Newspaper Page Text
TERMS,-SU5 CADIZ, OHIO, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1862 ;V0LUB1E 29, NO 33. ..n ...u. . - 1 ; : if TUB PRESIDENT'S ltlESSAUB. f, v.,. m?. '.: mi . . ' i . FtQoyCitiitni of the Smoej ' ,,rt --- ,: and Hons of PepretmUtttVes: -,-1 Sine your last annual assembling another u yearof health aad boontiiul hervesta hi - . -passed, and while it hu not pleased the Almighty to bless us with the return of peace, we can but press on, guided by the best light He gives os, trusting in His own " food Uum and wiaa way, all will be well. lOBBlOK A1TAIKH. .The correspondence touching foreign af j, tire, which baa taken place during the past njear, in herewith submitted in virtual com , phanc with a raqueet lo that effect, made r by the House of Representatives, near the r close Of the last Session of Congress. If the Condition of our relation with other nations m is lest gratifying than it hsg usually i been at e former periods, it is certainly more satisfac tory than a nation to unhappily distiscled as we are might reasonably have apprehended. K la the month o( June last thero weie some ground to expect that the niaratime potters which at the beginbing of our domestic dif ficulties, to unwisely . and unnecessarily, as we think, recognised the insurgents as bel , ligerani, would toon recede from that post lion, which has proved only lest injurious to themselves than to ou own country. But! the temporary reverset which afterward De nial the National arms, and Which were ex ggeiated by our disloyal citizeus abroad bave hitherto delayed that set of simple jus tice. y-. ,-. .,'.!. .) . ;The;Civil War, which hat to radically changed tor a moment the occupations and habits of the American people, has neressa rily disturbed the social conditions and a Hee led very deeply the naiions with which Vo ' have carried on a commerce that has been steadily increasing throughout a period of , iialf a century. It has, at the same time, excited political smbiticnsand apprehensions which have produced a profound agitation throughout the civilizid world. In unusual agitation, we hare forborne from taking part in any controversy between foieign States, and between parties or factions in such Stales. We l ave attempted oV pit rrgan dicin-and acknowledged no lesolulion. But we have left to- every nation the exclusive .conduct snd management of its own all'airg. Our struggle has been, of course, contempla ted. by foreign nations with reference less to its own merits than to its supposed and often exaggerated effects, and the consequen ces resulting to those naiions themselvis. Nevertheless, complsint on the part of this government, even if it were just, would cer tainly be unwise. . THK SLAVE TRADE. Tl.e tnaly with Great Britain rer the sup presfion of African Slave trade, has been put iu operation with a good prospect of com plete sutcess. It is an occasion of uncial pleasnre to acknowledge that the execution -of it on the part of tier Mnjcsty's Uovrin auent hs been marked niih a Jealous re spect for the authority of the United Stales, and the tigh s of their moral and lojal cit ixens. .ii'-:;. '. STADT IiUKS. The Convention with Hanover for the l,o lition of the Hndl dues has been cairied into full effect Under the Act of Corgrcss lor that purpose. .. . ..'..- ' IIIK BLOCK A DK. i A blockade of three thousand miles of sea coast could not be established and vigor ously enforced in a season of great coiiiiner ,ci:il activity like the present, without com milting occasional mi-lakes and inflicting unintentional injuries upon foreign nations and their sub jects. A civil war recurring :in a country where foreigners reside and enr iry on trade under treaty stipulaiions, is tie ces.'arily fruitful of complaints of Ihe viola- ion ot neutral rights; all such collisions 'tend to excite misapprehensions, and possi bit to product mutual reclamations between nations which have common interest in .preserving peace and friendship. In clear cases of these kind, I have, so far as possi ble, heard and redressed complaints which iiavs been presented by friendly powers. There in, however, a large and' augmenting nnmber of doubtful cases upon which the Government is unable to agree with the Gov ernmenU whote protection is demanded by the claimants. : There are, moreover, many - case ia which, the United Stales or their citizens sulfur wrongs from the naval or mil siaty authorities ol foreign nations, which ihe government of these States are not at once prepared to redreps. I , have proposed to some of the foreign States thus interested jiiutual.ojnvenliona to examine Snd adjust such complaints. ,'J his proposition has been ,mad especially to Great Britain, to Fiance, 'to Spain and to .Prussia. In each case it has been kindly received, but has not yet been formally adopted.. I, deem it my duty to recommend an appropriation in behall of ..the ownersof the Norwegian bark Admiral ; ?. Tordena Bivla, which vessel was, in May, , 1 (32, prevented bv ' the commander of the blockading force, off Otaerleston, from leaving that port with her -cargo, noi withstanding a similar privilege had shortly before been granted to an KngKA vessel. I have direc 4d the Secretary -of State to cause the pa pers m titease ra ba communicated to the proper committee. ..-'i .f'i , , ?n colosizatiost scbbbib. . Applii ations have been made to 1110 by ma ny free; Americans of A frican descent, to fa vor their emigration, . with a view, to such .colooizatiou as was contemplated in recent .sets ef CongnasV Other parties,' at borne and abroad, some from interested motives, effort upon patriotic considerations, and B'till others inlluenced by philanthropic sen tiinents, , have -suggested similar measures, While on the other band several of the Span Mb, American Kepublics have.