The Hays free press. [volume], September 08, 1917, Image 7

About The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924

Image provided by: Kansas State Historical Society; Topeka, KS

                
THE HAYS FEES PEESS
DAIRYING
One Hnndred Holstein Heifers
Added to the Leavenworth
V County Herds.
ANIMALS WERE SOLD BY LOT
Two Thousand Persons Attend "Get
Acquainted" Picnic Banker Is
Assisting the Farmers.
One hundred 2-year-old Holstein heif
ers, sold by lSt to farmers in Leaven
worth county, Kansas, were the cen
tral figures in the "get acquainted"
picnic at Leavenworth.
But they were by no means the only
feature. Two thousand members of
the County Farm Bureau Association,
Federated Canning Clubs of Leaven
worth county, Leavenworth Commer
cial Club, and farmers, their wives
and children, made up the crowd. Ad
dresses on farm topics, dairy and poul
try exhibits and horse races between
local entries provided the afternoon's
entertainment which followed the bas
ket dinner in Leavenworth's Associa
tion Park.
Although the' picnic was first
planned as an outing for members of
the county canning clubs which have
Increased in number from three to six
teen in a year the meeting became
broader in scope when the farm bu
reau and the Commercial Club were
iven permission to take part. Then
the plan for the distribution of dairy
cattle at this time was made.
Of course there was one man behind
the idea. The story of this unusual
dairy beginning in Leavenworth coun
ty is the story of plans fostered for
several months by Otto H. Wulfekuh
ler, president of the "Wulfekuhler
State Bank of Leavenworth a man
known throughout Kansas as the "fa
ther" of the Kansas Farmer Dairy
Club, which has grown from a small
beginning made by Mr. "Wulfekuhler in
Leavenworth county in May, 1916, to
a statewide organization.
Last May Mr. Wulfekuhler deter
mined to aid in developing the dairy
business in Leavenworth county.
Later he bought one hundred Hol
steins in Dickinson county at a cost
of more than $11,000. These heifers,
graded and distributed to farmers the
other day, were sold at cost, the best
stock going at a little less than $125
a head. All the heifers will be fresh
within the next three months.
Notes at 6 per cent interest, pay
able in eight months, were taken from
the buyers. Only one condition of sale
was made the cow and calf must be
taken to Leavenworth next spring to
a public auction at which the stock
will be sold.
Sending Mail to Soldiers.
Before long several thousand young
men will be in the various canton
ment camps of the National army, and
their relatives and other friends will
wish tr writfi to them. In order to
expedite the delivery of their mail
and give the boys the best service
possible, the post office officials in
struct their correspondents, if they
know in advance the 'company and
regiment to which the soldier is as
signed, to address mail according to
this sample:
PRIVATE JOHN JONES,
A Company, First Infantry,
Fort Sill, Ok.
If the company and regiment are
not known, the mail should be ad
dressed thus :
PRIVATE JOHN JONES,
of Minnesota,
Fort Sill, Ok.
When all troops are organized the
mail for each man will be distributed
direct to his company and regiment.
Until then it will be delivered through
his state section.
-a
Good-Bye to Soldiers. Montgomery
county's farewell to the local volun
teers attracted fifteen thousand vis
itors to the city recently, following
a parade in which four companies of
the national guards, the home guards,
boy and girl scouts participated. The
six hundred soldiers were entertained
at a basket dinner at the park. The
parade was led by a band of the Ger
man Lutheran church. Lieutenant
Governor Morgan made the principal
address.
j -K -
Insurance Rates Stand. Members
of the' Kansas Fraternal Citizen will
snot have to pay tne mcreasea rates
'decided upon recently by the heads of
the order, at least not for the pres
ent. Recently the sheriff of Reno
county served the order of injunction
on the president of the order, - who
" was meeting with executives in Hutch
inson. As a result of the notice of
the suit, which is to be heard in No
vember, notice was sent to the clerks
of various camps over the state that
the old rates of insurance would be
accepted for the present.'
-
Red Cross Wins. Members of the
Morrill Literary Club voted to disband
for the winter so they might devote
themselves to Red Cross work. In
stead of studying literary masterpieces
the women will sew material which
they will contribute to the Red Cross
stores.
