The Hays free press. [volume], August 11, 1917, Image 6

About The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924

Image provided by: Kansas State Historical Society; Topeka, KS

                
HIE HAYS FUSE JSESS
WSiQWIA
RESIST THE DRAFT
GOVERNMENT' TO
TAKE OVER SHIPS
FOR NATION-WIDE PROHIBITION
PROF. S. M. GU?J?i
WHY AND HOW OF BUDDING EXPLAINED
GERMAN ATTACKS
Senate Passes Dry Measure by Vote
of "65 to 20 Six Years to
Ratify.
Tenant Farmers, Indians and
Negroes Causing Trouble
in Seminole County.
LAW-ABIDING CITIZENS ARMINli
Two Thousand Determined Men at
Ada Prepare to Fight Organized
Gangs of Violators.
Ada, Ok., Aug. 4. Two thousand or
more determined citizens met here in
mass meeting tonight to perfect an or
ganization to give battle to the draft
violators who are threatening death
and destruction throughout Pontotoc
county. A committee of fourteen was
appointed to act with the authorities.
The plans decided upon will be known
only to the officers.
Three hundred of the ric-ters are re
ported hiding in a well fortified ren
dezvous near Konowa.
Sheriff "Bob:' Duncan of Pontotoc
county, previously reported captured
by draft resisters at Seminole, return
ed to Ada at 9:30 o'clock tonight, with
ten prisoners, captured five miles
northwest of Saskawa, where the mob
is reported to be centered.
There were about eighty persons in
that particular gahtering, Sheriff Dun
can said. They were dispersed for
the time being by a posse of twenty
five citizens who charged them. The
alleged resisters broke up without fir
ing a shot. The officers released
eleven prisoners held by the mob.
Fighting North of Ada.
Muskogee, Ok., Aug. 4 Fighting be
tween draft rioters and officers is
going on twenty-five miles north of
Ada, according to Under Sheriff Pur
vine of Okmulgee county, who re
ceived a report from there late to
night. William Townsend, chief of police
of McAlester, and Thad Conn, sheriff
of Pittsburg county, are assembling
all the rifles in that city to take to
Holdenville on a train leaving McAles
ter at midnight. A posse, formed on
the ratio of one man to every two
rifles, will leave on the same train.
A. report received from Allen tonight
says that the palatial mansion of Gov
ernor Brown of the Seminoles has
been set afire by the draft rioters.
Civilian Deputies to "Front.'
Oklahoma City, Aug. 4. Reports of
the size of the resisters band, said
to be composed of , negroes, tenant
farmers and Indians, varied. One re
port declared that 150 men composed
it, while others had as high as 400
in the organized revolt. They were
cniri trk Vio mninlv frrtm J.fino Havo
Rock Point, Friendship and the vicin
ities thereof.
NO SHORTAGE OF FOOD HERE
Federal Chamber of Commerce Issues
a Strongly Optimistic Report on
Conditions Generally.
Washington, Aug. 4. A strongly
optimistic view of the outlook for food
production and for business generally
is taken by the Chamber of Commerce
of the United States in a report pub
lished tonight as a result of a com
mittee investigation. Crops promise
to be abundant, says the committee,
while, a most encouraging feature of
the situation is the general confidence
of business in the midst of war condi
tions. - "Those in touch with fundamental
conditions have known all along that
there was never any real danger of
food shortage so far as the United
States is concerned," the report de
clares, "unless, because of a calam
itious and unusually unfavorable sea
son. Fortunately, however, this un
founded apprehension had the effect
of stimulating production. The conse
quent answer of American agriculture
for our needs as well as those abroad,
is the promise of an abundant harvest
of food products beyond previous rec
ords, as a whole, in our experience."
RUSSIANS IN MORE TURMOIL
Kerensky Cabinet. Quit and Then
Withdrew Resignations Military
Governor of Petrograd Shot.
Petrograd, Aug. 4. General Erdelli,
military governor of Petrograd, says
the Bourse Gazette, has been killed.
He was treacherously shot in the
back.
Premier and War Minister Keren
sky and all the other members of his
cabinet, except Vice-Premier Nekras-
off, resigned tonight. Later, with the
exception of M. Terestchenko, the for
eign, minister, they withdrew their
resignations.
