The Anaconda standard. [volume], March 27, 1898, Morning, Page 18, Image 18

About The Anaconda standard. [volume] (Anaconda, Mont.) 1889-1970

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RORR1J OF LIBERTYLL
" B WOlRF Cie IM6i@eWO4D.e
aes Imalet"" was the
h dir eenemponuleuc
ýesIe. It slaressed him
w weu tamt ewei from has
-g ta tham taldiguattee and coa*
eat them b t eloqescee. etrre
. elmedty s he uttered them:
be R twsre bee. esceedlsagy
S ln m . rly eerue That
L a as saerrtate experience.
Sabat Iouht the Moors for
e se hmade er eight huadred
a d dlmlaU that time t'atholl
sa atriot.m becase synony
wY Thwe were Lgtingl the Moe
It was a religious war. onr
-a.oe th.e beasme Intense n their
• d sad they were tearful
g AI theyr aeld great the least con
to to he Moor God would destroy
Their dea was that the only
"e to secure Divine aid was to have
K 7
Damien Being Torn to Pieces.
aMute faith, and this faith was
ýLrmd by their hatred of all ideas in
onsistent with their own.
"Spain has been and is the victim of
earstition. The Spaniards expelled
th Jews, who at that time represented
a good deal of wealth and considerable
lntelligence. This expulsion was char
mIterlued by infinite brutality and by
Ities that words cannot express.
drove out the Moors at last. Not
Satisfied with this. they drove out the
3Mrhscoes. These were Moors who had
been converted to Catholicism.
"The Spaniards. however. had no con
Mence in the honesty of the conver
abon and for the purpose of gaining
the good will of their (od they droe,
them out. They had succeeded in get -
t1ag rid of Jews, Moors and Moriscoes:
that is to say, of the intelligence and
lndustry of Spain. Nothing was left
lbt Spanlards; that is to say. Indolence,
pride, cruelty and infinite superstition.
eo Spain destroyed all freedom of
tlughebt through the inquisition, and
be many years the sky was livid with
foe fames of the auto-da-fe; Spain
was busy carrying fagots to the feet
et philosophy, busy in burning people
thinklng, for investigation, for ex
ag honest opinions. The result
that a great darkness settled over I
WHY SPANIARDS ARE CRUEL
Starting With Bad Blood From Several Sources, They
Are Not to Pitied Because They Are Pitiless.
Shat the Spaniards are. as a race. ec
lrlk land nottoriously cruel I shall
0 r granted. It is an opinion almost
eesally received. and with most peo
lqs argument would be superfluous. The
4stl of real Interest Is. what ham
i s them so? For mature Is never ar
;y: mot even the seemingly wilful
t.itwmo of seen are without cause.
Stts aM of Spain some of the causes
(l veey far back: they began their
Ib almost before the dawn of history
eI might expect from the dogged
I llemacy of the traits developed. It is
.'.j1 "
n a to D. t.
I II" "
besin a Ma oDah
'ALThe am
PIteaS
* 1am Ym
Spa.li pierced by no star and shone up
on by no rising sun.
"At one time Spain was the greatest
of powers, owner of hbait the world, and
now she huas only a few islands, the
small change of her great fortune, the
few pennles in the almost empty purse.
souvenirs of departed wealth, of van
labed greatness. Now Spain is bank
rupt, bankrupt not only in purse, but in
the higher faculttes of the mind, a na
tion without progress, without thought;
still devoted to bull fights and super
stition. still trying to affright conta
gious diseases by religious processlona.
Spainla is a part of the mediaeval ages.
belongs to an ancient generation. It
really has no place in the ninetcenth
century.
S"pain has always been cruel. S. R.
Prentice. many years ago. speaking of
Spain. said: 'O)n the shore of discovery
It leaped an armed robber, and sought
for gold even in the throats of its
victims.' The bloodiest pages in the
history of this world have been written
by Spain. Spain in Peru. In Mexico.
Spain in the Low Countries-all possi
ble cruelties come back to the mind
when we say Philip 11.. when we say
the Duke of Alva. when we pronounce'
the names of Ferdinand and Isabella.
Spain has inflicted every torture, has
practiced every cruelty, has been rullty
of every possible outrage. There hasl
been no break between Torquemada
and Weyler, between the Inquisition
and the Infamies committed in Cuba.
