Chicago daily tribune. [volume], July 22, 1875, Page 4, Image 4

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‘HE TRIBUNE.
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Addrtea THE TKIUUNE COMPANY,
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Company. “ TO® Two Orphans,"
ACADEMY OP MUSlC—Ualitn) «lrrel, between
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(£hi CPyictt-ija Qvt'ilmnc.
Thursday Morning, July 22, 1870.
Greenbacks wore stronger yesterday, open
ing at 88), rising to 89), and closing at 88$.
Two more victims are added to tho list of
those in Germany who rested under tho de
lusion that freedom of speech nnd of the
press was a safe indulgence. Baron Lob and
one Siol, tho latter tho editor of the 1 rnicr
land, an Ultramontane journal, were yester
day convicted of treasonable utterances aud
sentenced to imprisonment.
Tbo Connecticut House of Representative!!
yesterday decided, by a vote of 102 to 82, to
lot Rome future Legislature have the honor,
ir it in ro inclined, of conferring the privilege
of voting in Presidential elections on the
ladies of the Nutmeg State. The matter has
been pending before tbo body for several
weeks, the Committee’s report being unaui
mously in favor of granting the right.
The people of Decatur, HI., are laboring
under an attack of gold excitement attendant
upon the discovery, upon a farm near that
city, of gold in Rmall quantities. Some nug
gets wore found in a cornfield, just where any
Illinois farmer can find gold if bo uses tho
right sort of mining tools, and the Decatur
folk are greatly elated at tho prospect of hav
ing a new Eldorado right ot their doors.
A final decree was entered yesterday in the
United States Circuit Court in tho Rockford,
Rock Island <k St. Louis Railroad ease. Tho
decree orders a foreclosure and sale under
tho first and second mortgages, covering an
estimated total of $11,251,633.30 in gold.
The property to bo sold includes tracks aud
appurtenances, contracts, leases, rolling
stock, real estate, etc., tbo salo to be abso
lute, and not subject to redemption.
In England, when a bankrupt succeeds in
concealing his financial rottenness and in ne
gotiating bis paper to innocent and un
suspecting people, they call it obtain
ing money by false and proa
•onto the swindlers. Two members of
a London firm which bad recently
suspended woro yesterday arraigned on this
charge, and hold in bail of SIO,OOO each.
The operation of a similar procedure in
Chicago would have on unpleasant effect
upon a certain great financier not now in tho
banking business.
A large number of thogonorous and humane
ladies and gentlemen of Chicago have inter
•stod themselves in the merciful project of
establishing in this city a system of floating
hospitals for the benefit of tho sick children
of poor people, to whom the fresh, pure,
cool air of Lake Michigan in these hot sum
mer months will be medicine nuch ns no
money could buy. Tho philanthropic pro*
joet has assumed a definite shape, and an as
sociation has been organized to solicit funds
and carry out tho plan without delay. It iso
worthy and a beautiful charity, and ono
Which will receive liberal support.
Concerning the proceedings at a purely se
cret Cabinet meeting in Washington yester
day, not a little is contained In our Washing
ton dispatches. Itphas leaked out that tho
President’s unexpected visit to tho Capitol,
and tho session of the CoUnet colled forth
with, had Bomothing to do with tho removal
of I isuer, the Prasecutiug-Attornoy of tho
District, and the newspaper correspondents
were successful in ascertaining Fisher's fate.
That he is to be removed eventually
there is no doubt, and tho only favor ho has
been able to obtain Is on opportunity of
clearing himself of tho charges against him.
There is no disagreement on tho subject bo*
tween tho President and his Cabinet, and no
prospect of o rupture. Delano and tho
Marsh charges were also taken under advise*
ment, with tho result, it is believed, that the
Secretary of tho Interior will not vacate his
portfolio until after those charges have boon
investigated. i
The nomination of Mr. George L. Dunlap
as City Marshal was submitted to the Com
mon Connell last evening, and was referred
to tho Committee on Police, with instruc
tions to report at or before tho next regular
meeting. There Is now good reason to an.
tioipate that tho nomination of Mr, Dunlap
will be confirmed by the Council, though tho
supporters of Hioxet will doubtless moke his
permanent retention as Deputy-Supcriutuml
ent a condition of their assent to Mr. Dun*
lap’s appointment, in spite of tho fact that
snob an officer will not be needed, and that
was not contemplated in tho ordinonco
abolishing tho Board of Police. Tho crea
tion or continuance of an unnecessary sub
ordinate office, however, is of small impor
tance compared with tho advantage of
having a competent and onorgotio at
the head of tho Police Department. Tho
Council had also under consideration a prop
osition, tho adoption of which will meet
with general approval,—that of vesting
in the Fire-Marshal the absolute power
of removal and appointment in his Depart
meat, without consulting anybody. In no
other way can a perfect military discipline,
such as should obtain In tbe Fire Department,
bo secured. Altogether, tho outlook for these
two important bronchos of the municipal ser
vice is not so bad after all. It has improved
since Monday night.
The Chicago produce markets were again
stronger Yesterday. Mess pork advanced 800
per bcl under an urgent demand, and closed
Wo higher, at $80.20 for August, and $20.40
for September. Lard was quiet and Iflo pet
100 ba closing at $10.65 for August,
nncl for September. Monbi wore
active nncl higher, at 810 for shoulders,
11 ;o for shorty ribs, and ll'Jo for short clears,
ifighwinos were active and unchanged nt
$1.17 per gallon. Lake freights were active
mid ic higher, nt ;lc for corn to Buffalo,
rionr was in better demand nncl stronger.
Wheat was active, nnd (5c higher, closing nt
cosh, and $1,22} sailor August. Corn
was active, nnd 1)@1 jo higher, cloning at 7-1 Jo
cash, and 7-lj{o for August. Oats wore quint
nnd irregular, closing at file for July, and -10) c
for August Uyo was quiet nnd stronger, nt
80@8lc for August. Barley wns dull, closing
at ijl.on for September. Hogs were active
and ruled firm at fitS'lOc advance, with solos
chiefly nt sjT.tMffr7.l».". Cattle were in rood*
ornto demnnd and wore easy. Sheep wore in
fair demand nt steady prices.