Urge East. St. Louis Pobe.
Washington, Aug. 4. Federal inves
tigation of the race riots in East St.
Louis, 111., July 2, by a congressional
joint committee was urged before the
House rules committee today by Rep
resentative Rodenburg of Illinois and
Representative Dyer of Missouri.
Eight Navy Gunners Lost.
London, Aug. 4. Eight naval gun
ners were lost when the American
tank steamer Motano was sunk by a
submarine. Sixteen members of the
crew also perished.
Change in Army Divisions.
Washington, Aug. 4. The Missouri
and Kansas National Guard, formerly
comprising the Fourteenth Division,
now are the Thirty-fifth Divisirn. The
Missouri, Kansas, Colorado National
Army Division will be the 'Eighty-ninth.
State of Siege in Athens.
London, Aug. .4. A state cf siege
has been declared in the whole Greek
department of Attica, including Athens
and Piraeus, according to a dispatch
from Athens to the Exchange - Tele
graph Company.
Washington, Aug. 2. A resolution,
for submission to the states of a pro
hibition amendment to the federal con
stitution was adopted late today by
the senate. The vote was 65 to 20,
eight more than the necessary two
thirds. As adopted the resolution contains
a -provision that the states must rati
fy the amendment, if it, is to be oper
ative, within six years. The house
still must act on the resolution.
Senators opposing the resolution
were :
Democrats : Broussard, Culberson,
Gerry, Hardwick, Hitchcock, Hustig,
James, Lewis, Phelan, Pomerene,
Reed and Underwood. Total, 12.
Republicans : Brandegee, Calder,
France, Lodge, Penrose, Wadsworth,
Warren and Weeks. Total, 8. Total
against, 20.
Senators voting for the resolution
were :
Democrats : . Ashurst, Bankhead,
Beckham, Chamberlain, Fletcher, Mar
tin, Myers, Newlands, Overman, Owen,
Pittman, Ransdell, Robinson, Sauls
bury, Shafroth, Sheppard, Shields,
Simmons, Smith of Arizona, Smith of
Georgia, Smith of South Carolina,
Stone, Swanson, Thompson, Trammell,
Vardaman, Walsh, Williams and Wol
cott. Total, 36.
Republicans: Borah, Brady, Colt,
Cummins, Curtis, Fernald, Freeling
huysen, Gronna, Hale, Harding, John
son of California, Jones of Washing
ton, Kellogg, Kenyon, Knox, LaFol
lette, McCumber, McNarry, Nelson,
New, Norris, Page, Poindexter, Sher
man, Smith of Michigan, Smoot, Ster
ling, Sutherland and Watson. Total,
23. Total for, 65.
The proposed constitutional amend
ment is the first initiated by Congress
since that providing for popular elec
tion of United States senators, ap
proved in 1911. It is the first time
that either branch of Congress has ap
proved a constitutional amendment
for prohibition. A few years ago a
similar resolution in the House re
ceived a majority but failed of the
two-thirds.
Prohibition leaders of the House
now claim enough votes to insure sub
mission of an amendment to the
states. When the resolution can be
considered in the House is uncertain,
but its friends will seek early discussion.
TO ROUNDUP I.W. W. IN WEST
United States Officials to Start Cam
paign Against Treasonable Agita
tors in Pacific Coast States.
San Francisco, Aug. 2. A great
roundup of I. W. W. agitators in Cali
fornia, Oregon and Washington will be
started at once by the governmet, Cas
per Ornabaum, assistant United States
district attorney, anounced today. All
German agents who are co-operating
with the I. W. W. will be arrested,
and warrants for many have already
been asked. The I. W. W.s will be
charged with treason.
An investigation by United States se
cret service agents has disclosed that
I. W. W.s have set fire to hundreds
of fields in these three states by con
cealing phosphorus in hay stacks, Or
nabaum says. He also says literature
seized places directly on the I. W. W.
responsibility for recent fires near
Klamath Falls, Ore., and for strikes at
various places in the Northwest. The
object, he said, was to cripple the
lumber industry and shipbuilding.
"The entire I. W. W. movement is
the work of enemy agents," said Or
nabaum.
