Newspaper Page Text
FOREST TREEI PLANTING. -As Effort to Promote It Anion:; Farmers and Landowners. The division of forestry of the Unit ad States department of agriculture through a recent circular offers prte tical and personal assistance to farm ers and others in establishing fore:at plantations, wood lots, shelter belts and wind breaks. Applications for thel conditions of such assistance should be made to Glfford Pinchot, forester, Washington, D. C. The design of this undertaking is to aid farmers and oth er landowners in the treeless region of the west and wherever It is desirable to establish forest plantation. In the very interesting explanatory circular, No 22, Mr. Pinchot touches upon vari ous aspects of forestry. Tree culture In regions formerly treeless, he says, is dependent largely upon agriculture. Wherever large areas of land have been brought under cultivation the growing of trees is yearly becoming more successful. Nearly every state of the plains region has, among many failures, some admirable examples of plantations of a I INTERIOR OF MIXED PLANTATION. all ages, from 1 to 25 or more years, which have been in every way success ful. The success of these plantations, when compared with the more numer ous failures, proves the great need for practical experience, combined with wide and accurate knowledge, in grow ing forest trees In the west. The forest plantation at the Agricul tural college, Brookings, S. D., of which an interior view is given in the first cut, Illustrates what may be ac complished in a few years on the open prairies of that state. This is a mixed plantation, 12 years old, of birch, black cherry, green ash and white elm. The second cut shows a typical view of a young forest plantation two years after planting. The plot on the left is a mixed planting of box elder, oak, I white elm, green ash and black lo cust. The plot on the right is set to Russian mulberry, oak, white elm, black locust, honey locust, green ash and box elder. This plantation is at Logan, Utah. C It is not reasonable to suppose that forest tree culture can be made a direct t source of great financial profit in the arid regions, but if it cannot bring in important sums it can save the farmer r very considerable expenditures by sup plying material which he would other- c wise have to buy. The indirect value, 1 too, of well established groves, wood ' lots, shelter belts and wind breaks in n the protection which they afford is of 6 the first importance. Such plantations, a in addition to being of direct use for t fuel, fence posts and material for many miscellaneous farm uses, are Invalu able in providing protection for crops, orchards, stock and farm buildings. One of the most Important Indirect p services of forest plantations, and one rarely taken into consideration, is the increased market value of a well wood ed farm on the prairie lands of the west over one without timber. Conserv ative estimates made on the ground indicate that the farms of eastern and central Kansas and Nebraska that have well developed plantations of for est trees upon them, either in the form of wood lots, shelter belts or wind breaks, are worth more per acre than farms without them. In nearly the whole of the broad ( prairie belt extendling from the wood ed regions to longitude 100 degrees west and reaching from North l)a kota to Texas trees may be grown with varying success. In tile west ern border of the wooded area P1 nearly all the species may be it grown which are indigenous to the si adjacent woodlands. Farther west the range in selection becomes more and la more restricted until the western limit ft ated lands is reached. w Many of the wornout farms in humid reglons aay be brought back, to their dc eorglal tertility by growing forest bt --utlpob, them for a series of years, th . ev many of them contain land p 5e to the production of woodt s other -rpose. Such land w you b eln cleared. It is w l"true 'that throughout the ue wornout farm eu revert to their pre- in it Lgoteets4 fropn Ire sp FERTILIZING WHEAT. emasplete Pertliller Versos Aeld Phosphate and Clover. The marked effect on tihe groiwth of the wheat plant which is suailly onh served after the npllpi at ion .' fi'trt!h. :: era carrying soluble piltltuIlle. a1t..1 such as acid plhosplla;te tr dissolved boneblack, together with the low pr t, at which plain acid pLlosphitts an I bought, as cotared \\ilth ftortihlat.v'. containing nitrogen and ipotash, have led many farmers to the use of th,: material alone, believing that they e.a, supply suftlelent nitrogen by gr\lting clover and that potash is not neededti. On these points the field tests of the Ohio experiment station are beginning I to offer useful suggestions. Since 1893 the station has conductted two series of experiments on the light. somewhat sandy clay soil of Its central farm at Wooster. In these oxperiments fertilizers of various composition hatve been used on crops grown in rotation, the