"When Columbus found Cuba. the i
original inhabitants were the kindest
and gentlest of people. They practiced
no inhuman rites. they wetre good, con
tented people. The Spaniards enslaved
them or sought to enslave them. The
people rising, they were hunted with
dogs, they were tortured, they were
murdered, and finally exterminated.
This was the commenltement of S.,ttani'
rule on the island of C'uba. The same.
spirit is in Spain to-day that was in
Spain then. The idea is not to concill
ate but to coerce. not to treat jul tly buitt
to tub and enslave. No, Sipalniardl
regards a ('uban as having equal rights
\with himself. He looks upon the island
as property, and upon the people as a
part of that property, both equally be
longing to Spain.
"Spain has kept IIn promi," Imad:,I to,
the ('ubans, anti never \\ ill At last
the Cubans know exactly a nt ,4lSpain
Ss. and they have made ulp their milnds
toe be free eor to bei. exterminated. There.
'is nothing ill history eqstual toe the
atrocities and outrages that have, beetn
perpetrated by Spain utlin c'uba. Whut
Spain is all know as only a rep'etltienl
of what Spain has done. only a pIrolh.
ecy of what Spain will do it it has the
power.
"As far as I am concerned, I ha;ve no
idea that there is to be any war
between Spain and the United States.
A country that can't conquer Cuba cer
That the Plloenic.Lan-perhatp, the.
most atro(tously cruel of the la.es of
antiquity-gained a foothold in itpatn inI
almost prehistorkt time. may he passrt d
by with mere mention. Theei are the pee.e
pie who gave its name to Cadiz. and who
in the height of their alleged clvilisation
fed Moloch with human a.rlliees. We\\'
know ton little of the exteent of their In
fluence--probably quite limited-to at
tempt to measure it. but what'ever it
amounted to it was morally perncl.ioue.
That Intercourse with the Phoenic.lnal
did, after all, have uonsiderable effect on
dthe hI a msaM6 Iberian character. I
Stety usgestae by the ease with
Wrah the Carthagnlans subsequently
attalm a dienaat Influence In oan.
fhb was praet1oally the same thing. for
thMe w Iav.ers were an offshoot of
the sAme evP stol. They were about as
smeettul as ear Asericae Iaians-every
e a is fadlat with the story oft oor
lgue-a'4 "Puwa faith' was a by
.4 e Carthagalaas everran most
_ atry, add we knew that their
enommurag4 atem~arres be
at Yatives. Very WPOpLar
tainl)y ha no flattering chance of over
whelming the United States. Of course.
there is some wisdom even in Spain.
and the Spialarda who know anything
of this coe.try know that it would be
absolute madness and the utmost folly
to attack us. I believe in treating even
Spaln with perfect fairness. I feel
about that country as Burns did about
the devil: '0, wad ye tak' a thought
an' mend!' I know that nations, like
people, do as they must. and I regard
Spain as the victim and result of con
ditions,. the fruit of a tree that was
planted by ignorance and watered by
superstition.
"I believe that Cuba is to be free, and
I want that island to give a new flag
to the air, whether It ever becomes a
part of the lUnlted States or not. My
sympathies are all with those who are
struggling for their rights, trying to
get the clutch of tyranny from their
throats; for those who are defending
their homes, their firesides, against
tyrants and robbers.
.Whether the Maine was blown up
by the Spaniards Is still a question. I
suppose it will soon be decided. In In)
own opinion, the disaster came from
the outside, but I do not know, and not
knowing. am willing to wait for the
sake of human nature. I sincerely hope
that it was an accident. I hate to think
that there are people base and cruel
enough to commit such an act. Still
I think that all these matters will be
settled without war.
"1 ant in favor of an international
court. the members to he elrected by
the I'ulnlg nations of the world; and
tb,-fre thli c(ourt I think all questions
blietweenlI nalttins should hb idec-lded. arld
tit. o.l1y uiilry and the only navy ahuld
i b" utnltr its direction, andl used only
f,,r Itw purpI oa", n ,r cf ll'., nt llg its d.(
r . o' re Ihr.'t stucl a ollurt nrl\.t
I';,' \\"r" Il (h l ll)l 'tfibs eou ilt a ,pl l' :ere nut
I, II the stti tf her r, g-, .f i the
,nurl I Is, th ." : l snll llll tilnll: ., th, llt 'el ,tI- l
cry, the rstuavlngs, the c.ru. ity, I think
l;lthat the decisLon would instantly be " is
i.-ir favor. and that lp,"in ,would lie
div.n frnom the island. UIntil there is
-inch ; curt there is no, neced ,of talking
iliout the hwo rld btinL, ivi\llzedl.
