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12 PROTECTION. First Day's Proceedings of tho National Tariff Con vention. Address of Gov. Bullock, of Georgia, the Temporary Chairman. Vt. McKlmlloy, of Ohio. Appoint ed Permanent President of the Body. A Prolonged Plea for the Protection of the American Mercantile Navy. Protection Demanded Tor Every* • thing Grown and IVltulo in This Country. J. B. Crinnell Wants to Know Something About the Steel- Rail Pool. The National Tariff Convention mot In Fair bank Hall shortly after II o'clock yesterday morning, there being about one hundred dele gates present at (be opening of the session. The convention was called to order by Mr. Avery M. W. Kingsley, President of the Indus trial League or America, Tito llov. Dr. Noble, of, Union Park Congregational Church, led In prayer. The cull far tbe convention, which has already been published In The TiiiiiliNK, was rend by J. F, Scanlon, of Chicago, Secretary of tbo Execu tive Committee. Mr. Kingsley, 01* behalf of tho Industrial League, welcomed the delegates to Chicago. Ho bald tbo call fully set forth the objects of the gathering, and without further preface the league turned over tbe convention to tbo dele gates. Me was Instructed to nominate ox-Gov. Ktilus 11. llullnek, of Georgia,' us temporary Chairman, Tho motion prevailed, und tho Chair appointed Messrs. Osborn of New York, Mason of Chicago, and Adams of Cleveland to conduct Mr. Bollock to the platform. ex-gov. mtr.LooK, on taking tbo choir, was received with applause, and said: Gksti.kmen op the Convcntion: 1 thank you for ibis murk of your favor and courtesy. 1 ac cept it us your recognition of tho new Smith, am) i also accept It with full appreciation of tbo frrent Interests committed to your deliberations mu! wltn full eonlldenco Hint groat good to our common country will How tram your action. The assembling of this convention la this great Western muimpolU—this central city of tbo Western world—murks an era in tbo progressive movement which now sweeps its resistless way over our country. Those of us who have so widely dillered in tbo past, and have so', fervently argued our theories on questions of public policy, are now mare earnestly striving to exeel each mbor in tbo strife for supremacy In practical results. Visionary theories are disappearing before tbo substantial advance or accomplished fiiets. Here tbo Knat, the West, the .South meet together with a common purpose and a common Interest to foster and encourage such legislation us will by its protective features build up tbo mechanical Industries whereby wo can fabricate within the, borders of our own country tho natural products of our soil, our mines, and of our forests, and thereby secure ml enhanced prosperity by making sections and communities more homogeneous and less do pondentupon artltlolnl menus of uaosporiatlon. it Is a trite saying, but none the less true, that tho larmcr needs the mechanic to consume Ids surplus of pruvitMon*. and tho mechanic needs th<e larmur to consume his surplus of fabrics. 1 have said this gathering marks an era. It Is.witbfn the memory of tbo youngest man hero that corn bus been burned as fuel in thUsecllon when underlying tbo fields upon which that corn was grown were .VKINB OP THK FINKST COAT* And 1 regret to say that In my section wo nro today wearing out ttio points of plows—not nimlv nt home—by dragging them through tlio Inm-nre that. lift uinm our hillsides, and tlio startling iniornintiun Is now before u* that the cotton tucuirs of Memphis ore sending away lor sdvetsor inln-ndled Iron to use hi tho place of bagging for baling compressed eotlim. .This h a gathering of men who Imve cornu to* petherlinpellod by u desire to serve tho bust In* torestof themselves ami thoir people—men who put behind thorn till bitterness. nil prejudice—to calmly consider if It 1a not lor tbu beat Interests even of» purely agricultural people to fitvor prideetimi by National legislation of our borne Industrie* man mlnoiis foreign competition, und u Is assembled In tho very heart of tho world'* granerv. Another Important mark to Indicate a prow* tag sentiment In favor of this trim,American pulley bad lately been made In my own State, ohly n few weeks npo thu International Cotton Exposition win formnlly opened. During tho opening exercises we were addressed by the dla* tmgnlsfced. chivalrous, and eloipient Sen* utur from Indiana. In tho course of bis admirable oration he boldly ropu* illn'ed tho mistaken policy of “ tar iff for revemio only." When a Senator repre senting a Western State, stnndlnp In the cotton* Holds of a Southorn Stine, surrounded by an au dience of planters, has tho eourape of his con victions and bolds tho lutcresta of his people la higher repiml than the behests of his party, wo may well take faith, and hops that public Bontlmcr.t, oven In tho West and South, Is tend* lap In therlpht direction, and that this cm of peace, prosperity, and plenty shall not ho cheeked by trie adoption of a I also policy upon tho vital question ot domestic protection. 1 will nut futlpiio this tmcllipent assembly by presenting argument!! or statistic* on u subject with which yon nro doubtless much more tainll* lar than myself. Hut wo shall not, 1 am sine, lose sluht of tho facts In our own history which dAto the dawn of mir material prosperity from the adoption of the protective policy after tho close ol tho war of 18b’, nor forgot that tho cheokK and disasters that have fallen upon our pfopress havu Invariably been the outpimvth of mistaken legislation iu repurd to the turitf. .It Is not probable that thu Bouth will over Spain unite In demanding PP.OTKITION KOlt HICK AND SUUAIt, and at the same time utiempt to nnlllfylawa for the protection ol textile fabrics. May wo not then nope that the men of tho West will be con vinced that thoir Holds of prain, ns wo nnr Helds of cotton, will be more vain* able to us If- the mechanic, tho artisan, and the manufacturers are encouraged to locate Jii our midst. Let us demond that tho high •Undahl of the public credit be maintained by liberal revenue* from a propely-mljnsied tar iff lor protection: that liberal util bo granted by the puneral (Joveriinient tor the opening and muintenanoe of our great means of natural transportation through nnr river* and harbors; und that Inquisitorial omi onerous direct taxa tion bu uuMllilod. If we adhere to this policy with orpimUed elfort and persistence, and with mu compnmilsu tor the sake of partisan suc cess, even tlio oldest of us will live to partici pate In the blessings of an Independent, self-re liant, prosperous und united Nation—a people united In heart and hi hand by that etronucsl of tics—mutual dependence on and mutual In l«reu In thu welfare of each other. ueinlvmen of the convention, i await your further order. TEMPOUAIIV HKCIIETAIIIKH wore elected as follows: John F. bcnnlon, Chi cago; .1. W, Barker, New York; E. 11. Talbott, Chicago. *On motion of Mr. Hubboll the Chair appointed os a tommUioo nn Credential* tne followings C. K. Hnhbult, Syracuse, N. V.: \V. H. 11. Htowell, yf Uounslu: 11. 11. Adams, Cleveland, O.; O. T. 1.. O'Cuunor, LaHullo, HI.; W. A. Harrison, Colum bus, O.s J. M, Westeott, Ulchmond. 1ml.; bumucl Edwards, Bun Fruuuiseo. On motion of Mr. Buck tbo Chair appointed a Committee on I'ermuncnt Organization, as fol lows; A. B. Burk, Tucumsuh. Alu.; 8.0.0 - Item, Now York; Louis T. Hawley, Syracuse, N. Y.: If. J. Morrell, Johnstown, fa.; Horace J, Smith, Bunta Barbara. Cal.; F. \V. Nickerson, Boston; O. W, Butter, Chicago; Milton Uomley, lowa City, la.; A. J. fuller, Maine; Eliza Bust, Michigan; Taylor Grouse. Delaware. ' Tho bccretary rend u telegraph dispatch to the effect that the Hon, J. B. Urlmiull, of Orlnnolt. In., opjadmed us a delegate by Uuv. Goar of that btate, was on bis way to tbu convention. It was suggested that in order to expedite business the roll of delegates In the bands uf tho Hccrctsry should bo accepted us the roll ot the convention, hut as it appeared this was not perfect the inoitou was withdrawn and the con vention took a recess until <1 p. m. AFTEItNOON HEH.HION, \ The convention was culled to order at SJ;‘JO p. si. by Chairman Uulleck, and tbo Committee uu Permanent Organisation reported, us fellows: For President—William MuKlndley, ol Ohio. : Vice-Presidents— W. It. iiurt, Fast dagiuaw, Mich.; Joseph H. brown. Yuuugstuwu. U.t A. J. Fuller, Maine; K. A. Huristrom, Troy, N. Y.; o. VY, Putter, Chicago; Willard Wanner, Tu* oumseb. Ala.; J. ti. Ncgloy, plitsburg, Pa.; John H. Adams, Wilmington, Dob; I). 