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THE ; HAYS FTlTin FXISS3 i m liaiser as i lloew Minn For CHAPTER XV Continued. The jubilation with which the news of the sinking of the Lusitania was re ceived by the German people was gen eral. It was so significant that I be lieve America would have declared war Immediately had It been known. I have failed to find a single German who did not exult over the dastardly crime, and the activity of the Zep pelins in their raids on open towns evoked similar demonstrations. That the views which the people held regarding the conduct of the war vere strongly influenced by the public press, which was absolutely controlled by the government, was only to be ex pected. The fact that In peace time the press of Germany was perhaps the most reliable In the world, made. of it a particularly valuable tool in the hands of the government in time of war. The German newspaper is gospel to the people.' The last word in any argu ment was always furnished by proof supplied by some newspaper article. "Es steht In der zeitung," liberally translated, "The paper says so," was always final and conclusive. Nothing the papers declared was too preposter ous to be believed. The press was used to excellent ad vantage to conceal reverses and to make the utmost capital out of suc cesses. Right from the start the news papers declared that Germany was fighting a defensive war; that the na tions of the world had jumped on Germany's neck because they were jealous of her growing power. The importance which the kaiser and his leaders placed in public opin ion among the German people is clear ly illustrated by the announcements they made and the measures they re sorted to from time to time, for home consumption. When In December, 1916, for in stance, the kaiser realized that the re sumption of unrestricted submarine warfare, which he had determined upon, might bring neutral nations, In cluding the United States, Into the war, he felt that It was necessary to do something to uphold the spirit of his people. It took the form of a pro posal of peace to the allies. This proposal was designed to ac complish two distinct purposes: First, it was to convince the German people that their kaiser was really the peace loving monarch he had always pro fessed, to be ; second, it was to demor alize the allies by dividing them against themselvesl This much is certain : The kaiser never intended the allies to accept the proposal he made. lie admitted that much to me, as did also the Prince von Pless, his most intimate advisor. It was termed in such a way that the allies could not possibly ac cept it. But it served one of the pur poses which it was intended to achieve, and nearly accomplished the other. CHAPTER XVI. Germany in Wartime. "While the German people have al ways been in thorough accord with the kaiser's ambitious project which Is so significantly described by the popular slogan: "Deutschland uber alles!" ' achieve Germany's aims, commenced. It came almost as much as, a surprise to the Germans as it was to the rest of J- the world. They knew it was inevl " table and they looked forward eagerly to "Der Tag," but when it arrived the bustle and excitement, not to say panic, which developed throughout VTtri 111 till j w no piuuuuuvcvi iuufc some cases It approached the ludicrous; Obviously the people were kept in ignorance of the plans of their war barons in oraer mat nosuiiues migui come as a complete surprise to them : and give color to the government's upon Germany. So little thought did we give to the complexities or toe political situation that on Friday, July 31, 1914, my wife ana i siarieu uu uu n luijiui uii. c had heard so many rumors of war within th previous ten vears that we saw no reason why an amicable solu tion should not again 'be found as It had always been before. Vn our, way uui me unnuneuuuiger Chaussee we passed the kaiser and the kaiserln driving to Berlin from Pots dam .at about sixty miles an hour, and there were other indications of ac tivity but we attached little impor tance to them. When we reached Potsdam, how ever, ami saw tnousanas 01 tons 01 . coal heaped up between the railroad tracks which were ordinarily kept clear, we realized that preparations.ror war were being made in earnest and we stopped to consider wnetner ir would not be better after all to return home. Such was our ignorance of war that we decided that, even though it wire not advisable to motor in Bel gium and France, where we were bound, we might safely plan a tour in the Black forest in Germany. , K Wo hfll left Berlin late in the after- X -'-V-oon. In the evening, when we arrived t fAt Gotha, we found that the younger -waiters in tue restaurants ana noteis iad already left and that the older re- , serves expected a general call the next lay. f The next morning we started for ankfort. As we passed through vil " fage after village, war preparations be suae more and more evident. Measures : Were being taken everywhere to arouse j enthusiasm young men- gathered on -school steps were singing patriotic songs, students were marching and speeches were being made in the mar ket places. . ' About five o'clock that afternoon we " arrived In Frankfort, The wbole place Fourteee Yew (Copyright. 