u:n
form in its v:ilue, has taken tho pbre of ono do
predated and almost worthless. Commerce nnd
manufactures, which hud siillorej in common
with every other interest, have or-co moro revi-
ved; and the whole country exhibi's nn aspect ol
prosperity and happiness. Tradu and barter, no
longer governed by a wild and speculative mania
rests upon a solid and substantial fooliu": and the
rapid growth of our cities, in every direction, he-
speaKS most strongly tlio lavnrahio circumstances
by which wo aro surrounded. My happiness, in
tne ret.rcmont wii cti shortly awaiis m, is the
ardent hope which I experience, that this state
of prosperity is neither deceptivo nor destined
to be short lived; and that measures which have
not yet received its sanction, but winch I cannol
Kill rartMV.I na s.litc.!.. ...... .1 '.I .1 ,
..... ivjuii no (.iiiociy voi.liu c ft! Willi IllC lilltlOr,
the glory, and still more enlarged prosperity of
me tummy, mo ticsiuieu, at an early day, to re
ceive tlio approval of Congress. Under these
circumstances, nnd with these anticipations!
shall most gladly leave to othcis. more able Una
mysell, tire noblo and blessing task of sustaining
the public prosperity. 1 shall carry wi(h me into
reriremeni mo graf tyinjf reflection Ihat as my
sole object throughout his been lo advance the
public pood, I may not entirely have failed in
Bn,1I j ano mis grarilicaiion is Height-
enerj in no small dejrreo by tho fact that when
under a deep nnd abiding !ensa of, duly, I have
fotind mvsolfconstrained to resort to tho oualifiad
Veto, it fan. neither w (blln by d;,.!rP,eval
on the part of iha people, nor weakened in any
degree Ihciratlachment to that gieat coitscrvative
feature of our Government.
JOHN TYLER.
Washisotox, December, lfill.
NOTICE
IS hertbr given, that the:e will be n petition present
ed to the Commissioners of Harrisou comity, at their
ucit reuliir meeting, praying Ut the establishment of
a county road, commencing at the road leading Irom
Peoriu in Harrison county, to Anatoli in Jefferson
county, at or near Henry II. Beckett- Mill in German
township, tin lire in a southwest direction, the nearest
and best rout to intersect the eradod road leadintr from
Cadi lo New Lisbon, at or lieur the centre unity mevU
nig house, in saiu iuwnslup. Dec. 4, low -it
LOOK .IT Tins :
rrMIT. subscriber withe to dispose of his FARM.
1 situate in Kundey townsliiu, Harrison county,
Oliio, containing one hundred and sixty acres. The -iniprovcffients
consist of u large two story frame house,
with a good frame kitchen attached ; a large frame
barn, and other out buildings: there are also two
young and thriving orchards of excellent appks ami
peaches. Between ninety and ono hundred acres of
said farm nre under cultivation, 'be remainder well
timbered. The hind lies and produces well, and suf
ficiently wate.ed. For farther particulars apply on the
premises. " ' JOHN M. WANE,
decc-tuber 4 . . '. ' ,
VDM IX ISTR YTOH'S NOTICE In pureuanceof
an order of the Court of Common Pleas to lue
directed, I will offer for sale, at public auction, at tho
door of the Court House, in tho town of Cadiz. Harri
son county, Ohio, on Saturday, the 4th day of January
1845, thc'fullawirig real estate, towit: Farlofthe North
east quarter of section 6.Tp. 9.K.4, irj the Sttubeuville
Land district, containing 4 Acres & 12 perches, and
being the s-imc tract of land on which (Jeorge Arthur
lived at the time of Ids death, on which there iaawool
en factory aud other valuable improvements. Terms
will be made known on the day of sale.
WILLIAM REED, '
dec. 4 pd Jlilmiuislrahr rf (Jeo. ,blhur rfcc'i.
CUMMIN.:. -
HIE Subscribers have just received from the East
ern cities, a very extensive and general assort
ment of Full nnd Winter Goods, which they offer for
sale at their well known store room, one door east of
the Post-Ollicc, on the mast accommodating term.
All persons wishing to purchase goods, tire particularly
requested to call and examine their stock before pur
chasin; elbewherp, ns they arc determined to be un
dersold by none. The following comprise a part ot
their stock :
DRY HOODS.
Broad Cloth?, from $l,.r0 to $G,5D cents per yard,
Cuspimeres pluia and fancy, Velvets silk and cotton,
Sattiuctt plain and fancy, Vestings Satin Fancy Stc,
Jeans and Flannels, Sarceuctts lllack silk fij.,
Crape black and Lore, Cravats nnd Stocks,
Muslins and Drillings, Shawls and Handk'ch'ft,
lied Ticking,
Irish Linriep. Black and Ifur'u Cinghnms, Cotton Flaiv
nels, Gala Fluid, Cloak Linings, Checks nnd Diapers,
Cambrics, Cilicoes, ftiile Alpaccns, Alpacca Lustra
barred and plain, Merinoes, Slunstin do Lnines, Cnsh
mete do Casse, Bombazines, Gimps, and Fringes, liih
bed and Plain Cashmere Kusc, Cloves and Mils, Sus
penders, Trodoa Cornfoitp, Fur, Cloth, PJusk and Seal
Caps, Loudon Whip, Carriage anil Riding Whips
Trttvelllnj Baskets, Umbrellas, "Window Paper, Ko
mpliup, lodgings, Laces, Uiack Silk Cravats, &c. Sto.