-k -k -k
Women Played Ball. Two hundred
and sixty-five dollars was given to
the Red Cross chapter as proceeds
from a ball game between single and
' married women at Wakeeney. The
single women won, 14 to 9.
A Wichita Refinery Sold. A. F.
Buser and H. J. Buser, pioneers in the
refining business In Wichita, have
sold their holdings in the Wichita In
dependent Consolidated Company to
a syndicate Of eastern rar.italiRts
headed by W. W. Partridge of New
-York.
White and Allen in France. Wil
liam Allen White of Emporia and
Henry J. Allen of Wichita are in
, France. Mrs. White has received a
. cablegram from Mr. White. - They
went in the interest of the Red Cross.
ro BOOST
OSAGE MINES HAVE CLOSED
Coal Operators Declare They Cannot
Sell Product at Price Fixed
by Government.
The Osage district coal mines have
been closed and no more coal will be
mined except by the co-operative com
panies until there is a change in the
price allowed for coal or until the gov
ernment takes over the operation of
the mines. The Osage district pays
higher wages than any other mine In
the state. The operators there now
pay $1.71 a ton for mining, while in
Southeastern Kansas the rate is ninety-one
cents a ton. This is on account
of the thin vein and shale in the dis
trict. Orders from Topeka dealers for
Osage and Burlingame coal were re
fused by the operators. Local dealers
who gave orders for Osage coal some
time ago were notified that the cars
already loaded would be shipped, but
that other cars would not be furnish
ed. The co-operative mines assert
they cannot get out the coal at $2.80
a ton and the privately owned plants
say the government price is too low
for the Osage district on account of
the high wages paid miners there.
Governor Capper will present the
problem of the Osage district to Harry
A. Garfield, the fuel administrator,
and it may be that a higher price will
be fixed for the Osage district. The
co-operative companies will continue
to mine coal for local use, but they do
not expect to get out any consider
able quantity for sale outside the dis
trict. The miners employed by the co
operative mines are on strike. They
want an increase of fifty cents a ton,
which would make the labor cost of
digging the coal alone $2.21 a ton. An
effort to settle the strike by mediation
of the governor failed.
The Osage district is only thirty
miles from Topeka and thousands of
tons of Osage coal are burned there
yearly.
KANSAS PASTURES PAY BIG
Chase County Stockmen Are Having
the Most Prosperous Year in
Their History .
Chase county stockmen ar,e experi
encing their most prosperous year in
the cattle business. With all pastures
in the Flint Hill grazing district as
green and as abundantly supplied
with grass as in the early spring
time, cattle have continued to put on
heavy gains without interruption since
they were turned on grazing the first
of May. So abundant is the gras3
now that" hundreds of cattle which
have been fattened and shipped to
market, where they have brought the
highest prices ever before recorded at
this time of the season, have been re
placed with other cattle which have
been put on grazing in the same pas
tures and thus the live stock men will
be enabled to handle double their
usual output.
There will be no less than twelve
hundred carloads of fat cattle, or
twenty-seven thousand head, shipped
out of Bazaar this season. Other
points in this county will ship several
carloads.
Some shipments of cattle have net
ted their owners $25 to $40 a head.
Scores of shippers have cleaned up
profits which a few years ago would
have seemed to them impossible.
-k -k -k
Indian Fighters in Reunion. A re
union of the survivors of the Eigh
teenth . and Nineteenth Volunteer
United States Cavalry, who served on
the front during the Indian War of
1867-68-69, was held in Olathe the oth
er day. These regiments were under
command of General Sheridan and
saw some of the hardest fighting at
Beaver Creek and Stormy Hollow
against the Comanches, Arapahoes,
Kiowas and Cheyennes.
Frank Bolin to France Frank Bolin
of Junction City, who was commis
sioned second lieutenant of infantry
at the recent officers' training camp
at Fort Riley, left recently for Hobo
ken, N. J., from where he will sail for
France.
-k -k -k
Skidding Car Kills Driver. Joseph
Lancaster, 35 years old, a garage own
er of Seminole, Ok., was killed the
other night at Leloup, Kan., when he
lost control of a motor car which skid
ded into a ditch.