-protested (against the sending of such eolouies to their Vespective territories. ;; w Underbtte circumnfances I have declined to move any such colony to any State with trt first obtaining the consent ol its govern toteqt, with an agreement on its part to re Bervs and protect such emigrants in all their rights of freeineri, snd I i bave st the came We oOre" to the several Slates situated in Has trupios, ev baring colonies there, to ne fo&tfet erith them, subject to the advice snd content of (lie Senate, to favor the voluntary emigration ef person inat cl to their respective; territories, upon conditions which shall be equal,' Just and humans. . Liberia snd Usfttsrsss jt he only countries to which eoloniils of Afrfcaa descent from here could go with eerUiu'y of being received and adopted ss eitisnns, and t regret to say that such persons conteinpiating coiouiiauondo -not ssern so willing , to emigrate , to those countries as to sone otbe nor s willing, s I think, their interests demands. I be lieve, however, the opinion among them in this respect k improving, aiid that ere long there will be a augmented and considerable emigration to both lhast countries frottt th Unitsd States. :v.i ,t-u ti-i !! .1 1 iOOXXBBCIAt.. TBBATtES'. ri ." ' The ew oomuiercial treaty between till United States tni the Suttsn of Turkey has beea carried into execution. A commercial and consular trsst hsi besai negotiated, tub jeetto ths 8snsr content, with ,1-iberia, an4 'Similar negotiation it now pending with the Ilepublio ef Uayti. A considerable imorovsmsBt of the national commerce is ex- peeitd to mult front thsrs measures. Our relatront with Gr eat Britain, France, Bpain, I Portugal. Rufsis. Prnssia, Denmark, Swe den, Austria, Netherlands, Italy, Rome, and the other European Slates remain undistur bed. Very favorable relations also continue to be maintained With Tuikey, Morocco, Chins and Japan. During the past year there has not only been no charge Of oh)1 previous relations witn be Independent States of our own continent, but more senti mtnts of cordial good will are believed to be entertained by these neighbors, whose safely and ' prepress are so Intimately connected with our own. Th t ststement csp'ei.ally applies to Mexico, Costa Kica, JNic-aragua, Honduras. Peiu and Chili. The commission, under tne unren ion wi n in. P . - , .. -,, , r new virenaua, ciou iu .u uu. session havinir audited and passed upon II tha claims which were submitted to it. A pro position is pending to revive the contention, that it may be aWe to do more complete jus tice. The commission between the Uaited States and the Republics of Costa Rica has completed its labors, and submitted its re port. I have favored the project for connect ing the United Btates with Europe, by an Atlantic telegraph, and a similar project to extend the telegraph from San Francisco to connect by a Pacific telegraph with the wire which is being extended across the Russian Euipue. TERtllTonlAL AFFAIRS. Tht Territories of the United States, with unimportant exceptions, have remained un disturbed by the civil war, and they are ex hibiting such evidence of prosperiiy as jus tides an expectation that tome ol them will soon be in a condition to be organized as States and be constitutionally admitted into the Federal Union. Tho hnrmense material resources of those teriitories ought lobe de veloped as speedily as possible. Every step in that direction would '.ve a tendency to improve the revenues ol the government and uiminifh the burdens of the people It is worthy of jour serious consideration wheth er tome extraordinary measures to promote the end cannot be adopted. 1 he means whicn suggesied itself most likely to be effected is a fcieniilic exploration ol tne mineral re gions of these territories with a view to a publication of its reaults at nome ana in ior eigri countries, remits which cannot fail to be auspicious. The condition of the finan ces will claim your most diligent cons dera tion. riVAXtCAt. AFFAIRS. The vast expenditure incident to the mili tary and naval opperations nquired lor the suppression of ihe rebellion, bave hitherto been met with a promptitude, and certainly u.iusual in similnr ciiculnstances, snd the public credit has been fully maintained. The continuance ol the war, however, and the in creased disbursements made Decfl-ary by Ihe augminted forces now in the field demand your best reflections as to the test mode of providing necessary revenue without injury to business, and with the least possible bur den tipoa lab r. The suspension of spettiu payment by the' binks soon after the com mencement of your last session made large issues of United States Noies unavoidable. In no other way could ihe payment of trocps and the satisfaction of other just demands be so economically or as well provided for. The judicious legislation ol Congress eecur ing the receivability of these notes for loans and internal duties, and making tbcm a le gal tender for other debts, has made them universal currency, and has satisfied, parti ally at least, and for the time, the long felt want of an unilorm calculating medium, sav ing thereby to 'he piople immeuse sums in discount and exchanges. A return to specie payments, however, at the earliest period compatible with due regard to all interests, should ever be kept in view. Fluctuations in the value of currency are always injurious, and to reduce these fluctu ations to the lowest possible poiut will al ways be a leaJing purpose in wise legisla lion. ' Convertililitr, prompt and certain conver libilily into coin, is generally acknowledged to be the best and iiirrsl guaid against iliem, and it is exiremely doubtful whether a cir culatiou of United Stales notes, payable in coin, and suficienily large lor the wants of the perple, can be permanently, usefully and safely maintained. Is there, tfien, any oth er mode in which the necessary previsions for the public wants can be made, and the great advantages of a safe and uniform cur tancy secured. I know of none which proin ises so certain results, and at the same time so unol jectionable, as the organization of Banking Associations under a general act of Uongress, well guarded in (ts provisions. To such associations the Government might furnish circulating notes, on the security of U. S; Bonds deposited in the Treasury. These notes, prepared under the supervision of proper i lfiecrs,, being unifoim in appear ance and security, and convertible always into coin, would at once piotect labor against the evils of a vicious currency and facili ato commerce by cheap and safe exchanges. A moderate reseivaiion from the interest on bonds would eo inpensate the Uniled States for the preparation and distribution of the notes, and a general supervision of the sys tem, and would lighten the burden of that part ol the public debt employed as secu rity. . ' ' The public credit, moreover, would be greatly