11. Miller, Hal* Jones. Nevada; J. J. Huger* yunl I. to wlndwud ofiSlM; V,* v i Hell lISn whll, Ul« Welt.tier ly Ku« LlvefSS ’ U I. Ju.l tlm.ii InucwaUa jSiioh 11 Ww. 111, uiMt ttucrcd rl,Ll. or out “juai" , that are slowly bpt surely p»*“ uv «'Vj*iuubi».*h., Uoaaluii el this alleged itepuL J. W, Llppert, Providence. H. I.: Senator Sam dors, Nebraska. Secretaries—Van Huron 11. Denslow, Chicago: John J. Hoanlon, Chicago; A. W. Jerome, I'lt.x* ton, 111. The committee also recommended the appoint ment of a committee or nine 011 resolutions. The report was adopted iimtnlmonsl.v. and Mr. MeKliulloy.mi taking ilieehmr as permanent pre siding oilleer of tho convention, said tho honor was entirely unexpected, as >lO wan In no sense an official representative of any manuracturmg Industry of the United Slates that was socking relief at tbo hand ol this convention. Hut ho was a thorough tariff man [applause] because be believed In protection for tbo sake of protection. [Applause]. Ho did not be lieve In a tariff for revenue only, with Incidental protection, hut believed In a tariff for protection, and, IT there wits to ho any incident nbunt It, ho would have It a tariff for protection with Incidental revenue. [Loud npulause.J As long ns tho groat growing Industries of the United States demanded protection at tbo bands of tbo Congress of tbo United States, ho behoved It ought to be voted to them, and then not splggardly. That was tho position ho had always taken Unon tills question. lie wan educated in tho school of tariff, to which his friend Mr. Morrill belonged, whom he hud long known, not personally, but by reputation, us one of tbo great leaders In tho tariff thought of tho United states. [Applause.] On motion of Mr. Klngsland, tbo Committee on Hcsolullons was constituted ns follows: I). J. Morrell, Johnstown. Ha.: William A. Sweet. Syracuse, N. V,; C. M. Hawley, I). If. Mason, and John S, Norton. Chicago: H. (I. Hlcbblns, De troit; 11. 11. Adams, Cleveland. O.t 11. S. Osborn, Now York: W. ll.Htnwell, Appleton, Win. On motion of Mr. Osborn, New Vork. resolu tions were now declared In order, and It was agreed that tbo same bo rend and referred to tbo Committee on Resolutions witbout debate. IS MEMOIItAM. Mr. J. W. Hinton, of Milwaukee, said that every gentleman present would agree (hut be fore they departed to their several homes scute expression should be given in graiolul memory of a man who was ever the iinillncbtng, clear, concise, honest, able advocate of protection to American industries—a man who had given tho best definition of American Industry that wo hud ever hud. who In that description said: “It Is not only to tho plow that furrows the land, but It is to tbo ship that plows the ocean," Homo who bad lor many years sailed under tbo Hag remembered with pride the grand condition of wont used to be the American niereaniUu navy They thought of Us condition today wltb sor row oud somewhat of shame. That man gave birth to the grandest saying about labor ever tittered on tula or nny other continent—” It is mir glory (hut tho American laborer is more in telligent ami better paid than bis foreign com petitor ” [applause]—and that sentiment of Jnines A. Gariield touched deeply the hearts of every workingman of America, [bond ap plause.] They responded nobly, and they prin cipally put him m the Presidential clmir. This convention ought not to separate without a public expression of their sorrow, not alone at lien. Garfield's death, but at tbo terrible manner in which It occurred. They would remember bow be told them in the convention in .which ho was nominated In ibis city of tbo abject condi tion In which tbe country wu j placed before tliu Republican party came into power, mid how he told them that It threw its uruiecUng arm around uitr enfeebled industries, und tbcysturl ed Into new life. There was one thing not so generally known us it might be, ami (hut was that the very last public uol of Uen. Garfield's life was to read the proof of Ills own report ml vacating tho retention of tho duty on wool. lie noptd tbolr agricultural friends would not fur- get tlfp. The Chairman usked If tbo gentleman had prepared a resolution on tho subject. Mr. Hinton said ho would leave tbe form of tbo resolution to the committees. AMERICAN SHIPPING. Mr. H. 11. Adams, of Cleveland, thou offered a set ut resolutions, us follows: Whereas, Tbe present depressed condition of tbo American carrying trade on tbc ocean is one of tho must important (|tiosilons dciiiunulng tbo attention of Congress ami of our people today: and Wiikueah, That condition, which grow out of our long and bloody Civil War, Is not duo to our want ot natural resources or ut üblli- ty to build ships at homo nor gut tu tho lust cost of tho ships, but rather to tiie higher cost of capital and labor in this country uuu to burdens of taxation, which' together miiKo It Impossible for us to own mid run ships In competition with the cheaper capi tal and Inhur of lurelgu nations, and WHEUtAs, Tbo ship on tbo oeoan is similar tu tbo factory on tbo land, auu should bo given tbo same measure of protection tu render competi tion equal; tburotore, Umiu'cJ, That this convention urge upon Congress tbo importance of taxing Immediately (men wise legislative action us tuis great Na tional interest demands tu bring it again to that position which Is due to our Nation on tbo sea. That our foreign currying trade should uo built up through the adoption by this Govern ment of a policy similar to that by wbleb Ku gland and other Doropemi Governments buvo built up tbetr merchant marine—a policy bruml, comprehensive, uud equitable—sueu as will in duce the investment ot capital In ships built In American shipyards by American labor. Tout us there is no instance in tbo history .of tbn world of a great maritime people continuing to bo u great maritime ueuple without being shipbuilders, this Nation must build Its own ships In order to become u great ship-owning nation: and that tbo foreign carrying undo is not to bo revived by repealing our .Navigation laws oud going abroad to buy ships, but by giv ing legitimate encouragement to Induuu our merchants tu build auu own ships; tbo sumo policy us that by which ait our Industries have been built up. That tho American labor which is employed In tbo shipyard and In tbo. ship on tbo ocean is entitled tu exactly tbo same protection accorded tu American labor employed in any other in dustry. That this Government should treat Its mall-currieri on the sea, gomg to foreign ports, exactly us it dues Us mall-earners on the land, making no distinction between a ship in tho foreign trade, and a railroad car, or a coast steamer. That tho ury for free ships does outcome from Americans who want to buy ships, but is a plea fur a false remedy, and Is not In tho interest of this country or Its Industrial development, and should tie condemned by tho American people. That thu natural necessity for naval defense of our const ami commerce cun best bo met In part by the building of u merchant marine of great speed, easily adapted to naval use In case of emergency, coating the Nation nothing in tlmout peace. That these resolution* be n part of thoso to ho BubmlUca to Congress by u committee ot this Convention. INTEU.VAL HEVKNUE. Mr. John C. Dorfi, of Chicago, offered tho fol lowing resolution: Jtouilcrd, That all National Internal taxes should bu reduced, und that all National Inter nal tuxes, except thu taxes on spirits, tobacco, fermented liquor*, und tho circulation of Na tional hunks, should bo abolished. I'ttorKcnoN fob i:vi:itrniiN<i amdevehy- BODY. Mr. David 11. Mason, Chicago, offered the fol lowing: WtiKtiKAß, All tho hard times, without excep tion, suffered by the American people, from 17bU to 1 Ml—the wbolu period during which any tariff for revenue only has been In operation— have been under the null-protective system of duties on Import*; and WimtUAH, all the prosperity enjoyed by the American people-übsolutcty nil of it, without any exceiKlun whatever—from tho beginning of thu Union until now, has been under the rule of tariff protection: and Wiikukas, It is nn Indisputable fact that when there I* work for the band* of men there Is food lor their months, clothes for their bodies, shelter fur thoir beads, fuel for their warmth. Instruction for their minds, oomlnrt for their fain tiles, and progress for their condition; and W iikiikas, Thu sum of snulul misery among a people can be measured by their Inability to ob tain wages; and regular employment and labor fully compensated aro the fruitful parents of general thrift, content, and cheerfulness; and WmntKAM, I'owurio protect homo labor and capital was put in the Constitution by Us founders In pursuance of a set purpose to put