Helena weekly herald. [volume], February 21, 1889, Image 1

About Helena weekly herald. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1867-1900

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Volume xx hi.
Helena, Montana, Thursday, February 21, 1889.
No.
>3
<fl|clilrcltlu ^fjcralil.
R. 1 . FISK D. W. FISK ft. J. FISK.
Publishers and Proprietors.
Largest Circulation of any Paper in Montana
Rates ol Subscription.
WEEKLY HERALD:
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DAILY HERALD:
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-o--
Entered at the Post office . Helena as second
class matter.]
S^-All communications should be addressed to
FISK BKOS., Publishers,
Helena, Montana.
Effects of niood Drinking.
As to its medicinal value tlie reporter
Bpoko to several physicians. They were al
most unanimous in saying that the whole
Î jnirnco was based on superstition and
ruorance. Said Dr. J. M. Macauley:
"There has been an unreasonable belief
since time immemorial that the blood of
freshly slaughtered cattle possessed oc
cult virtues iu curing consumption and
general exhaustion. This belief obtains
to a much larger extent in Europe than
hero. I myself have seen, in the large
abattoirs in Paris, rows on rows of sick
people, taken from every rank and sta
tion in life, from the bloated or emaci
ated voluptuary down to the thin
seamstress with hectic flush in her
cheeks, all intent on their morn
ings rations of blood. But it's all
sheer nonsense. In cases where the blood
was said to have effected a euro it was
Something else, generally the more ra
tional mode of living, which was really
responsible for it. Consumption can cer
tainly not bo cured with blood. If the
stomach has strong enough digestive power
to assimilate such blood Ft is strong enough
to assimilate milk and bread and meat,
things which contain as much or more
Nourishing power than blood. And to a
really debilitated system blood as a diet
may prove seriously injurious. A ease
which is likely to be benelited by a diet of
ox blood will bo more surely benefited by
• more rational and appetizing diet, but
the great pauacea is still—as it always
Las been—pure air, simple livirg, plenty of
exercise, regular hours. That'6 the whole
thing hi a nutshell. "—Chicago Herald.
Well Dressed Berlin Women.
We have been a little surprised at the
number of well dressed people, or rather
at the few badly dressed people, seen on
the streets. I never saw so many neatly
attired girls, and I don't think that thé
women of any large city on the globe are
so uniformly pretty. One coming from
America naturally expects to find the wo
men of Germany very large, bony or
fleshy. If you come here with that idea
in your head you will be disappointed, for
tho Prussian women are petite, as a rule,
below tho average stature, well formed
and quick in their movements. The man,
however, are large, muscular and some
what gross in appearance.—Cor. Chicago
Times.
From Barbarism to Civilization.
Dr. George Harley, F. It. S., has madn
an investigation which reveals abundant
evidence to prove that although man,
during his evolution from barbarism to
civilization, has increased in strength and
stature and longevity, on tho other h d
his power of recovery from bodily hi rt
has materially deteriorated.—New York
Star
Theory of Memory.
Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes' theory is
that a certain part of the brain receives
Impressions like the plate in the camera
They are photographed there and always
remain. Sometimes we can recall than
at will and sometimes not, but they are
there—a theory that leads to very serious
thought.—Chicago Herald.
A Liberal Rendering.
In Mississippi one of our teachers
taught her class faithfully the golden
text, "Put off thy shoes from off thy feet,
for the place whereon thou standest Is
holvground." Tho next Sunday only one
girl could remember it, and she recited it
tnus: "Moses, Moses, take off them
ahoes.''—American Missionary.
A Difference of Opinion.
Guest (to mountain house landlord)—4
think the amount of this bill ic entttely
too large.
Landlord—Too large? Just fan your
self, sir, w,.u that mil and got anothsr
whiff of tho pure, health inspiring moun
tain air; you'll think it's too small.—»New
York Sun,
At the Table.
A small girl of 3 years suddenly buret
sat crying at the dinner table.
•'Why, Ethel," said her mother,
i* the matter?"
"Oh!" whined Ethel, "mj
on my tongue."—Boston
Sudden Death.
Miss Shawsgarden (of St Louis)—Oh,
yes, I am proud of our city. We have
changed the saving about Naples to "See
St. Louis and die."