improved, and the negotiation of r.ew loans greatly facilitated by the steady mar ket demand for Govrrnment' bonds which the adoption of the lecommendaiion of the measure ol considerable weight, in my judge mem, that it would reconcile as br as possi ble all existing interest by the opportunity offered to existing institutions to tecognize tinder the act, substituting only the lecured unifoim national circulation for Ibe local and various circulation, stcured snd unsecured, now issued by them. . - - . V l'llBASUBY RECEIPT. The receipt into the Tiea ury from all sources, including loans and balanpe from ihe preceding year for the fiscal year ending on the 80th of June, lBOUi were $583,885,247, 06, of which sum $49,O50,8U7 62 were de rived from customs; $1,71)5,331 73 front the direct tax; from public lands, $152,203, 77; from miscellaneous sources, $031,787 64; from loans iu all forma, $523,602,460 50 I'he remainder, $2,257 ,Uo5 BO, was the bal snce from last year. ,".. ,rM . , BxreXDITUBM. ... The disbursements during the same period weia: - For Congressional, Exeiuiiie and Judicial purposes, $5,939,0011 29, 'or foieign intercourse, $1,339,710 35; lor miscellaneous expenses, including the unn.s, loans, post oltice deficiencies, collection of revenue, and olboi like charges. $14,129,771 50; for ex panses under the Interior Department, $3, 102,085 52; onder the , War Department, $394368,407 36; under the Navy Depart ment, $42,674,569 69, for interact on the public debt, $13,190,324 45, and for the payment of the public debt, including reim bursement of temporary loan and tedeuip .tions 90,096,929 09; making to aggregate of $570,811 ,7UU 25, and leaving a balance in the Treasury on the 1st day of July,l8G2, of $13,043,546 8L It should b observed that the sum of $96,090,922 00, expended for reimbursement and Redemption of the public debt, being included also in the loans . At JJ .-J , .1 made, may ve promptly ueuucieo irom noin tho receipts snd expenditures, lcaying tht actual receipts for the year $487,788.324 87, and the expenditures $474,744,788 IS. Other information on the subject of .the finanttt Will be found in the , report of the Secretarv of the Treasury, to whose state menla and views I invite your most candid and Considerate attention. ilAVT AKD WAS BEP0BT8 The reports of the Secretaries of the Navy and War are herewith transmitted. Theve reports though lengthy, are certainly nothing mors than brief abstracts- of ' the very numerous and extensive transactions and rpeialions conducted through these De- I partmeott. . Nor could I give a summary of fcucuu uerw uuun any unnr.iuia win them here npon an; principle which would ,dmit of its bine much shorter than the re , .viv-.. I thr.for. r.otilent r-- " "7 ' ------ my- self with uing the reports before you. atk ing your attention to them tOBTAL AFFAIRS. ' . It gives me pleasure to report a decided improvement in the financial condition of the Post Office Department as compared with several preceding years. The receipts for the fiscal year 1861, amounted to $8,349,. 296 40, which embraced tJfe reVetous from all the States of the Union for three quarters of that year, notwithstanding the cessation of revenue ftom the to called seceded States during the last fiscal year. The increase of the correspondence of the loyal States has been sufficient to produce a revenue d'SfrTrig the same year of $8,299,820 90, being only $50,000 less than was derived from all the Slates cf Ihe Union during the previous year. The expenditures show a still more favorable result. The amount expended in 1861, was $13,606,759 11. For the last year the amount has been reduced to $11, 125,364 13, showing a decrease of about $2 481,000 in the expenditure as compared with the preceeding years; about $3 750,000 as compared with the fiscal year 1861. The deficiency in the Department for the previous year was $4,5ol,9bo Uo. For Ihe last hscal year it was reduced to $2,112,814 57. These favorable results are in part owing to the cessaiinn ol mail service in the insurrec tionary States, and in part to a' casual re view ol Ihe expenditures in that Department, in the interest of economy. The efficiency of the postal service, it is believed, has also been much improved. The Postmaster General also opened a correspondence through the Department ol State with foreign governments, proposing a convention of postal representatives, for the purpose of simplifying the rates Of for eign postage, and to expedite the foreign mails. This proposition, equally important to our adopted cilizens and to the commer cial interests of this counlty, has been favor ably entertained and agieed to by all the governments from whom replies have been lecetWtl. I aik Ihe atleniion of Congress to the suggestions of the Postmaster General, in his report, respecting the further legisla tion requited, in his opinion, for the benefits of the postal seiviee. , rVBLlc tAXbs. The Secretary of the Interior reportB as follows in regard to the public lands! The nublic lands have ceared to be' a source of revenue. Fiom the 1st ol July, 1861, to the 30ih of September, 18U2, the entire cash receipts from the sale of lands were $137, 476 26, a sum much less than the expense of our land system during the same period. The homestead Law, which will take effect on the 1st ol January next, offers such in ducements to settlers that sales for cash can not he expected to an extent sufficient to meet the expences of ihe general land office, and the cost of surveying and bringing the lund into market. The discrepancy between the sum here staled as arising Irom the sales of the public lands, and the sum derived from the same source as reporied from the Treasury I)e partroent, arisef, as I understand, from the lact that the periods of time, though appar ently, wore not really ro incident at the be ginning points. The Treasury report, in eluding a considerable sum now, which bad previously been reported from the Interior, snfiicieniiy large as to preat'.y overreach the sum deiived from the three months now ro ported open by the Interior, and not by the Treasury. INDUS -TBBATfBS. The Indian tribes Upon our frontiers have, dnring ihe past year, manifested a spirit of insubordination, and at several points have engaged in open hostilities against the white setth ments in their viciniiy. The tribes occupying the