Tho Bonkers’ Convention, which is com
posed mostly of Cashiers of tho National
Banks throughout tho country, have, among
other resolutions, adopted ono favoring tho
resumption of specie payments, and calling
upon every citizen to hasten the day when
every promise of tho Government to pay
a dollar shall bo redeemed in coin. This
expression is one of considerable importance.
Tho Saratoga Convention may bo fairly con
strand to represent tho preponderance of
sentiment of tho hankers of this country.
Their declaration means, therefore, that they
are willing to redeem tho notes they issue in
gold whenever tho Government is prepared
to do tho same thing, or fund its notes, and
that they ore anxious that this timo should
bo hastened. Of course they will not re
deem in gold so long as greenbacks remain
legal-tenders, and it would be folly for them to
attempt to do so. But this declaration of
theirs shows an honesty of purpose and de
gree of courage and intelligence that are
creditable to tho bankers of tho United States,
and thoy can scarcely fail to exert an impor
tant influence in tho right direction.
INCREASE OF AVAILABLE GOLD.
Wo print this morning a well-writton arti
cle upon the subject of reducing the demand
for gold, and thus hastening the advance of
greenbacks towards par. That part of the
proposition to receive interest coupons in
payment of duties wo indorse, as that
measure was suggested some years ago in
Tun Tribune, but, owing to tbo occupation of
tbo public mind with reconstruction and inoro
exciting topics, the subject was not pressed
upon public attention. The proposition is a
plain one. Wo annually collect $163,000,000
of duty from imports, and this is received in
gold. Tbo Government has imperative
use for coin for two purposes. Ono
of theso is tlto payment of interest on
tho public debt, amounting to $107,000,000
annually, and the other is for tho sinking
fund, 1 por cent on the amount of tho public
debt, averaging $20,000,000 annually. Those
two items now aggregate $127,000,000 of
gold imperatively required annually. There
is, therefore, a surplus jsocoipt of gold equal
to $37,000,000. This surplus, with its an
nual accumulation, is kept in tho Treasury,
aud hold in readiness to pay out in tho pur
chase of bonds, or to soli for greenbacks, and
use for general expenses to whatever extent
tho internal revenue is deficient. But, in ad
dition to this surplus, tho Government keeps
on hand twenty tq fifty millions of coin to
redeem tho coupons of tho bonded debt os
they fall duo from time to tirfe. There is
generally a coin balance in tho Treasury of
idle gold of fifty to eighty or ninety millions.
Tbo only gold paid to tho Government is
for duties on imports, and tho only present
commercial uses for gold is to pay duties aud
to export as bullion in settlement of balances
in European, Cuban, Brazilian, and Chinese
trade, and to pay interest on various kinds of
American securities held abroad, aud tbo
traveling expenses of American tourists in
foreign countries. On this point our corre
spondent intelligently observes that gold Is
ono of our industrial products, and that, be
ing produced in surplus, we export it just os
wo export cotton or any other product. Those
who grieve over tho exportation of gold might
with as much gousisteuey complain of the ex
port of com or provisions. Tho national
misfortune is, that, while tho world would
rather have oar manufactures than our gold,
our tariff laws practically prohibit their ex
portation by rendering it too expensive to
export manufactures.
At the close of business June 30, 1875,
there were in tho Treasury $79,854,000 of
gold ; at that some date tho interest duo *nd
payable was $128,450,000, leaving a surplus of
$51,000,000. After paying the July interest
tho gold in tho Treasury will accumulate,
paying out small sums for interest in August,
September, ami then another $28,460,000 in
January, and small payments in March and
May. The average surplus on Laud, tho year
round, after paying tho interest and tho
sinking fund, will exceed $50,000,000 or
$60,000,000. This amount of gold, thus car
ried from quarter to quarter and year to
year, boars no interest, and earns nothing
for tho Treasury. 'Tho surplus would be
much greater if the Secretary did not go into
tho market and buy up greenbacks at the
current rotes,—tho “premium" on this
transaction exceeding five millions of dollars
a year.
Tho merchants of tho United States in
order to pay duties have to parchose
$109,000,000 of gold annually, of winch
tho Government carries $50,000,000 or more
without interest. It collects $109,000,000,
pays $127,000,000 for interest and to tho
sinking fund, sells $90,000,000 for green
backs, and at the same time keeps a i orpins
of $50,000,000 or $00,000,000 unemployed.
As $107,000,000 of tills gold is intended ex
clusively to pay tho interest coupons when
due, we can discover no impropriety, wrong,
or derangement in receiving those coupons at
their value in place of gold for duties. Thus, 1
after tho Ist of January, 1870, there will bo
held $28,000,000 of interest coupons payable
on the Ist of July, or six months later.
If tho United Slates would receive these
coupons as equivalent for gold in payment of
duties, it would have the effect of placing
$28,500,000 in gold in the market available
in payment of duties to the amount of their
face value. Tho coupons on all tho other
bonds being in like manner available, the
aggregate of coupons at one time on the
market would be equal to one-balf
tbe whole amount of interest on tho public
debt, or $63,500,000. Thu men who are com.
polled to purchase gold to pay customs duties
would then have a choice between purchas
ing gold coin or interest coupons t the avail
able par funds to pay duties would then be
increased by tbe addition of $53,000,000 of
coupons always on the market. Assuming
that these coupons would bo purchased at less
than the ordinary premium on gold paid
into the Treasury for duties, the Govern
ment would pay its coupons as fast os they
were presented for duties, instead of collect
ing gold and keeping it idle until the coupons
matured. Thy Government hat no other use
THE CHICAGO TUIIIUNE: TIIirRSDAY, JULY 22. 1875,
for gold to the extent of the coupons except
to redeem those very coupons. When a
coupon is received for duties it is paid and
ready for cancellation. I'lncing the receipt
of the coupons nt an Average of three months
before their maturity, the United States
would offer a slight but all-sufficient induce
ment to hnvo those coupons put on the
market.
To thus accept these coupons would fur
nish a constant check oft the gold-room. The
amount of gold which speculators would bo
compelled to carry would be thus increased,
and permanently, and such a thing as main
taining a speculative demand for coin for that
purpose would be rendered far more difficult.