-X
Deny Typhoid Plot Story. Rumors
that German agents have been spread
ing typhoid fever bacteria, through
Fort Leavenworth by secreting them
in food and water used by the sol
diers were strongly denied by- offi
cials the other night. Only ten cases
of typhoid have developed at Fort
Leavenworth in the last several
months, and all but one of these were
among civilians emplo3'ed at the post.
All soldiers there have been vacci
nated against typhoid, and officers
believe an epidemic of this disease
would be impossible.
-Chase
County Recruit Dead. The
first death among Chase county's re
cruits occurred when Sergeant Delano
Earl Bates, son of Mr. and Mrs. J. M.
Bates of Cottonwood Falls, died of ap
pendicitis. Bates was 21 years old
and enlisted last July.
-k -k
Catholic Teacher Dead. The Rev.
Joseph F. Hill, S. J., for years teacher
of English literature and civics at St.
Mary's college is dead. Father Hill
was 57 years old and was born at
Lebanon, Ky. He also had taught at
schools in Chicago, Detroit and Omaha.
Kansas City Physician Dead. Dr.
John E. Brock, 58 years old, a leading
Arkansas City physician, is dead at
Arkansas City. He leaves a wife and
three daughters, Mrs. George Probst
of Hardtner, and Katherine and Ruth
Brock of Arkansas City,.
-k -k k
High School at Normal. A Junior
high school, consisting of the seventh
and eighth grades of the elemeatary
training school and the ninth grade of
the normal training high school, will
be instituted at the normal school thia
falL
ii (UJLIii iiMi
3
CANDLING EGGS IN NEW WAY
Recent Device .Confines Dark Area
Just Around Egg Impossible for.
Light to Get in.
As far as the consumer Is concerned
there are only two kinds of eggs
good ones and bad ones; and usually
he cannot distinguish one from the
other until he breaks the shell. But
to the dealer there are several grades
between the best and the usable eggs.
For years these grades have been
determined by candling a process re-
en a
INC FM US
Latest Candling Device.
quiring a dark room and a point ol
light against which the egg is held to
get a kind of X-ray view of its In
terior. The process Is slow and the
conditions tinder which the men must
.work are more or less unsanitary.
A newer method employs the can
dling device shown In the illustration.
iThis device confines the dark area
where It belongs just around the egg.
The projection on top of the device
;has a slight slant so that It Is Impos
sible for any light to get to the egg
from above. With this device one
room may be used for candling, grad
ing and packing. Popular Science
Monthly.
CHICKS INFESTED WITH LICE
Mother Hen Should Be Dusted With
Some Good Insect Powder Make
Examination Often.
Where chicks are raised with hens,
chey are likely to become infested
with lice. If the lice get very nu
merous, they greatly retard the chicks'
growth and may even cause their
death. The hen should be powdered
thoroughly with some good Insect
powder before she is put In the coop
with the chicks, and at Intervals of
several days or a week thereafter.
The baby chicks should be examined
for lice, particularly on the head,
under the wings and about the vent.
If any are found, a little grease, such
as lard, should be rubbed on In those
places. Apply grease moderately, as
too much will Injure the chicks. The
chicks should be examined frequently
and the treatment repeated If lice are
found on them.
MAKING MONEY WITH CAPONS
Fowls Should Reach Full Size Before
Fattening Bring Better Prices
Than Turkeys.
Capons should reach full size be
fore fattening, and this should be
when they are from ten to twelve
months old.
Fatten them from two to three
weeks before marketing two If they
are shut up In dark coops. Feed
them all they will stuff of cornmeal
and middlings, wet, bufnot too wet,
with milk.
Cracked bits of glass are used as
an aid to digestion, but good grit is
safest where the ground stuff is used.
Grit of some kind they must have.
The farmer who does not keep over
a lot of male birds as capons will lose
a big profit on fowls, as turkeys do not
at any time sell as high as capons per
pound.
VENTILATION OF HENHOUSES
Reason Many Fowls Seek Roosting
Places In Trees Is Because Build
ings An Too Warm.