AN I. W. W. LEADER LYNCHED
Butte, Mont., Aug. 2. Frank Little,
member of the executive board of the
Industrial Workers of the .World, and
active in labor troubles in Arizona,
was taken from a lodging house early
today by masked men and hanged, to a
railroad trestle on the outskirts of the
city. -
The body was cut down at 8 o'clock
by the chief of police, Jerry Murphy,
who identified it.
Little, in a recent speech here, re
ferred to United States troops as
"Uncle Sam's scabs in uniform."
Little was a cripple but very active
and a forceful speaker.
I. W. W. THREATENS A STRIKE
Chicago August 1. Miners, har
vest hands and lumbermen of the Mid
dle West threaten to go on a sym
pathetic strike' unless the deported I
W. W.s are returned to their homes
in the Warren District of Arizona.
A telegram voicing the intention of
a walkout of more than a quarter of a
million men was sent from Chicago
to President Wilson late yesterday by
W. D. Haywood, head of the Indus
trial Workers of the World.
A Draft List Stolen.
Indianapolis, Aug. 2. The official
list of registrants of Marion county,
outside of Indianapolis, was stolen
from the office of the chairman of the
exemption board last nigh. German
agents are blamed.
Oil Goes Up Fifteen Cents.
Tulsa,' Ok.. Aug. 3. The Sinclair
Oil and Gas Company advanced the
price of mid-continent crude oil fif
teen cents today, making the price in
this field $1.85. It is the first ad
vance since January 12.
Embargo On Iron Exports.
Washington, Aug. 3. President Wil
son today forbade export of any iron
and steel plate, iron and' steel scrap
and steel billets from this country ex
cept such as the Allies need for" "ac
tual war "purposes." Other iron and
steel products are allowed to le free
ly licensed, but only to the Allies.
Lacaze Quits French Cabinet.
Paris. Aug. 3 Rear Admiral Lacaze,
minister of marine in theAFrench cab
inet, today handed his resignation to
Precier Ribot
Wilson Preparing to Command
eer Vessels for the Trans
Atlantic Service.
JAPS MUST FURNISH T0III1AGE
Steel Exports to Be Stopped Unless
Ships Are Diverted Neutrals
Ready to Help.
Washington, Aug. 3. Imperative
nped of ships in trans-Atlantic service
was disclosed today in indication that
the shipping board is preparing to
commandeer all American tonnage
and in an order by President Wilson,
which, will cut off steel exports to Ja
pan, unless Japanese vessels are di
verted to war uses.
The shipping board probably will
announce a commandeering program
within a few days. It will call for re
quisitioning of ships and direction of
routes, but probably will include ar
rangements for turning the vessels
back to their owners for actual oper
ation, as the government, it is said,
has no desire to operate the vessels
itself.
Norway and Holland are ready to
release a large amount of tonnage for
allied use in return food shipments.
The British and American govern
ments have about agreed on a joint
control of world tonnage, the United
States to operate most of the neutral
tonnage and Great Britain to control
allied ships. The arrangement would
be used also to lower freight rates.
The President's instructions bring
ing Japanese ships into the Atlantic
were issued to the division of export
licenses, and provide that no steel or
iron products shall go to allied coun
tries unless they are to be used for
actual war purposes or will contribute
directly to prosecution of the war. Ja-.
pan has been a large buyer of Ameri
can ship plates and has been building
up a great merchant fleet. About 4
per cent of her tonnage is in the At
lantic and the remainder is carrying
Pacific cargoes at extremely high
rates.
The shipping board has just put
nto operation its control over coast
wise freight rates and can order spe
cific rates cut if found discriminatory.
SLACKERS TO BE PUNISHED
Men Who Try to Dodge Draft Will
Lose Claims for Exemption and
Other Considerations.
Washington, Aug. 3. Hundreds of
men in the chief cities of the country,
reports to the Department of Justice
show, gave fictitious addresses for
draft registration and- are now being
sought by government agents. Bridges,
vacant lots, streets that do not
exist and in some cases factory sites
were given as addresses by regis
trants who since have disappeared.
In a large number of cases prospects
are not considered bright for finding
the slackers.
The practice appears to have been
more prevalent in the larger cities.
Few cases of the sort are reported
from communities having less than
one hundred thousand population.