There would bo $107,000,01)0 of gold coupons
put on tho market every year} these would
lie in constant competition with the gold held
by tlie speculators, and the result would bo
Hint the premium would not bo subject to
sudden advances, aud would of necessity
gravitate to that ralo warranted by tho re
duced demand. We do not agree, however,
with the proposition to receive greenbacks in
payment of duties. Tho value of greenbacks
is not a fixed ouo. It is subject to fluctua
tions, and thcro would bo no certainty in
tho value of that portion of the
revenue received in that form. There
is a wide difference between them and tho
coupons. Tho latter ore equivalent to gold
mid redeemable nt a fixed date. Their pay
ment is nu annual charge on the Government,
mid to receive thgm in payment of duties
would bo merely to make tho gold surplus
now idle in tho Treasury available to restore
the credit of tho Government and reduce its
indebtedness by tho purchase of bonds.
There may be objections to this plan. Lot
us hear what thoy are, and they will ho duly
considered.
OEN. SHERMAN AND SHILOH AGAIN.
It seems that the criticism upon Gen. Sircn
man for saying that “ Gen. Grant did not
make an official report of the battle of Shiloh ”
originated with the Louisville Courier-Jour
nal, and was made “to show the author’s
general inaccuracy.” The Courier-Journal
returns to the charge after reading Tins Trib
une's semi-official explanation of the matter,
and finds in Iho 41 Itohcllion Record ” a brief
letter written by Gen. Grant to Gen. Hal
lrck’b Assistant-Adjutant-Gencral, and gives
some extracts which we produce os on inter
esting bit of history:
Heaoquabtkbs District Tcmut Tehhicmbi,
JTTMDono, April 9, IHSa.— To Capt. M. H. McLean, A.
A, U., Department 9/ MttrUrippt, XL Loult : Cap
taim: It becomes my duty again to report mother
battle fought between two great armies, one contend
ing for the maintenance of the beet Government ever
devised, and the other for its denlrnctlon. It Is pleas
ant to record the auccosa of the Army contending for
the former principle.
On Sunday morning our pickets were attacked and
driven in by the enemy. Immediately the five divis
ion* stationed at ihla place ware drawn up in line of
battle to moot them.
Tbo battle soon waxed warm on the left and centre,
varying at lime* to all part* of ttia line. There waa the
must continuous firing of musketry and artillery ever
heard on this continent kept up «nui nightfall.
Tho enemy baring forced tbo centre line to fall bact
nearly half way from tbolr camps to the landing, at a
late boor in the afternoon a desperate effort was mado
by the enemy to turn our left and got possession of
tbs landing, transports, ho, , , .
As there U a doop aud tmparaable ravine for artillery
and cavalry, and very difficult for lufanlry at tbie
point, no troops wore stationed bore except the neces
sary artillerists and a small infantry force for tbolr
support. Just at this moment the advance of JlaJ.-
Gen. Ddelu’s column and* part of the division of
Oon. Nelson arrived, the two Generals named being
present. An advance woe immediately made upon the
point of attack, and the enemy waa soon driven back.
In this repulse much Is duo to the presence of the gun
boats . . . and Uiolr able commanders. . , .
During the night the divisions under Cans, Gan-
VERDE* and McCook arrived. . . .
1 Inclose herewith a report of Gen. SnitKAn which
will explain more fully the result of the pursuit, and
of the part taken by each separate command. . , ,
It scorns, then, that Goa. Quint did make
a report, which was perhaps official in its
character, since it was sout to the Adjutaut-
Oonorol of tho officer commanding the de
partment. But wo foil to boo that this in
validates tho explanation which wo mode of
tho matter, or that it illustrates Ocn. Sher
man's “ general inaccuracy-" Gen. Sherman
had before him a volume containing one hun
dred and sixteen reports, which had been
transmitted to tho Bonato by tho Secretary of
War, in response to a call of that body, as all
the official reports of tho “ Battles of Pitts
burg Lauding." This was certainly full war
rant for Gen. Sherman's statement, and it
was not incumbent on him to look further
for a report which tho Secretary of War did
not have long after the battle, and after ho
had received one hundred and sixteen other
reports about the same battles. Hither
tho Secretary of War did not re
gard Gen. Grant's loiter to Capt McLean
as on official report, or olso Gan. Halleok
did not so regard it, and did not transmit it
to the Secretary of War. Tho Courier-Jour
nal inclines to tho latter opinion, but either
prohibits tho citation of this letter os a proof
of Gen. Sherman’s 44 general inaccuracy."
The Pittsburg Chronicle, commenting on the
matter, assigns os a reason why Gen. Grant
never made on official report that he conld
not do so without reflecting upon the judg
ment of Ocn. Prentiss, who was captured,
with tho most of his brigade, on the morning
of tho first day's battle, but this is manifestly
incorrect, since Gen. Grant, in his letter to
Capt McLean quoted above, makes a com
plimentary allusion to Gen. Prentiss. The
gist of tho whole matter is that Gen. Grant
wrote a letter to Gen. llallzos’b Adjutant,
which either Gen. Halleok or the Secretary
of War did not regard as an official report,
and which was not included among tho other
official reports Kent to the Senate. This fully
justiUoe Goa. Sherman’s statement
The statement is mode that a man named
Oilliouin, who was one of the charter elec
tion judges m the Twentieth Word, and who
la now under indictment for eluding ballot
boxes in behalf of the charter, haa been ap
pointed, it.is stated, to the position of street
foreman by the Board of Pnblio Works, at
the dictation of the Mayor. This is said and
believed not to be the drat nor tbo only in
stance of rewarding political kuavory. Mr.
Hduux Used, ex-haokmou, who served as
judge at the extraordinary election in the
Second Ward, has likewise been rewarded by
a place in the city service. Minx SumuniN
professes to know of other similar cases, and
it is said bo will mako a sworn statement,
giving names and facts. It appears that
Mr. Colvin, believing himself to bo possessed
of full power to romovo all the Com
missioners of oil the Boards, forces his ap
pointments upon them. This would be in
decorous, even if they wero made with good
motives, and we fail to see how the members
of the Board of Public Works can retain their
self-respect and submit to this dictation.