Henhouses need to be ventilated In
the summer time as much as In the
winter time. The reason many hens
go to the trees to roost is because the
house Is too warm for them. At least
ten inches of perch space should be
provided for the fowls, so that they
will not have to crowd; and the more
open the house Is during the summer
months the more contented the fowls
will be. A small hole cut on the north
side of the poultry house about two
feet off the floor and left open during
the day and night will do a great deal
to cool the house down and to remove
any foul odors. All windows should be
removed and screens inserted ; also the
doors should be left wide open.
TAKE GOOD CARE OF BROODER
Vermin and Disease Developed More
Rapidly In Warm Weather Than
In Cool Disinfect Often.
Be sure that the brooder Is cleaned
and disinfected frequently and regu
larly. Vermin and germs of disease
should not be allowed to get into a
brooder but If they should invade, do
not forget that they develop more rap
Idly in warm weather than In cool.
Improving One's Good Points.
The art of posing lies In one's abil
ity to acquire It without appearing af
fected. To make those with whom
one comes In contact weary with un
necessary affectation Is of course a
tyng to be deplored. If the Individual,
however, realizes the Importance of
helping nature's endowments, she will
appear perfectly natural in always
striving to look her very best. Learn
to know your own cood points and
take the trouble to cultivate them.
Yoa -win Cad tfc&fc It win pay.
mm
jrj-scn
pTFfjaAntsii
SUPPLEMENT HEAT
BELGIAN HARE IS VALUABLE SOURCE OF FOOD.
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
The meat supply of the country may
well be supplemented, biologist3 of the
United States department of agricul
ture point out, by the raising of rabbits
by youths and adults not engaged In
military or other national service, or
In regular industrial employment.
These animals already have proved a
valuable source of food in Europe dur
ing the present war. In the United
States they might be raised In back
yards of cities and towns as well as
on farms.
The Belgian hare breeds rapidly,
matures quickly, and produces a palat
able and highly nutritious meat. The
cost of production Is less than that of
any other meat, not excepting poultry.
The ' supply can . be greatly increased
within a few months, without requiring
space that may be needed for the pro
duction of crops. Practical experience
has demonstrated that rabbit meat can
be produced In unlimited quantities at
a cost of about six cents a pound ; and
by utilizing lawn cuttings and other
SPRAY POTATOES TO
AVOID LATE BLIGHT
Prompt Spraying With Bordeaux
Mixture Will in Most Cases
Be Found Effective.
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
Potato late blight, a fungous disease,
capable of causing enormous destruc
tion, has appeared In Several states
from Maine to New Jersey and "West
Virginia, according to the United
states department of agriculture. The
blight occurred early this year and re
ports show that li is more prevalent
than usual. While In some fields the
blight Is already beyond control,
prompt spraying with bordeaux mix
ture will in most cases still be effec
tive, the specialists advise. Unless po
tato growers spray thoroughly with
bordeaux mixture they fear that the
large potato crop that has been prom
ised will not be realized, as late blight,
If uncontrolled, Is capable of reducing
the national crop at the rate of 2,000,
000 bushels per day.
To produce a large crop the tops
must be kept healthy till frost as the
tubers increase in size most rapidly
during the last weeks of the season.
The late blight kills the tops and
causes the tubers to rot in the ground.
The blight starts in a few centers In
the field where diseased potatoes were
planted. Brown spots develop on the
leaves and a whitish mildew appears
on their under side. Frequent rains
and warm, muggy weather furnish
Ideal conditions for the development of
the blight under which the foliage
blights rapidly, the leaves hang black
ened and dead and the tubers begin to
rot. Dry and hot weather on the oth
er hand tends to check the progress of
the blight but growers should spray
Immediately and not trust their crops
entirely to Improvement In weather
conditions.
As an effective preventive of late
blight bordeaux mixture has proved
its value for 25 years. Every grower
from Maine to Michigan and south to
Virginia is urged to spray at once
and repeatedly. '
How to Make Bordeaux Mixture.
Home-made bordeaux mixture is
best. Use
Bluestone (copper sulphate) .... 4 pounds
Quicklime pounds
Water .50 gallons
Prepare the copper sulphate by sus
pending It in a gunny sack just below
the surface of several gallons of wa
ter In a clean barreL When fhe sul
phate Is dissolved, which requires
three or four hours, remove the sack
and stir Into the barrel enough addi
tional water to make exactly 25 gal
lons of the copper solution.