Slackers who, after having regis
tered, fail to report Tor physical ex
amination, will be ordered into the
military service of the United States
without further preliminaries, losing
claims of exemption and other con
siderations. A PRO-GERMAN MOB IN IOWA
United States Marshals Investigating
Threats to Lynch an American
Lawyer in Lowden.
Cedar Rapids, Ia Aug. 3. United
States marshals went to Lowden, la.,
this morning to investigate a near
riot there last night between Ameri
cans and pro-Germans which threat
ened, serious consequences for a time.
When the Rev! John Reichart, pas
tor of the German Evangelical Church
at Lowden, was arrested on a charge
of making treasonable rem a rife Tues
day night he was taken to the office
of Dan McGilivray, an attorney, where
he was questioned. The attorney gave
the marshals information regarding
the treasonable utterances of the min
ister. Last night, it is reported, a mob was
organized and threats were made to
lynch McGilivray. Cooler heads pre
vailed and trouble was averted. Mar
shal Moore and Deputy M. Healy were
notified and went to Lowden to in
vestigate. They also will go to Clar
ence, la., where trouble Is said to
have occurred last night betweeo
Americans and pro-Germans.
Navy Men Injured.
New York, August 1. The break
ing of a gangplank leading from a new
battle ship at the New York navy
yard precipitated more than twenty
workmen into the water this after
noon. Several were injured.
Held For Threats on Magnates.
New York, August 1. Accused of
making threats against the lives of J.
P. Morgan, John" D. Rockefeller and
John D. Rockefeller, Jr., a man who
said he was Elie Koodinopf, born in
Russia, was arrested today.
Tried to Wreck Roofs Train.
Tokio, August 1. An attempt to
wreck or burn the train on which Eli-
hu Root, headA5f the American mis
sion to Russia, was riding was made
by Anarchists at Ylatka Statiom in
Siberia, according to travelers from
Russia arriving here today.
Arrest Striking Miners.
Bessemer, Mich., August 1. Joe
Spera, local secretary of the Ironton
mine strikers, was arrested today
and, with two others, placed in the
Gogebic County ja;
t - a. f
t r Li
Prof. S. M. Gunn of Boston has
been made a member of the com
mission for the prevention of tuber
culosis in France sent abroad by
the Rockefeller foundation. He al
ready has sailed for France.
DEPENDENCY MUST BE PROVED
Cen. Crowder Warns Eoards That Mar
riage Alone Is Not Sufficient
Grounds for Exemption.
Washington. August 1. Hasty mar
riages since July 20, the date of the
army draft drawing, in an effort to
escape conscription through the claim
of a dependent wife, will not be con
sidered ground for discharge unless
the wife is actually dependent on the
husband's daily labor.
Prompted by reports from many
cities of marriage license bureaus be
sieged by men included in the first
draft call, Provost Marshal General
Crowder today ruled that "marriage is
not of itself a valid ground for mak
ing claim for discharge."
Dependency is a matter of fact, not
a law, General Crowder pointed out.
"A man whose wife is mainly de
pendent on his daily labor for sup
port," he said, "may etiaim. exemption
on that ground. 'Only the exemption
boards can determine this fact.
Where dependency is claimed and cir
cumstances show a marriage hastily
'consummated since July 20 by a man
whose number is high on the available
list, the actual fact of dependency
must be closely scrutinized."
Moreover, General Crowder declar
ed, women who marry men merely to
aid them to be slackers are liable to
prosecution under the draft act.
Jn his ruling, General .Crowder ad
hered strictly to President Wilson's
draft regulations, which draw no des
tinction between a dependent wife ac
quired before or after the drawing.
Secretary Baker, however, advocated
refusing exemption to any man mar
ried after the drawing, saying the
draft should be considered a prior
claim, but this course will not be fol
lowed. Fears of some officials that delay in
obtaining materials and sufficient la
bor for national army cantonments
woufd postpone the mobilization long
past September 1, were dissipated to
day by an announcement by Secretary
Baker, that 78 per Cent of the canton
ment materials are now on the ground,
and that reports indicate everything
will be in readiness, or nearly so, in
another month.
No definite date for mobilization has
been fixed, but Secretary Baker has
indicated that . every effort will be
made to effect it about September 1.