They might better give np their places thap
stand sponsors for such appointments as have
been reported lately. As to the Major's
shore in the matter, he seems to bo utterly
Indifferent as to what the opinion of good
eitUene and tax-payers may be. It la either
(hot, or he ll under some unknown influence
flint control.* his action against bis bettor
judgment.
Hut If a Twentieth Ward ballot-box-Kluffcr
is to bo rewarded with an official place, Imw
much more do the judges ami ballot-bex
stuffers of tho First Want and some other
wants deserve olllcc ? Take tho First Ward
for an instance. Tho legal vote of tho First
Ward lost fall, in an exciting Congressional
and general election, was only l,n:il;
while the vote cast in tho Third Ward
wan -,141, or more than twice an many. Yet
at tho charter election, while the Third Ward
cast only ÜB7 votes* under tho samo excite
ment that existed In tho First Wanl, that
wanlls returned as having cast 1,702 (1,803
for and U7 against tho charter), or nearly
twice as many as the legal vole of the ward,
flvo times as manyas were voted in tho Third
Ward, which has twice tho number of legal
voters, and at least ten times ns many as tho
number of legal votes actually cast in tho
ward. In other words, tho stuffed ballots in
tho First Ward probobly amounted to 1,500.
Now why isn’t somebody rewarded for this
work by an official position? Is it because
tho persons who did tho ballot-box-stuffing
in the First Ward have more valuable benefits
from tbo present system of municipal man
agement, and do not need any paltry offices?
If not this, it is evidently an injustice to the
First Ward ballot-box-Ktuffers to ignore them,
when tbo minor offices are being divided up
among tbo ballot-box-Bluffers in the other
wards,
INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT.
Mr. Ciunixs Keade, the novelist, has ad
dressed an open letter to tho Now York
Tribune upon tbo question of copyright, in
which he takes tho broad ground that copy
right is not a monopoly, and sensationally
offers to bet XluO to XSO that it is not, and
names certain referees to docido it. Tbo
letter is written in his customary inflated and
stilted stylo, and abounds with a little moro
than his customary vanity, solf-concclt, and
personal abuse. All who oppose his proposi
tion are set down ns 41 muddle-bonds, knaves,
fools, and pettifoggers. H That Mr. Blade
himself bos not suffered by a want of copy
right is shown by tho fact that ho admits
44 our homo market is not seriously injured by
American piracy, but hie (tho American’s)
home market is," and ho odds:
Tbo remuneration of tbo oiiablltbed American
author la artificially lowered by the crushing compe
tition of fltnlen goods, ami, as for the yanng American
author, however liromlalug bio genlua, be la generally
nipped In tbo bud. 1 can giro tho very prorcea. Ho
brlnga the publisher bla u&uuacrlpt. which repreaenU
months of labor, and of debt; beoauao U1 the tlmo
a man la writing without wages the butebor'e bill and
beker'a are growing foot and high. Hla manuscript la
the work of an alio novice; there are soma genuine
observations of American life and manners, and oonio
aparka of true mental fire; but tliero are defects of
workmanablp; tbo man needo advtco and practice.
Well, under jual laws, hla countryman, tbo pubUxbor,
would nurse him; but oa tblnga are be dsclines to
buy, at over so cheap a rate, tbo work of promise, be
cause bo can obtain gratia works written with a certain
mechanical dexterity by humdrum but practiced En
glish writers.
At Jtbo risk of being sot down in Mr.
Beade's category of “ muddle-hoods, knaves,
fools, and pettifoggers,'' wo very seriously
question whether American genius is being
driven oat of tho book-market at all by
"American piracy," os Mr. Beads colls it.
Stale stuff and trash may suffer in tho com
petition with Euglish stale stuff and trash,
but respectable and competent authors al
ways find a market for their work at a fair
price. The publishers will bear witness that
tho market is now overstocked with authors.
English books are in tho main cheap, and,
under tho spur of tho competition of cheap
ness, American books are mode cheaper.
Being made cheaper, their solo Is enhanced.
Cheap English books means cheap American
books, and viu txrsa. Protect English books
with a copyright monopoly in the United
States, and immediately the price will bo
put up. Tho dollar book will become a two
dollor book. The two-dollar book a three or
four dollar book, and so on. The American
books will follow suit. The absence of on
international copyright means a full market
of choap-sclliug books, and a wide diffusion
of knowledge and information. Tho copy
right can have no other effect than to increase
tho price, and eventually make literature a
costly luxury. As only high-priced books
can hold their own against the monopoly of a
copyright, all cheap labor must bo crushed
out, and a favored few will enjoy tho extor
tionate emoluments of their profession.
High-priced and high-toned authors may
have rights, but tho public also has rights,
and, if it has one right more positive than
another, it is that of obtaining knowledge as
cheaply as possible.
A HUMAN BEE-HIVE.
Tbo United Kingdom of England and Wales,
Scotlandand Ireland, with the Channel Islands
thrown in, are only twice as largo in area as
the Btato of Illinois, but they are all the
“world’sworkshop," and ore supplying the
unoccupied parts of tbo habitable world not
only with manufactures and capital, but with
men. One of their largest exports is human
flesh and blood, done up in individual pack
ages, and slapped across oceans and seas. The
tide of emigration has been flowing over since
the first English settlement was made on the
American coast, more than 260 years ago. It
has had its ebbs and floods, but has never
been wholly cut off. Even during the llevo-
Intion, some of the British soldiers who come
to prevent our independence remained to en
joy it
Emigration from the United Kingdom at
tracted comparatively little attention before
1816. It deserved little, for by that year it
had attained scanty proportions. The num
ber of persons emigrating was only 2,081.
The next year it rose to 12,610, and there
was a steady advance until 1810, when
the number was 84,987. The average
for the next ten years was not not as great as
this, hut American flush times when wo wore
rushing upon the crisis of 1880.7 attracted
crowds of British and Irish subjects. In the
five yean from 1880 to 1884, inclusive, the
oggregato number of emigrants from the
United Kingdom to America was 881,060.
