Albuquerque morning journal. [volume], February 01, 1919, CITY EDITION, Image 1

About Albuquerque morning journal. [volume] (Albuquerque, N.M.) 1903-1926

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V I
CITY
EDITION
loKTIKTII YF.AK.
VOL. ll.X. Xo. 32.
0. 5. AND ALLIES
u mi
MILLION SOLDIERS
IN RHINE SECTOR
Limit Is Placed by Represen
tatives of American, French
and British Governments at
Paris Peace Conference,
SUPREME COUNCIL SENDS
DELEGATION TO POLAND
Differences Between Poland
and Rumania Over Terri
tory Is to Be Composed
Thru Diplomatic Channels,
SY MOPNINO JOURNAL SPECIAL LEASED WIRE
Pails, Jan. 31. (Havas.) The num.
ber of American. French and British
troops to lit maintained In the occu
pied regions along the llhine will be
limited to 1,000,000 men, according
to the Kcho De Paris.
Paris, Jan. 31. The full text of the
official communication issued this
evening, dealing with the session of
the supreme council follows:
"The president .if the United
States of America, the prime minis
ters and foreign ministers of the al
lied nnd associated poweis and the
representatives of japan met this aft
ernoon at 3 o'clock.
'The delegates fit the great pow
ers, composing the inter-allied com
mission which will shortl;' proceed to
Poland, were Introduced to state the
conclusions which they had reached
after hearing the representatives of
Poland and of the Czecho-Slova k re
public regarding the provisional ex
ploitation of the industilal district of
Teschen. f
"After listening . to the .reports
made by M. Moulens and by General
Onthe, In the name of their col
lea1, . ed ministers decided'
' " when allied deleg.il. s
t . j. pose of assuring a peaee
iin exploitation in agreement with
the Czechs ami the Poles, pending a
territorial settlement of the question
lv the conference.
' A st.ixenuiii i.f the views or 'LlieL7
respective Interests and rights of Itn
' mania and Serbia in the Kanat of
Temesvar was then heard. M P.rn
tlano and M. Mishu represented the
Kumanlan government and the Ser
bian delegation was composed of M.
Pnchitch, M. Vesnitch and M. Truni
bitch. "The next meeting was fixed for
tomorrow, Saturday, at 3 o'clock.
PLEADS DRUNKENNESS
AS TREASON 'DEFENSE
P.Y MORNIN3 JOURNAL SPECIAL LEASED WIRE
Portland, Ore., Jan. 31. Absolute
denial that lie was pro-German In
sympathy during the world war and
claims that he was distinctly anti
German because of the military trend
of the kaiser and his clique of dip
lomats, were made here today by J.
Henry Albers. Pacific x:ost milling
man, when he took the stand In h's
own defense in his trial of charges
of violating the espionage act October.
His railroad journey from Oakland
to Portland, when-he was alleged to
have made seditious and disloyal ut
terances, wus a complete blank - to
him, Albers declared, as ho was too
Intoxicated to remember anything
that occurred.
. Other testimony introduced by the
defense was to the effect that Albers
advised his employes to enlist in the
United States army and that his firm
bought heavily of Liberty Bonds and
subscribed to war charities.
TEXAS RANGER FORCE
BEING INVESTIGATED
(V MOtNINA JOURNAL SPECIAL L4ASEO WIRfil
Austin, (Texas. Jan. 31. The Joint
legislative committee appointed to In
vestigate charges against the. state
ranger force today began the exami
nation of witnesses. After several
had been heard the hearing was ad
journed until .Monday.
Witnesses for the most part ex
pressed the opinion that the ranger
personnel as a whole was made up of
law abiding men.
Among thei . witnesses .examined
was Dayton Moses ot Fort Worth, at
torney for tho Texas Cattle Kaisers'
Association, who declared that "if
the ranger force is abolished or im
paired, cattle raising along the bor
der will be hazardous."
Alba Haywood of Cameron county
declared that in his opinion the rang
er controversy was occasioned . by a
political situation. .
C.ccli8 Pi'fout Politdi lro
Amstcrdum, Jan. 31. Austrian
East Silesia has been entirely occu
pied by Czechs after heavy fighting
with the Poles, according to a Vienna
dispatch to the Cologne A'olks Zei
tung. " ' ,
THE WEATHER
FORECAST
Denver, Colo., Jan. 31. New Mex
ico: Saturday and Sunday, generally
cloudy with rain south poition, snow
north portion; colder south portion
Saturday. -
Arizona: Saturday cloudy with rain
south and snow north portion; Sun
day generally fair.