Indian country south of Kan sas, renounced the allegiance to the United States and entered into treaties with the insurgents. Those who remained loyal to the United Slates were driven from- the country. The chief of the Cherokees has visited this city for the purpose of restoring the former relations of the tribe with the Uniled States. He alleges that they were constrained by superior lorce to enter into treaties with the insurgents, and that the United States neglected to lurnish the pro tection, which their treaty stipulations re quired. In the month of August last, the (Sioux Indians in Minnesota attacked the setth ments in their viciniiy, with extreme ferocity, killing indisciiminately, men,' wo men and children. ' This attack was wholly unexpected, and, there'ote, no means of do fense had been provided. It is estimated that no less than eight huudred persons were killed by the Indians, and a large amount Ol property was destroyed. How this out break was induced is not definitely known, and suspicions, which may be unjust, may not be stated.- In'ormation was recti ved by the Indian Bureau, Irom different sources, about the time hostilities weie commenced, that a simultaneous attack was to be made upon the white settlements by all the tribes between the Mississippi river and the Rocky Mountains. The -Mate of Minnesota has suffered great injury from (hist Indian war, A Urge portion of her territory has been de populated, and a severe loss has been sustain ed by the destruction of property. The peo ple of that State manifest much anxiety for the removal of the tribes beyond tba limits ol the Stale as a guarantee against future hostilities. The Commissioner of Jr.dian Affairs will furnish full details. I Submit for your especial consideration whether- Our Indian system shall not be remodeled. - Man? wise snd good men have been inpress ed with the belief that this can be profitably done. " -' 1 "' ' MIMTABT ROADS, " ' ' ' I submit the statement of the proceedings of the Comuiissionets, which shows the pro giess that has been made in the enterprise of constructing the Pacific railroad, and thus suggests the earliest completion of ihe road, snd also the lavprable action of Congnss upon the projects now pending before lUtm lor enlarging the Capacities of the great ' ca nals in New York and Illinois as being of vital and - rapidly increasing importance to tbt whole nation, snd especially to the vast interior region, hereinafter to be noticed St SOme greater length.. 1 propose having pre pared and laid be lore you st an early day tome interesting and valuable statistical- in formation upon th it subjects. The military Kind commercial importune of enlarging .the Illinois and Michigan Uanal and improving the Illinois River is prase n.ed in the report of Colonel Webster to the Secretary of War, and now transmitted to Congress. I respect fully ask attention to it. - - - AOaiCVJLTCBAfc OBPABTtrENT. '- To carry out the provisions ot the act Of Congress of the 16th of ' May last, I have used the department Of agriculture of the United States to be organised. The com missioner infoims me that withi'rt the period of a few months the department has estab lished an extensive system of correspondence and exchanges, both st rw me end abroad, which promise to effect highly beneficial re aul a in the development of s correct knowl edge ol recent improvemests in egricUlt'jrei in ihe introdection ol new products and in the collection of the agricultural statistics of the different States; also that it will toon be prepared to distribute largely seeds,- ce reals, plants and cuttings, and has already published and liberally diffused much value ble in format iod, in anticipation of a mora elaborate report, wbioh will indue time be furnished, embracing some valuable tests in chemical science, now in progress in Ihe la boratory.' The creation ot this department wat for the more immediate benefit of a large clars of our most valuable citizens, and I Iru-t that the liberal basis npon which it has been organized will not only meet your approbation, but that it will realize, at no distant day, all the fondest; anticipations of Us most sanguine friends, and become the fruitful source of advantage to all our people. . L()n the 22d day of September last, a proc lamation was issued by the Executive, a copy of which is herewith submitted: - COMPKilSATllD EBASCIPATIOK. In accordance with the purpose expressed in thetecond paragiapb st that paper, I now respWly tetyll jour attention to what may be called "Compensated Emancipation." A natiOD may be said to consist of Its terri tory, its people and its laws. The territory is the only part which is of certain durabili ly. One gei eratlon passeih awayi and an other generation comet h, but the earth' abi deth forever. It is ot the first importance to duly consider and estimate lots ever end ui ing part. That portion ot the earth's surface which is owned by Ihe people of. the United States is well adapted ly be llie home ol one national family, and it fs Dot well adapted lor two or more. Its wat extent and its variety of climate and production are of ad vantage Jn the ageol one people, : whatever they might have been in former ages! Steam and telegraph, in intelligence, bare brought these to be an advantageous combination for one united people. ' ; - " THK FUGITIVE 8LAVIS LaWV ; In tbe Inaugural Addresri I britilv point ed out the total inadequacy of disunion as a remedy for the differences between the peo pie ol (he two sections. I did so in language which 1 cannot improve, and which, iliero lore, I beg lo repeal; "One section of our country believes slavery is right, and ought to be extei.ded, while the other believes it is wrong and ought not to be extended. This is the only substantial dispute. The fugitive slave clause of the Constitution, and the law for 'ho suppression ol the African slave trade are each as well enforced, peihaps, as any law can ever le in a community where the moral sense of tbe people imperfectly sup per s ihe law itself. Tbe great body of the people abide by the dry legal obligation m bolh cases, and a few break over in each. This 1 think cannot be perectly cured, and it would be worse In both cases after the separation of the tedious than before, Tbe foieign slave Hade, now imperfectly sup pressed, would be ultimately revived with r