This was thought enormous, but it is only a
little more than the annual average now. Up
to this time (1834), more persona bod emi
grated to the British Colonies In North Amer
ica than to the United States. Very
many of them had made Canada
only a half-way bouse on their journey to the
“States,” but numbers bod changed their
homo and not their flag. The tide turned in
1834. As lale as 1680, however, the emigra
tion of the lost twenty-five years had sent
409,800 to the Colonies and only 417,-
706 to the “States.” But from 1840 the
figures were respectively to the Canadas 003,-
760, and to the “States" 4,720,670.
The official record of emigration from 1840
to 1873 registers every great economic event
of that time,—the Irish famine, the discov
ery of gold in California and Australia, the
American financial panic of 1857, the Civil War,
etc. The '67 crisis out do w British emigration
to this country from 128,805 in 1857 to
/Vf> t 7in in 1858. Tbo outbreak of tlio
Civil War reduced it from 87,500 in
18(H) to 4!),7d4 in 18(51. THo Irish famine
forced it up from H'J,25!) In 1840 to 142,151 in
1817, anil 188,255 in 18t8, an d 215,450 in
181!), and 250,885 in 1850. Corresponding
figures for the North American Colonics were
4:1,450 in 1810, and 100,080 in 1817, when it
suddenly dropped to 51,005 in 18(8. When
gold was discovered in Australia, tho number
of emigrants thither quadrupled in a year.
From 21,552 in 1851 it became 87,881 in 1852,
and 01,401 tho noxtycar,and 85,2117 the next,
or 1854. It continued to decline in Australia
down to 12,227 in 1870.
In 1875 tbo total number of emigrants from
tbo United Kingdom was 510,012, or about 1
per cent of the wbolo'population of the King
dom. Of those persons, 255,075 camo to tbo
United Stales. This rale of decrease exceeds
tho annual average increase of tbo llritisb
population between 1801 and 1871. For those
ton years it was only 8.8 per cent, lint tho
great proporlionnlo lo r ;s was from Ireland.
Nevertheless, population is now increasing
more rapidly than emigration and death to
gethor can thin it. According to tbo report
of the Registrar-General, tho not daily in
crease In tho population of tbo United King
dom is 705. In 18G5, tbo total population
was 20,801,008. In 1874 it was 52,412,000.
Tho wonderful fact shown by these figures
is, that this little cluster of islands on tbo
western shore of Europe should produce
such enormous numbers of human beings.
England and Wales, in which the land Is
owned by comparatively few persons, are
moro densely populated than ouy other
country in Europe except jßclgium, which is
a land of manufactures and form patches.
Yot tho density increases every year, despite
the hundreds of thousand who leave tho
teeming shores of Old England and ancient
Erin for tho Now World. It would bo an in
teresting study to trace tho effect of llritisb
emigration upon British trade, and discover
how much of tho vast commerce of tho
United Kingdom consists of buying from and
selling to ex-Britons. Wo shall return to this
thome hereafter.
THE HIGHER EDUCATION OF WOMEN.
Vassar College, when it was founded, was
the best institution of the sort in the United
States. It is hereafter to have competitors
which may eclipse it. Not that it has retro
graded. It seems to have advanced. It has,
moreover, the groat advantage of several
years' experience. But Matthew Vassals
donation of the money set nu example which
has since boon followed, and, like most ex
amples, improved upon. Next fall will see
the opening of two largo colleges designed
for feminine education, and apparently most
wisely planned. Each has peculiar features.
The experience of the next ten years, in them
and in Vnssar, will go far towards settling
various vexed questions about the education
of women.
Sago College will bo an experiment in
modified co-education. When Cornell Uni
versity was organized, iho seal chosen for it
bore Ezra Cornell's saying that ho wished
to found an institution in which any one
could bo taught anything. Bnt tho saying
was forthwith falsified by tho refusal of tho
authorities to admit women as students.
Some time ago, tho Hon. 11. W. Sage offered
tho University $1500,000 on condition that
the monoy should bo used in promoting tho
liighor education of women. Tho offer was
too great to be rejected. The Trustees swal
lowed their scruples against co-education and
pocketed tho cosh. Hence Sago College.
Its ample roof is to shelter 120youngwomon,
who will follow tho some course of studies
as iho Cornell boys do. They arc to
attend certain lectures and recitations
with tho mole members of tho Univer
sity, but will have separate instruc
tion in other brunches. The University
will grant them tho somo degrees bestowed
upon male graduates. Sago College will
practically bo one of a group of colleges
which together fonn Cornell University. It
Is said to have boon suggested by tho success
of Girton College, at Cambridge, in which
Euglish women are getting a university edu
cation, and which hopes oro long to be fully
recognized as part of tho University.
Tho other now college bears tho beautiful
and uncommon name of Smith. It is the
child of Miss Sophia Smith, of Hatfield,
Mass., whoso brother loft her $200,000 fif
teen years ago. She decided to use it to en
dow some charitable institution, but hes
itated between two extremes, —an asylum
for the deaf and dumb and a college for
women. She finally decided in favor of
tbo latter. After ton years' study of tho
question of female education, she made up
her mind, made her will, and died. The
buildings of Smith College have been erected
at Northampton, Mass., and tho first class
will be admitted next fall. Tito President is
Prof, (now Congressman) Seelyb. Tho Col
lege contains no dormitories. Tho students
are to board in tho village, live in tho fam
ilies of tho Professors, or practice co-oporalivo
housekeeping in cottages built on the College
grounds. The course of study is to bo oa
comprehensive as that of Yale or Harvard,
and Ute examination for admission is proposed
to be as thorough as it is in those Univer
sities.
It will be seen (hat Vassor, Sago, and
Smith Colleges differ radically in their funda
mental principles. Educators everywhere
will watch the three with interest.
AN INTERNATIONAL WRONG.
The llov. Leonajuj W. Bacon has contribut
ed a paper to the July number of Lippinccil't
Magazine entitled “ Searching for a Grave in
a Strange Land ” which contains some Inter
esting facts touching the laws of Switzer
land regulating cemeteries, showing that it Is
impossible to obtain a grave there in porpo
talty. The law of burial provides that the
commune shall furnish a grave without
charge for a term of fifteen years, which is
considered a reasonable time for a body to re
turn to dust. For 300 francs one may secure
possession of the grave for thirty years,
with the privilege of renewing the lease
at the end of that time for thirty
years more. By paying 1,600 francs down,
the lessee can secure undisturbed possession
for ninety-nine years. At the end of that
time, however, the monuments are removed,
and the bodies likewise, if anything is left of
them. There ore no receiving-vaults, al
though some of the older' families have pri
vate vaults in the graveyards j but that is all,
and the State does not encourage private or
family burial-places.