. IXKJAIj REPOItT. 1 '
A summary of local weather condi
tions tor tho twenty-four hours ended
at 6 n. m. Friday follows: Maximum
temperature, 53 deere.es; minimum,
15; range, 3-; temperature at p. m.,
38-; north W .it wind; partly cloudy.
10 MAINTAIN ONE
ALBUQUS
Twin Sisters, Prominent
in Society, Who Leaped
to Death From a Liner
Hroaks All Hog Itivord-i.
Omaha, Neb., Jan. 31. All hog re
ceipts at the Omaha stockyards for
one month wfro smashed when receipts
for January were footed showing
that even with embargoes and govern
mental curtailment of receipts there
arrived at the Omaha yards during
the month 44!. 301 head of hogs. The
highest previous record was in Janu
ary, 1 it 1 T, when 441.101 head arrived.
NISTRAT1
Few Restrictions Are Retained
Because of Contractual Ob
ligations or to Stabilize the
Prices of Certain Articles,
m MORNINO JOURNAL SPECIAL LEAEC5 WHN
Washington, Jan. 31. ltemoval of
all restrictions an margins of profit
of foodstuffs, except cotton seed pro
duels and eggs, and cancellation of
most license requirements of Ijhport
ers und distributors, effective Tomor
row were announced today by the
food administration on authoiity of a
proclamation .signed by President
Wilson at 1-aris.
The folmwing only remain under
licensts: Importers and distributors
of wheat, coin, oats, rye, barloy and
elevators - and warehouses storing
these grains and rice-
Importeis, manufacturers and dis
tributors of fresh, canned or cured
beef, poik or mutton, cottonseed, cot
tonseed products, lard, butter and
egns and sugar.
Importers and manufacturers of
rice flour, wheat flour and wheat mill
feeds and cold storage wayehouse
ni en.
The margins still allowed are: Re
tail cold storage and fresh eggs, 7 to
8 cents a dozen; cottonseed lard sub
stitutes at wholesale 1 1-4 to 2 cents
a pound on more than fifty pound
packages, 8 to 10 per cent on less than
50 pound packages, and five to six
cents and 18 to 22 per cent at retail.
Wholesale margins on eggs differ ac
cording to the number of services per
formed by the wholesaler or jobber.
In addition to the regulations can
celled by the proclamation all re
maining special regulations govern
ing manufacturers and distributors of
butter were repealed.
In making the announcement the
food administration warned dealers
that the provisions of the food con
trol act prohibiting profiteering and
an fail- practices would be rigidly en
forced. - ' - . .'
This action by the president virtual
ly brings to an end the activities of
the food , a'dministration except for
the continued control of the excepted
commodities which, officials explained
Is necessary either because of con
tractural obligations at the govern
ment or because of a determination
to maintain stabilized prices. It was
predicted by these officials that most
remaining functions would cease be
fore March J.
Fl'UTIIEIt TJK4.1 1.ATIOY
liY I. S. DFPKICATFJ)
New York. Jan. 31. Opposition to
"any further government price fixing
or control of foodstuffs beyond the
points of a just and equittrble adjust
ment of existing government obliga
tions, in which consideration should
be given to the rights of nil classes,
both producers and consumers," was
declared in n resolution adopted to
day ry the New York produce ex
change. The exchange empowered Its offi
cers "to ass-st in any unnecessary
constructive work, leal or otherwise,
to hasten the return of business tq
its normal channels."