Miss Dearborn (of Chicago)—Indeed!
Is it so sudden?—America.
An inebriated fellow was drowned in
a street gutter at Stockton, CaL He
fell to tho sidewalk, and then rolled off
into tho gutter, which contained about
four inches of water. He was found
a few moments later, but life was ex
tinct.
Chandler Jones, a burglar, was identt»
fled at Hazleliurst, Ga., by two tooth
murks left in an apple where he had
committed a robbery. One of tho print»
tvas of an ingrowing tooth.
Bis Generosity.
"How was it such a mean fellow as
Do Jinks handed yon his cigar case?"
asked Merritt.
"Ho just pulled it out to show me he
hadn't a cigar left."—New York Evening
Sun.
AN AFRICAN EMPIRE.
IMPORTANCE OF RECENT DEVEL
OPMENTS IN UGANDA.
Race and Religions War in Central Africa
Bow the Empire of Uganda Was Ballt
Up—Stanley at Mtesa's Con rt—Moham
medan vs. Christian.
When tho old time reader sees in his
daily or weekly paper a telegram with
display heads to tho effect that there has
been a revolution in Uganda, that
Mwanga has been deposed and Kiwewa
made king, he scarcely knows whether
this took place in Hayti or Afghanistan,
for these are new names to him. But
really this dispatch marks a new epoch,
fçr we aro now so near to Central Africa
that we read one day what was kqpwn
the day before at the city of Zanzibar,
and find that it concerns all Christian
nations. Christianity and Mohammed
anism are lighting a liard battle for the
control of tho dark races; the Arabs are
maintaining the slave trade against all
the agents and missionaries of Christen
dom, and the revolution just reported
may decide tho fate of Stanley ami Emin
Bey, the outcome of the war in the
Soudan and the destiny of equatorial
Africa for the next century.
Uganda is a great native African
empire. In that territory are the sources
of the Nile. Victoria and Albert lakes
float the fleets of a by no means con
temptible monarch, and its former
king, Mtesa, was a great friend of
Stanley in his lirst expedition. From
the mouths of its statesmen and warriors
Stanley heard the history of this im
THE CAPITAL OF UGANDA,
portant empire, and has given that and
the main facts about the country in
fascinating detail. The people of Uganda
proper aro a very superior race of
Africans. They aro not at all like the
typical negroes of the west coast and the
60 uth. They are tall and finely formed,
have good heads and straight noses,
wear good clothes of cotton cloth, manu
facture many articles of use and beauty
and are brave and skillful in war. And
by steady conquest for three generations
they have established an empire cover
ing some 70,000 square miles and con
taining near 3,000,000 people. The
Ugandas are the ruling race; tnc Wasoga
and many other tribes are subject to
them. * * #
Suna, father of Mtesa, was of the third
captives
and 8,000 children. Not many men are
taken alive in these African wars. The
Uganda historians told Stanley of a line
of thirty-five sovereigns, the last three
of whom had extended their rule till
they became emperors instead of kings.
They also told of a wonderful missionary,
fairer of face tlian themselves, who long
ago visited and taught them many valua
ble truths; but their accounts were of
such a nature that Stanley set down the
story as of a kind with the legends of
Man co Capac in Peru, Kadmus in
Greece, and the first great warrior
among the Aztecs. In short, it was a
sort of incarnation of the progress of the
people and the empire.
Rubuga, the new capital of the em
pire (of which a sketch is here presented),
where Stanley was royally entertained
by Mtesa, is on the summit of a knoll
from which the slopes in all directions
are thick set with bananas, sugar cane
and plantains. Here Mtesa held his
royal court and gave audience to offi
cials and ambassadors in a 6traw cov
ered hall, 60 feet long, 18 feet wide
and 25 feet high. It had been the
intention of Suna that his warlike
son Kajumba should succeed liim; but
the chiefs, dreading the latter's furious
temper, deposed him and enthroned
Mtesa, who was supposed to be of a
milder temper. Once firm in power,
however, he slew all his brothers and the
most pretentious of the chiefs, to provide
against a disputed succession. Soon af
ter he was converted to Mohammedanism
by the Arab missionary Muley bin
Salim, and as this caused him to abstain
from all intoxicants he became mudh
more humane. He confided to Stanley,
however, that he was not altogether
satisfied with his new religion, and under
the latter's instructions he was nominally
converted to Christianity.