• There is another peculiarity of the laws re
lating to oemeteriee, made by recent enact
ment, which is peculiarly distressing to for
eigners. A bill was recently introduced pro
viding as follows:
1. The control of burUl-placea beloafi to the civil
oothoritj.
3, It la ttu duty of thU oulbonty to mo tbtl Ut«
body of tmy iliwaufl porwa !>• d*o*at]r InUrred la
Um eemeUiy qI tU ooiwntuw nbm tb* dtoa— bu
Mmb sUet, foUowlM lb* rtfola o*d« of tba gmu.
I. K» «u*(Uoa iteU M boaiU (g thil nil*, ttokoi by
antlmriutlon of the pollen In favor of famine* po*.
•ruing separate burtal-pUr**, cr In rato the relative*
of a jH raoo dyiny at a dl*ttnn> from hlv place of lilrlh
or rnaliWnra ask to he nuthorlted to transport the body
to either of these places.
This hill wan passed, with the exception of
tho third paragraph, which was stricken out,
and thus prevents foreigners whoso friends
or relatives die in Switzerland from
transporting their bodies to their native
places. Under this law, every American
family suffering a bereavement in Switzer
land would bo immediately prevented by tho
police from Bonding tho remains of the lovod
one homo, and would be compelled to bury
the body in the regular order of tbo graves in
a Swiss cemetery, to bo disinterred In the
regular order by tbo sexton when its turn
came round. As a remedy for this, Dr. Ba
con suggests that (be Government should
tako measures to secure some little plots of
ground at a few of tbo principal centres
of American (ravel to be used as ceme
teries, whore the dead might rest without
danger of disturbance. They would bo taken
care of and adorned by the American mi
dSuta, and iu time would become delightful
places of resort like tbo English cemeteries
at Home and Florence.* In tho rmh and
hurry of this material age, Dr. Bacon’s
proposition may nob receive attention, but it
nevertheless deserves it- Such regulations as
those which exist in Switzerland will always
be a drawback upon tho pleasure of travelers,
as well as a positive injustice, if not outrage.
Those little plots could be purchased very
cheaply and would always bo kept in order
by American residents. It would require
very little outlay, and would make reparation
for a groat international wrong.
Public Indignation at tbe craft; Imposition
practiced some months ago lu Philadelphia, and
remembered ns “ Tbo Katjb Kino Fraud,” bos
scarcely subsided when the insanity of tbo prln
oipal yictim, Mr. lIonEUT Bale Owen, la an*
nouncod to royiyo It with increased bitterness.
Almost alnmUanoously with this sad event comes
a story from Brooklyn of a baro*faccd repetition
of tbo Katie Kino fraud In tbat city by tbo very
naino impostor whom Mr. Oweiv ruthlessly ex
posed. immediately after tbe newspapers pub
lished Mrs. Holmes as a common client, sbo
called upon tbo Spiritualists of tbo United Htateo
to protect her from want, bums of mono; bavo
been sent her from different parts of tbo conn
try. Tbe Spiritualists of Brooklyn invited
her to visit that city and exhibit her
pownrs. After many attentive examinations 6f
Katie King and John King, who materialized
much in tbo same way os before, tbo Spiritualistic
Society detected tbo rubbor-mashs and other
apparatus used by tbe medium, and again ex
posed her. In a report published officially by
tbo Society in tbe Manner of LUjht, they srty:
“We unhesitatingly declare tbat, as Mrs.
Holmes has failed In every instance to give us
satisfactory proof of her genuineness, uo bailors
tbat her manifestations in Brooklyu were gross
frauds, practiced upon as earnest, sincere, and
bumble an assembly of investigators as over mot,
who feel tbat their holiest and moot sacred feel
ings have been outraged by tbo Imposition prac
ticed upon them, and which tbo refusal of Mrs.
Holmes to vindicate herself clearly proves.”
This second expose Is not important Tbe
credulity which provided Mrs. Holmes with
supporters and adherents after tbo first, will b«
proof against a thousand subsequent decoctions.
PEE3OSAL.
Count Yon Arolm is at Carlsbad. Els health’s
bid, too.
Tom Hugbos is suffering from inflammatory
rheumatism.
Moody and Bankoy leave Liverpool for Now
York on Aug. 4.
Cbaucor’s famous Tabard Inn, in the Borough,
London, is being pulled down.
Edward Baxter, a promiuoot lawyer of
villo, Toon., is visiting in the city for a fowdays.
Irving notv threatens to ptav Macbclh, just to
got hU hand In for Cardinal Hole In “Queen
Mary."
“Carl Pretzel” promises for bis Weekly, on
Saturday, pictures of Donaldson andQrlmwuod
from photographs.
Shearman’s departure for Europe has alarmed
the Hollanders. They expect the total destruc
tion of their dykes.
"She smoked 100 pipefuls of opium in one
day,” is the simple legend on tho gravo-stono of
a woman In Carson, Nov.
The Indianapolis Herald mildly, but firmly,
protests against tho extravagance of putting
“ $2 worth of collar on 25 cents worth of dog.”
Little Bammie Bcndol, of Varmilionville, La.,
aged 10 years, has immortalized himself by cap
tuviug a burglar in tho acf of robbing a money
drawer.
Tennyson’s “ Queen Mary ” has not met with
a surprising sale. It is to bo feared that his
association with the Batemans hos not helped
him materially.
“ Ills life was a complete riddle." says a Texas
paper of a gentleman who recently put a charge
of twentymo buckshot into hlmiolf. Wo
should say Cis death was a pretty complete one,
too.
Tho Bev. J. 8. Norris, pastor of the Methodist
Church at Dundee, 111., was in the city yester
day with his newly-woddod bride. Tho happy
coople have started for an extended tour in the
East.