It there, conformably to thu demand of thu peo ple, so that tlm only sort of tariff on Import* which compiles with both the letter anil tbo spirit of thu fundamental law Is u protective tariff; and WmntKAH, "A tariff for revenue only,” by leaving altogether out of view the purpose In* eorpurnted lit tbu Constitution—by requiring that tho trust iherclu shall remain unexecuted and bo made a frustrated und nuiiilled provis ion—ls a kind of tariff never designed nor con templated by tbo great builders ul our political structure, uud must therefore bu unconstitu tional; and Wiikuha*, There (son foot n combined elfort of tho enemies of American industry lobring about such a reduction of duties on imports us must bu either harmful or ruinous to every branch of production in the United Htates; belt, therefore, ilcmiivct, That wo demand of Congress an tin* lllnubhig und umnUiuknhluadherence In Us acts or legislation to tbo protective purpose in the Constitution, embracing agriculture, nmimfutT ures, mining, shipping, navigation, and labor In their divers brauthes. ifrsoiccil, Thu; s "tariff for revenue only" Is a system of Uußfton imitoris based on the falsa oud ruinous Idea that thu Uovurunient will look out for Itself, und tho people must look out for thum*elve», that homo Industry will thrive most when it is least cared for in the laws, und that It is expedient to hire foreigners to produce man ufactures lor our use. while tuns of thousands of our workmen are deprived of employment, and our own good raw materials bo neglected to make room tor Importations—u system which has always ended In prostrating our Industry, In reducing multitudes to Idleness, In disordering tbu currency by forcing the Importation of specie to liquidate our ad verso baluucoof trade, In bankrupting the country In controlling tbo National revenue until tho (lovenimcnt has been compelled to resort to expensive loans to help pay its ordinary expenses fit times of pro tuuud peace, und iu spreading privation uud misery throughout tho land, evils which con tinued to grow worso until tne pressure of necessity forced a return to tarßT protection, which brought buck prosperity. iUtulitd, That we denounce British free trade as a scheme to protect British manufactures In our own market against the eomiHrmlonof our own manufacturers; as a schema to enable British capital and labor to deprive Amur lean capital and labor uf tbs Just pro tection of our laws: as a scheme to dupe THE CHICAGO TKIUUJNE: WEDNESDAY. NOVEJIUEH Hi, ISSI-TWELVE PAGES. it* Into producing articles which contain much material ami Httln work tor be exchanged abroad for articles which roniiiln much work nml Httlo material, and gcciernllv as a *OllOlllO to ninko England tliu workshop or the wftrid, so us to compel nil other nations In compete for tho sale of their raw materials m her market with tho cited ul’atntlilimr her to (1* the prices or what she buys, and to compel nil other nations to compete for tho purchase or mnmilnuturcs In her market with the cited of cnnhilntr her to tlx tho prices of what she sells. Ifesalml. That we favor tho policy of tariff protection because It multiplies the establish ments which plvo employment to labor ami cap ital ut home: because It secures a fair nay’s pay for an honest day's work: because It creates a demand rural! tho dlllorcnt nptUudos, endow ments, talents, and capabilities nmomr our peo ple whereby production, whether mental or ma terial, is largest In ipmntity and highest in qual- Ky, cneh particular eapneltv being thou occu pied with us appropriate work, ami available for its inmost.contribution to 1)10 aggregate result: because It nltlmatoiy leaves nobody idlo who seeks wages: because It lilts tho country with prosperity, tho homes of the lolling millions with comfort, and tbo coffers of tho Govern ment with abundance: and because It enables tbo Nation, as 11 separate and distinct organism, to provide effectually for Its own safely, wel fare, happiness, development, strength, and ex cellence. ttmrm.. . Hiu'ilr*/, That tariff protection, while mini missing tho destructive manifestations nf for eign rivalry, secures tho muxlmunr amount of wholesome competition: for. if tbo tarlfflmr rler be too n.ueb reduced, foreign competition, Hooding In according to Hs own pleasure, will prostrate and rum our homo establishments, whereupon all the competition loft will consist of that pel ween foreigners lor the possession of mir market, but If we raise tho tariff barrier to tho protect Ivo point, dumoshe Industry will re vive, and competition will bo Increased by that between our home producers, thus Insuring 11 threefold competition, moving in legitimate olnmnels, and noting with maximum of com bined force to reduce prices to consumers. HrrulmJ, That tUeie Is no greater falsity than tho doctrine that whenever a duty Is Imposed tbo amount of duty Is milled to the price, not only of tbo foreign article Imported, but of the similar article manufactured In this country, the fact being that tho tariff barrier merely shields and permits the natural price, which varies in different countries according to tho variation of Its component elements. Just ns the natural price of wheat la tho United States Is made up of cheaper components limn the price of wheat in England, and Just as tho natural price of pig-lren in Knginnd Is made up of cheaper coiniumeiils than too price of plg-lron in the United .States. Our wheat c.m undersell the English wheat, bonce tbo ruinous effectof mir tree competition upon English agriculture. On the other hand. English plg lron can undersell our plg-lron. hence tbo ruin ous effect or her competition, when not re strained, upon our mamifneturo. The only way to preserve tbo natural price from destructive encroachment Is to erect tho tariff barrier, be hind which competition, skill, and Invention will coTiporato to bring down tho articles to tho low est point at. which 0 protit can bn made. L’tsolml, That It Is an obligation which Con gress owes to tho people in be vigilant and reso lute hi providing legislation which shall sustain and build up every brunch of domestic indus try; that to this end such changes should be at oneu made In tbo tariff ns will secure full pro tection to the manufacturing Interests damaged by the court decisions and (bo Treasury rulings In recent years: that as soon as It becomes mani fest (but any form of productive enterprise on mir soil Is not sufficiently defended against foreign competition tbo duty or unties relating thereto should be so reamtngod as to provide tbc needful protection: and that appropriate measures should bo speedily enacted for tho purpose of naturalizing In this country entirely new Indus tries, biieh as tho mamifneturo of tin pinto, of linen guuds, of the highest grades of cotton ami woolens, and of otht'r useful articles, by which additional employment would bo provided for American capital and labor, ifcsoltvd, That public officials arc only tbo servants, not the masters, of tho people, and that It Is a gross offense ngalnsljsuuml National pulley to reinin In office men wbo habitually have exhibited an inclination to ad vance foreign at tbo expense of American interests; that It is unpatriotic and dlsgraeelul to use the customs service as a shel ter for any smeeurist, who devotes himself to writing pamphlets and nowspaporttrUeles which denounce us robbery tho laws ho Is supposed to bo assisting to enforce, and which assail tho right of homo capital and homo lubur to bo nro tcctud against Injury trum abroad: and that wo ask tbo eoilpcnttlou of our Senators and Repre sentatives In Congress to secure tho removal of these unfaithful incumbents who stand ns ob stinate and dangerous Impediments to tbo growth and prosperity of our muiuifaoturos. “ A TARIFF NO TAX.” Mr. Q. It. Slobblus, Detroit, ottered tbo follow ing: WiiEitEAS, A National Convention of repre sentatives of tho agricultural, manufacturing, and commercial Interests of tbo country Is tu bo held in New York Nov. IW and lid, for tbu pur pose of considering.and recommending such Congressional action us will promote domestic and foreign commerce, and alum! adequate pro tection to American industry: therefore, Kiwi ml, That such wise uud patriotic action as that emivontlon may take. Inspired by fidelity to tho idea of Just protection to our homo Indus try as wu think It will bo, will meet mir hourly aupruval and support, and wo hereby express our hope that its deliberations may help to maintain our Industrial ami tlnanclal Inde pendence and to enlarge our vast Internal com merce mid our foreign carrying trade. Itcaoh'ed, That of all tbo misstatements of free-trade