1918- by the McClure Newspaper Syndicate.) was in a fever of excitement over the mobilization posters and their resent ment against the French was being aroused by "extras," which were handed out without charge, announc ing that the French had already dropped bombs on the railroad at Nurnberg and that French officers .in autos had over-ridden tire borders. The ridiculous statements about French flyers dropping bombs on the iailroad at Nurnberg had not the slightest foundation, of course. The older people who had lived through the war of 1870 had interested audiences for once while they related past experiences and gave advice as to what preparations to make. A possi bility of food shortage seemed to be uppermost in all minds, and the gro ceries were stormed with eager buy ers. Salt suddenly jumped to 75 cents a pound and other things in propor tion. On Sunday, August 2, all the gaso line in the country was commandeered, and we heard of many American tour ists being put out of their cars in the cities and even on country roads, no matter how inaccessible to trains they might be. We accordingly decided to stow our car away in an old wagon shed attached to a hotel and sought to returnv to Berlin by train. At the railway station there was such a tremendous crowd that it was quite impossible to get anywhere near the ticket office, and anyway no prom ise could be given as to trains to Ber lin. Trunks and bags were piled high in every available space and It was months before that enormous pile of baggage was finally sorted out. We decided to defer our effort to reach Berlin until Monday, since there seemed no hope of getting away that day. Qn Monday morning, the streets were filled with excited crowds de stroying every sign with a French word on it and looking for spies. The papers had announced that the coun try was full of French spies, women as well as men. I saw the crowd stop an automobile, take a woman out and literally tear her clothes to shreds be fore the police succeeded in rescuing her from the mob and took her to the police station. The general supposi tion was that all the man spies were masquerading as women and the first thing the mob did was to pull out hair pins to see whether the hair was real. On Monday evening, we managed to edge our way into the last through train to Berlin. We were side-tracked innumerable times to allow troop trains to pass through, and we were re quired to keep our windows closed so that no enemy passenger . could drop bombs on the bridges we crossed. It was a hot August night and the lack of ventilation was most oppressive. Our compartment was crowded with officers on their way to join their regi ments and very grand and important they felt in their new field-gray uni forms which may have long been put away in moth balls for just this oppor tunity, but which took the German peo ple as well as the allies completely by surprise. At Naumberg, which is about half way between Frankfort and Berlin, a company of soldiers boarded the train and guarded the corridors while a non commissioned officer questioned the passengers. My wife, who was asleep in a cor ner of the coupe 1, was the only wom an in the compartment. Believing that her sleep might be feigned and she might, In fact, be a man In woman's clothing, the officer yelled at her: "Where are you going?" Her Ameri can accent, revealed when she an swered him. Incensed him the more and he demanded angrily : "What right have you to use this train? Where Is your passport?" By that time I had produced all the papers of identification I could find and tried to tell him that my wife and I were returning to our home in Berlin, but he was too excited to listen and would have dragged us off the train had not an officer, with whom I had been talking en route, intervened and said : "Ishall make myself personally responsible for these people." I was glad I had admired his new uniform. From the coupe next to ours I saw soldiers drag six Russians, throw them down and kick them in the face, and one was a woman ! The train pulled out as the crowd closed in on them so that I was unable to ascertain the fate of those Innocent but helpless passen gers. When we finally reached Berlin, about five the next morning, it seemed like a dead city. There was not a droschke, a taxi or a tram in sight. Every available means of locomotion had been mobilized for the time being. As we had heavy bags, we simply had to find something to take us home and after half an hour's search far from the station I found an- old cab driver who thought he could take us for the liberal bonus I agreed to pay him. We had hardly got seated when an officer tried to force us out, and only my wife's quick plea of illness saved