I ant not a 'hris tin. but I 41. Ii,
lieve in tlh'. reIliglin of Justi0.-. of kind
niiiss. I bIe l\ieve In hlumanlty. I do be
lIh \-eh Ihltt usefulnesst is the hlghest p,.i
slhe f inllt otf ,,trshipi. The useful man
is the good iLanL. the useful main Is the
r'lal sainttlt. I care nothingK about super
natural tmyths andi mysteries, hbut I do,
iiarne for humain beings. I have a little
Ssnort cr.eed of mnyv tit n. not very hard
to understan1i, that ihas in it no con
tradictionsn uand It is tlhis: "happiness
is the only goodi. The time to be happy
is now. The place to hbe happy iL here.
The wa:y toi t) happy is to make others
soi.' I think this creed. If adolpted.
\ itoul do anavy wIth war. 1 think It
for ai time we-re the Carthaglnians In
Spai-the -IeI iiited tityi of te lever-ness
and manhioodl. "ew tracc, of their blood
probiuaihly remanin, but it was it had start.
The clay was .till soft and their example
was poteint. Like mast- r. like itn. '
Then rime the Romans. with a yet
more mistearful dominlon. that listed for
centuri*.i |lt-i there was il pol isionll i
Ithe blol,.l. but again the examinlple was
lhneful. HRome' miethod of dealilg with
subj I lt provlnces. which Spain Ii arned
hy hltter experhknee, she seems to have
I adoplted ta a model for all time. Every.
si-hool iby has read of the r:pacit.ly and
nrroginne aind inllhumanity of the. Roman
governors. who regarded pronunc"als as
merely ,a sourcei of retvenue. with no
rights that a lordly Roman need respect.
These nlltins seem to have fallen onl ;
singularly fertlle soil. and unlucky Cuba:
Is to-day reaping the fruits of Spain's
Human traiilnlng. Ni mastlrs are so In
tolerable .is those whot have learned the
trick if tI\rlllni in liti- sichool of servl
t ude.
Aiid still Ithe iourriluiiion of blood went
in. If $ialn hald l tbeen ade tlie worlld'.
pe-nal cohltony she . uuld siarticely hale
fa-red worse. After the RIomans came the
Vandals. whose name has b. comei a syno
ni\me folr brutal t.estrutivenM s. and
Iilose It their heels. thie Visigoths. of
whim ia .,relebrted aiuthority hals ide.
ihlared that toi them "may be tra,.ed alI
the maxims of the nmodern Inquisition."
Evenk this was not enoiugh. The dlls
tractIed country-a-s yet It ,could hardly be
calIled a1 nation-was niext overrunl by a
horde of Moons from Africa. bringilng an
allen and fanatinc creed to be u-nfor-ced Iby
Ithei edge of the sword. Under this regitm
thel 8Slplnlsh C'hristilanls soon betcame etven
more intolerant than their Moslem con
qtueroirs. The, ferocious racial and relg-.
Ious strife which ensued lasted for the
major lpart of a millennium before it re.
ie-ulvecd Its tlnlal quietus by the expulsion
of the Moors, and probably had more to
do with making Spanish character what
it now Is than all that had gone before.
In such a conflit. almost of ne,,csslty,
piety became bigotry. patriottsm but an
other name for cruelty and lyalty to
friends synonymous to treachery ti tovi..
Such condltIons have. of course. from
time to time risen .lse.where. but rarely
have they been so prolonged or , atcuti-.
Out of this fiery ordeal-too often lit
orally exempllfed on the cringing lesh- I
Spain emerged with )lat one eommeda
ble quality. The Spaniard had become a
fierce fighter. whether ln private broil or
open battle-anad thIs s.-at for fighting
even at desperate odds. he has retained.
It is a fact not to be forgotten nor ig
nored.
For a reason this prows.e and ferecity
In war made Spaln one of the foremost
nations of Europe. though In almost r- -
erything else one of the most backward
a few brillant instances to the contrary t
notwithstanding. Her boasted art was a I
flord foreignl importaton. Her literature
Is bombastic In style and full of the men- I
dacity and exaggeration which seem to
chbracterlse i pas o thought. For the
woeld destroy a~pgrltlon. sad I thiLk
it would iew*lse Spain.