advocates nouo Is more gross than tho Impudent uud .repeated falsehood that “a tarllT is a tux " added to the cost both of tho Im ported article audof tbo like article made or pur chased in this country—a tax ou tbo pcoplo for tbo benefit of ao-ealled monopolists—tbo fuot being that tbo building up of borne manu factures under fair protection always creates a competition which brings prices below what they aru when foreign monopolies have tho mo nopoly of our markets. Jft’solea/, That while oor Industrial prosperity under our present customs duties shows that there is no pressing need of a revision of our turlif, yet. IJ such revision is to be made, wo consider tbo appointment by tbo President of tbo United Htates of a commission of ropro soutallvo men of practical experience in under take tbo work in a comprehensive manner uud fur tho best interests and just protection of American industry, and to report their doings tu Congress as a basis of action by that body, us worthy of commendation and support. Tilt: STEEL-HAIL FOUL. Mr. J. I). (Jrliincil, of lowa, otfered tho fol lowing: WiimiEAS, It Is assorted and generally admit ted tbut there is a close combination of Interests In thu use of the Bessemer patent in tbu maim lecture of steel rails, which limit* tun producers to Kitolt nu extent us to unreasonably unhaneu the use of rail*, bringing a burden on the agri cultural Interests of tho country: thorofore, NfMolred, That we, as proteotionists, ask an explanatory statement as to any limitations, and tho reasons therefor, to Justify tho protection acceded to the makers of Hteol rails. AMEHICAN WAUKS. Mr. Hartshorn, of New York, offered tbo fol lowing; lUwh'ol, That unsubstantial benefit could bo derived by reducing American wages to tho present level of European or Asiatic countries. Mr. J. U. Norton read tbo following letter ad dressed to Mr. Murry Nelson, of this olty, on the decline ot (ho American commercial marine: Nr.W Yokk, Out. ill.—. Burn/ A'chmii, Wai/. Dn.vit Blit: Having had tbo pleasure of making your acquaintance on board tho steamship (Jullln on our homeward passage, and hav ing hud some conversation with yon upon thu subject of tho commerce und snipping of our country, 1 beg leave to laku tho liberty lu pul u few facts before you, show ing the reason* why our foreign carrying trade has been thrown almost into the hands of for eigners, and our merchant marine gradually driven from tho ocean. Today Hnglund boasts of having M per emit of tlio earrylug trudo of the world. Now you unit llm cause ui llilti. Tho answer 1b that our Uov* omnium him douu nothing toward re pealing those obnoxious laws which tram* mol our shipping. which ought to hnvo liocu repealed years ago, but it him ilimu everything It could to place our carry* Ing imuo hi tlio bund* of foreigners. An was nuld to mo a fnwdays slnco In London by u large owner of steamships, “ Vour (Juvcriimeiu la tlio beat friend we have, as It could do nothing mom thuu It bua douo to throw the fAHIIYINU TIIADK INTO Obit HANDS,” mid he ndUed! “You fellows over there must be a tame lot, compared with your forefathers, or you would not stand It." I could answer this mini only with the blush of luuulllailon, for what ho fluid witH but too tmu. Another gentle* mun In London said to mo: “Some twenty-livo years uko u groat muuy of iho largest und Hurst clipper ships that Glowed the occult bore the Amorlcun Hug, ut now It Ifl niruly to bo seen." Uur Govern* meui, lu adhering to those laws which protect tlm few to the detriment of the many, Ims been the menus of drlvluir our Hag from thuooeiiu. We tire the only Nation under the beuvens but wimt allows its cltuuna lo purchase or build their ships wherever they can do so the cheap* est, mid thou put them under their own Hag. Then, mniin, wu uro tbo only Nation hut what will allow Its ships'crews to ho puliiulf in for* oimt ports without paying three nuniihs' extra wages. It matters nut how nmllnuus or useless the nuiti be. or of what nationality, If ho Is once shipped on board of mi Amor* lean ship be cannot be paid olf In u foreign port without the three mouths' extra par. Then again, although uur Consuls lu foreign ports nru salaried moo, tho fees which our ships have to pay them uro nt least double the amount ships of other nations PAY TUEUt COXSUJ.& You may go Into any of our largo seaports to day unit ship I,OUU sailors, and out of tbo I.UUO there will not be teu Amnrluuus; yet those men cannot bu discharged In a foreign port without tbreu mouths' extra pay. Are not these laws too ridiculous for any mao of brains or ordinary common senso to think of In these days of foreign iron steamships? Our sailing ships hnvo been und are disappearing so fast there Is no Inducement fur young men tu tuku to the sea for a profession, us wo cannot, owing to our laws, compote with foreigners in Iron steamships, and some line day wo will Hud ourselves with a foreign war on our bands, and uu sailors to man our navy, provided we have one. Now, you will naturally ask. What shall wo do to remedy (ho evil which has become no DEADLY TO OPH SHIPPING INTEREST, and Increase our merchant murine, and got back n fair proportion of tno hurrying trade? Some thing must tie dene besides repealing those laws, and for this reason: England and oilier nations have twenty-live years tbo start of os In Iron steamship building, and they are Hooding the oceans with them, and, If our laws arc repealed, wu must bnvo a differential duty of at least K) Sor cent 011 all goods brought to the United tates In foreign ships from countries other than thalr own—that Is, If an English ship brings goods from England or her colonics, lot It come In (ho same ns U It were brought lit mi American ship; but If nit English ship brings goods from Holland, or nny other country than her own, let It PAY 10 PKU CUNT MOIIK than If It canto In mi American ship, under tho United States Hag. This can bo Hone without interfering with treaties, and Is tho only thing that will induce mir cnpltnlistn to pul money Into ships, and thereby bring back our murcbuut marine, and establish tbo Stars and Stripes on tho ocean, where It wan before tho Inauguration of mm steamship building in foreign countries. If tbo law wbleb prohibits us from building and buying ships in foreign countries were to be repented now, It would do tts little or no guod without tbo deferential duty I apeak of, and tor this reason: England ami nil other nations have already got 11 groat many Iron steamships built ut u low cost, and If wo now bad tbo privilege to go to England and build Iron steamships, of course they would put tho price right up on us, so wo could not compete with them and others without tho differential duty to help us to a start. If tho only tbreo iron shipbuilding establishments lit tho United Slates,Atrbleh have already made colos sal fortunes In building what few coastwise Iron steamers wu have, together with tho four little Iron steamships which carry the American Hag across tho Atlantic must be pro tected, ns they have been, to tbo deadly detri ment of tbo many shipowners and capitalists, thou let that law remain mid repeal tho laws which com pul American ships to protect foreign sailors and ourown ships pay snub heavy con sul’s feus, and HIVE US TIIK DIFFERENTIAL DUTY, which will he Just, and benefit tho small ns well ns tho largo shipowner: whereas, If tho Gov ernment wore to grant subsidies to a few lines of steamships It would bo of 110 bunofft. but an Injury to a large majority ot the few ship owners now left In tbo business. Lvery lino of business In tbe United States ex cept tho shipowner bits more or loss protection: but the ship seems to bo open plunder for every body. Resides paying taxes on ships as personal property to their Dill value, wo pay a yearly tax to tho Government of !W cents per ton; whereas lit other countries tho shipowners only pay a local (ax on tho net earnings nf thoir ships. Now. how tiro wu Americans, under tbo present statu of aff airs, going to compute wltb other nations? Foreigners have not only takun about all of tbo Atlantic, i’aolHo. and In dian Ocean trades from us, but they have come dowa to our own doors and almost Into our own waters, wltb tbolr steam ships, taking most of tbe Cuba mid West India trade from mir small vessels. Olvo us tbodlffcr cntUU duty 1 ask for. and It will STOP ALL THIS AND REVIVE our shipping. You may ask, Will not other na tions retaliate? Lot them do so. and they can not hurt us npc-tenth part as much ns tbo dif ferential duty will do us good, its onr ships carry but little merchandise from one foreign country tomiottior. Occasionally (buy carry