Prepare the lime by slaking it slow
ly and thoroughly In a clean barrel,
strain, and add enough additional wa
ter to make exactly 25 gallons of
lime milk. Stir thoroughly.
Pour the two imjredients together
Into another barrel, or tetter directly
into the spray tank, if it will hold 50
gallons. It is highly important to stir
the mixture very thoroughly and to
strain both Ingredients before they are
combined, ,as otherwise clogging of the
spray nozzles might result. Use cop
per or bronze wire strainer of 13
meshes to the Inch. Do not put cop
per sulphate or bordeaux mixture into
tin or iron vessels; use wood or cop
per containers. M"" the bordeaux as
Capital for Poultry.
The best inducement to enter poul
try keeping as a business Is that It
may be undertaken In a small way
with a very limited capital and grad
ually enlarged until it provides a good
livelihood.
Cows Fall In Yield.
Cows will fall off In milk if water
is not within easy reach. When in full
flow of milk they require, it is claimed,
50 per cent more water than when
dry.
SUPPLY OF COUNTRY
vegetation that would otherwise be
wasted, the cost can be made even
lower.
The Belgian and Flemish giant rab
bits are recommended for meat produc
tion, as the ordinary tame rabbit Is
smaller and develops more slowly.
Stock of Belgian hares may be bought
from breeders In nearly all the states
at $1 to $3 each. They may occasion
ally be had from pet stock dealers.
Fancy pedigreed stock Is not required
for meat production.
Rabbits are easily kept. They eat
kay, grass, lawn cuttings and green
vegetation of many kinds. Females
should be allowed to breed when eight
or ten months old, and during the year
should raise four Htters of about six
young each. Well fed, the young reach
marketable size when three to four
months old and average from five to
six pounds live weight.
The department of agriculture has
published a bulletin on raising rab
bits which will be helpful to those who
wish to engage In this pursuit.
needed and apply at once. It is never
so good after it has settled.
Where poisons such as arsenate of
lead are to be combined with bordeaux
mixture, add the poison after the two
solutions are mixed. Then stir well.
Stock Bordeaux Solution.
Those who use bordeaux mixture
frequently and In quantity will find it
convenient to keep concentrated
stock solution on hand, as these keep
Indefinitely If the water which evap
orates is replaced.
Build an elevated platform to hold
the barrels. The night before the
day you wish to commence spraying,
suspend 50 pounds of copper sulphate
to dissolve in a 50-gailon barrel of
water. Slake 50 pounds of lime In
another barreL Add water to make 50
gallons of lime milk. When bordeaux
mixture Is needed, stir both stock bar
rels well and take four gallons from
each stock barreL Dilute the copper
sulpttate In one barrel by adding
enough water to make 25 gallons. Di
lute the lime milk in another barrel
by adding enough water to make 25
gallons. Stir each thoroughly. Com
bine the two as in previous directions.
Thorough agitation is essential in mak
ing good bordeaux mixture.
PORK IS PRINCIPAL
MEAT OF AMERICANS
Hog Is Most Important Animal to
Raise for Meat and Money
Consumes By-Products,
(Prom the United States Department of
Agriculture.)
The quickest and surest way of aug
menting the meat supply next to the
raising of poultry is by raising hogs,
the United States department of agri
culture points out. The hog Is the most
Important animal to raise for meat and
money. He requires less labor, less
equipment, less capital, makes greater
gains per hundred pounds of concen
trates and reproduces himself faster
and In greater numbers than any other
domestic animaL As a consumer of
by-products the hog has no rival. No
other animal equals the lard hog In Its
fat-storing tendency. .The most satis
factory meat for shipping long dis
tances on train, boat or wagon, and for
long storage after reaching Its destina
tion Is mess pork.
Pork finds ready sale because pack
ers have discovered many ways of
placing pork on the market in attrac
tive and highly palatable form com
bined with most excellent keeping
qualities. There is no other meat from
which so many products are manufac
tured. Very near 50 per cent of the
total value, in dollars and cents, of the
meat and meat products slaughtered
in the packing houses of the United!