If??? 4
Ml
Of HDUVEH "MM
F00DST0FFS ENDS
m,QJJE MORNING JOURNAL.
o
AlbuouprntiP. New Mexico- Sahirrlav. Fl.riirv 1. 1 Q 1 Q Dk T-r or j
" 7 - - - -
BONUSES ARE 10
RE-PAID TO ALL
OFFICERS, SOL
House and Senate Conferpes,
Agree That Enlisted Men
and Nurses Shall Receive
Fifty Dollars Extra,
COMMISSIONS CARRY
PRIVILEGE OF $200
Those Already Mustered Out
Are to Receive Same Bene
fits as Those Who Are Still
in U, S, Service,
1BV MOftNINQ JOURNAL tRECtA. lMRCO WIRE)
Washington, Jan. 31. An amend
ment to the war revenue bill provid
ing for the payment of a bonus of
$50 to enlisted men and nurses and
JliOO to officers of the armv, navy
and marine corps upon their dis
charge from service has been agreed
upon by the senate und house con
ferees. Demands in the house for a
separate vote on the senate child la
bor amendment and the provision
prohibiting importation ef liquor Into
the District of Columbia for beverage
purposes, were withdrawn today, in
suring the retention of these amend
ments in the final draft of tne hill.
Under the conference tgreement,
the bonus would be given to enlisted
men, nurses and officers alreiily
mustered out as well as thjse jet to
be discharged, regardless of whether
service was at home or oversjeas.
Field clerks and others attach "d to
the fighting forces would share in
the payments.
Because of the house discussion no
session of the conferees was held to
day. They will meet tomorrow and
expect to finish work on life bill. It
was said, however, that the delay
would prevent distribution ot the
final re-draft until next Monday or
Tuesday and that the conference re
port would not be submitted to the
house until Tuesday.
Campaign oittrlbutloiis.
Despite today's action by the house
the campalku contribution tax si ill
remains in i.ispute for settlement to-
m ,u V) .necoiiieixc), Willi .1 lively
contest in prospect. Uy a vote of 244
to 61 the house today instructed its
conferees not to accept the senate
amendment which would levy a tav of
100 per cent on campaign contrihu
Hons in excess of 1500. Immediately
afterward, however; the houso voted.
181 to 116, to accept the principle uf
taxing campaign contributions, but to
limit such taxes to future campaigns
Representative Kitchin, in announc
ing in the house that he would vote
for a tax on future contributions, do
clared he- "doubted exceedingly
whether it becomes a law."
Senate CriliHHi'il.
Criticism of the -senate proposal
was general durinu the house debate.
Members referred to it as a "bluff"
and "buneomb" and a '"fine for doing
in 1918 what was permissible by law
"I never took uny contributions
from the packers, despite the con
trary reports," declared Republican
Leader Munn, Who argued that the
senate provision was indefinite and
that "it goes back to 1916, 1914 and
J 91 2 and that shows how ridiculous it
is."
"v have the senate now 4n a posi
tion whore they will have to voto fa
vorably on the proposition or admit
that thev were blufttng." declared
Representative Garner of Texas, urg
ing concurrence in the senate pro
vision. "We can take advantage of
this situation to stop the one thing
does more to create Holshevism in
this country than any one thing.
iMrge contributions to campuiKns are
rightly looked upon with suspicion.
When you finr a rich man makinif a
urge contribution, you win tintu ne
either has more money than he knows
what to do with, or he wants to buy
something."
LEAGUE 'ATTACKED ONLY
. ON PARTY CANDIDATE
1
f MORNINa JOURNAL SPECIAL LEASED W,E
Chicago, Jan. 31 The congression
al committee investigating the Na
tional Security league expects to
conclude its setting in Chicago to
morrow and to return to Washing
ton. The investigation here so far lias
elicited testimony - that the local
branch of the league made an attack
on only one candidate at the last
election, namely. Congressman Fred
A. Britten, republican of Chicago.
Oije letter was mailed urging that
B'itten be defeated at the primaries
on his war record. It was mailed
only to league members and no fur
ther action was taken by the league.
PHOENIX IS HIT BY
ELECTRICAL STORM
imt HORN, NO JOURNAL SPECIAL LEASED WINEl
Phoenix, Ariz., Jan. 31. The firat
electrical storm ol he season, which
struck Phoenix and the Salt river
valley last night, continuing Inter
mittently throughout today; brought
wih it a rainfall of ,21 inches, as re
corded by thei weather bureau late
tonight. Morel rain is forecast.
. Weather bureau records show that
even with today's rain, the precipita
tion since tne beginning of the year
Is .99 inches short of the average for
that period.
The only damage reported in
Phoenix was th'it caused when (light
ning struck- four telegraph poles and
two high tension pole of the Stand
ard Oil' company, demolishing all six.