All this time the Mohammedans were
pushing their conquests, and after the
death of Mtesa there was a great schism
in Uganda. Mwanga, the emperor, be
gan by being ill tempered, and finally
became ferocious; distrusting his body
guard, he tried to have them massacred,
when they turned on him and made
Kiwewa emperor. The latter at once
adopted the policy of Mtesa. appointed
Christians to the principal offices and de
sired to establish trade and friendly rela
tions with the white men. On this the
Mohammedans, stirred up bv the Arabs,
revolted, slew many of the Christians and
compelled all the missionaries to fly from
the country. Such are the incidents of
this curious war of races and religions in
equatorial Africa, Islamism and Chris
tianity contending for the trade and the
souls of the blacks.
Stanley thinks the Uganda region as
fertile as* any on earth. The people 6ay,
"We live in a land of wine and butter,
milk and fullness," and their appearance
Ê roves it. They are cleanly and modest,
ave considerable skill and industry
enough for their needs, and with peace
ful intercourse the trade of the empire
would be very valuable. But the gov
ernment is thoroughly despotic, depend
ing entirely on tho character or the
monarch, and just at present the Arabs
appear to have the upper hand.
Limited Powers.
A mother was correcting her littlo boy the
other day, and appealing to him, asked how
he would feel if he had a son who didn't do
this and didn't do that and so on. When
she had reached the end of the inquiry he
answered ; "Well, mamma, if 1 had a little
boy 8 years old, 1 don't think I'd expect the
aart.h nf him."
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"MADAME DE VARNEY."
Remarkable Romance of an Expert Fe
male Pickpocket.
The latest sensation in Paris is the arrest of
a Mme. de Varney, an American, as a pick
pocket. She was held for three days and
then told that her arrest was a mistake. She
left the jail without her money and her
jewels and, returning for them, was again
arrested. The American minister took up
tho case and she was at last released.
Had the French police communicated with
Inspector Byrnes, of New York, they would
not have labored under the accusation of
having made a mistake. Here is her career
in America, according to the inspector:
Her real name is Sophie Lyons. She be
longs to a family of thieves. Her father and
mother, sisters and brothers aie all thieves;
her son is a thief and died in prison. The
madame is very "lady like in appearance, of
dark complexion and has slightly Hebraic
features." She is the daughter of oçc Elkins ,
who was especially expert in shoplifting.
As a child thief Sophie was an infant
phenomenon. She was often arrested, but
was such an innocent looking little thing
that her victims were unwilling to proceed
against her. When she was about 10 years
old she married a notorious pickpocket named
Maury Harris, but her honeymoon was ruth
lessly ended, the bride being arrested for
pocket picking and sent to Sing Sing for two
years.
She served her term and returned to her
^ profession. Soon after she became intimate
with "Dutch Heinrichs," a celebrated hank
j thief, hut she seems to have been fastidious
! in tho matter of husbands, ami tried several
j before finding one suited to her mind. After
remaining with Heinrichs awhile she mar
! ried Ned Lyons. In these alliances Sophie
j kept climbing, for Lyons was at the top of
tho profession of bank burglars.
The pair lived happily together, and had
four children, three girls and a hoy. But the
father was finally caught and sent to Sing
' Sing, and tho mother returned to her old
vacation of pocket
picking. In 1872
she was arrested in
New York for
stealing goods at
A T. Stewart's
and Lako & Mac
Creary's stores.
The goods were
found on her, and
she was sent to
Sing Sing for five
years. About a
week before Sophie
entered Sing Sing,
her husband van
ished from its por
tals having affected
his escape. Learn
sophie Lyons. ing of his wife's
imprisonment, he determined to affect her
escape. Engaging the services of a confede
rate he drove to Sing Sing and there made
his arrangements. All that is known is that
Sophie was liberated.
The pair went to Detroit, where they
bought some property and settled down onco
more to happy home life Lyons was soon ar
rested for an attempt to rob a bank at Water
ford, N. Y. While he was in jail Sophie, in
order that the work might go on, went into
the blackmail business. A gentleman of
wealth proposed to remain at her house over
night, but when he had undressed to go to
bed Sophie entered his room, seized his clothes
and threw them out of the window. Then
she drew a pistol from her pocket and pointed
it at the bosom of her guest Tho gentleman
signed a check for a largo amount and went
on his way. Sophie drew the money and
congratulated herseîf on a fine haul.