"While my QU lthles are all with
Cuba. and while have been aaou s
that the United atesm shoMuld a wl*
edge the ladepeas.-ee of Cube, etUl I
am wilUig to admit that Presldent Mc
Kinley knows more about this matter
than I do, and I think that probably
he has many facts In his poesseeeso of
which I know nothing. Now I am st
lfaied that he is a brave and patriotic
man. I am satisIed that he sympa
thises with all people struggling to be
free. and consequently I am willing to
wait. believing that the end will Jen
t tifl his course. At the same time I re
t member, and I hope the adminlstration
will not forlet. that the people of
America are with Cuba."
For some time I have suffered with
rheumatism and tried every Imagin
able remedy, without effect. Mr F.
0. 8. Wells advised me to try Chamber
laln's Pain Balm. telling me that it had
cured many cases of long standing like
mine. I have used four bottles and feel
I sure that one more bottle will make my
cure complete.-A. P. Konts. ,Claremore,
Ark. hold by druggists.
FIGHT FOR HER SAKE.
Pretty Long island Girl the (:ase at a
Bteedy seel.
Two young men fought a duel for the
favor of a pretty Long Island maiden
last week. but despite the fact that both
contestants were badly wounded the
young lady leclares she was not com
mitted to either rival. nor will she ex
press a preference betw-een them now
that they have given each other life-lung
scars for her sake.
The light was between C'harles Bohem
and Cllfford Rowley. The. lady in the case
is Miss laisy Dickerson, daughter of the
WVidow Dickerson. as she Is called in
Wading River. She is 18 years old, with a
well-rounded figure. big brown eyes, a
wealth of nut brown lair and rosy
cheeks.
Bohem Is a railroad man. Most of the
Wading River people hate railroad men.
They are regarded as newcomers and
outsiders. Rowley had held the highest
place in Miss Dalsy's affections prior to
the advent of Bohem. One day Bohem
saw Daisy and Rowley walking together.
lie followed them. Hot words followed
and Bohem was promised a broken head
if he was caught following them again.
Miss Daisy sobbed and insisted the men
shouldn't behave so. Later on the young
rivals met in Oosman's store. Arrange
ments for the duel were crude. Formali
ties were dispensed with. The challenge
was issued by Bohem and was written on
a postal card. It said that he would meet
his rival at daybreak in I.ou Warner's
woods; that he must come alone, and
that no matter what the result of the
duel no physician was to Ibe called.
Nuthing more was thought of the af
fair until the' young rivals for Miss
Daisy's affections were seen c.cming
from the woods.
Bohem's arm was broken land hung limp
at his side. His head wa.s hleeding from
the cuts made iy a club. tie wan other
w!se battered. Rowley was in a worse
plight. H"" had been Stahbb.d in se'veral
i ncs and weles covered with Ilood. Row
ley took ai club with him. believieng that
he ceould do hbetter execution with that
t'atlln with ;n) thing else. He' founed his I
inltagconist armed with a viclouss looking
homwe knife.
Miss I I.Ul) was comnrytely prostrated
w iiI n he' was intlorirencd of the duel. She
:.,Imlit'id that she tholught a great deal
of bi,,tih her adnmirers. but declared that
sh, a.s, n,'ver engaged to either of them.
After recovering from the shock she ex
press.ed a diesire to assist in atte nding to
tile injuli.t of both of them. but could
,nt Ic Illlleueced to express a oreference.
Miss I)lsy's mothier says the whole af
fair is it ridiculous exhibition. and insists
that her datughter shall not interfere.
How's Tiht?
We offer One Hundred Dllars Reward for an) n
ease ohf rat:rh that can not be ered by Hall sa
(.'tarrh Curctie
Fr.. I'HKNEY & ( O.. Props. Toledo, O.
We. the undersigned, have known I. J. Cheey f
goe tie last 15 years. and beholieve him aerfeietly
honurable in a I bulinei trsansaetioa asad ina.- t
sally able to carry out any obligations uad by
their fir ..e
WalTr a a'I'cx. Wholesale h gru lests. Toledo, O.
WmALlreo, KIt'As.A & MAsInx. W'holsle Diru ag.