.
i . Funeral of IilHlmp Is Held,
Omaha, Neb., Jan. 31. The funeral
of Bishop Williams, who ,dled here
Tuesday, was h,eld this morning trom
Trinity cathedral. ' The body was
taken to Longmont. Colo., (or burial.
DIERS A NURSES
- ' J j 7 "
PRESIDENT'S VIEW
01 MONIES OF
GERMANY LIKELY
TO BE MODIFIED
Crisis Over Delicate Question
rxls Passed Temporarily in
Supreme Council, Says Re-
' port From Paris,
, .
WILSON IS FRANK IN
OPPOSITION TO SPOILS
Tells Conference United States
Will Not Be Party to Distrib
ution of Conquered Territory
Among Entente Allies,-
V MONIN JOURNAL MR.Ak LCASE0 WE!
Paris, Jan. 51, (by The Associated
Press.) The crisis in the peace nego
tiations over the disposition to be
j made of Uernianj's coin lies seems to
nave passed, momentarily at least. It
is too early to say that President
Wilson's view has prevailed in its en
tirety but in American quanrs there
is confidence that a compromise plan
wh;ch tutu been accepted in principle
will be worked out with details
which will be acceptable to the Amer
ican viewpoint.
When the supreme council of tno
peace, conference meets today ii will
have before it the very plain sta'e
ment made by President Wil'inn at
Wednesday's lale session. S parti
eular was Mr. Wilson to have na ex
act record of what he had said that
soon after entering the meeting ne
summoned one of his personal ste
nographers and kept, him it hi ti.'de
'ritlHncr IIia DABtilnn
What he said did not appear in the
official communique, but it may be
stated that it was a very clear reaf
firmation of the principles for which
the president has previously contend
ed, in phrases stripped of diplomatic
hlcetites, it is understood. Mr. Wilson
told the members of the supreme
council he would not be party to a
division of Germany's colonial pos
sessions among the poweis which
now hold them and then become
party to a league of nations which in
effect would guarantee their title.
There are inf"i-snyes that the presi
dent even ref..d tv a peace of
"loot."
The net result of the past two
days of discussion on the colonial
question in tho opinion of many
Americans here has been ' to clear
the atmosphere generally and to force
a clear definition of aims on all sides.
PKKSIDRNT WILSON IS
WIXXKK AT COXITFHKNCE
London, Jan. 81. The Paris cor
respondent of the Dally Mail, in a
dispatch to his paper today says that
Japan on Thursday formally accept
ed the theory of internationalization
of colonies and that It was under
stood . South Africa had abandoned
its opposition to the scheme.
"President Wilson" the correspond
ent adds, "undoubtedly ; won an Im
mense diplomatic victory, but has had
to modify his original proposals to
some extent."
Secretary Wilson and Other
Department Officials Hear
Delegation Representing the
Workers at Mines and Mills,
CBV MORNINS JOUNM..L SPECIAL LSAICO WIRE
Washington. Jan. .31.- Working
conditions in the copper Industrv dur
ing the period of transition from a war
to a peace bns;s were discussed today
oy secretary Wilson and other offi
cials of the department of labor with
thirty-two representatives of workers
In the mines, mills and smelter of
Arizona. Utah and Montana, It was
said the conference developed only a
preliminary presentation of views,
which will be continued tomorrow.
Grave conditions were said to have
arisen in the copper industry since
the abnormal demand for copper sub
sided. This has been reflected in the
decline of the price of the metal and
in the laying off between 25 and 30
per cent of the workers, most of
whom, however, have obtained other
employment. Officials were told that
agitators had used the reduction In
working forces to spread their doc
trines, but upparently. had small suc
cess. -, . ..
All information- in the : govern
ment's hands bearing on the industry,
such as the probable demand -for cop
per, will be furnished the delegates
during the conference. It was said
there was ne question of a dispute as
to wages anil that the conference was
merely to work out some plan, if pos
sible, to stabilize working conditions.
An official statement on the con
ference said the delegates gave the
secretary first hand information of
the conditions prevailing in the sev
eral districts und expressed them
selves as desirous of finding some so
lution of the unemployment problem
that would not have a depressing ef
fect on the industry-. Secretary Wil
son assured them he would co-operate
with them to this end. -v
Later, the labor men held a private
session for the exchange of ideas and
discussion of plans to be submitted
to the secretary tomorrow. , 1 .