him a black' eye and me Iron bars or a large fine. Alter England declared war, the ef forts to capture spies were doubled, and the mob had a new lot of signs to tear down. We were forbidden to talk English on the telephone or on. the street. We kept to our homes rather closely. Most of the buses, taxi cabs and horses had been commandeered, and the only signs of life in Berlin were furnished by the officers driving madly about in high-powered cars which exceeded all speed limits and other traffic regulations. N After a few days, things began" to re turn to normal again. The food "sup ply seemed ample and the headlines in the newspapers were so encouraging and the reports of victories upon vic tories so convincing that every one ex pected the war to be over within a very short time and they began to eat up the stores they had so excitedly collected. Bread cards were initiated, it is true, but the amount allowed was more than adequate for all except, perhaps, the very poor who depend almost entirely upon bread." The press began advising the peo ple to conserve food but at the same time said that if care was taken there was no danger of there not being enough for all. School teachers gave daily talks to the children to eat every thing on their plates. One went so far as to announce: "I' always lick my plate, children, and you should do the same !" The result of these warnings was merely to increase hoarding and buy ing from food speculators. " I never knew of a single German who volun tarily deprived himself of a single article of food out of patriotic mo tives. The only sacrifice a German is willing to make for his country is the one he cannot escape. As time went on and England's blockade became Increasingly effective, the internal condition of Germany went from bad to worse, and long be fore I left Berlin, on January 22, 1918, conditions had become well-nigh unbearable. CHAPTER XVII. The Economic Situation In Germany. By the spring of 1916. butter and meat had become extremely scarce in Berlin. My wife had remained in America, where she had accompanied me in the summer of 1915, and during her absence I dined at hotels and res taurants where the food was still rather good. In June, 1916, I left for America again and just as I was leav ing meat cards were issued Vor the first time. I returned to Berlin with" my family In October, 1916. Conditions had changed considerably for the worse during the summer. I found that every one who had the money had bought up every available pound of food and soap which had not already been commandeered by the govern ment. Butter, potatoes, eggs, milk, flour, sugar, soap, bread and meat and dry groceries were all rationed and it was now no longer necessary for wom en to stand in line In front of the shops, sometimes all night, to await the morning opening. Shopping by the card system was very complicated and the quantities permitted by the ration cards so small that a well-balanced meal was an im possibility. To dine In a restaurant It was necessary to take a whole pocket ful of cards and make a careful analy sis of them before ordering the mea ger meal which the law allowed. Empty boxes were used to decorate the depleted show windows of the shops. The fact that they were empty was not known to the public and very often the windows would be broken by hungry mobs who couldn't resist the sight of what appeared to be so much food. This led the government to or der the shopkeepers to label the boxes : "Empty Boxes" in order to avert such disturbances and riots. . There was simply nothing to buy In the food line except substitutes, and of these there were hundreds, each worse than the last. The remark: "If things get much worse, we shall soon be eat ing rats as the Parisians did in 1870" brought the rejoinder: "Well, that wouldn't be so bad ; what Tm dreading is the time when we shall Have to be content with rat-substitute!" WThen we finally had cards for coffee-substitute I gave up interest In substitutes and commenced to patron ize the speculators, figuring that it was better to risk the penalties imposed by the law for such violations of the food regulations than to ruin our health through undernourishment. For a long time we were permitted to receive "presents" of bacon, ham, sausages, eggs and butter from Den mark, but this was finally prohibited through the influence of the Central Einkaufs Gesellschaft (The Central Society for Buying Food From Other Countries) which found that it was Interfering with their graft. This society was formed by a com pany of clever Jewish business men to buy food from foreign countries and sell it to the people, a small percent age of the profits going to the govern ment. It not only developed Into a most successful enterprise from the standpoint of profit, its prosperity be ing augmented by graft, but It provided a haven for the slacker sons of the proprietors and stockholders. Just be fore I left Berlin, this company, to hide their war profits, bought a