I jts. Telce.,. (heim
Hll. Catsa rrh (ure is taken stesally. sacting
diree e' ucepon the bloed sad mtous suefaces of
tie s)rstem. rie 75;e per bottle, bold by all n
iertgaits Tertimoulnis fr-e. r
Hal's Famyily P11 s are the beet.
diseov ry iof Ame'ric shie is entitled to
small crdlt hbut the ingratitude with
which sihe rcq ltited thuse, who had served a
her anlc thee greedy sal'.ragety with which I
sh,. re i l ;iaed rulbed and robbed the ter
ritor the:l 'l acl'uire are quite her ewn. a
"',, (his eeriod. likewis.. belongs the In- 8
qpl .itioie Thie.in te opteinon of thei preo
cot ,atile.e, is ofteen seerleously misunder- p
etood. It wa.s not the outcome of hcr e
Ire.,.i. hett of her haracte.r: it was essen
tially Spanlih. True. ia rse'cution was neo
new thlng. Icn a arbaratou agee men are a
.or,. tee give a barbalrous interpretation a
te, their rellgion--cv,.c though it be the a
UecSpc'l of Pe,.aceP. fut tic" abominations of a
Intjustie and crutcelty practiced In fplin a
-wh.et her direc(ted agtsiet nfindels or r
ortre of eleyn ornlis, Wh Ws erwrds Brnt.
Torture of Geleyn eornelius, Who Was Afterwards Burnt.
J. we or heretile-reach an extreme hard
1 to. he paralleled elsewhere. and they
rarpisted and inte.nlined in an age of ia
lrcalingg enligh.t.nment until the whole
cirviie-d world stood aghast at them. And
while the horrors of the Inquisition were
the inevitable outcome of Spalbsh his
tory and Spanish character, the system
continually reacted to tooter the tralts
that had given it birth. Ue. while the
world advanced. Spain lagged besaud In
metlia.val darkness--and ima is stllU far
to the rear
That is the trouble ts-day. With Poe
niclan cruelty. and t'arthagalu la dapilc
ity. and Roman rrtugance. aid Vandal
aread. and Mo.lem Intolerance. pala be
longs to the dark ages-an atavls4e sur
vival. We look upon her with aiselmlent
as she sits in the tawdry re.mnsate of
EFFECTIVENESS OF TORP ES
Many of the Best Informed Assert That Ten gears Hence
All flaval Confiicts Will Be Fought With Them.
The most Ingenlous and, Indeed, the
most destructive engine of modern
warfare, Is the torpedo. People do not
commonly realise that this instrument
of annihilation was already in use in
1515. In that year an Italian engineer,
Zambelll. constructed vessels carrying
heavily charged magazines, Ignited by
clockwork, which floated down the
Scheldt river at Antwerp and destroyed
the bridge. A certain Van Drebbel
experimented in England. In 1624, with
a diving boat which, laden with explo
silves, was so directed as to strike a
ship telow the water line. But the
first genuine submarine torpedo was In
vented in 1730 by a Frenchman.
Desagullers. This rocket torpedo, as it
was called, destroyed several boats.
The first craft actually sunk by a
submaline mine was one attacked by a
device of Robert Fulton, of steamboat
renown, In 1801, charged with 20 pounds
of gunpowder. Four years later the
brig Dorothea was completely demol
ished at Dover. England, by two
torpedoes fired by clockwork. Yet it
was not until our civil war that the
torpedo became a successful, system
atic agent of destruction. On De.'. 12.
1862, the United States ironclad Culr
was destroyed in the Yazoo river by
two torpedoes which explded directly
beneath her. She .was so shattered she
sank in 12 minutes. Again in the fol
lowing year we lost the Ironclad Baron
de Kalb In the same fashion.
From this time on torpedoes of
diversified types have been in pretty
general use. On May 6, 1864. an electric'
torpedo charged ilth 1,750 pounds of
gunpowder completely demolished the
Commodore Jones. Directly after this I
event two federal transports and th,
monitor TecumsPh were sunk almost
instantly on collision with submarine
mines. In the succeeding year the
monitor Patapsco was destroyed at
Charleston with 62 men. The confeder
ates, during the war, suffered only the
loss of the Ironclad Albemarle, which
was blown up by a so-called barrel
torpedo.