THREE ARTICLES CHEAPER
Washington, August 1. Only three
articles classed as foodstuffs showed
a decrease in price from May, 1914, to
May of the present year, according to
a comparison of export prices an
nounced today by the Department of
Commerce. The commodities not in
cluded in the general advance in cost
are green coffee, oranges and dried
apples.
CONDENSED NEWS ITEMS
The military critic of the Munch
ener Neueste Nachrichten regrets that
British diplomacy has been more
clever and successful than the Ger
man. He says it has been constantly
making new allies until there now are
1.350.000,000 foes against Germany's
150,000,000.
It was made clear by Andrew Bo
nar Law, chancellor of the exchequer,
in the house of commons, that no
member of the government would at
tend the proposed international So
cialist conference.
Emperor William has issued a proc
lamation to the German people in
which he said they might rest assured
that German blood and German zeal
were not being gambled with for an
empty shadow of ambition or foj
schemes of conquest.
Within an area of two square miles
near Drumright, Ok., there were six
55,000-barrel oil tanks burning recent
ly. They were set fire by lightning in
a heavy rain and electrical storm.
Based on market quotations, the oil
is worth ? 555,000.
Seventy-seven persons are dead
and hundreds were prostrated by the
recent intense heat wave which pre
vailed throughout the East and Middle
West. Cases of insanity, due to the
"heat, also are reported, while crops
suffered extensively. ,
Perley Raymond Hamilton of Clin
ton, Mass., and James Wilson Gailey
of Newark, Pa., members of the Amer
ican field service, were killed In
France recently. They left headquar
ters with one of the new sections less
than a month ag- -
The Mass Offensive by Crown
Prince Rupprecln's Forces
at Ypres Fails.
BAD WEATHER HALTS DRIVE
At Least a Day of Sunshine Needed
Before Resumption Kaiser
Calls War Council.
Washington, Aug. 3. While the rain
and the morass have served to hold
the entente allied forces in leash, pre
venting a resumption tf the great of
fensive of Tuesday, they have not
been effective in keeping the Ger
mans from throwing counter attacks
with large forces of men against sev
eral newly won sectors of the front
held by the British and French troops,
nor -in bringing about a cessation of
the violent artillery duel along the
entire line.
Crown Prince Rupprecht evidently
considers the British gain northeast
of Ypres the most important in Tues
day's battle, for upon this territory
he had concentrated the strongest of
his counter offensive operations in an
attempt to regain the lost ground. His
efforts, however, have gone for
naught, the British artillery and in
fantry fire raking the advancing
forces mercilessly, putting an end to
the attacks and adding materially to
the already heavy casualties the Ger
mans have suffered.
To Give Airmen a Chance.
There is no indication in either the
British or French official communica
tions just when their combined push
again will be started, but it is possible
that at least a day of warm sunshine
will be necessary to dissipate the
quagmire so that the big allied guns
may be realigned and to permit the
airmen to relocate the positions of
the enemy is holding.
Although the Teuton allies are still
advancing against the Russians in
East Galicia, Bukowina'and along the
Moldavian frontier, the allied offen
sive on the western front apparently
is on the nerves of the German em
peror, whose troops before have had
to face with great losses of men and
terrain gigantic attacks by the British
and French, covered by countless
pieces of modern artillery of all cali
bers and ranges.
It is assumed that a war council of
the high militao' and naval leaders in
Germany, called by Emperor William
to meet in Brussels, had as its objec
tive an analytical survey of the offen
sive, which, if it is carried out as
planned by the allies, will prove a
menace to the holdings in Belgium,
and especially along the coast.
Rain Hinders' Allied Drive.
Washington, Aug. 2. A torrential
rainfall and the resultant turning of
the battlefield already hard of nego
tiation at many points into a veri
table quagmire, almost halted during
Wednesday great allied offensive
against the Germans in Flanders, ac
cording to dispatches received in
Washington today.
For the most part the day was spent
by the British and French troops in
consolidating positions won in Tues
day's spectacular drive or in putting
down strong German counter attacks
made in endeavors to wrest from their
antagonists their former positions.
At two points, near Ypres the Ger
mans, using great masses of men,
were successful in their counter at
tacks against the British, but this ad
vantage was offset in the Zillibeke
and Yser canals sectors, where re
spectively the British and French
troops advanced their lines.