build ing for three million marks, which they claimed was needed for the business. One of the subterfuges resorted to by some of the war profiteers to con ceal the extent of their gains and es cape taxation was to invest their sur plus earnings in works of art and other expensive luxuries. As the tax assess ments were based principally upon the Individual's bank deposits and the tax collecting machinery was very much out of gear it was comparatively easy to evade the law by careful manipula tion xt one's bank account, and by dis bursing profits received without hav ing them go through the bank. A Ger man whom r knew told me that he had disposed of an oil painting which had cost him $300 for no less than $85,000, the price of works of art and antiques having increased to a remarkable ex tent because of the demand for them from tax dodgers. Under the. stress of the changed food conditions the hungry German By Arthur N.Davis,D.D.S. American Dentist to the Kaiser from 1904 to 1918 soon replaced the honest German. Ger mans had always had a reputation for honesty, but their claims to such dis tinction disappeared with the food sup ply. Necessity soon brought out all that was worst in the German char acter. Although the government decreed a high fine and imprisonment as pun ishment for buying or selling anything which had been commandeered, specu lators sprang up on every side and people bragged openly of what they had stored away. The worst deprivation was In the lack of fats. The people showed It very plainly. One seldom saw a fat man or a fat woman, although before the war fatness was almost character istic of the German physique. Indeed. I saw a rather stout woman being fol lowed by at least twenty boys who were jeering at her and making slur ring remarks about the manner In which she had retained her avoirdu pois. A fat person In Germany today is regarded with suspicion. Naturally the weakened condition of the people makes them all easily sus ceptible to disease. Epidemics spread rapidly and I am inclined to believe that little care was taken by the au thorities to protect the older people from infection. ; I know that my sec retary's mother fell and broke loth her legs last summer (1917) and was taken to the accident ward of a hos pital where her fellow-patients were all crippled. Ten of the inmates of that ward died in a single day from dysentery, and the following day the death list was increased by twelve, the old lady with the broken legs be ing one of them. Twenty-two more bread cards saved at the expense of twenty-two useless women in one hos pital alone a fair record for two days! I have no proof that these un fortunate victims of disease were de liberately infected by the hospital au thorities, but the mere fact that twenty-two patients in an accident ward died from dysentery in two days Is certainly evidence of gross careless ness if nothing worse. To buy new clothes it is necessary to secure a certificate from the gov ernment to the effect that you are ab solutely in need of clothing, and. even then, you are compelled to give up the suit you are discarding. Branch offices for investigating the necessity of replenishing one's ward robe have been established all over the cities and they are always crowd ed. Women are In charge and they seemed thoroughly to enjoy, their au thority and their power to deny an application for new clothing. When I left Berlin the law permit ted a man Just two shirts, two collars, two pairs of socks, etc., a year. Since soap had disappeared from the mar ket so many Inadequate substitutes had been tried that one's laundry in variably came home full of holes. In November, 1917, I paid $100 for a suit of clothes which if it had been made out of cloth of good quality would have been worth about $35. As It was, the tailor frankly admitted that the goods was made of re-worked yarn, and because of the lack of cotton thread, the seams were worked with a material which looked like paper string. This paper string was In general use at that time, the department stores all displaying notices warning customers not to carry their parcels by the string. Many purchases were no longer wrapped, to save paper, and no pur chase amounting to less than $5 was delivered. Before I left Berlin, artificial silk was the principal fabric obtainable for ladies' wearing apparel. Almost every woman in the land, princess or maid, was attired in art taffeta. It sold for $10 a yard. In normal times It would have been worth from 75 cents to $1. In the fall of 1917, a cloth suit was un obtainable for less than $300. It would have been worth $25 in normal times. All fur skins were needed for sol diers' wear and the -few that were still obtainable for home use In the form of fur sets sold for $1,000 up. Through speculators, we obtained some Imitation soft soap at $4 per pound. People said It was made from human corpses, but It was the only thing available outside of the substi tutes which were soap only in name. A small