a cargo of sugar or rice, but tbo comparison is so small, compared with what foreign ships bring to tho United States from countries other than tbolr own, that it is hardly worth consider ing. Twenty years ago (Hi percent of till our ox- f torts and Imports were carried In ships owned n this country and under tho American Hag, but today only about IT per cunt of it Is done by American ships, as statistics will show. Trusting that 1 bnvo not trespassed too long on your putleuca, and that you will havo the kindness, ns well ns tho Interest of our common country at hoarr. enough, to try and get Con f;ress to take this- matter Into consideration at ts next sitting, 1 am yours. James U. Winchester, J. 11. Winchester A Co. TIIU Til ANKI’OItT ATKIN qt'K.HTIO.V. . Mr. 11. H. Walers.of Chicago, olTorcd tbo fol lowing resolution: - lu view of tho fuel that n Tow of tlto railroad magnates of ilio conuiry, by combinations, bv bribery, by Intimidation* and by delhineo of all law, havosccured.sueh control of tbo Internal carrying trade of tbla country as to seriously endanger tbo best IntorosiH of tiiu people of all sections by tbo exercise of arbitrary power, therefore no demand of our members of Congress ilio exercise of tbo greatest watchfulness over tbo great lines of transportation: tho strict enforcement of ox* Ntlng statutes, and tho enactment of snob new laws regarding transportation ns will eauso tbo managers of tbo railway service to become tbo servants and not tho musters of the people. In sheet, wo demand that tbo laws relating to transportation shall bo enforced to tbo letter, and not uo openly and continually dolled, as is now tbo caso, and the railroad lines tboreuy become a National in* stead of a family Institution. On motion of a dolomite from Now York tbo convention then adjourned until lOt'JO o’clock this morning. - • THE HENNEPIN CANAL. Spitial Ditoateh to Thi Chicago TVibuni. Davenport, la.. Nov. 16.—At a meeting of tho Hennepin Canal Central Conimlttco of mis city, held this uftonioon'r a permanent organization was elfeutod, as follows: lloburt Krause, I'rosl deiit of tho Hoard of Trade, was chosen Chair man; L. [•’. Parker. Corresponding ffecroinry; A. J. illrsohl, Iloonrdlug Secretary; ana the Hon. J. B. Henry, Mayor of Davenport, Treas urer. A llnance committee, composed of A. F. Williams, .lulius tfobntt, and W. M.Clrussoii. was appointed. The city will bo systematically canvassed for funds to aid In pushing and ad vertising tbo project. Tbo interest in tho move ment Is growing rapidly stronger In this city. Meetings of tho Control Committee will bo hold regularly on each Tuesday. Who Foots Clio Tar IIT IBllls, Xuo York Timtt, About thlrty-llvo yours ago. wbon tbo writer was I.') years of agoj be made tho fallowing com parison: His father was a mechanic, in tbo family wore tbo father and mother and eleven children. Tho father, mother, an older brother, and the writer supported tbumselvos mid ninu younger members of the family. Tho gross earnings of the fonr productive members of tbo family woro aboiiL fWXI. bluco everything was purchased for tho support of tbo family, about (6UO was paid out for articles tbo prlcu or which was alTuutcd by the turllf. On somo articles tho tarlll was 60 pop cont; on somo as low ns lupur cent. Alow average would bo 20poreout. It appeared to tbo writer that bis father’s family paid SIOO to support tbo National Government; that tbo four productive members of the family paid >IOO, ot tjyi aplvoo to tho National Govern ment. besides supporting themselves and tho ninu non-prodneing members ot tho family. In tho sumo town was a Htato Senator. Hu was worth, In real estate and money loaned am, (110,000. His family consisted of the father and mother, two sons, who woro men, anti one young daughter. One son assisted bis father In his legal business. Iho other, was a toucher. Tho gross income of tho family was at least (0,600. I hoard him say that ho bought about (240 worth of articles, each year, on which there was duly. It appeared to tbo writer that tho Henalor’s family paid (60 to tho National Government or that tho four productive mombers paid (12.60 am) supported themselves and one non-produdlng member of tbo family. Tho writer made thcsucompurisoim: Our family, without one dollar of property, ex cept household atulf and uloihlug, pay (luo Na tional lax, Hunutur R.’s, with (dd.ouo, pay (60. Each productive member of our family supports himself and two and OMc-ipirter helpless per sons and has no jiroperty to help in doing it, and pays (26 National tax. Each produc tive member of Senator 11.‘s family supports himself and one-fourth of n helnluss person, has tho fourth oMbu Income ofCiO.OJO to help him do It, and Days (12.60 Nutlußiii tax. Is such taxation Just and equal? Did tbo fact that In our family more .were ninu helpless persons render it our duty to pay twiou tho tax? Did tbo fact that wo bad no property and Senator 11. hud (hO.UNJ make Jt our duty to pay twice tho tax tho Henator’s family paid? Is such taxation Just and ennui) 1 1 remember another incident. A prosperous neighbor, who was a hlgh-iarlif man, was discussing tbo question with my father, a free-trader. Father bad Just pur chased a dress suit. Ho took a iionoll and pa per and handed Mr.B. tbo following statement: Cost of eloib in England (ID Tariff,Miner cunt. .. 8 Importer s expenses undproUts.,,.,. 4 Total (28 '• Now." said ho, " 1 had to pay f 8 tariff on that suit. 1 could have gut it for t&i with no tariff. 1 had to pay f 2B fur It. 1 can see easily what tho tariff cost mo on that suit. Now, will you sot down a like bill ol beimlits and show mu where (he tariff returns to mu $8 or even 8 cents?" Mr. B. begun to talk or protection to homo hi* dustry, homo trade, home market, higher price for home products, and higher wages, and In creased prosperity; etc. "Mr. B.,”auUl father, "setdown wlmt each Item would be without tariff, wlmt It Is now under tariff, show tbo amount each Is Increased; prove your llgures to tm facts, not fancies—that they uro as undeniable us mine. Then, when yon have done that, prove that myself, or any other laboring man, or ordinary farmer, ur .me* chanlu Is bcucllted 10 corns hi a your by • prelec tion,’ as you cull It. Olvo mo tho fuels and tig* urus, nut assertions, theories, and loose declama tion." " Well," said Mr. H., " have you any ob jection to supporting the Government?" "No." replied father. " 1 huvu nou 1 want burdens to bo cipml. 1 pay fltw tariff,.and support my large family out of my wages and the wages of my wife and two sons. You pay about fA) and nave a good property, and your family aro all producers. Is It Just? I still want to know If I did not pay |8 bounty out of my (wicket lu American manufacturers? 1 want to know why I should do it. and what I get fur It?" I have never heard bis queries answered. Can you do It? . C. li. Another Candidate, lly a large majority tho imoule of tho United Btutes have declare i their faith In Klducy-Wort us a remedy fur all tbo diseases of the kidneys and liver: some, however, huvu disliked the trouble of preparing It from the dry form. Fur such a new osndldsto appears in tbo shape of Kidney-Wort in liquid form. It la very con centrated, Is easily taken, and Is equally effi cient as the dry. Try It.—i-ouhvllU /W. CIVIL-SERVICE REFORM. Report of the Special Committee to the Citizens' Associa tion. The Reasons for Its Adoption Suc cinctly and Clearly Estab lished. Municipal Government Oll'erH tho Host Field i'or Us Work- Inns, Its Opponents Those Who Have Stolen the Power of Appoint* ment. Tho special committuu appointed by tbo Citi zens’ Association to Investigate and report upon tbo subject of civil-service reform, and consist ing of (Jcargo F. Harding, E. (I. Keltb, U. S. Waller, Monroe Heath, Francis 11. I’cabudy, J. 11. Clough, and W. 0. McCormick, yesterday completed thole labors and submitted a lengthy report to tbo Citizens' Association, of which tho following Is mi abstract: N Tbc Incoming Oarffcld Administration was overwhelmed with applications for office, and tbe National Senate gave Itself up for tm cnllro session to a party wrangle over tho potty spoils of tbo Executive offices of that body. What shall bo tbo effect upuu tho country of tbo mighty struggle for place as tho prizes In crease, and wo must carry tho pivotal States of Indiana mid Louisiana, with tbolr ’~M.000.000 of people, when tho army of politicians and their dependents arc lighting each other with all the crooked and dishonest votes that cim bo manu factured and mußtored into service? “No otto Is now so blind ns not to sob that thin Intense party spirit, • tho mortal foe of re publics.’ Is tanned Into this Hame by tbo pres entspoils system, that It Is this which dentes to tboelii/.uti the right of Independent Judgment, commands that he vote for the party right or wrong, and follows him when elected to tho Hrst office of tbo Hrst nation In (bo world wltb its demands that bo shall serve the party alone, and surrender, at peril of character and life If bo refuses, bis constitutional power of appoint ment to tbo tyranny ossnbHsbod by tbo party chiefs under tho name of the 'Courtesy of tbo Semite.’ Thu nssasm of our lamented Presi dent was tho true representative of this system and carried its principles to tbolr butt but nat ural result." Tho commlttco believe that tbo blood of Onr- Held will prove tbo seed of reform, ana tho question, of reform has In bis death passed from tbo stage ut ridicule. MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT* Experience shows that reform finds Its best Held la imtnlolpnl government. " This city Is a monetary corporation In many of Its functions, expending S4,UOO.Ux) a year In tho enru of streets, sowers, public buildings, courts, waiter, tire, schools, library, health, otc. •• Why should policemen, firemen, teachers, and clerks bu compelled to become partisans to keep in place and clmngo with the shirting ma jority tit popular clutloos? Tbo public has tho right to hitvo tho subordinate offices Piled by those who will make tho bust return lit services fur tho money paid thorn: mid no Governor, no Mayor, no chief of department has tho right to puy, for political services rendered him. by tbo public olliues, no more than by tho public mon eys. lie can as safely discriminate on political grounds In levying or collecting taxes, in award ing contracts, or m putting ballots In the ballol box. Tho appointing power Is a trust to bo usml only In tbo interests of tbo Government; und tbo great source of tbo abuses In our civil service is that tho ollleus arc treated not us trusts, but ns mote pcrcjulslls ot tbo appointing power, and In uoiiscqnuneu are Idled not by those best Piled to HR them, but by tbn favorlts and partisans of tbo party In power, und with out reference to fitness." No applicant should bn appointed to nnolllco In tbo gift of tbo municipality, unless bo bo nor* feotly competent: and In order to secure abac* Into elllclcney ho should begin at tbo bottom. Tbo solo tenure of olllco should bo ollluluney, and promotions should not bo mndo except fur good eauso mid after tong service. If tbo term be llxcd. reappointment should follow con* tinned olllclency. Thu illness of tbo applicant should bo deter* mined niter nn examination conducted by a permanent eommlßsinn composed of, say, live of the best men of tho several political parlies ns Independent in position ns are tho Judges. Tho rules ot examination should resoluble those adopted by tho National Civll-Sorvico Commis sion appointed under tbo not of Congress of IST I. “This system, although suspended from pan* cral uso In 1874 by tbo neglect of Congress to make annual appropriation for Its support, bus boon In* full ooorutloa In tbo ciisioni-houao nt New Voric fur many years, and bns boon fnr some yours more or loss ful.y In operation In iho post-offloo ami naval olllou tit Nov York, ami In tbo Interior Department In Washington, and tbo results bnvo been iiiilforiiily bcnollolul to tbo service. In a marked degree, through a series of years and under successive adminis trations. THM EXPERIENCE OP GREAT 11U1TAIN FOR TWENTY-FIVE YEARS— of the most practical nation In iho work!, of tho nation having the most complex.and nllllnult civil service that over existed—has shown that uttainmniits and capacity lor tbo real work of tho offices con bo tested by examination and probation; this reformed system Is tboroac cepted by oil political parties, and In the lan- But John llrlght ihoo lettnr to Eaton ’s Clvll-Servlou Reform, p. 4.T1), •It would bo Impoßslblo to go buck to tho oldsystum.* “France more than half a century ago adopt ed the now system of appointment and proba tion in her consular and ulplomatlo service; and has retained It unchanged since sbo bcoamo a Republic, “ Resides, your committee submit that this re form is simply tbo resumption by tbo people of tbo right of Sttlf-guvurmnont: from which, In losing tbo control of their civil service, they have been ousted by rings of politicians. It is a return to tbo practice of tbo Fathers of tbo Re public; it is the old sound principle of our early civil service, when our President know tbo man lie appointed and know him to lie lit, and tbo man was sought for and did not sock tbo place. “There wore no removals worth mentioning— less than 100 in all—up to 1820. Then was passed tho net of 1820, which lixcd tbo term of minor olliccs at four years for tbo very purpose of creating party spoils by relation In adieu.” Tbo principle of this reform is simply applying business rules to tbo greatest of business Inter ests—tbo science of good government. TUB POLITICIANS OBJECT to the Introduction of sound business rules to tbo tilling of offices, and ask: Howls the party to be maintained? Tboro Is material enough loft for tbo support of tbo party, because tbo reform does not touch tbo vast number of officers elected by tbo pooplo. “ When Gladstone defeated Roaconsflold, oftor tbo most bitter and determined party struggle ot modern times, less than fifty officers changed places. Under this system parties are main tained in England, Franco, and Switzerland. Who shall suy our pooplo so lack public spirit thutTboy will nut give tbolr service to tbo tituto on tbo sumo terms us tbo citizens of this mon archy nr that republic? That an Amurlean lucks patriotism and must bo bribed by office and spoils tn sorvu bis country? That parties can not bo maintained on tbo merit of tbolr udmln- Istrntion, but will full to pieces unless tbe party malingers cun keep tip party spirit by giving away tho public offices lor partisan purposes? Tho pulitlulans In making this objection uncon sciously betray themselves; they aro popularly bulluvudtodo nothing for principle— to work for tbo ulllces and spoils. Rut R is u huso slander upon tbo American people: and for one mer cenary partisan wo should havon hundred do cent men, lovers of their country, working for it from patriotic sentiments, for honor and the country's glorj*, for their children's future," NO BUREAUCRACY Tbo cry time civil service will cronto a bureau* oraoy has uo foundation. Under It tbo poorest hoy stands an equal chance with nil others, and will tuko tbo place bo Is boat (Hied to till. Tbo cumulus of this now system uro tbuso corrupt Units or politicians—the real aristocrats and placo-holdcra of the Uepubllo—dunlurs in petty patronage, Bonalora who, lu tho name of Heim* lorlnl courtesy, have stolen tbo power of ap* polntmont. Hbnll wo build up this privileged class here, while Lapland, tbo land of uristoora uy and privilege, bus broken down tbo ring, opens the rucu for merit, tree to ally There Is no reason to four that the commission will name favorlts and partisans. Their Judicial character and Independence, tno publicity which attends their actions (the examinations aro pub* lie, the (|uestlons ore the same fur all, ami the answers mo preserved open fur Inspection at all times), are safeguards against Injustice. The experience of England for twcnty*tlve years shows that such fears are groundless. ibo result of the olvll-aurvico system would bus "The effect produced In tho onergy and olll* clenoy of the service Is easily scon, and Is ae* knowledge) wherever (he new system has been applied, lletter men are lu bo bud for places made honorable by being won and retained by merit, uod bettor work la to had for steady am* ® incut at the same salary. The pressure Is u away to Increase expenditures by addlug to tho number and pay of unices, and thoro Is n great saving of time in dealing with lbe con stant applications for place. CItIUKB ANU emniNAl, AItItKSTH hovo been steadily dlsuppearliighi Great llritaln us corruption bus disappeared from her politics. Imndun Is a fair example of the whole country. In Loudon, Firth says lu bis "Municipal Lm» don, I8T8," P* till. "Crime Is on the decrease, not merely proportionately, but actually." Tho number of crimes and criminal arrests ore aot* uallv loss In Loudon than lu Now York, which nus but a third of the population of Loudon. Arrests In London In IbCv, TAWI; In 1870, and they have since decreased. Arrests In Now Vork In IHTO were 75,CW; lu 1871. 