This and other matters cast a tingo of sus
picion upon Sophie's character in Detroit, and
she felt constrained to depart for Boston. She
levied a contribution there, in one of the
hotels, on a credulous gentleman in the shape
of a 810,000 check; but, luckily for the con
tributor, ho reached the ban!» before the
nimble Sophie and stopped pavanent.
At this point in Sophie's career occurred
an act of ingratitude to her husband, who
had effected her escape from Sing Sing. She
joined a man named Brock. Lyons, mean
while, left his enforced residence, and hear
ing of the actions of the guilty pair, went
Elfter Brock with a "shooting iron," and the
two tried to kill each other. Nothing came
of the encounter, except that it resulted in
tho re-transfer of Mrs. Lyons' affections to
her spouse. Soon after, both wero arrested
on Long Island for picking pockets, and
Lyons was taken to Connecticut to servo an
unexpired term for bank robbery, for, as at
Sing Sing, ho had left the Connecticut prison
without leave. His wife was released.
These continued separations from her hus
band while bo was in prison were a great
trial to Sophie's fidelity. After her husband
was sent back to Connecticut she became ac
quainted with a man with whom she took up,
and went through the country lecturing. She
was then living at a respectable house on
Fifth avenue, New York, and was interested
in the work of Mme. Touche, the female
broker, who was arrested for enticing women
to gamble in stocks.
Sophie's later operations have been as a
confederate for bank thieves. One game was
for Sophie and a bank thief to drive up to a
country hank in a buggy. The thief would go
Into the bank, and if few were there would
ask one of the clerks to go out to the buggy
where a lame lady wished to consult him
about investments. While he was gone the
thief and other confederates would help them
selves to any cash they could find unguarded.
Another dodge was to go into a bank, and if
a man were found counting bills, Sophie
would drop her handkerchief, and while the
polite official was picking it up her confed
erate would take the money off the desk.
She next went to Paris.
In all this record of crime, there is but one
act recorded to show that Ned and Sophie
Lyons have h uman hearts. While their son
imitated his father and died in Auburn pris
on, the three little girls were sent to school
and kept ignorant of their parents' lives.
They are now supposed to be in a convent
school in Montreal, ignorant of their mother's
profession.
Wanted Enough.
Young De Fast (who has been out very late
the night before)—Have you filled the bath
tub, as I told you?
Valet—Yes, sah.
"With cold water !"
"Yes, sah."
"Then lead me to it."
""Watah's awful cold for a bath, sah."
"I don't want a bath. I Want a drink."—
New York Weekly.
Something Catching
The amateur photographer and the
burglar have very taking ways, and there
is undoubtedly something catching about
the policeman and the fisherman.— Har»
per's Bazar.
,
MARRIAGE ON THE CONGO.
STRANGE CUSTOMS OF A LITTLE
PORTUGUESE COLONY.
A Honeymoon Spent in a But—Import
ance and Power of the "Fetich Man.*'
It Costs 810 to Get a Wife from a
Neighboring Town.
Happier than some other races of men,
none of these West African tribes prac
tice infanticide. On the contrary, it is
considered a misfortune not to have
children, and this desire is the source of
some very curious habits and customs.
Among the Bassos, a tribe further to the
north, a banana tree is planted on the
day of marriage, and if on tho day of
îts first producing fruit a child should
not have been born the contract is con
sidered void and the parties marry
again.
With the Kabina the bride and groom
immediately after marriage are locked
in a hut which must never have been
occupied before, and are there kept close
prisoners for three monfhs, except that
at every midnight tho old men of the
town take the groom and tho old women
the bride and escort them to the "fetich
man," to whom they appeal for children.
During this time, however, they are well
supplied with both food and drink. At
the end of the three months a great feast
is held, when the prisoners are released
and the hut where they havo been con
fined is burned, and thus their honey
moon is brought to an end.
HOW A WIFE IS GOT.
The ceremony of marriage among
these people is conducted by the different
tribes in a manner that is common to
them all.