States is derived from the hog. Our
country leads by far all countries in
the production as well as in the con
sumption of meat and meat products.
Three-fourths of the world's Interna
tional trade in pork and pork products
originates In the United States In nor
mal times, and the war greatly has In
creased this proportion. According to
the estimates there was an increase of
9,580,000 hogs between 1910. the census
year, and 1916, inclusive. The increase
at the end of 1915 was 3,148,000 over
the preceding year, while It is est!
mated that there was a decrease at the
end of 1916 of 313,000 hogs compared
with 1915.
Keep Out Cut Worm.
Tin cans make good protectors to
keep the cut worms away from the
tomatoes and cabbage.
Plant Seeds of Rust.
Fall rains plant the seeds of rust
which are harvested by the manufac
turers of farm machinery.
Butter Flavor Defects.
The most common defects In Caver
in butter come from cream standicr
jtoo long before churning
SHEEP PROFITABLE ON FARM
More Can Well Be Maintained in Addi
tion to Live Stock That Are
Already Kept Thereon.
(By W. F. BAIRD.)
While It is not mv Duroose to trv
co induce stockmen to abandon cattle
and pork production and engage ex
clusively In sheep raising. I do claim
that from ten to one hundred more
sheep could be profitably maintained
an a very large portion of our farms
Well-Bred Specimen.
in addition to the live stock that are
already kept thereon. For a period of
23 years I have been engaged in gen
eral farming and stockralsing where I
now reside. I have been raising
horses, cattle and hog3 during this en
tire period, and for the last 16 years
I have kept from 100 to 125 breeding
ewes of the mutton type. I have en
deavored to produce as good stock of
all kinds as I could, and to keep them
In the most profitable manner. I have
found no other class of live stock more
profitable In dollars and cents than
the sheep. Aside from this fact, I find
that I can now keep as much other
stock as formerly in addition to the
sheep.
Some of my fields produce twice as
much grain as formerly, and my grass
lands are much more productive thn
they were. There is no great mystery
connected with the care of the farm
flock, but there Is more to do than to
purchase a flock and turn them out to
shift for themselves without proper at
tention and shelter, if one expects to
add to his bank account. Costly barns
are not a necessity, but some sort of
a shed that win keep them dry is
needed. Let your roofs be constructed
of shingles, boards, Iron or any mate
rial that will keep off cold rains, sleet,
etc I prefer a shed extending east
and west, open or partly so on the
south Bide, so arranged that it can be
Prize Mutton and Wool Sheep.
closed if bad storms , occur. Give
plenty of pure air, a dry place to lie
down, and all the sunshine possible,
thereby adding to the comfort and
thrift of the flock and the profits oi
the owner.
HARVEST CROPS WITH SWINE
Results Given of Experiment Conduct
ed by Ohio Station Best Gains
Made on Clover.
In tests made by the Ohio station
three lots of pigs were fed 30 days
as follows: Lot 1, ear corn and clov
er pasture ; lot 2, allowed to hog down
rye, and lot 3, ear corn and rape pas
ture. In addition all lots were fed
approximately one-fourth pound of
tankage daily per pig. The respective
lots made average daily gains of 0.82,
0.57 and 0.75 pounds per pig, and con
sumed, aside from pasture, 2.66, 6.34,
and 231 pounds of feed per pound of
gain.. Lot 2 was then put In with lot
1 on clover and lot 3 remained on the
rape, where the pigs were fed for 28
days. The pigs on clover made an av
erage daily gain per pig of 0.75 pounds,
consuming 3.64 pounds of feed aside
from pasture per pound of gain, and
the lot on clover, 0.87 pounds gain,
consuming 3.16 pounds of feed per
pound of gain.
PEDIGREE OF DIRECT VALUE
Gives Record of Ancestors of Animals
for Five or Six Generations
"Like Produces Like."
The pedigree of an animal is a reo.
ord of its ancestors, or family. The"
ordinary pedigree usually shows the
ancestors for fire or six generations.
The value of the pedigree lies in the
fundamental law of nature that 'like
produces like."
DO NT SELL BREEDING STOCK
Fancy Prices Offered for Brood Sow or
Cow Should Not Tempt Farmer
at This Time.