81.601; In 1875, (•• Union’d Uivil Horvlco," p. 00.) ••Tltnlrl olllcors, under till* system, do their duty, and oven iho bad dare not violate the law, for they must look to dm people Instead or to din politicians—to the people for ttiii vmvald of honest service, Imlenil of to din politicians lor tho reward of personal dishonesty and low schemes. •• Tito party magnates no longer dure to Icnvo crime unpnlilshod lo ndvnncn tho Interests ol their factions: tho whole tnachlnnry or city Ilfo In to this extent disentangled from this most dangerous clement—party spirit—and from alternate sacrifices of law and order hy each party as Ittannus in powers and tho whom oily service becomes a city service Indeed, conducted for its own best Internals. k ,ri 1,3 unii vvfli ■■■ it.-, i;a,o. “ Kqimlly striking is tbo advantage under tho reformed system, in nlty sanitary regulations, ami this sanitary administration Is the best measure of tbo ability and Iblellty of tho city oillclnln. Of New York it Is tbo boast, at least of her citizens, that tho health administration surpassed In ellleloney any other In this country. Yet the ollleluls oh London, chosen under their new methods, Imvo, In spite of Us fearful slums, reduced Its ratio of disease und death below Umt of New York; and under tho same system tue death rate of llomlmy, ••breeding pla.*e of plagues, cholera, and lonrosles." Is reduced bo« low that of HiilUmoro and lllchimmd.—ib." AXOTICKU MIUNAIi AHVANTAni; in tbo merit syetem, ns ndulnlstcred In Lngland, Is the stimulus It gives to commnn-sehoul edu cation. The nUoiulaiH-o on tho public bclkhils bas wonderfully Inurcnsud, and the example has given now vitality to tho higher schools and even tho universities. Tho problem how to loud tho citizen to toko personal interest in (bo common welfare of his city, In tho canons and convenUon, and In Iho court* mom, will ho advanced toward solution when tho mercenary men now In charge of all this Und their capital and their motives for cor ruption taken away; tho goodwill enter where tho bud are shut out: and patriotism, love of order, and tho higher sentlmontß will loud to tho front a batter ulnss of men, now powerless. Today our olllcers uro 100 often nomhmtcil and then elected by tbo centres of crime—by the gambling and dance bouses and tbo low saloons; tho citizen may be misted to stop this when not overwhelmed and handicapped by the regular troops of crime which now tue fed by tho tmbliu treasury; by this groat corrupUim fund pro vided by tbo spoils avstem—the control of tho olllcers of tho municipal government. These enemies of society live upon tho political par ties. who are compelled to use or to be defeated bv these forces, which wo allow lo bo wrested from tbo public use to support factions and Uion crime. Tho time Is ripe for action. The citizen may bo sure that no one will do this duty for him, ho must do it personally nr It will remain undone: and tho reform which could be secured, ns suou ns (bo necessary legislation cun be hud, by united and persistent effort, will bo postponed lor ninny years If we leave It to Its natural enemies—tbo politicians. An educated public sentiment which shall demand tills reform will pot bo refused; for this popular feeling Is the very source of political power; but It must be outspoken, zealous, deeply Interested and deter mined, und thon It Is irresistible. VOICE OF THE PEOPLE. The llootU Family. 7b the Kill (or oj The Chicago I'ribant. Rloi.n, 111., Nov. 15.—Please let tue Know In yuur next issue (1) If tho elder Mrs. J. li. Ilooth is alive, and whore? (i!j Is Agues Uooth wife of J. It. ilooth Jr.? Ui.oinitb. jAmieer—(l) Yes. Ilaltlmoro. (2) Yes. Tlio School Question. 7b tht Editor o/ Tht Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Nov. IB.—Your correspondent “M. H." manages very carefully not to touch tho school question nt nil which Ift being discussed la Tub Tiihiunc,. Tho writer scorns to think tbiu tho question Is tho reduction of tho num her of children in n room. Sixty youngsters, nho thinks, is too many. lint suppose the num ber wus reduced Jo forty fur each school inarm; this would throw 1-,000 to IB.INX) out of doors for luck of school rooms. A practical toucher may not care anything for that, but parents tie. The issue, however, Is somethin# else. It Is on tho repressions perpetrated upon pupils by the "graded system,” which keeps down and holds back tho clover, bright, go-ahead pupils to the mental puce of (be sluggish, dull, careless pu pils. The (traded system may bo likened to a routined, whoso feet all movo at the same sliced. Tho question, then, Is not about tho number of children in a room, but tho reform of tho handicap system. Hindi children exhibit in# tin aptitude In any study be allowed to push ahead lu It, leaving tho slower scholars of its clast behind? Will tho Hcbool Hoard unfetter tho brighter children In any study or brunch and let thorn move along. or is tho old bull and chain question to be continued tor tho case and convculuuco of teachers who ore rooted in routine? ? Tho United State* Treasury Scandal. 'ib (h< XMltor of Tht CMcaoo THbmtf. Chicago, Nov. It.—lt is an ungrateful task to comment upon tho Treasury Department scan dal. Jt Is bad enotnrh to be compelled to assent to the proposition that 111-paid clerks lu tho de partments at Washington are likely to fall into habits of petty peculation, lint to be told that tho hood of a department—a great man, a man who has spout a lifetime in high positions in tho public service—to be told that such u man has been lured from tho path of strict raomude, se duced Into tho company of these cheap pecu lators of ponholdors, stationery, ourpots, wril hig-doaks. and lunches Is humiliating indeed. The obarpo apulnat Senator Sherman Is degrad ing, and it must be presumed to possess some color of truth, since It is not met by a prompt and Indignant vcncrnl denial. it may bo said In defense of tho ox-Socrotary that the clique of rascals In tho Treasury De partment deceived him; that they wished to cover their own moral delinquencies by making Mr. Sherman a party to them, and that In pursuance of this pur pose they caused Government‘.employes to servo him In various ways without his knowl edpe. lint, if this ho admitted to bo true, It la a confession In behalf of tho Secretary that nut he but a colerlo of hla subordinates conducted tho affairs of tho department: that ho know so little of tho business under his charge that tho revenues of tho Government were actually diverted, under his very eyes, from tho public service to his own pursonut use without his knowledge. This Is’a very lumo excuse, and will not curve. liesldes, It Is assorted that cer tain trusted subordinates of Mr. Sherman were deputed by him to tho duty of superintending bis personal affairs. For this transtemmeo of a service duo entirely to the public to bis personal interest it is impossible to frame any excuse whatever.. It opens tho dour to tho very pecula tions which aro alleged to have beeu committed: fur tho department subordinate detailed to tho personal service of tho Secretary might well argue that, It bis service paid for by tho Government was diverted by direction to tho usu of tho Secretary, tho serv ices of cabinetmakers and carpenters might with equal propriety bo devoted to tho building ami furnishing of tho Secretary's houses, It goes without saying that If it Is right for tho Secretary of tho Treasury to divert too lime and service of a Government omplnyfi to his own personal use, it Is equally right for this particular subordinate to secure from the Gov ernment anything and everything upon whleb he can lay Ida hands lathe way of peculation. On this false theory it is plain that but a brief time would be required to corrupt tho entire public service, and .It makes little difference whether tho corrupt practices proceed down ward from tho head nr upward from tho foot. There in a disposition to treat tho alleged of fense of Mr. Sherman with groat leniency, and I confess to sharing this disposition. • liul It is Idlo to Ignore It, and It is equally Idle to deny that It Is nu offense of tho gravest character. It la out of those little otfouaos that groat offenses spring. To say that potty pilfering In tho departments at Washington I* of small consequence because tho sums of money In volved are small is to disregard tho philosophy of pilfering. To say that this class of pilfering Is inevitable, that It cannot be stopped, is to say that groat robberies of tho revenue cannot bo stopped. In unearthing tho whisky frauds ac complices were found In tho public service: ho of thuatar-nmlu frauds. Once corrupt a Gov ernment employe to tho extent of a dollar, and the way Is opened to great conspiracies for the robbery of tho revenue. With faithful service lu the Treasury Department tho whisky frauds would have been Impossible. With like faithful service la tbo I’osi-Gllleo Department tho star routo frauds would nave been Impossible. In a word, tho Government uunnut bo robbed lo any considerable extent without the consent of Us trusted employes. And the germ of every grout revenue robbery I* planted when tho Cblorof a department winks at some Inslgullleuut act of peculation. Tho old moral maxim—“To steal a pin Is as great a sin,” etc.