When a native wants a wife, if there is
none in his own town to suit him, he
sends to some neighboring chief asking
if there is a girl in his town of the age
desired. If the answer is in the affirma
tive, he then presents his case to the old
men of his town, and after a "palaver,"
or talk, at which there is the drinking of
much rum, they agree that he may bring
homo as a wifo a woman from another
town.
After securing this permission he, with
presents in his hands for tho propitiation
of the spirit powers, visits the head
"fetich man," and after listening to his
many prayers receives a charm. He is
then* ready to seek his bride.
In the meantime tho women of his
town—maids, wives and widows—having
been advised of his intention and being
incensed by his slighting them in select
ing a stranger, aro prepared, as they are
allowed by their laws to do, to prevent
his leaving until their charms have been
admitted and their indignation allayed by
many presents. This custom, despite
every precaution of the man, often ends
in disputes which are settled only by an
appeal to the "fetich man" and "sussi
wood."
However, having overoome the diffi
culties of his departure, he arrives at and
is received in his prospective bride's
town by the old men of tho place and by
them conducted to the "palaver house,
where there is more talk and more rum.
Tho presents he has brought having been
found acceptable, ho is then allowed to
know the parents of the girl he is seek
ing, and from them learns tho sum in
beads, rum, cloth, etc., he has to pay be
fore he can secure her. This usually
represents in value about $10. This mat
ter having been satisfactorily settled, he
returns to his town and forwards the
goods as agreed upon.
At the setting of the sun on tho day
appointed for the closing of the contract
the bride, naked except for being painted
with different colored chalks, accom
panied by her parents and friends, ar
rives at the home of the groom. There
they arc received with much rejoicing,
gun firing, drum beating, dancing and
feasting. This is continued until both
man and woman are exhausted by their
orgies, when they are bundled into the
hut to remain for the customary time.
The customs surrounding the bringing
up of these girls and their conduct after
having become wives are strange and
interesting. All women, unless they are
slaves, until they are married or reach a
certain age are under the care of the old
women, and are called "cutta do eqa
_o," or grigory bush girls. They can
easily recognized, for, no matter what
may be their age, they aro always en
tirely naked, with only a small* horn
hanging from a string fastened around
the neck. They also plaster thickly their
shaven heads with clay at frequent
intervals. This it is "fetich" to remove
or touch with water, and must be taken
off only by their husbands.
THE SEDUCER THERE GETS HIS DUE.
For one of these girls to be forgetful
of her virtue is a crime, but for which
she is not called upon to pay the penalty.
The nature of the punishment is death,
but how inflicted it has been impossible
for me to learn, it being "fetich" for any
male to interfere in these matters. The
old women have sole jurisdiction and
most jealouslv guard the secrets of their
calling; but, be it as it may, the man,
after having been accused, is never free
from espionage until some day he is
missed, when after a time he is found in
a mutilated condition dead in his hut.
Contrary to what might be expected, so
strict are these people in the observance
of this custom that no sum of money
will purchase immunity, and even being
a white man is no protection from their
revenge.
After a woman becomes a wife differ
ent laws affect her. If convicted of un
faithfulness she is punished according to
her husband's pleasure. This, as a rule,
finds expression by his selling her into
slavery. A peculiar belief is their find
ing reason for the failure of any en
deavor or undertaking they may have in
hand in their wives' forgetfulness of
their duties.
A native chief, when about to start on
a journey, or go on a hunting or trading
expedition, or to war, on the day before
his departure, calls together his many
wives and advises them of his intention.
He then reminds them that the success
or failure of his effort depends upon
them, and asks if they have been guilty
of any fault of which they should be
purged before starting on nis ioumey.
This, of course, is answered in the nega
tive. Satisfied with their denial, he
then instructs them as to their conduct
during his absence, and then leaves tp
Droceed on his way •
SOME PHENOMENAL "FAITH CURES."
»
PI
Mrs. Maria Woodworth, of Springfield, Bis.,
Claims to Perform Miraculous Healings.
The blind, tho deaf and dumb, the lame
and the ill are congregating in great num
bers in Springfield, Ills. Enthusiasts claim
that scenes are enacted daily in that city that
for tho past nineteen hundred years have been
as rare as angels' visits. The singular
spectacle (which recalls to the mind a
graphic description in "Ben Hur") is afforded
in Springfield's streets of the maimed and sick
creeping along on crutches, or being carried
in beds or chairs
to an old deserted
mill loft, where,
it is claimed, some
of the most marvel
ous faith cures on
record have of late
taken plaça The
faith cure meetings
are conducted by a
woman named
Maria Woodworth.