rotation consisting in the one series of corn, oats and wheat qne year each. followed by clover and timothy two years, and In the other of potatoes, wheat and clover one year each. Since 1800 both these tests have been duplll cated on the heavy, white clay of the northeastern substation in Cuyahoga county. In every case the substitution of tankage for part of the acid phos phate has produced a large gain In tlthe increase of the wheat crop, the average being a gain per acre of 8.78 bushels for the complete fertilizer over the acid phosphate alone. At $15 per ton for acid phosphate. $10 for tankage and 2 1 cents per pound for muriate of potash, these be. ing the prices actually paid for the fer. tilizers used in these experiments, In eluding freight, we have reaped in the average 3.78 bushels increase of crop for 65 cedts additional cost. This, how ever, is only part of the gain, as the corn and oats crops, preceding the t wheat, are showing a large gain in fa vor of the complete fertilizer, as do also the bay crops following. t It appears, therefore, that the clover is not furnishing sufficient nitrogen to meet the demands of a full crop and that it is more economical to use a fer tilizer containing a small percentage of nitrogen (ammonia), even though the cost be somewhat increased, than to use one which carries only phosphoric acid. Keeping the Land Covered. Nitrification, or the forming of solute nitrates, goes on most rapidly in latter part of summer and during autumn. Unfortunately it is during the same period that the growth of summer plants declines and they absorb less and less of these soluble nitrates. The result Is that these valuable nitrates are very apt to be leached out of the soil and be lost. To counteract this great loss all land possible sJould be covered with some crop which will grow through autumn, winter and spring, absorb these soluble nitrates and hold them for the future cropse. Fall sown small grains, grasses and clover will do this, but land intended for corn and cotton the next year is too often left bare. This should never be, when it can be avoided. These summer crops very generally need ap plications of nitrogen. Now these can be given by seeding down the land in crimson or German clover and turning it under in early spring. Such a crop will preserve from waste the soluble nitrates developed In the soil in late summer and autumn and also add the nitrogen which it appropqlates from the atmosphere. It is a case of killing two birds with one stone, says South ern Cultivator. Apple Pasker or Press. A correspondent sends to the Ohio Farmer a drawing of an apple packer, made by a home blacksmith, which is A BARREL PREBB. patterned very much after those in use in localities where apples are exten sively grown, packed and shipped. Fig. A shows its construction and B a barrel with the head pressed in ready for driving the hoops down. One Thlng and Another. In feeding hogs at the Kansas sta tion, Kaffir corn, skimmilk and alfalfa pasture in combination gave greater live weight than Kaffir corn alone, or Kaftir corn with skimmilk, or Kaffir torn with alfalfa pasture. As the farmers of the plains come t. recognise more fully the great indirect as well as direct value of forest plan tations, wood lots, shelter belts and wind breaks, scattered over the agrl. cultural treeless regions, and undertake to grow them in greater numbers, even itf individual plantations are small in extent, the total result will be of vast Importance In the development of they west. Evaporating sorghum juice is best done as shallow as possible without burning. It should be done quickly, and the sirup should be cooled as soon as possible. With well clarified Juice godd itrup can be made In a plain pan, which may be removed from the fire when the slrup is finished. Autumn plowing, which buries the iggs and compacts the ground so the Insects cannot reach the surface in' the Ipring, has been pronounced the most practicable remedy for grasshoppers. KILLED BY A BEAK ,BLOW. I The Loon Is a Damaneroum Bird With Which to Settle. The loon, or great northern diver, II a powerful bird. The following in. stance of one of themn conquering a man happened ia few years ago: A young Mlemae Indian, living at Grand Lake, N. S., wanted to get the skin of one of these beautiful birds to present to his mlstress on her birth day. One day the youth, who was an adopt at imitating the peculiar sobbing cry of the loon, suceeeded in calling a bird within shooting distance, His shot, however, failed to kill outright, and the bird, although so severely wound ed that it could neither swim nor dive, yet retained sufficient life and strength to remain upright in the water. The boy, thinking that hls game did not need another shot, swamin out to re trieve it, but when he approached near enough to seize the bird it suddenly made a dash at him, sending its head andt neck out with a spring like an ar row from a bow. It