—applies to this subject with us much force us to mtv other overy-duy busi ness event. Tbo custodian of department-prop erty lu the Treasury dealing uut articles paid for by tbo Government to employes as gilts was u moral leper polsenlug nil with whom bo came In vuntaet. lie was laying tbo foundations for great frauds Involving millions of the public revenue. 110 was offering n premium uu ras cality: for where It Is the rule to accent gifts nt tho hands of a man who is disposing of property which does not belong to bun, ho who declines tho proffered bounty ts regarded with suspicion. It duel net. oven now, seem possible that Mr. Hhermuu could have lent himself knowingly to this disgraceful system of corrupting tho pnbllo service. 1 sincerely hope be will bo ..blu to show conclusively that bo has boon gruddy slandered. Vimmcx. The Vcmolhioii ve, The People. 'ib IA» H'lllor at 'I'M Chicago Ithuiifc CmcAno, Nov. 11.—lu im editorial of Tub TitmaNt: of Nov, ID ft It stated that the tug and vessobownora are organism? to ttgbt that Im* portual (|rUlimiuo of the ony wblob requires tbe bridges to be cloned for ud boor each uiuru* tog aod oveutug, and that tbla opposition la •• un» reasonable, seltlsb beyond degree, and menu spirited.” As one Interested lu vessels I dwdro to say that your imputations are unjust. Wbat tbs veMßlmuu Uoslro and propose I. rights respectively or the city aim or ml. 1 th » shall ho dually determined. hellevinu ' bout Interests of budi imrilcs win i,7,, l,tl « thereby. Tito viMsaUnieresi is not ot.ii?!' nntl> ' l the fuel that dioyand their Inienuq.' nlono to bo consulted, imt cun m>u no . ar ',' fl " 1 win why they should ho injured mini.™ rt ' 11 ' That they are Bclllsh, unreasoimhu. spirited In lUoIr propo.wj notion I, not h, by tho foots, and I cannot believe that™ o*’ 0 *’" 1 Journal nn Tim TniniMß wool,! make I!'! 11 statement upon duo consideration. Uc " * Wbaturo tho facts? On llio (inoillon or rnlrnc,., Imt*™,, lion, mj-lnit nolltlnir or kwni rlithi,, | C . . at It: “ s wk Tho ordlnaucoß require oil briit™. . closedono hour In tho morning to I* •vrnlng. I, tlioro nor tit-oil ,ir ™, K" «» lowlmrtbnt a portion of the brldm-V L,* ’. ,l * closed? Docs the piddle kV? I1 * u V ~,J lo Unit nil tho bridges on tho North Urm.?h 1 e L nal| J remain closed for n l ull hour 2 Then, u S|,U “U iy no such necessity hi tho <>usc or tho e. , . ,Qln ‘ Indlnnii Ntrccl hrid)ms. Why U'L 1 , 1 e ,t* rk *M road bridges on Kln/.10 and at Slxh-<-i!thV! r<ll, or Iho Kln/.10 street bridge proper ioiV.i’i„ r .^ l ‘- for n full hour? Would not liitcmiunr*. tlftcon minutes on-over nil die piirnosp» ~r, who uso those bridges fur enlsiS \vfc ,b,N « Iho great nocesally lor eloiing air ti.« fc’ H Huittii of Van Huron street inra r,i ®, ri,| *M each end of die day? As It now stuiid* o’ ,|f . at Is up tho Houlh Itraneh above Huh .j tho bridges nro so low that B n o <l ' n « got down tho river, hut nuist m uv W until tho hour expires if tlion«* U V 6 ** l a soul to use the bridge or ‘. 01 to cross It. If she could get past the low mm* B ’ B tho lug might make her wav uncß lo tho luku. mid prolltaldy oenmv h?.2.i 8 and economize her expenses, in plan-nf » n * compelled to Inaction, Certainly m Ull ,oW gard the ordlnmico Is iinrousnindiiu unii tini.Vl to dm dig interest In demandingnlM «« IgnUon snail come to an und during ii“im« h, whonaurolltuhlo ponton of the (it c•rf l |,l?l ,, Riven tliom mineral Injury i* inrmt. Wuultl It rail quite it, well ,ii-cnnimjjl!: the elnm wlm uro ixnlnjf In non Irani ihi-ir m.Vi, If llio DrlUuus wore chuml (nr lllltoi, minutes, or oven halt an hour daring ih« fi. y when that class of people most net® Shi S' pedltlous In their movements? utt »* The real question. In atl fulrness Is. h, nw «.» the bridges bo opened and closed sohsp U:.? tho least damage to any, and tho giWteo iL.' etlt In nil of tho Interests nl tho eliv ns a wtuni Certainly tho enforced closing or ,ki | )r J/‘ 0 ' for an hour tat a time (sun umiceessarysninn reasonable lux upon that portion of tho i.iu nJJ! of Chicago connected with Its commerce wan out n corresponding hunellli to other la, thon, tho onUnanco requiring it rrn«.np. i. and Just ? Wo say not, and' It Is nei. "vK« nllll assert that dm Interest which Is Injured » It is unruusoniibly solll-h beyond degree ani mean-spirited In duimimllng that u cham» Bbould be Inaugurated ? ** It Ik acknowledged that tho rapid growth mm extension of tho city demand-* greater fuellii h of communication between Itsdlirurent »eciim. hut this should not bo sought In tho entmiina Z destruction of that branch of bnslneii tam mcrcc, which Is In fact one of tho nm-n poiniL If not tho prime factor of the city's dbvi>i<m incut. Uuw shall it bu done? Common would answer, by multiplying tho ehantirls oi communlcaUon. This caiiii(it.be done ibreusD Increasing tbo iiumucr of budges, and wehm« left only tbo resource of tunnels, or tbaia tbero Bbould bu not less than two for teams snJ three for fool passengers between iaiko street and tho mouth of tbs river, and us an Immediate necessity one more for ■ teams and two fur foot passengers across tbo Smith llram-li. do. pononts will say Umt tho city has net tho money to build those. Then she must obtain it. .Vo ono will assort that this cannot bednne, umlli all tho elements which contribute to hergrmnt and advancement are lo bo lostcred sad pa-. Hervml, It nniNt bu dono speedily, mid while tan Is hi progress It Is the bight of follv tui rlpp!# any industry to nn undue or umiucesniry extem. Tho tug mid vessel inteivst will not bo foun l I'aclloiiK. sclllsh.orum cnsoimblo in its demands and will Hike Its reasonable slnuoef the uni voidable Inconvenience to which all muu be subjected, but It can scarcely lit? asked of tbera Unit they should allow tbomselves to be victim- Izcd or unnecessarily oppressed for ibe public good. if It be m-ccsinry to close certain bridges for more (ban tun minutes 'at any tiuio to accum niodnto tho laboring olusse*, cannot this In done nt fixed hours for tlftcvn or twenty min utes morning and evening without ohisiDxeiu-b ns have no oxtntpfdiimry demands npun them, and which tbo vessol Interest can inakn proilia blouse of? It Is against mi arbitrary, npiim slve, and selllsh view of this question as iippllol ’ to tbomselves that the vessel and tug itacita propose to take huimn, and they will rvnmla content xvltb such un adjustment of tho filia tion as shall be .oipiltabiu and Just to otocn n well os thomsolv'es.'': • Vkshri. Istkuest. wrouxD. VEGETABLE CO MRS. c a Q C • ra yff E /Mrues LYDIA E. PIWKHAM'B | ; VBSBTABLB COMTOBMP.. I la a Pogltivo Caro Mr all ttoiaPalalkl CompUlow J aocomtnon toourhcet fewnlo populatw* Itwtllcura entirely the wont forniuf:l«e“J ■"* plaints, all ovarian troabl«, Inflammation and vwr* tJoa, Foiling and Waplaceiiieat*, and It® coai*q«« Bplaal Weakness, and It particularly adapted w w C lt^STland rip»\ turner® from th* D, *^* ,a an early ilagoof dovelonncnt. tendency eeroua humors there la cheeked TfryfpecdllyVr i It removes falnlneee, flatulency. dertroyeoU «•«* for atlmulanta, and relieves weakncea It cum Bloating, Headache., Kareooi froitnjj. General Debility, fllooplee*nc«, Depreul-n and ia«- feeling cf bearing down, enuring and backache, la always permanently cured tr It will at all times and under all cin-umitan«i*rtt» bannony with tbolawathat govern For the core of Kidney Complaint, of either m Compound la unaurpntacd. roM» ITDIA E. PIXKIIAH’S ATBCTABW <M» POUND i. pr.p.t,a ottn nod *a lyllll i Ljilii.lluj. Prtco,l. »l,botlwfor,l In Uw fora of pUD, «l*o Inlli. fora 0,1 “ SJi, neolpt of prlco, «1 P«rbo« for cUtor. fraljuimoriOlWunof loqulip. Iw let, Addraaa aa above. Xmtlon thii JVi*** »ofamily rtwmld bo wIUaaabUTDIAB. UV£U VUJA They euro courtlpallon, t»uwu»*»-v and torpidity of (bolivar, a cent* (*t bo*. FOB BAT,H 11V AX y TtigTTQlllßTßt_ cjwta Oil ijfXijiiiXT’ The World’s Groat Healing Remedy. ciiocoi-A'i'i- GOLD MEDAL, PARIS, I® 7B, BAKER’S Tanilla Giiocolaie, Iko nil our cljocjWMi *• mnlwilU tlu* «•"* 0n.1.U ofo»uj.crlor‘l iaU J |ll| cocoa nnJ nugar, jp» luro vaullla Irau. rtuk or cnteo dry • kl zs-j&'ZSZ” BoMbr U'“’"'"'TcO \y, BAKES jjvr<h**t* r » M* 9 **