She is six feet in
height, extremely
angular and weird
looking, and is said maria woodworth.
to resemble a "Macbeth" v. itch. Her power
is said to be miraculous. People who have
been afflicted with deafness all their lives are
said to havo been cured at a single meeting.
Tho most advanced and seemingly incur
able diseases are said to have been healed in
an hour Cripples have thrown away
crutches, the blind have been restored to
sight, the dumb have broken forth into
rhapsodic song, and the fanatics say that
there is no ill which flesh is heir to that has
not been completely squelched by the sub
ject's absolute belief in the efficacy of the
faith cure.
Among others seeking "the power" the
other night were three little girls, aged 9, 11
and 13 years respectively. It is scarcely con
ceivable that at such tender ages they have
acquired the by no means simple art of ar
tistically lying. But the story of their expe
riences is pretty diaphanous. It is said that
after praying for some time these three
little ones became suddenly rigid, with a stiff
sort of trembling in the hands and feet. After
wandering around through tho crowd they
"camo to," and each related a story of
strange things seen during their trances.
Each had seen the other two, had beheld a
heavenly city paved with gold, had looked
upon people in torment in another region,
who were surrounded by flames of fire and
by serpents writhing and hissing in agony.
Ono of these little girls, Ida Anderson, was
more highly favored than her companions in
trance. She is the daughter of a respectable
tailor of Springfield, and had lost several lit
tle sisters some time ago, whom she saw dur
ing her trance and with them played peek-a
boo, dodging behind the pillars that support
the ceiling and laughing as children do in
their sports.
Hero is a case which created considerable
excitement in Springfield, and put a man
named Watts in a rather embarrassing posi
tion.
Tho day before Christmas a young lady
went into a trance at 3 o'clock p. m. and re
mained in that state un til 8:15 the next morn
ing. On Christmas night she was again over
powered. While Joseph Russel, well known
in Springfield, was kneeling at the altar
with this young lady he was stricken by "the
power," but "came to" in a much better
spiritual condition. The young lady arose
and walked around, and in her path stood
Watts. She took him by the hand and, to
his utter astonishment, he could not get
loose. She tried to talk, but could not, and
as she made signs as though she wanted to
write, a pencil and paper wero given her, by
which she wrote warnings, evidently ad
dressed to Watts.
Though her writing was hardly legible,
enough was deciphered to learn that this was
his last chance to be saved. This occurred
about 4 o'clock p. m., and sho stood up hold
ing him by the hand until 11:35 p. m., when
she let go of her own accord and he went
away. Just before letting go her hold upon
him she lay down and went into a trance, in
which she remained until 12 o'clock the next
day.
Springfield is much shaken up over these
stories, the believers and the scoffers being
pretty evenly divided.
Causes for Divorce.
"Attempt on life," in Illinois.
"Fugitive from justice," in Virginia.
"Ungovernable temper," in Kentucky.
"Parties cannot live in peace and union,"
in Utah.
"Any gross neglect of duty," in Kansas and
Ohio.
"Mental incapacity at time of marriage,"
in Georgia.
Willful desertion for five years is a cause
in two states.
"Gross misbehavior or wickedness," in
Rhode Island.
Fraud and fraudulent contract is a cause
in nine states.
Imprisonment for felony is a cause in all
states except ten.
"Refusal of wife to remove into the state,"
in Tennessee.
Absence without being beard from is a
cause in several states.
Willful desertion for three years is a cause
in fourteen states.
Physical inability is a cause in all states
and'territories except ten.
Willful desertion for one year is a cause in
fifteen states and territories.
"Habitual indulgence in violent and un
governable temper," in Florida.
Habitual drunkenness is a cause in all
states and territories except ten.
Settled aversion, which tends to destroy all
peace and happiness, in Kentucky.
"Husband notoriously immoral before mar
riage, unknown to wife," in West Virginia.
"Three years with any religious society
that believes the marriage relation unlaw
ful," in Massachusetts.