COPPER INDUSTRY
MENAGES LABOR TO
ALARM! DECREE
i v v
1 STILL
LOUIS F. SWIFT
Head of Packing Company
Closely Questioned Regard
ing identity of Man Who
Knew White House Secrets,
INSIDE INFORMATION
ACCURATELY DISCLOSED
Purpose of President to Ap
point Food Administrator
v Jold Days in- Advance of
(Any Publicity,
SV MORNINA JOURNAL SPECIAL LEAREO WIRE)
Washington, Jan. 31. While un
successful efforts were being made
before the senate agriculture com
mittee today to develop the Identity
of a person who sent Swift and Com
pany advance infoimatlon regarding
government activities affecting the
meat packing Industry, the' house ; 1
terstate commerce, commission was
informed by the federal trade com
mission that it would furnish the
names of witnesses upon whose testi
mony It hud made charges of collu
sion among the five big packing
firms.
Louis F. Swift, president of Swift
and Company, and Henry Veeder,
counsel for the company were ques
tioned before t lie senate committee
about the writer referred to during
the hearing ns " Diamond T." One
letter from Thomas F. Logan of
Washington, and nnother letter and
several memoranda unsigned, but
purporting to be from "Diamond T",
relating to plans of tho federal trade
commission and the food administra
tion had been read by Francis J.
Heney, who was conducting the cross
examination of the witness for the
committee. Both Mr. Swift and Mr.
Veeder said they could not recall
having previously seen tho "Diamond
T" correspondence. This designation
of the correspondence was given by
reason of the fact that the one letter
hud a "T" Inside , diamond -at., the
top of the puge. This let'.er was
dated Washington, June 18, 1917, and
told of pluns for investigation of food
prices- It was marked "Private" and
bore the stamp, "Ijouis F. Swift,"
with a date two days later. At the
top was the notation "InOormatlon
received by Mr. Veeder this morning
from 'Diamond 'T' ". Initials of six
officials of Swift and Company at
the top indicated that copies hud
been sent 'to them, Mr. Swift said.
Xot Destroyed As Asked.
The letter said:
"At a meeting of the commission
today Mr. Davles was placed in
charge of the meat packing end of
the food investigation; Mr. Colver in
charge of wheat and wheat products
nnd the members allotted other
phases of the inquiry.
"This is under the resolution and
appropriation recently passed by con
gress. "The work is to be done as plan
ned In conjunction with tho Hoover
food administration. Mr. Duvles will
shortly wire for a conference In Chi
cago. He will outline the procedure
and ask for assistance. There will be
enough delay to give plenty of time
for readiness. It might be suggested
that you have In readiness everything
bearing on high prices and their
causes, even though it should not bo
precisely what is desired. With your
knowledge you should be able to give
some good leads and suggestions for
further Inquiry.
"Mr. Mc.VIanus could be helpful at
this end if he could get back Jinmc
dlalely. iOxchange. of telegrams in
advisable. Please destroy this imme
diately." At the buttom of the letter written
in ink and enclosed in a rough square
was the name "Hurley."
"Who wrote the name 'Hurley' on
there?" asked Mr. Honey.
"It looks a little like my handwrit
ing," Mr. Swift responded.
"When you got something of that
sort were you In -tho habit of con
sulting Mr. Hurley?" asked Senator
Kenvon of Iowa-
Might Have WrltU'ii Anything.
"No. I might have written 'Armour'
or 'Smith' on that letter Just as well,"
said the witness.
"Isn't that the kind of Information
you paid Mr. Logan to get for you?"
continued the Iowa senator.
Mr. Swift denied this.
"Do you know of any letter in
which Mr. Logan advised you about
what went on at the White House?"
asked Mr. Heney.
"Mr. Swift said he did not.
A letter from Logan to Veeder was
then read. In it the future activities
of the food administration were de
tailed several days in advance of the
announcement that a food adminis
trator was to be appointed. Infer
ence was made to the alleged antago
nism of Secretary Houston to the ap
pointment of Herbert C. Hoover and
to the "mad scramble for power"
among cabinet members.
When Mr. Swift concluded, Mr.
Veeder was called to testify. He said
he was unable to say who had writ
ten the "Diamond T" letter.
"It may have ,been anonymous."
he said, "or it may have come from
our office in Washington, but I doubt
very much If it was Tom Logan who
wrote that letter."