cake of toilet soap easily brought $3. A servant's plain wooden ward robe, formerly costing $5, was unob tainable for less than $50. We paid as high as $8 a pound for butter, from a speculator, and my last Christmas dinner in Berlin consisted of a small goose, just enough for one meal for three persons, for which I paid $25. One of the things the people missed most, of course, was their beer. While it was put on sale at 8 p. m. every night, only a limited amount was avail able and as soon as it was disposed of, only coffee or tea substitute, with out sugar, milk or lemons, could be had. The scarcity of metals required for munitions was evidenced early in the war when the interiors and exteriors of houses throughout the country were thoroughly ransacked and everything In the way of copper, brass or alu minum fixtures or cooking utensils that wasn't . absolutely' necessary was seized. Horses were gradually disappearing from sight when I left early this year. One saw them lying about the streets where they dropped from exhaustion, and what disposition was made of their corpses can well be imagined. It is quite certain that no part was wasted. Dogs, too, nearly vanished from city life. A man I know, who had kept a fine Newfoundland dog, told me that It had disappeared one night . and the next day Its skin was found hanging on the fence with a sign reading: "Died for the fatherland." One of the principal articles of fresh meat to be seen in the butcher shops consisted of black crows. They were selling at 75 cents apiece. There was something ludicrous in the thought of the Germans being compelled to "eat crow," but there was little to laugh at in eating It oneself. To obtain oil, prizes were offered to the school children to collect fruit seeds, from which it could be extract ed, and veritable mountains of the seeds were thus obtained. The last meal I had in Berlin was on January 21, 1918, when I dined at the Hotel Adlon. It consisted of one sardiae, three thin slices of cold smoked salmon, soup which was hard ly more than hot salt water, two small boiled potatoes and as a substitute for cornstarch pudding. No butter and no sauces of any kind were served. Black bread I took in my pocket. The check for this elaborate table d'hote meal amounted to $4J"0. To sum up" the situation as I was able to observe it, living conditions in Germany in January of this year were rapidly becoming absolutely unbear able. How much worse they can be come without bringing on internal troubles which will bring about the collapse of the German empire can be only a" matter of conjecture. The twentieth century has seen such radical changes in world conditions, views and aspirations, that I am afraid history will prove but a poor guide to the future. In the past few centuries Germany has experienced several more or less serious social revolutions, but it would be dangerous to predicate very much upon those abortive uprisings. As long as the officers remain stanch to the kaiser little may be expected in the way of a successful revolution, no matter how discontented and rebel lious the people at large may grow, but I believe that the time will surely come when the officers themselves will turn against their government. There may be two revolutions. The civilians, consisting of women, old men and youths and others who have not been called into the army, may rise up, but their effort will be In vain. The defeat of such an uprising, however, may be. the signal for a greater one in which a portion of the army itself will take part, and then a civil war will re sult which will have no counterpart in the world's history. The basis for this belief lies in the fact that the officers of the German army realize the extent of the distress prevailing throughout the country. Their families, as well as thoee of the rank and file are suffering from under nourishment and privations, and tltey know, even better than their inferiors, the extent of the reverses which the German army has suffered and will continue to suffer and how the govern ment has misrepresented actual con ditions. If the German officers 'consisted en tirely of men of the old school men who were willing to fight for fighting's sake and who would rather continue the war until the last German had dropped than give In we could not look for much In this direction. But the ravages of war have dis posed of a large percentage of these bred-in-the-bone officers and their places have been taken by civilians who have been raised from the ranks. Therein lies the hope pf a successful revolution. I will not venture a guess as to when that will be, but I feel sure that it will certainly come about. Fortified by a large portion of the army, the German people will at last turn on their rulers and destroy the throne and the whole Hohenzollern regime. In this connection, I recall a prophecy made early in the war by an honored colleague of mine of Dresden, an American dentist who had lived and practiced in Germany for