Meanwhile the guns of the belliger
ents are continuing to roar all along
the entire front in reciprocal bombard
ments preparatory to the recom
mencement of the infantry battle
when the clouds lift and the rainfall
ceases.
The losses of the Teutons in the
fighting thus far have been extremely
heavy, the ground at various points
being covered with their dead some
of the killed mere school boys and
seemingly unfitted physically for the
arduous trials the soldier in the pres
ent war must undergo. In addition
the British alone have taken more
than 5,000 prisoners 1,000 of them on
the Ypres sailent. ,
On the southern end of the front,
in the region of the Aisne and on the
Verdun sector, the Germans continue
to carry out offensive operations
against General Petain's armies. In
spite of their heavy bombardment
along the entire Aisne region, how
ever, the French in a vigorous coun
ter attack east df Cerny again have
made progress and taken prisoners.
'Utah Is Bone Dry Now.
Salt Lake City, Aug. 2. The Bone
Dry Law became effective in Utah at
midnight last night. It is one of the
most drastic laws ever adopted by
the state and carries penalties for the
Bale, giving or possession of intoxi
cating liquors.
An Ex-Texas Official Indicted.
Austin, Tex., Aug. 2. John G. Mc
Kay, ex-secretary of state, was Indict
ed by the Travis county grand jury
last Friday on two counts for misap
plication of public funds.
Held for Treason in Sermons.
Cedar Rapids, la., Aug. 2. The Rev.
John Reichart, pastor of the German
Evangelical Church at Lowden, la.,
was held to the federal grand jury In
$5,000 bond at a hearing here before
Federal Commissioner J. H. Harwood
last night, charge! with preaching
treasonable sermons.
Healdton OU Up Ten Cents..
Tulsa. :Okv Aug. 2. The Magnolia
Petroleum eompany advanced HealJ
ton crude oil ten eents ttKias, making
the price SI a barr&i
1 1 j
Successive Stages of Making Incisions and Inserting Bud in Seedling Peach
Trees.
(By W. L. HOWARD. Professor of Horti
culture, University of AlissourL)
Every boy who has lived In tho'
country, and many from the cities and
towns, have heard folks talk about
some fruit trees as seedlings and oth
ers as budded or grafted trees! The
boys know two distinguishing features
between seedlings and budded fruits.
They know that seedlings are dug up
from beneath old trees and transplant
ed to garden or orchard, and that the
budded trees are purchased from a
nursery. They also know, and this is
a very vivid memory, that the peaches
from the budded trees often ripened in
July, that they were nearly always
freestones, and that they were much
larger and finer looking than seedlings.
At this point most boys knowledge of
difference between seedlings and bud
ded trees leaves off suddenly. Grownups
too often are apt to find themselves
equally in the dark
There is nothing mysterious or even
difficult about the process of budding
fruit trees. To many people the terms
"budded" or "grafted are associated
with things that are mysterious. This
is because the methods of budding and
grafting are little understood by the
masses of the people.
Interchangeable Methods.
While the nurserymen commonly
bud certain trees and graft others,
these two methods of propagation are
usually interchangeable. The nursery
man makes use of the one that is
cheapest and most convenient. As a
rule, all the stone fruits (peaches,
plums, cherries, etc) are always bud
ded, while apples and pears may be
budded if desired but generally are
grafted.
Trees are budded because It Is Im
possible to grow desirable varieties
from seed. Now and then a peach
will be found that can safely be
I
Represents a Peach Budding Stick Best Buds Are Located Where
Leaves Are Removed At B Is Shown How to Remove a Bud from a
Stick Make a Crosscut Near Bottom of Knife Blade and Peel Bud From
Wood With Thumb and Finger At 1 Is Shown Shield-Shaped Piece of
Bark Containing Bud At 2 Is Seen How First Cut Included Slice of
Wood :t How This Wood Was Left Behind When Bark and Bud Were
Pee'- J Off.
grown from seed, but the most impor
tant commercial varieties like the El
berta. Belle of Georgia, Carman.
Champion, etc, must be grown from
buds.
Budded trees are commonly thought
to be more tender than seedlings.