"Joining any religious sect that believes
marriage unlawful, and refusing to cohabit
six months," in New Hampshire.
"Such indignities as render life burden
some," in Missouri, Oregon, Pennsylvania,
Washington territory and Wyoming.
Tho violation of the marriage vow is cause
for absolute divorce excepting in South Caro
lina and New Mexico, which have no divorce
laws.
"Cruel treatment, outrages or excesses
such as to render their living together insup
portable," in Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisi
ana, Missouri, Tennessee and Texas.
Cruel and abusive treatment is a cause in
all states and territories except New Jersey,
New Mexico, New York, North Carolina,
South Carolina, Virginia and West Virginia.
Failure of the husband to provide, no time
specified, is a cause in nine states; for one
year it is a cause in five states, and for two
years it is all that is necessary in two states.
—St. Louis Globe- Democrat
! COSTLY AND DEADLY KNIVES.
Blades
Early
Made for Business in the
Days of California.
In 1858 M. Price, who then had a small
cutlery shop, sat up nights and made a
fine bowie knife, which he exhibited in
the first Mechanics' fair held in San
Francisco. After the fair Waid Eaton
took the knife to tho Bank Exchange
pmd raffled it for $150. Price had taken
S eat care in tempering the blade, and
d offered to forfeit $100 if any better
steel could be found. At that time Billy
Allison, of Yolo, was making knives,
which were sought by all men who
wanted reliable weapons
Surveyor General Higley had an Alli
son knife, and he backed it against
Price's blade. The test was made in the
Bank Exchange, and aroused as much
interest as a national election. ' Gen,
Higley laid a half dollar on the counter
and drove the Allison blade through it
without turning the point or edge.
Ward Eaton wielded the Price blade
with a steady, strong arm, and achieved
tho same feat. Gen. Higley then tried
two half dollars, and the point of his
knife turned. Eaton piled up three of
the coins, drove the Price knife through
them, and when he raised the weapon
tho three half dollars were impaled on
the point, which was not turned.
That made Price's bowie knives as
famous on this coast as Toledo blades
were in Spain, and every man who west
heeled had to have one. Marion Moore,
a noted mining and sporting man, whose
nitro-glycerine blew up Wells, Fargo &
Co.'s express office on the corner of Cali
fornia and Montgomery streets, ordered
of Price the best knife he could make.
Moore gave Price a gold brick and a
piece of gold quartz that he had taken
out of a mine with his own hands, and
told him to work the metal in. Price made
an eight inch bowie, having a gold handle
inlaid with quarts. Moore paid $175 for
the weapon, and handed back to Price
tho gold that was left over.
Moore's lawyer, McCabe, got a gold
mounted knife for $100, and these two
expensive weapons played a leading part
in a bloody tragedy in White Pine, Nev.
Moore had a mine there, and, as was
usual in those days, somebody tried to
jump tho claim. Moore and McCabe
were caught in the tunnel by a band of
fighters hired by the other claimants,
anil cut their way out with their bowie
knives. Several men were killed in tho
fight, and as most of the dead had only
knife wounds, it is supposed that Moore
and Ins lawyer did some game and lively
work.
A little gambler named Barney Kenny
used a six and a half inch bowie of
Price's make with deadly effect about
eighteen years ago. He was playing
poker with three other sports in a
saloon in Portland, Ore. Somebody was
caught cheating, and Barney grabbed
the pot. Instantly the three confeder
ates pulled their pistols and blazed away
at Barney, who drew his knife and
waded in desperately. After a brief but
furious combat, in which fifteen shots
were fired, Barney walked out of the
room, leaving the others on the floor.
One was dead, a second mortally
wounded, and the third cut so badly
that ho had to be in a hospital for
months.
In 1861 Price made two knives for Col.
Jack Gamble, who supplied Mexican
gold onzas for the handle frames. The
handles were inlaid with abaline shell
and gold quartz, and tho colonel paid
$400 for the two weapons. Gamble gave
ono to his friend Charles Norris, who
lost it some years later. It was a mere
fancy of Gamble's to have such a
weapon, as he was never known to use
it. Joe Winters, in 1864, walked into
Price's place with two friends, saw three
$75 knives in the case, bought them, and
turning around, presented one to each of
his companions just as he would hand
about cigars.