was only by a quick duck of his head that the Indian succeeded in evading the blow. HIe swam about the loon several times, at tempting to dash in and seize him by the neck, but the wary bird succeeded in foiling each effort by continually facing him and lunging out with his powerful neck. The Indian then swam up to within a few feet of the bird and, diving under him with considerable skill, caught him by the legs. He carried him un der, and, although the bird struggled fiercely, managed to retain his hold. But when they both rose to the sur face again a battle royal began, the Indian seeking to carry his prize ashore and the bird attempting to re gain hIs freedom. The bird, however, was too,mnuch for his foe and before the Indian had covered a yard on his shore bound course disabled him with a vicious blow from his beak full on the naked chest. The effect of the blow was almost In, stantaneously fatal, for the beak peno. trated close to the Indian's heart.- Youth's Companion. STORY OF NOSES. Why Renowned Generals Had a Na sal Organ of Roman Type. The features are developed by the mind. A child that is reared amid pleasant surroundings and whose mind is tilled with pleasant thoughts, will have a pleasing face. The shape of the nose and chin will depend entirely upon the strength and character of the mental faculties. At 10 a boy's nose may be small and turned up at the end, at 15 it may have grown larger and be straight and at 25 it may be pronounced Roman. It all de* pends upon his mind. The Romans had big noses with high bridges because they were a steady and determined race of people. Sturdi ness and determination will give a man a Roman nose, no matter how little or how snubby his proboscis may have been when he was born. The Greeks had straight, delicate, finely chiseled noses because their tastes are artistic and poetic. You never saw a poet or an artist with a Roman or snub nose, did you? On the other hand, it would be hard to find a great general who had not a Roman nose. Get pictures of Alexan der the Great, Napoleon, Wellington, Washington or Grant and see itf they have not all got big, strong noses of the Romanesque type. Yet it is quite safe to say that if we could have por traits of all these personages, taken in infancy, we would find their olfactory organs little pudgy affairs, like those of the common run of babies. These men were not great generals because they had Roman noses; they had Ro man noses because they were great generals.-San Francisco Bulletin. A Reliable Cowcatoher. By this whimsical incident the Chi cago News reminds us that in real litf as well as in the dictionary words have more than one meaning: "Pardon me," said the tourist as he gazed at the country's first locomotive "but why is that lasso hanging under the smokestack t" "That," responded Amber Pete, act Ing engineer, "is the cowcatcher. That was an iron concern that came with the engine, but the boys didn't exactly understand how it could catch a cow, so they unscrewed it and put on one that they knew something about. It's the best cowcatcher this side of Den ver too." Him Present Fad. "You don't seem to be buying many rare books nowadays," said Perkins to Jimpsonberry. "Got tired of collect Ing'?" "No," replied Jimpsonberry. "Chang ed my hobby, that's all. My boys have grown some in the past seven or eight years, and I've taken up the fad of col lecting derby hats and trousers and shoes and other things of that kind. I have a splendid collection of school bills, too. I'd like to show you."-Har per's Bazar. A Man of Means. "Mamma," said little Ethel, "papa must be just awfully rich." "Why do you think that, my child?" "I heard him tell grandma that he was going to buy Boston and Albany today."-Brooklyn Life. A fly so minute as. to be almost in visible ran three inches in a half sec ond and was calculated to make no less than 510 steps in the time a healthy man would *take to breathe once. A man with proportionate agili ty could run 24 miles in a minute. Originally clocks had only the hour hand, but the minute was added later, as it became fashionable to make the dilas as decorative as possible. aurmourlnaW a Dfoaulty. A busy gover ament clerk hurried In to an avenue pie foundry during the halt hour allowed the department em ployees for luncheon. There were many little tables about, and each one was attended to by an ebon hued servitor, who floated back and forth from a long counter that acted as a sort of a coaling station, laden with apple dumplings, deviled crabs, tripe and oysters and othier similar daluties so famillnr to the ordinary lunchroom. "Bring me a sandwich and a glass of milk." called the busy goverlnment man. The negro bolted away and quickly returned with the desired food and drink. The clerk stowed away the leaden sandwich and tlonted it with the lacteal fluid. "My check, in a hurry;!" he shouted to the darky. The walter pulled forth pad and pencil and Ih.cgau to laborious ly inscribe weird chlrnltcters on the paper. Twice did he seemingly finish the writing when he would stop, look at the result and tear up the bit of pa per. At the third attempt the cus tomer called .again Impatiently for tile bill of damage. The negro made a final effort and handed the clerk the check. on which was written, "One piece pie, one milk." "Here," said the young man as he looked at the slip of paper, "I didn't order pie." "I know, boss," replied'the abashed servant, "but pie and a sandwich costs jes' the same, an I can't spell sand wlch."