Don't let the temptation of high
prices now being offered for live stock
or undue fear of the prices asked for
many popular breeds mislead you Into
selling a breeding cow or a brood sow
that will drop the golden calf or Utters.
Pushing Swine Industry.
Les3 crossing of breeds is respon
sible for fewer spotted swine than
were common several years ago. One
breed to a farm and one standard
the best are pushing the swine indus
try ahead.
Handling Colt and Mare.
Before lettrcs the colt to the pare
4t mealtime, partly milk out the ud
der. In hot weather let the mare rest
end cool off a few minutes before the
eolt sucks. '
z7
t
S?i1ALL PAVING BLOCKS USED
They Are Proving Popular in Rural
Regions in Europe First Lcld
in New York State.
For a number of years country road
In parts of Germany, Austria and oth
er European countries have been pavec
with small cubes of stone but It is no
so generally known that small-blocl
pavements have been laid in the Unit
ed States. They are believed to LaTC
been introduced first by J. Y. Media
tack, county superintendent of ilonrot
county, N". Y. After an experience oi
ten years or so, he recommends tht
use of blocks of vitrified clay, meas
uring 2i inches on each side. These
are laid on a base of gravel, macadam,
concrete or broken slag, which Is ttsra
ally made wider than the pavement
in order to support the gravel or brok
en stone laid beside the cubes to fonr
hard shoulders to carry vehicles tha
Laying Vitrified Blocks.
are forced to turn out of the main
roadway. During the last year about
six miles of such pavement were put
down in the county.
Mr. McClintock holds that this type
of construction Is desirable where a
substantial base Is already in place, as
in the case of an eld gravel or ma
cadam road which is not worn out, or.
a base can be constructed at low cost.
The vitrified blocks are often laid by
unskilled labor, properly supervised,
with entirely satisfactory results.
Another type of small-block pave
ment was recently laid on the Morris
town turnpike in New Jersey, which
carries a heavy traffic There Is a sec
tion of this road about 1,200 feet long
having a 7 pr cent grade, where it
was decided to try small granite
blocks in the hope that their numerous
joints would reduce the tendency to
slip and,- skid on this rather steep
slope. The blocks are 3 to 4-Inch cubes
and were laid on a thin foundation.
Thejr were not laid in rows but
in curved lines, forming a mosaic pat
tern, and the joints were filled with
fine stone and a grout of cement and
sand.
PIONEER GOOD ROAD BUILDER
Over $120,000,000 Expended m or
Pledged During Last Two Dec
ades in New York State.
Twenty years ago New York em
harked upon its policy of state aid for
the construction, maintenance and re
pair of state, county and township
highways. Since that time approxi
mately 20.000 of the total mileage, es
timated to exceed 80,000, have been
improved.
As a pioneer in the good roads move
ment, the Empire state has always oc
cupied first rank. Over $120,000,000
has been expended or pledged during:
the last two decades for highway con
struction. CONVICTS BUILD GOOD ROADS
Prison Camps No Longer In Experi
mental Stage In Oklahoma
Accepted Institution.
In Oklahoma prison road camps are
no longer In the experimental stage,
says the National Committee on Pris
ons and Prison Labor. They have
become an accepted Institution In the
state. In the central and southwest
sections priseners are building the
Ozark jail ; la the southeast, they are
grading the Jefferson highway, and in
other districts they are assisting In the
local good road movement.
Illinois in Earnest.
The state of Illinois will put to Its
voters at the 1918 election the ques
tion of Issuing $00,000,000 in highway
Honds, the Interest and retiring fund
for which is to be provided for by an
Increase in the motor vehicle registration-fees.
Drainage and Foundation.
Drainage and a good foundation are
the first considerations In Improving a
road with a hard surface. The best
possible foundation Is a good eartii
road with a low crown.
Success With Turnips.
Secrets of successful turnip grow
ing: Have the seedbed very fine, then
roll it, Sow the seed soon after a rain,
fend cover the seed by lightly rolling
ithe ground.
Silo Keeps Feed.
The silo provides a means of keep
ing over, for summer use, feed of higl
quality.
Learn Soil Conditions. '
Learn to take advantage of soil con
ditions. - i .
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