ut restriction in one section, while fugitive slaves, now only partially sunendered, would not be surrendered at all by the others. Physically speaking, we cannot seperate; we cannot remove our respective sections from each other, nor tuild an impassible wall be tween them. A husband and wife may be divorced, ai d go out of tho piesence and be yond ihe reach of each other, but the differ ent par is of our country cannot do this. They cantiot but remain face to lace, and intercourse eilher amicable or hostile must continue between them. Is it impossible, then, to make thai intercourse more advan tageous or more satisiactory alter separation than be 'or.? Can aliens make treaties easier than Irierds can make laws? Can treaties be more faith'ully enforced between aliens than laws can among liicnds? Suppose you go to war, you cannot fight always, and when after much loss on both sides, aad tto gain on either) you cease fighting, ihe identical old question as to terms .ol intercourse are aga n upon you." ; .-, :,'; i ... ,.,.,.! NO NATURAl- 1lSB 01' DIVISION. . There is no line, straight or crooked, suita ble for a natural boundary upon which to divide. Trace through Irom east to west upon the line bel weed the free and slave country, and we shall find a little more than one-thud of its length are rivers easy lo be crossed and populated) or soon to be popula ted, thickly upon both sides, while nearly all its remaining length are, merely surveyois' lines, over which people may walk back and forth, without any consciousness of their presence, no part 01 in is line can be made any more difficult to pass by writing it down on paper or parchment, as a national boon dary. . The lact of heparalion.il it comes, gives up on the part of the sectional obliga tions upon the seceding section the fugitive slave clauses along with all o-her constitu lional obligations upon ihe section seceded Irom. While I should expect no treaty stipulation, wouU even bo made to take its place. : ., ; , , .. , TERRITORIAL' MAGNITUDE. But there is another d lbculiy. The great Interior region bounded east by tbe Alleghe nirs, north by tbe Iiritish d minions, west by the Rocky Mountains, south by the line along which the culture of cotton and corn . ' i .i.:-t. : i. .j.. . i -tr: meets, anu nuicu iiiciuucs uiiiui, Virginia, part ol .Tennessee, all of Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, Mis souri, Kansas, lowu, Minnesota, and the teriitories ol Dtkotah, Nebiaka, and part Coloi ado, has above ten millions ol people, and will have fifty millions within filly years if not prevented by . any political Jolly or mistake. It contains more than one third of the country owned by the United States, certainly moie than one million of . square rules, once half as populous as Massachu setts already is, it would bave more than seventy five millions of people. A glance at the map shows that, territorially speak ing, it is the great body of the Ilepublio. The other parts are but marginal borders to it, the magnificent region sloping west Irom ibe Rot ky Mountains to tbe . Pacific being Ihe deepest and also the lichest in undevel oped resources iii he production of provis ions, grains, gra-ses, aud all which proceed from them, this great- interior reg on is nat urally one ol the most important in tbe WOrld. . - . y ;:! FOREIGN OUTLETS. ; . Ascertain 'irom the statistics the Email proportion o' , the region which has as yet been brought into cultivation, and a large ud rapidly increasing amount of its products, and ws shall be overwhelmed with the mag nitude of the prospect presented; and yet this region has no sea. coast, touches no ocean anywhere. As part of one nation, its pto pie now find, snd may forever find, their way to fcurnpe by New York;' to South,. America and Africa by New Orleans, sod to Asia by San Francisco. But seperate our common country into two nations at designed by the present' rebellion, and every man of thia creat inlerior region ia hereby cut bff from some one or more of these outlets, not per nios, bv a physical barrier, but by embarras sing and unorous trade regulations, and this is true whenever a dividing or Boundary una may be fixed. Place it between tie now free and slave country, or place it South of Kentucky, or North ol Ohio, and atill the truth remains, that none south of it can trade lo any port or place north of it, and i one norih ol H can trade to any port or place south of it, except upon terms dictated by a government foreign to them. ' These outlets east, west and south are in dispensable lo the well being ol ihe people inhabiting rd to inhabit this vast inlerior region . Which of the three may be the best) is no proper question. All are better ibsh either, and all of right relong to the people and to Iheir .successors forever. True to themselves they will not ask where a line of separation shall be, but will vow rather that there shall be no such lire. -Nor are tbe marginal regions lest interested in these communications lo and through them to the great outside world. They too and such ot them must have access to this Egypt of the West, without paying toll at the crossings of any national boundary. Oar national strite sprung pot Irom our permanent part, not from the lard we inhabit, not from our national homestead. There is r.o possible severing ol this, but would multiply, and, not mitigate, evils among us. In all its adap lions and aptitudes it demands union and abhors separation. In fact it would ere long force reunion, however much of blood and treasure the separation might have cost. Our strife pertains to ourreWts, to passing genei ations of men, 'and it cannot without convulsion be hushed forever with ibe pass ing of one generation. PROPOSITION TO AO I.IS1I HLAVKUT. In this View I recomend the adoption ol the following resolution and artcles amenda toiy to the Constitution of the United Mates. Resolved. By the Senate and House of Hep rescntatives of the United busies of Ameiica in Congress assembled, two thirds of bolh Houses concunng, that the follow ng Articles be proposed to the Legislatures or Conven tions of the several States, all or any of which Articles v. hen ratified by three fourths of the said Legislatures or Conventions, to be valid; as par', or part of the said Conven tion viz: '' COMMSsAtiofc. . Article bvry State, wherein slavery now