--Washington Post. Answered IIIn Own Letter. A certain young railroad man who has charge of a department in the auditing branch of his company's bus-i ness had ocension recently to dictate it letter to tile head of a corresponding department of another road. There was a point in dlispute between tlhe two railroads Involving money, and this young official had taken a stub born ground that the other official was totally at fault and advanced what seemned to him unanswerable argu manfo fn nn.,..., id A short time after he had forwarded the letter he received a proposition from headquarters of the other rail road, which he accepted, and within a few days he became the head of the department with which he had been in e dispute. The first letter which he found d on file ready to be answered was his own on the point in question. There was only one thing to do. He ,t immediately dictated an answer to his y own letter, refuting and repudiating e its argument, and wound up by a heat. ed insinuation that the writer of it was an unmitigated donkey. Of course, the e letter was addressed to himself, but In 6 his enthusiasm for the interests of his new employer he did not mind a little thing like that.-Chicago News. re Was Too Smart. He was the only man at the table full of lovely girls, and, like all only r men, he was spoiled. So when the belle of the table remarked that she was very fond of pepper and then sift I ed hatlf the contents of the pepper box over her food he sprang an old gag r n her. "It won't hurt you. This pepper is half peas." "What is that you say?" asked the landlady from the next table. "Speak a little louder, please." He reiterated his remark. "That isn't true," retorted the land lady hotly. "I do not use adulterated goods on my table." "My dear madam," said the bland Joker, "there are always a lot of p's in pepper." There was an impressive pause, then the landllady said in a crushing voice: "Oh, yes, Just as you always furnish* part of the dessert." "I don't understand." "The chestnuts."-London Standard. Reaches Back to Adam. The emperor of Japan Is entitled to be considered the most aristocratic ruler on earth. The royal family of Japan has a genealogical tree which reaches to Adam. There have been 121 emperors of Japan, and they all belong to this family. The first one governed Japan just about 2,500 years ago. He was on the throne 300 years before Alexander the Great thought he had conquered the world. The Japa nese have the history of all of their emperors from that time down to this and they assure you that the mikado is at lineal descendant of the first em. poror. Then There Was Trouble. A well dressed, ladylike looking wo man entered a car the other day with her little boy of about ( years of age. On the conductor coming to collect the fares the lady handed her little son a quarter, he being nearer the door. The little follow examined the coin careful. ly and then gave it to the conductor. Scarcely had the man returned the change than the youngstet' clapped his hands and, looking at his mother, ex claimed triumphantly: "Mamma, mamma, he has taken the bad quarter!" Why Are All Widows "COharminst'' ZiNow, I should like to ask you why men always speak of a widow as a 'charming widow,'" said a pretty Kirkwood girl. "There is a young widow at Kirkwood, and I am tree to admit that she is charming, but she isn't any more charming than a dozen -:yes, than at least 80--Klrkwood girls whom I could mention, and yet I have never heard a man refer to her except as the 'charming widow.' "-St. Louis Globe-Democrat. Ruinous In HRi Business. Optician-I've been swindled with a counterfeit $20 bank note. Great Detective-Go home and sea nothing. Your business will be ruined It it beoomes known that you can't see better than that.-Jeweler' We.kly. Wholesale Dealer in # ¶wait Agency for WINES al, Blz's MIL!AIZKEE LIQUORS LAGI BEER Keg and Bottled --AND- -ALSO CIGARS SWhite Rock ximnl Watr "ZLLT"O-lq'S, - - v '.NT :La DO YOU KNOW THAT. The Gazette Job Department Turns out a better class of work than any other printing establishment in the Yellow stone valley ............... We are prepared to do any class of printing on short notice......... ............ We employ only first-class workmen, and consequently can guarantee.............. FIRST-CLASS WORK CHICAGO IEW SHORT LINE 'OM OMAHA AND ?'USET SOUIIND H. B. SEGUR, GENERAL AGENT, BILLINGS MONT