In recent years the most vivid exem
plicatlons of the effectiveness of torpe
does have been in South American
waters. A Peruvian guardboat was the
first craft to be sunk by a "automo
bile" torpedo. Still fresh in our mem
ory is the collapse of the Brazilian
Aquidaban from the same cause. A
torpedo was fired from a gunboat
broadside at the Aquidaban, striking
her 25 feet from the bow and 10 feet
below the water line and making a hole
14 feet by 12 on one sidtl and a three
foot hole on the other. Quite as illus
trative of the eruptive force f the ta,
pedo was the destru:'ti,,n of the llcna
Fear by Paul Hoynton, who placed a
torpedo under her bot:. and di.eharce I
it from a safe distance by means of an
electric cable. ('uriously enough the
wrecking of the crutl.ecr, Blanco E:u, la
da, in the harbor of V'allparailso was
I uch Ilk' that of the tattleship 1 tlne
in Havana harbor rIcently. A. c.;artul
examination of both wreck, ",nclusive
ly proved that the explosliv.s the ves
sels contained reainalnd practircally ;n
tact.
Turning from historic illustration, we
shall have to ccnfront an elaborate
classification to define the various
kinds of torpedoes. There are three
chief divisions, consisting of buoyant
mines, subaqueous mines and loceomo
tive torpedoes. The first class of tor
pedoes, as well as the second, is purely
for purposes of coast defense. Although
the authorities on the subject enter
tain pretty diverse views, it is gener
ally held that these contact mines are
available for use only in rather shal
low water. Their use involves many
perplexing conditions, such as the
twisting and wearing of the cables and
moorings, the depression due to cur
rents, the danger of sympathetic ex
plosions, the leaking of the cases. So
her "ancient grandeur." intent upon her
bull fights. metuphorical und literal. while -
all the other nations of the earth aret.
marching onward.
But this "ancient glirln i r" never was
aiything but tawdry, Ilke all things
Spanish it has !been malc' thce subject of
gross exaggetatin. In Ithe iase of a t.°- -
pie whose snore that C 'lli-nese vanity
makes them alnu "Ct Ilcncapable of listnling
to the truth, who habitually turn defeat
into victory-in words-aund magnify the
most commonplace occcurrences unltil all
sense of proportion Is lost, the statements t
a hich they ma:ke in glorllication of them
selves must be taken with large allow- t
ance s. Many passages in Spanish history I
read like a mixture of the!r Cuban war .
dispatches and their melodramatic re
mances. Especially Is this true of the ex
travagant tales about Mexico and P'eru
-where the too credulous Prescott seems
to have relled with rather childlike faith
upon his "authoritis.'" Later intestiga
tors have been more cautioius. and per
baps there is still room for the skeptic.
It may well be doubted that Spain was
ever prosperous in any proper sense of
the werd. In her best days the number
of bar IIn the country was appalling.
I bheltate to quote the figures-for they
are lSpalsh-but :.t,0 is the estimate.
During the same period there were
scarcely any manufactures. The exporti
were in the main the products of a soil
practically unttled, such as wool, hides.
mlerlls. raw silk. kermes and olives.
What does this signift? It m.ans that
dlmcolt. Indeed. Is the problem that
the best torpedo systerm of to-day is
really a compromise between conflict
ing requirements. As obstacles In
shunting off a hostile squadron the use
of these mines is Imperative in modern
warfare. Beside the surface mine are
the submarine mines, subdivided Into
(1) observation mines. Bred by an elee
tric current when the enemy appears
within the destructive area of the mine:
(2) electro-contact mines, which, on
concussion, explode by automatically
completing the electric circuit from
the battery ashore, and (2) mechanIcal
mines, which, on collision, explode
through the action of a contrivance
within them. and which are in no way
connected with the shore. The ques
tion as to whether a channel or harbor
shall be used for navigation determines
the choice of the system. But no sys
tem at present is alone suficlent for
coast defense.
Experiment has determined that for
the generation of sufficient explosive
energy to crush the side of a warship
not less than a mean pressure of 6,500
pounds per square inch is necessary
To this end either sun cotton or dyna
mite must be used. One hundred
pounds of dynamite gives the required I
pressure at a horizsontal distance of lit
T d Pa-l-..u
Torpedo Partially in Tube.
tie more than 16 feet. To float this
dynamite and keep it dry a steel case
is u-.ed. (tf course, the spherical form
gives the greatest amount of buoyancy
per unit of cross-section. So great is
the dlepression caused by tides that
where the current is more than five
miles per hour torpedoes are use.less.