Mr- Heney contended that the let
ter could not have been anonymous
as reference to "Diamond l was
noted in other correspondence.
"Did the 'T mean Tumulty?" asked
Senator Norris of Nebraska. -,
"I don't know what It rrfhant." re
plied tho witness. "I don't think ft
meant Tumulty."
Mr. Veeder said he had met Secre
tary Tumulty once as well as Joseph
Davles, a member of the trade commission.
IT
MYSTERY AT GLOSE
OF TESTIMONY BY
Presidential Booms Lat
est Thing in Germany;
Men Who Hear Bee Buzz
: w$4 1
ii " . I U . ,1 f.
f Lvf x " m
3smU
ll - I
y. -.-we )
j K ?j
H tw&sjrMiE&m ; !
DR,BERNHARt DERNBURCsf
ptt ) FREDERICK. eAUMANN)
Presidential booms are one of the
newest things in Germany. Three men
whose supporters are trying to make
the bee buzz, loud enough to be heard,
are Dr.. Beinburd Dernhurg, whose
activities as a propagandist in this
country whilo here supposedly as a
Hcd Cross eprescntativo, forced him
to return to Germany; General Grou
per, General Ludcnilorf f's successor,
and Drl Frederick llaumiinn, advocate
of the Miltel-Luropa idea.
Acting Secretary of State Says
Uil Magnate Would Not
Have Been Granted Pass
port Had Facts Been Known
IBV MORNINa JOURNAL SPECIAL LEASED WIREI
Washington, Jan. 31. Acting Sec
retary of Slate Polk said today that
he did not believe the peace confer
ence would take up "the question ot
Mexico and the oil interests" there,
and expressed surprise when informed
that Kdward U .Doheny of Los An
geles, had stated at Halifax that he
wus head of a delegation going to
Paris to pr ss the question of Ameri
can property rights in Mexico.
"Mr. Doheny assured me when he
applied for u passport," said Mr. Polk
"that ha was not going to Paris for
any purpose other than that of the
legitimate business of his oil com
pany. He said his Uritlsh and other
European connections demanded his
presence. Mr. Doheny would not
have secured his passports if he had
told me what he is reported to have
said in this interview.
"I do not believe, and told Mr. Do
heny so, that the question of Mexico
and the oil Interests would be taken
up at the peace conference. It looks
to me as if the state department hud
been made n, victim of bad faith,"
DOIIEXY SAYS IVTI JtKSTS
will in; i:pkf.skxtf.i
Halifax, N. 8., Jan. 31. ICdward L.
Doheny, of Ios Angeles, head of a
delegation representing American oil,
mining, cattle and other interests in
Mexico, arrived here toi1ay to embark
for Purls to set before the peace con
ference the situation in Mexico and
demand protection of American pro,
perty rights.
"P-ritish and American mining nnd
petroleum interests will preseut a
united front at the peace conference,
demanding peace and Justice In Mex
ico," sMid Mr. Doheny.
Xo Americans for Turkey.
Paris. ' Jan. 31. --Whatever fo, :.cs
may be sent to Turkey for garrison
ing purposes, therrt will be no Amer,'
can troops among them, it developed
today. It is pointed out th-it their
use- for this purpose would be luap-l
propruue, as tne i niten prates nas
neve been at war with Turkey.
DOHENY CENSURED.
FOR EXPRESSIONS
ABOUT MEXICO
CITY
EDITION
SVaL or Mail, 70c
Monti!
Single Copies, 5o
TTQP!
ILIIIIIIb.
V
REJECTED BY THE
. S. NOW OUITE
DESIRABLE LAID
Lower California Has Roman
tic History and Annexation
to United States Is Desired
by California and Arizona,
GENERALLY PEACEFUL
DURING INSURRECTION
Although Belonging to Mexico,
It Nowhere Touches Land of
Remainder of Country Ruled
Over by Carranza,
IBV MORNINO JOURNAL SPECIAL LEASEO WIREl
San Francisco, Jan. 31. KomanllC
Lower California again has come into
prominence through the introduction
in congress of a bill looking to the
purchase of that unique peninsula.