ISardivarc,
China Glass, and Qucensvvarc; '
ti-general nraortmcnt. Iron, Nails, Castings, Wagon
1'nj.fs, Window Ghtss: tot-ether with Cotton and Cord
ietto yam, Wickin, Eat'.inj, Polo Leather; 1000 feet
Mahogany Veneering, Sic. &c.
GROCERIES.
Cofice from 8 to 12 ccnti per pound, N. O. Loaf ami
Ahiplc Sugar, N. O. and t-nigar Houno- Molasses, Mad
der, Alum, Indigo, Kofin and fancy Soup, Scotch ami
Uappcc Simlf, Sperm and Tanner's Oil; a genuine arti
cle of Tobacco, ami all other articles usually kept In
stores.
All kinds of merchantable produce taken at the high
est market price, and cas.li thankfully received.
Oct. Jjtfih, 1841, HOGG &, TIPTON.
r; v . 5 - s-
The foVuwht wc hate just received fromMessr.
F.ill, Mt'L'racncntif Co., agents for the sale of
15 i'.-,.j;-1.j iialsamof XYtld Cherry, Lancaster,
Ohio:
TO TIIE PUBLIC!
" I feel it mv dutv, as an act of kindnc3S to the afflio
led, to inform them that Wistar's Balsam of Wild Cbet
y has done for my dandvtcr. There is manv a Daren1
who has .civen up a beloved daughter or son, aa a prey
to that fell destroyer, Consumption. They have as I
have done tried all the moHt skilful and eminent phy
sicians within their knowledge, and till of the uiukI
popular remedies that seemed to hold out sonic hope for
a continuance uf li lb, wuhout rreiti.nir, tiny relief.
"To all such, who, like me, have been seeking with
trembling hope lot noma remedy of real efficiency, I
would say, seek no farther, but try at once Dr. Wistar's
Iiuhnm of Wild Cherry. My daughter Sarah J alio,
aged 17 yenrs, v. hose lite for months hud been despair
ed of, and was supposed as sure prey to Consumption,
has been cured! rcstoie. l to perfect health ! and that too,
by usinir. liro hatlcs of Dr. Wiaiar's liulsam of Wild
Cherry." JONATHAN COOLSON. ,
Greenfield Tp., Fairfield Co., O., March 15, 18-11
BALSAM OF WILD CHERRY.
The attention of the afflicted is becoming more ond
more attracted to thi3 incomparable remedy for Atlh
ma, lhonehiUi, Coughs, Consumptiim, &x. But it ii
nccof sary to remind nil who would get the true article,
to inquire particularly for Dr.. Wist it's Balsam or
Wild Cm iinv, nnd take tiothine; clue. Unprincipled
dealers vill t-Alijnu that Smttr op Vjt.o Citr.RRV, or torn
tilhcr cr:ii;h medicine ii equally asgood. Ilitiritlu m
sot tlir, only uaul your money. . licmcmber il u
WLSTAtt'S BALSAM OF WILD CHERRY,"
thai r U mily relieves InU cures!
1', ice. $ per bottle, or six bottle far five dollars,
I'or .nlr in Cincinnati only by SANFOltD & PARK",
ll'eilcan Depot of Valuable m-iieinct,
Curncr of Fourth ami I In I nut streets.
Sold also by V. B. BF.KBK,
C.4DTZ, OHIO.
Nov- , 1814. . .;(. - -,
FALL AND WINTER GOODS.
S. & IL McFAIMJEN
(t.r s, ..i:ft'""f!s
HAVE received, and Are jot t
receiving, a tSplendidand
hoice .Slock oi Full and Win
ter tioods, consisting in part of ,
tiie loliowmg articles, ViZ! Blue,
Binck, Biawn, Green and other
S$WJti??&'3S?a colo!S J'eavor Cloths; Black,
ifjr-: ' it 'Vf'i, .-a'''110 Bm' tancy Cussimeres,Cae-f&4'IXr-S;-islitietls,
BulCtlo Cloths, Vesting,
Flannels; a jrreut variety of men's and boy's Cupa, ve
ry cVnp; Crape do Cnssi, Caahino'O da Eooise itome
hos,Cinpe do Lano, Tenobi.-is, Alpnocis, and Merinos,
a great variety for ladies dresses; Ginghams, Prints,
Checks nnd Bed Ticking ; Woolen and &lk Shawls:
also. Hardware Iron, Nails, SIiovcIbj QueonswareanJ
Ladies' Bonnets, together with a great variety of other
articles too-teUtoas to mention.- .. ,.'..'
5K Bushels Dried Penchw, '". -' "V
1.00f Bushels dried Apple.
1 0.OOO Pounds Roll Butter.
OOO Bushel Timothy Seed, . , ,
3CO liiifhels of Flaxseed, . .
300 Bushels Clover Seed, . '.
For which the highest market prrlce will he given. '
We solicit the puhlic, bcAne making Ihtir pnrchnso
elsewhere, to call and examine oursto;k,;n we flutter
ourselves iliat it caouotbe beat in tlir county. '
Oct. 10th. ! . . . ; ;
School looks.
171CLF,CTIC ml Goodrich's Random,' Geography,
.J Grmnmurennd Spellers, Uihles, Tostumonts, Tunj'm
and Hymn Books, for le by
uci, jutn.
IIOGG&TIPTOV.
1ST ALDIE'S CIRCULATING LIBRARY he
yy becn rcstllmM, nd tha chn,Xo of it, former
editor. It will rum- be called the " Weekly Volume.
' V Garner position a tho beat of ihe p-
T'0 j'!''3, "b"Jon price $i per annum,- and iU
bXr ,T " XnlTM.
V
A
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