The charge of a mine is exploded hv
n.tuns of a detutnator containing ful
min1ate of mercury. In gun cotton
nilnes the detonator is inserted in a
iolming charge of dry gun cotton with
in a metal case surrounded by w,.t gun
co(tton. The leapt distance between
mines for safety is 100 feet., so that two
or more lines of mines are necessary to
insure a vessel's hitting a mine. A
torpedo electrically connected with the
shore if struck by an outrigging or net
ting of the enemy's ship, signals the
fact to the onretator in the casemate,.
who delays sending the firing battery
current through the fuse until the tor
pedo is directly under the hull of the
versel.
Of the locomotive torpedoes there are
also many types. But the Whitehead
is the only one that can be deemed a
well-evolved naval weapon. The con
trollable torpedo is also, moveable: it
is propelled through the water by a
mechanism inside it and is connectcl
by cable with the shore. The accuracy
of direction and rantge of destructive
power of the 81ms-Edisou torpedo is
f lSpaln in her palmlest days was largely
cctupllied by mining camps and cattle
t;lnches. and this concluslon is in perfect
accord witi Spanish characteristics.
'lit-. popular ideas about pastoral life
are diametricall' wrong. Far from bing
one of tiu most p.:aceful cecupations. ;:
idlitu ed by poets. it is one- of the tough
st and muoast savage. The real sh,,,herrd
goc. about arm. d to the teeth. often fol
low.,d Iby a pItack of ie-rce dogs. ev r
re.ady and often, forced to fight for life
and property. W\hat he becomes under
the most favorable condlitions may b,
seen in the modern cowboy. In earlier
tim. s we simply find the knife and spear
in plaice of the revolver and rifle, and the
shepherd himself it, rather more like a
wild animal. Much the same may be said
of the miners. In such a state of society
laws are ineffective. brigandage runs
rampant. and lynching, as the only
Inmans of restraining crime, becomes a
system. All this is familiar to us in the
history of the wilder parts of our own
West: and all this. and worse, was the
condition of Spain for centuries-an
other reason why the Spanish are not a
gentle race. In this connection it is rather
interesting to note that just as our cow
boys sometimes string up a horse th!ef
on the nearest tree and make him a tar
get for their revolvers, so the SBanish
lynching parties used to hoist their vic
tim upon a pole and shoot him full of
arrows--o closely does history repeat
itself under similar conditions. We. how
ever. d,, not boast of the 'grandeur" of
-M. nor of the cattle ranch.
That the Spaniard was also much ad
dicted to a seafaring life did not tend to t
soften his temper In days when commerce
was largely a compound of smuggling t
and piracy. Here again he worked up a
great reputation for ferocious cruelty-
though it must be admitted that the En
guish for a time were close rivals in this 4
line. It is simply one more factor. The I
horrible tramic in slaves is another, and
was at its worst under Spanish (and Por
tugtuesel auspices. Like the Inquisition. I
all these things are at once a manifesta
tilto and a reacting cause of Spanish cru
city.
Much more might be adduced. but quite
enough has been cited to make it evident
why the Spaniard is what he IS The
character of a nation, as of its individ
ual members. is largely the product of
heredity and crvironment; and In both
these particular' the Spaniard has teen
phenomenally unlucky. He is Just what
his history has made hint, and presumae
ily can be nothing else. We could pity
him were he not himself so pitless.
That he should excessively pride him
self upon his lineage seems rather extra
ordinary in view of the facts: but it is 1
really nothing to wonder at. The worse
the stock the more insufferable the .ride
of blood-as the pedigree of many a royal 1
house bears witness.
CHARLES KELSEY OcAINES.
Has aeesa igtreat i~sati T wiaes.