"I'aja" California, rejected by the
Tniied States after tho war with
Mexico as "the tail-end of an earth
quake," though recpgnized as rich In
natural resources is least known, ac
cording to the few who have made a
scientific study of the peninsula, of
any area-of simllur size in the west
ern hemisphere. -
Lower California, romantically
styled "The Mother of California,"
has figured In modern history for 400
years. It was In Ki2" that the Span
ish captain-general, Fernando Cortes,
sent one of Balboa's veterans, Alvera
de Saavedra from Tehuantepec, on
the west const of Mexico, with In
structions to try to find a strait. sup-t
posed at that time to form a link in a'
route from Mexico, or New Spuin fis
It was then known, to the newly ills
covered Spice Islands, known to later
generations as the Philippines.
Has Xolabl,. History.
From Cortes' time down to the
present there have passed in review
through the pages of Iower Califor
nia's history Spanish conquerors, Je
suits, Dominicans and Franciscans,
and plunderers from many lands;
I'nlted States troops during the war
with Mexico, filibusters, intent on
soMing up an. liifiepemlenl govern- ;
ment, and lastly the contending fac
tions for supremacy In Mexico's na
tional administration since the over
throw of Porfirlo Ulan us president.
It was Dinz who bestowed on Low
er California, a title of "pobre Ha la
California," descriptive of her condi
tion In recent years and which trans
lated is "Poor Iower California."
Diaz's description fits the country
just as well as to its topographical as
pect, and in some other respects, for
It Is a jagged peninsula, "fio miles
long, varying In width from 30 to
ISO miles, and traversed throughout
its length by an irregular range of
barren mountains of volcanic origin,
breaking off abruptly on the gulf
side nnd rambling off in a series of
low hills to the Pacific coast. It has
been described by Its most recent
explorer as "A land great In Its psst
and lean in its present. A land
where the rattlesnake and the side
winder, the tarantula and the scorpln
multiply, nnd where sickness Is un
known and five-score syeurs no un
common span of life. A land of
NG
strange contradictions."
Separated From Mexico ProH-r.
While a territorial state of Mexico,
it nowhere touches rtther Mexican
soil, being separated from the main
land by the waters of the Colorado
river and the Gulf of California. In
1910 the population of the entire
peninsula was given ns &2.24. There
Is but one railroad In the country,
aside from "wheezy" mine trans
ways, and that one. from Mexicall to
Yuma, but 83 miles in length. The
"cumlitos" or roads, of the mission
days have fallen Into wretched state
and In many places have been prac
tically obliterated.
The peninsula Is rich in mineral
wealth, at least one of its silver mines
In the southern district, having been
operated since 1 7 4 S . Gold, silver,
copper, lion, roal, lead, gypsum and
salt are found, valuable marble for
building Is everywhere abundant.
Mining experts agree that the min
eral resources have hardly been
scratched.
Cactus and mesqulte have given
place in valleys where irrigation has
been possible to the cultivation of
deciduous fruits, figs, dates, cereals,
nnd vegetables. Uainfall is scanty
nnd Insufficient to support vegetation.
Tobacco, cotton, grapes, sugar rane
and native melons are grown. Horses,
cattle and sheep in limited numbers
are found In the most fertile valleys
The near! fisheries of li Paz, on
the gulf side, have been worked sines
the first Spanish landed and have
netted fortunes to those who have
succeeded to the franchises covering
the fisheries. Whale fishing has been
carried on successfully for more than
a hundred years off Magdalena Hay.
on the Pacific side, which has fur.
nished also a ground for target, prac
tice by the warships of the T'nlted
States.
A "Tcrrcstr.nl Paradise-."
The CulifnrniaH. R-ija and Alta
Cal'fornla. the latter the state north .
of the Mexican boundary, were christ
ened from a Spanish romance popu
lar in the time of Cortes, entitled
"Sci-gas de Ksplandian," in which the
Island of California was mentioned as
situated "on the right hand of the
Indies, very near terrestrial Para
dise." The first pertr-anent settlement on
'he pen'nsu'a was founded t Loreto
In ttifl" by Jesuits, who afterwards es
tablished a settlement t La Paa. Af
ter the expulsion rt the Jesuits, who
afterwards established a settlement at
1 a Px. After the expulsion of the
Jesuits the Franciscans were allowed,
to carry on their missionary' work
and later- when Dominican monks
were granted similar pprlvlleges.
Following' are among the more Im- .