Mr. George 0. Bates, of Salt Lako City, for
merly of Chicago, was threatened with treatment
for contempt by Judge Boreman. He explained
matters satisfactorily, and escaped with a fine
of SSO.
What—oh! what—haa that bright and capable
little soubrotte, Sydney Cowell, done to be called
by the Now York Herald “another Lolta"?
Does not the groat O’Keiiy know an artist from
an autlo ?
Inflation is what supports the rotten "Ohio
canvass” of which we hear eo much nowadays.
Reckless political aeronauts had better take to
heart the fate of Donaldson, victim of poor ragi
and bad gas.
A Springfield (Mass.) father has told the
champion avoirdupois fable. Uis baby weighed
*2O pounds 9 ounce* when H was born. Such
babies generally grow the other way, and lose 12
pounds or so In a fortnight.
The Ulases Conway have been frozen out of
tbolr management of tbo Brooklyn Theatre.
They sign a roioase of the building, and receive
a receipt .in full from the Building Company.
They sail for Europe shortly.
Miss Emily Failhfull, lu a recent lecture,
"paid a high compliment to American ladies"}
which is another periphrastic Intimation that she
did not bolieve all sheheard about the ladies who
crowded the Brooklyn court-room some time ago.
Aid. George White stana for Providence Jl. 1.,
whore his family reside, this morning, lie will
he absent about three weeks. The Alderman,
who la a native of "little Ithody," has not been
book to his ".native heath " for about ten years.
At the Fantasies Psrisieones, a theatre in
Brussels, smoking has always been permitted
dnrfog the performances. Mow a notice is post
ed in front of every seati "Mo smoking la
allowed during the engagement of Mile. Bo as
sail.-
The last of tbs Eahn quartet, of Baltimore, Is
dead. They were bom Feb. 16. Three of them
lived but one month, and perished from catarrh.
Katie, the last, Improved In condition very feat,
but died of whooplng*ooagb at the age of 6
months.
John Worth, a Philadelphia actor, while bath
ing, tbe other day, sank, and was taken out of
tbs wster apparently dead. Bla friends worked
for aa hour to reeusdtaU him, but, felling,
abandoned tin* Aa Englishman named Dz,
Mlcholson, happening along, applied the Stltob.
tor proceaa of artificial respiration, and reelorod
Worth to hfo.
Goorgo Dovelin, of Cambridge, will never tefl
tho truth again. Ho applied for a license to run
a saloon, was asked If ho over got drank, replied
In tbo affirmative, and wan refused. Tho name
of Washington is poison to him. for ho Raw hie
mendacious follow-applicauts all obtain llcenece.
Florence Marryalt (Mrs. noss-Churcb) In
to be not far from 40 years old, and the mother
of amarrlod daughter, botahe is generally spoken
of as a young lady. Sbo is a blonde of the pure
English typo, and does not look more than SO
years old. Him is Raid to bate giVou up her idea
of coming to this country to read.
The present Duke of Argyll Is not only m
honorable and intelleetnal man, but bo has
trained up hie family to Imitate bin virtues. Ooe
of bis sons, Lord Walter Campbell, Is a member
of tbo •lock-broking firm of liolbert, WaggA
Campbell; anoilier is in acorn-dealing Am.
while the (bird ie studying for tbo bar. The
Argyll family appear to be mou os well as nolle,
moq.
Ah Mrs. Wilson, formerly Angnnta J. Evans, h
about to publish a new novel, wo give a sped
men of her stylo: In one of her books, where a
heroine bonds over her dying adored one, and
auks, " Can 1 do anything for you, my beloved,
in this agonizing lioiir?” bo responds: “Yea,
my angel. Go to yonder abolf (pointing with
pallid finger to tbo libraty-sbolves in the corner),
and, selecting the proper volume, bring it hither,
end read to me in the original Greek Procolua’
loiter to AgatboclOß."— St, Louis lUpuhtiean.
An applicant at the riilladolpbia Ledger office
for an original poom on the death of bis Chris,
tian, carpet-weaving uncle, after many aamploa,
accepted the following:
O. Death comes whoa we liut expect
Tli* ehoien pimple to select;
Thu* Uppeiihflm, the os r pot-weaver.
Wan carried off by bilious fever,
On high ha’ll too bin wife and five
Children, who are not alive.
Those bo'll clasp. without thought of learlnf
Anil coming bus tocarpet-weavuig.
(Inns to moot Mrs, Opponbelm.
Original, 5J.73. O. W, 0„ A.lf,
A funny story is told of tbe late Mr. Conway
and Bolvil Ilyin. Ryan was engaged to play the
part of an ape In an afterpiece, Ur. Conway pre
viously appearing as Cato. Meeting tbo trage
dian one day after the performance, Ryan asked
him: “Which way do you go, Mr. Conway?"
“ I, sir,” said the tragedian, “am about to walk
up Broadway.” “ Ah, llion 1 will accompany
you," said tbo other. “Accompany me, sir?”
replied Conway, with a glare tbat astonished tbs
other. “ No, sir, nevah! Cato arm In arm with
a ring-tailed monkey, air? No, air I” And be
stalked awav.
Tbo late Grand Jury of Alameda County, Cal,,
in tbe performance of their duty paid a visit to
tbo County Hospital. They reported as fol
lows : “ Wo found a human skeleton in n box on
the roof of a shed exposed to the weathor, and
tie Inmates made sorioui complaints of tbe
manner in which skeletons are exposed and sub
jects treated. It has a doprestUng effect upon
invalids. If it is necessary for anatomical sci
ence to totain such skeletons, we would recom
mend that a uuitublo plaeo ho provided for tbs
preservation and keeping of tho same out ol
sight of tho patient*. Wo were infdrmod by tho
Steward that about throe months ago a skeleton
was sent to Hau Francisco. Its preparation vu
witnessed by uomo of tbe patients. . Wo believe
that all such proceedings are in violation of tbe
spirit ana letter of the law, and offensive to pub
lic taste and decency, and that all bartering In
such remains should bo prohibited.”