Spain a as oct- the greatest antie on
Awo o PEW at a - r
ir b Ir. '!' . ..
of the operator en the d .
ibUity of thi thrpedo is ds
feet; It appears to pursue its pey as
though instinct with life. The auto.
mobile torpedo, however. has not the re
stricted o the coatmreaMle ame, for
its direction, speed and depth of pasle.
are grdded autoewatea.y. The Whtle
head torpmjo. named for its lvesnter. an
agishduman. hbelokns to the latter class.
imal vessels of great speed, kaows
as torpedo boats, carry and discharge
these ponderous missiles. This torpedo
resembles in shape a porpoise. Its or.t
Inal design, In fact. was said to he
fashioned after this Ash. It is made
chiefly of steel. weighs Ol pounds. and
is about 12 feet in length. It consists of
four principal sections, the head, which
carries the explosive; the ash, or air
receiver, which is AlkeI with compressed
air at a pressure of 1 pbmads to the
square ch-the es of this air runs
the engine and props the torpedo: the
immersion chamber, which contains the
mechanism for regulating the depth
and position of the torpedo; the engine.
fed by compressed air, which passes
through the valves of a pipe so ad
justed as to fix the speed and duration
of the run. The apparatus In the third
section consists of a pendulum anad
hydrostatic piston that control a horl
sontal rudder through an air steering
engine. This rudder is movable: if the
torpedo goes too deep or Inclines down
ward this rudder moves up. bringlai
the torpedo to the set depth. If the re
verse takes place the rudder moves
down. The engine of the fourth section
turns a shaft on which there are two
propellers moving In opposite directions
at the tall of the torpedo. Pinally on
each side of the tall are vertical rud
ders which keep the torpedo In a
straight path.
The head of the torpedo Is made of
bronze and is charged with 120 pounds
of wet gun-cotton. The point of the.
head contains the "pistol," consisting of
a propellor which, set in revolution.
frees a plunger which, in turn, on the
impact of the torpedo, is forced down
upon a fulminate cap surrounded by a
tube of dry gun-cotton. Wet gun-cot
tun explodes when ignited in contact
with dry gun-cotton. The freeing of the
plunger by the propellor Insures that
the torpedo must run a certain distance
from the vessel discharging it ere it
can explode.
The deviation from any set depth in
the passage of the torpedo must not
txceed 15 Inches at a range of 800 yards.
Thus as the torpedo can be set to run
at a depth from 5 to 20 feet, it is evi
(dent that it may be depended upon to
smite a vessel at almost any point below
the armor line, where the explosion will
il, the most damage. It is said our
American torpedoes are better adjusted
for actual service than those in any
other navy In the world. However that
may be, we have come to realise that
the torpedo is about the most important
feature of naval warfare. There are
those, indeed, among the best authori
ties, who assert that In a decade hence
all naval conflicts will be fought with
the torpedo. OLIVER HENSHAW.
the face of the globe. Say. rather, she
vas twice so. First as a center of learn
Irng and science under the Baracenic rule.
when the city of Cordova. had a mile of
gas lit streets and fountains of quick
silver played in the palace yard of the ca
liph. Second. when she was the greatest
military power in Europe. But Spain
could not stand the march of modern in
vention. She has steadily shrunk and
shriveled and lost her possessions. until
now all she has left worth speaking of is
Cuba. The Philippines are insignificant
possessions.
a
Loa isthe am of
woman's life. Its
dawaing is the
maides's teader/
sentiment ;it bright
eas into tie steady
afection of the con
tented wife, and
reaches its glorious nooutide is the happy
mother. Happy motherhood is a true wo
man's loftiest ambition. Her hghest d
is in her itness to fulfill this md ams
sacred destiny. Nothing so clods an
darkens her existence as to be inacslci
tated for this noblest of weomaly Mactio
by weakness or disease.
A woman who sufers from say ailment of
the delicate special orgaism of her sex,
feels something more n pa sad phtn i
cal wretchedness. She is mortied wit a
sense of womanly incompleteess.
But no woman need remain nmder this
cloud of misery and dissatisfaction. Dr.
Pierce's Favorite Prescritio positvely
cares all diseased conditions anad weak
nesses, and restores complete health and
strength to the feminine orgass.
It is the only medicine of(ts kind dev.sed
for this one prpose by as educated and ex
perienced physician. and eminset spelalist
n this partclar field of practie.
It is the only medicine which can he rsHed
on to make the ordeal of motherhood
bsoltely sae aad almost tess.
"b! cmst sa y too ath D. hr toam.Il C ,
. Pwesesiptias." w tils (u of
Didsret. Mtmgsry Oa., p.en's "1 frle
my duty ay to an wo who my he alr.
Lag m eay disease of the w thst h i th
-best ms" e on eIth far theem it 4M .
Dr. Plese's Iteasnt Pellets the
itomah, liver and bowels. Of medicie
gealsm