exists, which shall abolish the same at any time or times Lefoie the first of Jai uary in the yew of. our Lord, one thousand ' nine hundred, shall receive compensation from tl.e United Spates as follows to wit: The Pieident of the United States shall deliver to ciery such Slate bonds -of the United States, bearing interest at the isle of for each slate shown lo have been theiein by the eight census of the United States; said bonds lo be delivered lo such State by installments, or in oneparci! at the com pletion ol ihe abolishment accordingly as the same shall have been gradual or at 01. e lin e within such State: and interest shall begin to run upon any such bond only Irom lift proper timo of its di livery as aforesaid and afterwards. Any State having received bonds as aforesaid, and afterwards introducing or tolerating slavery therein, shall refund to the United State, and the bonds so roeeived or il;e Value thereof, and all interest paid (hereon. Article All slates who shall have enjfly ed actual freedom by the chances of war, at any time be'ere the end of the rebellion shall be for ever free; but all owners of such who shall not have been disloyal shsU be compensated for them at the same tates as piovided fur adopting abolishment of slavery but in such a way that no slave shall be twice accounted for. Article Congress may appropiale monev and otherwise provide ior colonizing tree col ored persons, with their own consent, at any place or places wilhunt the United States. WANT OF HARMONY. I beg indulgence to discuss these proposed articles at some length. Without slavery the rebellion could never have existed, without slavery it could nut continue. Among the Ireinds of the Union there is great diversity ol sentiment and of policy, in regard to sla very and the African amongst us. Some would abolish it suddenly and without compensation, seme would abolish it giadu aly and with compensation, some would re move tlu freed ptoplo frcm us aHd some would retain with us, and there are yet oth es minor diversities. Because of these di versities we waste much strength in Strug gles among ourselves, by mutuul concussion we should harmonize and act together. This would be a torn promise among the friends and not- wiih enimies of the Union These articles are intended to embody apian of such mutual concessions. If the plan shall be adopted it is assumed that emanci pation will follow, at lat in several of ihe Slates. As to tbe first article, the ma n points aie: , . EMACU'ATlOS fO BE ORAt'fA!,. " First, the emancipation; eecondly, the length of time lor consulting, (thirty seven years;) and thirdly, the compensation. The emancipation will bo unsatisfactory to the advocates of perpetual slavory, but ihe lenglh of time should greatly mitigate their aissat isfactio-. That time rpares bolh races from the evils of sudden derangement, in fact from tbe necessity of any derangement, while most of those whose habitual course of thought will be disturbed by Ibe measure, will have passed away before its consumation. They never see it. Another class will bail, the prospect of emancipation, but will depre ciate tbe length of lime. They will led .hat it gives too little to tbe now living slaves. But it really gives them loo much. It saves them Irom the vagrant destitution which must largely attend immediate emancipation in localities where their nnmberg are very great, and it gives . the inspiring assurance that their posterity shall be free forever. ' The plan leaves to each State choosing the act under it to abolisli slavery now, or at the end of the century, or at any intermedi ate lime, or by degrees extending over the whole or any part oi the period, and it obli ges no two Slates to proceed alike. It also provides for compensation, and generally the mode of making it. 1 This, it would eeem, must further mitigate the dissatisfaction of thote who favoi perpetual slavtry, ahd espe cialy of ttiot-e who are to receive cumpensa tion. v- Doubtless fcome of those w bo are to pay and not receive, will, object, jet that the ' measure is both jus and economical is certain. - -: -: 'u . ; ..r ' - SACRIFICE Al COMMON CHAnaE. , " The liberation of the slaves is the destrue lion of property-property acquired,! by de scent or by purpose tbe tame as any other property. It is no less true br having been often said, that the people of tho South are no more responsible for the original introduc tion of thia property than are the people of tbe North, and when it is remembered how unhesitatingly we use-all Ol us usecotton and soger, snd share the profits of dealing in them, it may not be quite safe to say that the South baa been more responsible than the North for its continuance. 11 men Tor a common object this prorty'is to be saorifl ced. is it not just that it be done at com mon charge? And it with less tnoney, or money more easily paid, we can preserve the ; benefits of the Union by this means better than we can bylhe war alone, is it not also economical to do it? THE PLA1V PBACTICABI B. Let us consider it thee. Let us ascertain the kuni N hava ATnenifar! in rb r since 1 eompetisRied emancipation Was proposed last! ry, if not somewhat malicious. It is insists March, and coasiderwhether.il lliat meas- that, deportation should probably enhance ure had tx en pr. mptly accepted by even " ges of white labor, and very surely some of the Slave States ihe same sum would jU1 not reduce them. Thus the. customa not bave done more to clore the war than j "7 smount of labor would ttUl have to be has been otherwise dona. If so tbe measure j performed, The freed peoplt would SBrslj would save money, and In that view would d mo than their old proportion of it, be prudent and economical. . Certainly it is not so easy to pay something, as to pay noth ing. But it is easier to pay a large sum than lo pay a larger one, and it is easier to pay any sum when we are able, than it is before We are able. The war r'equies inem at'ence the aggregate sum necessary for compensa ting emancipation of course would be large, but it wouid require no ready cash, 110 bonds men, any faster lhan the cmanciptioo pro gresses. 1KCREASIK0 rOPCLATIOX. This might not and probably would sot close before the end ol thirty seven Jefw.