There Is some ground for this belief,
but they are not weaker because they
have been budded.. The budding Itself
does not affect the vigor of a tree la
the least. Trees are never budded
unless budding makes them more val
uable than seedlings. If they are
more valuable It Is because they are
more highly Improved than the seed
lings that Is (In the case of peaches),
the fruit is larger, Juicier and of bet
ter flavor. However,, It seems to be
a law of nature that when a plant or
anlmfll is Improved greatly in one di
rection there is a corresponding loss
In another direction. Still some of
this loss may be imaginary.
New Varieties.
In the case of fruit trees, new forms
are constantly arising. Host of the
new varieties are chance seedlings.
If a large number of seeds, espe
cially from Improved varieties, were
planted there might be found among
the entire lot one that was better
than any of the parents. This might
be regarded as a new variety. How
ever, in order to perpetuate this va
riety It would be necessary to resort
to budding, as the seeds, if planted,
"would produce trees that would bear
Nitrogen, for Crops.
Do not buy. nitrogen for general
farm crops. Clover and all legume
crops can get nitrogen from the air,
while other crops cannot.
Keep Pigs Growing.
Keep the pigs growing, for each day
passed without some gain in "weight is
a los3 to the feeder.
Intensive Tilla;.
Uss intensive tillage during the
crowing period of the crops.
peaches that would be a mixture of
many kinds. If this new variety hy
larger fruit than Its parents or is su
perior In some other way, it may or
may not have lost In point of vigor.
Varieties often do lose some of their
original power, of resistance to cold
or disease at the time they become
more desirable on account of their
fruit. But whatever the tree may be,
If we want to grow other trees of ex
actly the same kind we must do so
by budding..
Stone Fruits Budded.
Stone . fruits, such as peaches,
plums, cherries, apricots and nectar
ines are always budded. This is done
by transferring? a single bud from a
new twig to a young, one-year-old
plant, usually of the same species,
and causing It to grow. Peach seeds
are generally planted in the spring
and by the last of August the little
seedling trees are ready for budding.
The nurseryman takes his buds from
the desired variety of -tree, with each
bud bearing a piece of bark perhaps
three-quarters of an Inch long; then
by making the proper cuts In the bark
of the seedling, the bud can be In
serted next to the wood and tied
there, where It will readily unite and
grow up and make a tree. During that
same season the bud does nothing
but unite with the stock plant; but
the following spring, when growth be
gins, the top of the seedling tree Is
cut off and thus the bud we have In
serted Is forced to grow. The bud
readily grows Into a tree which the
first season will reach a height of three
or four feet. Such trees are then
ready to dig up and plant In the or
chard. The stone fruits are closely enough
related so that in some cases one may
be budded upon the other. Peaches
'I i k
will grow as readily upon plums eb
they will upon peach roots, and, on
the other hand, plums grow quite read
ily upon peach seedlings. However,
neither will do well upon the cherry,
and the cherry will not grow upon
them successfully. Peaches and nec
tarines are easily Interbudded. In
this connection It might be well to say
that the nectarine is the result of a
strange variation in the type of a
peach, which occurred In the bud. Oc
casionally a nectarine will be found
growing upon a peach tree. The nec
tarine Is nothing more than a perfect
ly smooth or fuzzless peach. A nec
tarine tree, on the other hand, may pos
sibly bear a peach. The seeds of nec
tarine trees. If planted, may produce
peach trees. Whenever a variation
In a peach tree occurs, such as to
produce a branch that bears nectar
ines, buds may be taken from such a
branch and propagated and come true
to variety that is, they can always
be depended upon to produce nectar
ines instead of peaches.
It Is thus seen that varieties always
come' true from buds. It Is perhaps
possible to graft or bud any plant
that Is, an oak tree could possibly be
grafted or budded upon another oat,,
or an Osage orange readily budded or
grafted " upon another Osage orange.
The apple and the oak, and also the
apple and Osage orange are la no way
related, and henc one cannot be made
to grow upon the other.
Keep Record cf Products.
Keep an account of each farm prod
uct, la order to know from which the
gain or loss arises.
v Bull Calf for Veal. ,
llany a bull dairy calf will maks
money for Its owner If turned into
veaL Veal is high-priced these days.
Kill Cutworms.
Cutworms attack garden" plants. Us?
bordeaux when Insects appear. Scatter
poison bait belore. planting