HOTEL AIIBIVALS,
Palmer tlouu— James Sboeuborger, Cincinnati ; J,
It. i>lclle, Missouri j 0. B. Myera, Uadue ; W. T. C«r
nil, Philadelphia ; J. L. Weed. Now Yos-i ; S. Bowler,
Philadelphia; D. If. HartwcU. Davenport; A, D. Ad
ams, Cleveland : Jacob Buck, Pittsburg I Robert
Douglass, Indianapolis ; J. 11. Knight. South Bend:
y. w. Jonklue, Masaaduisittla ; Jobu Q. Bourke, U, 8,
A. ; Max Mejfr, Omaha; James U, Bvarta,
Ireland; J. B. Grayson, Alabama; J. H.
Caldwell, St, Louis; 0. E. Mason, Detroit;
J. 1), Alexander, Bochcster; Louis MoudeL
Hong Kong; A. 11. Uurhom, Cluvolsnd; William A.
Wobb, Nashville; F. B. Brewer, New York; 8. E.
Auetln, Louisville; L. Scranton, Mobile; George B.
Kent. Hjrstuw; W. 11. Barrie, Buffalo; O. W. Bin
mon, Boston....LVaiil j\wijle— J. Caao, Cleveland;
J, il. Odium; Toledo; W. A. Urdd&n, Now Albany; j,
H. Ktasstn, New York; J. J. Turner, Baltimore; 0,
Oulleiu Lmiiavlllo; John O. Griswold, Buffalo; J, H.
Crowell. Texas; L. M. Walcrs, Galveston; A. H.
Jones, Jersey City; Denis Long. Louisville; J. Burnet,
CiuclunaU: G. Cohen. Albany; M. Fisher, Davenport;
11. Helluc, Parle; A. J. Wars, Pekin; John Jameson,
Detroit; A. C. Thompson. St. Louis.... Tramont Uo uu
—W. N. Haines, Baltimore ;0. 0, Woodworth, Brook
lyn ;J. 11. Holliday, St. Louts; J. W. Bodofer, Council
Bluffs ; Henry Freund, Now York : A. Walker, Oindo
mtl; If. C. Swift, Cluvehui'l; Dudley Hall, Boston *A.
Ilnllman, New York; Dr. J, U. Siewart, Winona....
tfArmnn lloune— Liout.-Uov. A. A. Glenn, Mount
Sterling; If. W. Richards, New York; U, It. McCoy,
Fulton; 11. U. Oaloa, New York; B. F. Harris,
Rochester; O, N. Boirce. Dayton ; Charles 8. Brooks,
New York; J. M. Smith, Mineral Point; J, B. Gilmore.
Bock Island; Goorgo Mucker, New York.
OUEEENT OPINION,
The fact of the matter seems to be that Alien
has gone over to Cary on the rag-baby issue, and
Cary to Allen on the question of whisky. The
two are‘now in a beautiful state of harmony.
—‘Cincinnati Uaidie.
The New York papers are making no end of
fun ovor the sudden acooauon >of Mr. Lieut.-
Oov. Dorshoiracr to tho Governorship. Nr.
Tilden has gone to Long Branch, and it is a fad
that the Now York constitution makes absence
from tho State, oxceut at tho bend of a military
forco in time of war, a vacation of the office.
The Boston HUoi Is unbind enough to recok
loot that Ham Cary, of Ohio, while m Ireland,
some six years ago, told a gratified audience tbil
he had said a thousand times in his own coon*
try, if ho wore not an American, ho would prefer
to bo an Irishman; and, directly after, in a lec
ture at Manchester, mentioned to tho Johnny
Bulls that he was proud of his direct descent
from an Englishman and a Pilgrim Father.
“ Who is he, any way 2”’ asks the puzzled ViloU
No question of tho day emits so great is
amount and variety of theoretic drivel ss the
finances. Every political quaok-doolor In tbi
land has his remedy, there being, in reality, but
one thing to do, wbloh is to wait and save Until
the Government is able to pay gold for ill
greenbacks, dollar in and dollar out. Tho way
to resume is to resume—when wo si's able. Io
the meantime the cry for “more money," whilst
It mav delude the ignorant with a glittering no
tion of plenty, is, whore it has any distinct
moaning and purpose, a sugar-coated plea for
repudiation, prefacing the overthrow of tbs
national credit, tho desecration of the national
faith and honor, tho obliteration of all national
sentiment founded in an honest, solf-resDoctiog
manhood, and the ultimate destruction of liberty
itself. This is why wo oppose inflation.—Aouw*
ville Courier* Journal,
Boft-hoadod soft-money people, when they
come to discover (heir true position, are Ukoly
to find themselves uncomfortably hedged about
upon tbs East and the West, the North and the
Booth, by a somewhat hard-headed, uncompro
mising set of hard-monoy people. There are
Texas and California, for instance, where, to
most Intents sod purposes, the Legal-Teuder act
is a dead totter, whore a dollar is a dollar, and so
unfulfilled promise of a dollar Is mere depred
ated paper. These States have never loft ike
specie basis, sod don't intend to do so, no met*
ter who gets drunk over the fumes of tbs iulU*
tion puuob-bowl. It Is remarkable that these
States have suffered leas from the panic, ecu,
with one or two possible exceptions, are tinea*
dally in better plight than any other States in
the Union. In population, wealth, and Indus*
try, Texas is probably growing at s
more rapid pace than any other
Btate, partly became its people are
among the most energetic and progressive in
America, mainly because (be foundations of it*
business end industry are laid upon tbe onfall*
ins basis of gold sod silver money, California,
being older in development than Texas, is proba*
bly making lees rapid progress; hut its thrift end
accumulations, uninterrupted by losses fro®
panics sod shifting vetoes, fairly entitle it to be
pronounced the most solidly prosperous Stale.
The deposits in its savings banks alone ore ataU«
at nearly $70,000,000, belonging to about W.WJJ
depositors, end making an average of more than
#BOO for each depositor, lu laying up these
savings, the thrifty people of California nave, ia
tbe average, probably done no bettor than the
thrifty people on the Eastern seaboard.
moral of the story is, that the savers lu hare*
money California have kept their savings, wows
tbe savers la tbe psper-mooey, panic-swept *aei
have been compelled to eat up their saving* *°
ds/auit 01 wages.- J(*it fork Worth