-' By that time we shall probably hsve iOO, 000.000 of people to share the burden, instead of 31,000,000 as now, and not only so, but ihe increase of our population may be ex pected to continue for a long time after the period as rapidly as before, because our Ter ritories will not have become full. . I do not state thie inconsiderately in the same ratio At the increase which we have maintain ed on an average from our national census, in 1790 until that of 1(160, we should in 1900 bave a population of 103 208,415 and why may we cot continue that ratio far be jond that period? Our abundent room, our broad national homestead, is an ample re source. Where our territory limited as were the British Isles, very ceriaihly our popula tion could not expand as v. as stated, and in stead of receiving the foreign born as bow, we should be compelled to send part of the native born awav, but such U not our con. dition. , . . vastkkss or TtRuifwr. We have two millions nine hundred and sixty Ihree thousand square miles. Europe has three millions eight hundred thousand, with a population averageihg seventy three and one thiid persons 10 the square mile. -Why may notoui country at some time av erage as many? Is it less fertile? Has it more Baste surlice by monnUins,rivers,lakes desens, or oiher causes? Is it inferior to Europe in any natural advantages? -It then we are at some time to lie ss populous as Europe, how soon? As to when this may be we can judge by the past and the present, as lo when it will, if ever, depends much on whether we maintain the Union. Seveialolour Slates are above theaveiage Euiorean population of seventy three and a third to ihe square mile. Massachusetts has 107, Rhode Island 133, New Yeik and Mtw Jersey each 80 also two other gfeat Slates, Pensylvania and, Ohio, are net fhh below the former having 63 and the latter 00. The States already above the Eu ropean average except New York, have in creased in as rapid ratio since passing that as ever before, while no one of them is equal 10 some other pans of our country in nsiu l'al capacity for sustaining a dense population. ; , KATIti OF 1NCBKAKK. . . , Taking the nation la the aggregate, and we find its population and tatio ol increase lor the several decennial periods to be as fblj' WS! , 17303 929 827. 1800-5,305,937. increase. 1810 7,239,811. 35,02 per cent, ratio of 36,45 per cent, ratio of 33,13 per cent, ratio of 33,49 per cent, ratio of 32,67 percent ratio of 35,87 per cent, ratio of 33,59 per cent ratio of increase. 18209,638,131. increase. . 1830-12,806,020 increase. 184017,069.453 increase. 1850-23,191,876 increase. 1860-31,443,790, increase, i This shows an average decimal increase of 34,00 per cent in population through the seventy years from first to our last tensus taken. It is seen that the ratio oi increase at ho 'one of these seven periods is either 2 per cent, below or 2 per fceht; above the av erage; thus showing how inflexible, and consequently how reliable, the law of in crease in our cose, is. Assuming that it will con tir i it gives t)ie following result: 1870, 42,323,372; 1880, 56,Sbo,2l6; 1890, 76,677, 872; 191X1, 103.208,415; 1910, 138,918,526;! 1920,186,984,335; 1930,251,680.914. m capacity to sl'pfobt population. These figures show that our country tiisy be as prosperous as Europe now is at some point between 1920 and 1930, say about 11)25, our teiritory, at 73 13 persons to the square mile, being of the capacity to contain 817,180,CCO; and we will leach this too. jf ve do not ourselves relinquish the charges by tbe folly ard evils 0! disunion, or by long and exhausting war spiining Irom the only great element of national discord among tip: While it cannot be foreseen eiactly I. qw much one huge example of secession breed ing les-fer ones liideHnilely, would retard tbe population, civilization and prosperiiy, no one can doubt that the extent of it would be very great and injurious. The proposed emancipation would shorten this war, per petuate peace, insure this increase of popu lation, and proportionately tne wealth ol the country. Wiih this we should pay all that emancipation would cost, together with our other debts, easier than we should pay our other debts without it. ' THE COST or THK PtA. ; ' If we had allowed our old national debt to run at six per cent, per annum, simple inter est, from tbe end of our revolutionary strug gle till to (iky, without paying Bnyibihg on either principal or interest, each man ol us would owe less upon that debt now than each man owed upon it , then, and thus be cause our increase ot men through the whole period has been greater than six per cent., and has grown faster than the interest upon the . debt, Thus, time alone relieves a debtor nation, so long as its population In creases faster thah unpaid interest aecamii- IKlcS upuu MB ucoi. , uia mv wuum Uf siu excuse lor delaying the payment bf what is justly due, but itshowe the great importance or time, in mis connection, tne great ao van tage pf a policy by which we shall not have to pay until we number an hundred millions. What by B different policy we would have to pat now, when the number is only thirty one millions. In a word.it shows that dollar will bH much harder to pay for the war than will a dollar fvr .emancipation on the proposed plai. 'iif ' , .''''" ;; &UwAtitvc.': - As to the second article, I think it would be impracticable to returit to bondage tho class of persons therein contemplated. Some of tbe to doubtless in tbe property sense be long lo loyal owners, and hence provision is made In this article for compensating such. The third article relates to the future of the freed people. This ought not to be regarded as objectionable on the one hand or on tbo other, in so much as it comes to nothing un- less by mutual eonsont of tbe people to b deported and tho American voters, throng their representatives in CoDgrtat, I cannot niako it better known thss it already is, that I strongly fsvor colonization. j and yet I wish fo say there it do object ioa urgea against cue coiorsa persona remaining la the country which is not largely ttnagina- and v;ry probably for a timo would do lets, leaving an increased part 10 wbilo laborer, bringing their labor ju to, greater demand, and consequently enhancing the. wages of it. : DK-OBTAitoif, ! ' With deportation even to a IimHe fel lent, enhancing wakes Id white labor, at mathematically certain. Labor is like any other commodity in tbe market; ineieaso tto demand for it and