forty years and understood the German people and their rulers as well, perhaps, as any man alive. He was a leader of his profession and a man whose judgment on all things was most accurate. He was in close contact with many leading figures of the German nobility. "Germany. will lose the war because her cause is wrong," he declared. "She will fight it through to the bitter end until the foundations of the empire are absolutely destroyed!" THE END. Breaking Class Barriers. If classes already mingle more free ly than they could do forty years ago. It Is largely because the elements of education are common to all, and the door has thus been opened to the able and ambitious to educate themselves. But if the normal course were much of a muchness for all classes till the end of adolescence there would be an edu cated community wherein certain gen eral standards would be as common a possession as reading and writing are at the present time, and lnsuch a com munity class distinction could only take a secondary place. General education is. In fact, the most per vasive and the best of democratic agencies, because It levels all up and pulls nothing down. That Is Its con tribution to social democracy. Man chester Guardian. Daylight Saving. Ben Franklin thought of saving daylight a long time ago. In the year 1784 he r wrote from England to a friend In America: "In a walk through the Strand and Fleet Street one morning at 7. o'clock I observed that there was not one shop open, although It had been day light and the sun up about three hours ; the Inhabitants of London j choosing voluntarily to live by candle light and sleep by sunshine; and yet ' often complaining a little absurdly j of the duty on candles and the high ! price of tallow." Caterpillars' Intelligence. If caterpillars cannot actually think. It appears that they have a degree of sense not generally recognized. In a London Institution lecture some time ago Frederick Enoch, who has been ' studying the insects for half a cen- tury, showed that they really seem to be conscious of their marking and col I oration and are able to use the knowl edge In protecting themselves from j birds, their natural enemies. J Successful borrowers are the kind i who set credit for their eZorts, Net Contests 15 Tfcrid PraeEr! 1 jaCOHQI.-3 PER CErt- Oxerrclncss aaa vfi Z Mineral. NoT XtAXico j&pfC(.W nags3 AhcIpfolKei Constlpafcanj Exact Copy of Wrapper. for PINK A very popular couple two dollars. ,OcSra- I r 5 8 I LossofSleep 1 - 1 Iez ctorrraCcfSP r : uuuu Indigestion dyspepsia sour stom achs bloated, gassy Etom&chs belchy, miserable-feeling Etomachs these are cid-Stomachs. What a lot of misery they e&usel How Acid-Stomach, with its day-after-day Bufferings, does take the joy out of lifel Not only that Acid Stomach is always undermining one's health. Think of what acid does to the teeth how the acid eats through the enamel, causing them to decay. Is it any wonder, then, that Acid Stomach saps the strength of the strongest bodies and wrecks the health of eo many people? You see ACID-STOMACH victims everywhere always ailing. They can't tell exactly what is the matter; all they say ia, "I don't feel well ' "I'm all in; tired, sickly." If they only knew it, nine times out of ten it is Acid-Stomach that is ailing them. It surely makes good digestion diffi cult, causes food to sour and fer ment in the bowels, weakens the blood and fills the system with poi sons. It prevents one from getting the full Etreneta out ox their food. r c j u A li E i ' , r f FOR YOUR One of Little Faith. The old farmer had no faith In "physic,' but he became so sick that he was eventually Induced to see a doctor. A few days after his visit the doctor met him and remarked that he looked better. "Yes, mr," said the farmer. I am a lot better than I was." "So the medicine did you some good after all, then?" said the physician. "I dunno, zur, I dunno," the farmer went on. " TIs like this 'ere, you see. Soon as I got outside your place I d linked one-half and throwed away the other but I can't tell which done me the most good." Tit-Bits. How's This? V7 oSer $100.00 for any case of catarrh that cannot be cured by HAIJfl CATARRH MEDICINE. HALL'S CATARRH MEDICINE Is tak en internally and acts through the Blood on the Mucous Surfaces of the Bystem. Sold by druggists for over forty years. Price 75c Testimonials free. J. Cheney A. Co Toledo. Ohio. Bells Go to Rightful Owners. Three huge bells formerly In the belfry of Christ church, Wellington. New Zealand, have been presented by that government to France. The bells were cast from cannon captured by the Germans from the French In 1870. and were presented to Christ church by German residents. Look out for Span ish Influenza. At the first sign of a cold take - CASCARA QUININE Standard cold rwoedy for 30 ir tcr 20 yemru U tablet bae-fc U It t-". The pumM be s X HI trp l i pbara. u s fi Ow r" r? rv test life For Infants and Children. 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