you increase tho price of it lieduoeiha supply of black labor by colonizing the bUck laborers out of tbo country, and by precisely so much yon in crease the demand for, and wagss Cf whit labor. , .... w -,. But it is declared that the freed people will swarm forth and cover the whole laod. Are they not already in the land? - Will lib eration make them any more numerous? Equally distributed among. IBe whites of the w hole country, and there would bo bat oo colored to seven whites, , Could the one ia any way greatly disturb tne seven? - ' " Is it true, then, , that colored peoplt can displace any more white labor by being freo than remaining slaves? if they etay ia their old places they jostle no white laborers. If they leave their old places they leave them open to while laborers. Logically, there is neither mnre nor less of it. Emancipation even without their presence, would injurs -and displace white labor and whit Uborert. It there ever ceuld be a proper time lot mere arguments, that time is surely not now. In times like the present, men should utter nothing for which ibvy would net willingly be responsible through, time and eternity. coiifAitisUs or the backs. There are many eoBimunities now hat ing more than one free colored pertoh to1 seven .whites, and this without any appar ent cousctouSness.of evil from it. Thi) j)ia trict of Columbia and tbe States of Mary land and Delea aie, are al in this condition. Tho District has more than one free col. Ted to six whites, yet in its frequent petitions to Congress, I believe it has never presented the presence of free colored persons at one of its grievances. But w by should Bobbins tion SoUth seh'd the free people North?-' People of any color seldom, run, unless there be something to run from: Heretofore, cbU ored people, 10 some ex eot, have fled ITortii train hbndai'e, and now, perhaps, ftom bbili bondage and destitution; bet if gradual emancipation and deportation be adopted, they will have neither to, Sea.. from! Their old Piasters will give them wages; at least Until new laboreis can be procured, and tho freed men in turn will gladly give their la bor for the wages till nefc homes can bo found for them in congoninl climes, and will people of their own blood Sbd race. . , THE WAU TO BK PUSHED t ART EVE. ' Uhis proposition can be trusted bit tho mulua inteiestg involved, and in any , stent cannot, the North decide for itself whether to receive them Again, as practice provea more than theory in any caso, has there beea any interruption of colored people north ward because of the abolishment of slavery in the Disinct last spring. What 1 have said of the porportioh of free colored persons to the whites in tbe District it from tho census ol I860, having no refereu.ee to per sons called contrabands, nor to those made free by the act of Congress abolishing slarery heie. The plan consisting of these articles j recommended, not but that a restoration of the national authority would be accepted with its adoption; nor will the war, nor pro ceedings under the p'rocJamatibn of Sept. 22, 18 111!, be stayed because of the recommenda tion of this plan. Its timely adoption, I doubt not', would bring restoration, and thereby ttay both. And notwithstanding ibis plan, the recomaierdaiioo that Congress provides by law for compensating any State Which may adopt emancipation before this plan shall bave been acted upon, is, hereby earnestly lenewed. Such would only be an advance part of tbe plan, arid the same ar guments apply to both. This plan ts recom mended as a means, not jo conclusion of, but additional to all others, for restoring and preserving the national authority throughout the Union. ' The subject is presented exclu sively in its economical aspect. , Tbe plan would, I am confident, secure peace mora speedily than can be done by force alone, while it would cost; cocsid'bring amounts and manner of payment, and times of pay ment, and the amounts would be easier paid than will be the additional cost of the war if we rely solely upon force. It js most likely very l.kery tlat U would cost BO blood et all. , ,.M , , t; ,-. 1 v CiiSSTfrlTtO!!A.t Com-BBEHCB. y . Tbb plan is proposed, as perinaneiit eon stUufiohal law. It . ban not k-ennesueh withoui the concurrence ot. fiist, two thirds of Congress, and afterward three fourths of the Status. .The requisite three-fourths of the Stales wiil necessarily include seven of the slave States. Their concurrence, if ob tained, will give assurance of the r severally adopting emancipation at no.dlstsnt day, up on me uow cuusbiiuiiuaat lerms. iois OS stirance would end the struggle how aad save the Union forever, I do not forget tb gravity which should characterise a paper addressed to tho Congress ol the Hation by the Chief Magistrate of tbo nation-. Nor do I forget that some of you are ,my - ieinore; nor that many of you have mora experience lhan 1 in the conduct of public affairs; yet I trust (bat in tie bT Ibe teat fespohsibility resting Upon ihe, you Vnll perceive bo ' want ot respect to yourselves iri any undue -earnestness 1 may seem to display, la it doubled, then, that tbe plan I propose if adopted, would shorten the war, and thus lessen its expenditure ot money and blood? Is it doubled (tbat it would restore tho Na tional authority and National prosperity, and perpetuate both indefinitely? ' ... . Is it doubted that we here, 1 Congress and Executive, can secure itt adoption? ; YViU noi the good people respond to a united and earnest appesi from ut ICait can they, by any other means, so oertainly or so tpeeiir lly assure these vital objects? , Wo Can suc ceed otily by concert.' Is ii ttdt "cart say ot us imagine better,'?: b'lit "ca we all da bet tor." Objert wbBtsooveMo possible, still the question reeurs, "co doe better ?" Tbe dogmas of, tbo quiet past art inadequate1 to the stormy 'present. The occetioo is piled high with difflouliy, aad wo must riaa with the occasiom As our easa, -, is sew, Bd we must think anew, aad act anew. Wo must disenthral ourselves, aad then we tlttl sate our country. ..).; ,. t , COKCtiUtlON. , .- fellow-citiieus We cannot escape List tory. 1 ' ' " ! ""' ' " ' v: "t -4 We, ofthis Congress, will be remembered inaplteof ourselves. ' ' - ' , No personal significance or insigoiiioaiM can Spare one or another of us. CiMtiuci en lOurftTeye.) ,,..r.-.. , .rjgaai r -V