One of tho men who bought an extrav
agantly expensive knifp from Price came
into the shop some time after a fight had
occurred in a mine and several men had
been carved to death, and exchanged the
weapon for some other wares. As he
put the gold mounted bowie down he
said with a shiver that he would never
use a knife again. When the weapon
was examined the blade was found rusted
with blood, and there was blood even in
tho crevices between the slabs of the
handle and the frame. There were no
guards on the hilts of these knives, be
cause the men who bought them carried
them for sudden use, and a guard is
likelv to catch in the clothing and delay
the draw.
The first big knives made by Price
were for a party of United States sur
veyors, who wanted them as substitutes
for axes in cutting trails through the
brush. The blades wero twelve inches
long and very heavy, and in the hands
of a strong man would cut a person's
head off at one blow.—San Francisco Ex
aminer.
How "Doc" Smart Broke the Banks.
"Doc" Smart, a noted Western bandit,
with two confederates, bought all the
playing cards at El Paso, at. Goldsberg's
stationery store, paving for them $75,
and when questioned as to what they in
tended doing with them said that they
were going up in the mines and expected
to do a great business, but if they failed
would like tho privilege to return what
they did not use. Goldsberg consented,
and in a few days they returned with
about half of them.
This same Goldsberg was in the habit
of furnishing all the faro banks in town
with cards, and upon receiving orders
for them and having none on hand ex
cept those returned by Smart he divided
the lot between the different "banks,"
anil on the same night every "bank" in
El Paso was "busted" by Smart and a
few of his confederates. The last "bank
broke" examined their cards, and found
that every card had been "pinched."
An investigation at each "bark"
showed their cards "pinched" in tho
samo manner. It was found out next
day that Smart had returned these cards
to Goldsberg, and, of course, it was de
cided that Smart and his gang "pinched"
them. The town was too hot for him
for several days after. It is estimated
that the winnings were about $125,000.
—San Francisco Argonaut.
'So Use for It.
Agent—I desire, miss, to leave this circular
with you. It refers to a type writing school
which has just been started, and in which the
art is taught at the low price of
Pretty Girl—1 am not interested in type
writing, sir. 1 have resolved never to marry.
—Philadelphia Record.
DR. A. T. M'GILL.
\\
DR. A. T. M G ILL.
Sketch of the Life of the Late Emeritus
Professor of Theology at I'riucetou.
Alexander Taggart McGill, D. D.,
LL. D., an emeritus professor at Prince
ton college, whose death was lately re
corded, was a native of Cannonsliurg,
Pa., and was 82 years old at the time oi
his death. He was graduated from Jef
ferson college in 1826 and served there
for some ime as tutor, when he went to
Georgia, studied law in the offioeof Gen.
George McCullough, of Milledgeville,
who later became governor of the state.
Several years later, his health having
been broken by
exposure and
hard work sur
veying the
boundary line be
tween Georgia
and Alabama
through the
Cherokee Indian
tribe's lands, Mc
Gill returned to
the north and de
cided to devote
the rest of his life
to the church.
This was in 1831,
and he began the study of theology in the
Theological seminary of the Associated
(now the United) Presbyterian church.
In 1834 he was licensed to preach, and
in 1835 he was ordained and installed at
Carlisle, Pa., as pastor of three small
churches in as many counties, Cumber
land, Perry and York. In 1838 Mr. Mo
Gill left the United Presbyterian church
and joined the Old School Presbyterian
church, becoming pastor of the Second
Presbyterian church in Carlisle. After
tliree years of this work he was elected
professor of the Theological seminary at
Allegheny. Then receiving a call to the
seminary of Columbia, S. C., he accepted
it, remaining there till 1853, when the
general assembly having again elected
him to Allegheny, he returned. In 1854
he was transferred to the seminary at
Princeton, taking the chair of ecclesias
tical, homiletical and pastoral theology.
He %vas moderator of the general as
sembly of the Presbyterian chuich in
1848, a permanent e'erk from 1860 to
1862 and stated clerk from 1862 to 1870.
In 1883 Dr. McGill resigned his active
professorship at Princeton, but was made
an emeritus professor by the unanimous
vote of tho directors of the seminary.
Dr. McGill was twice married, his first
wife being a daughter of Gen. McCul
lough anil the second wife Catherine
Bacne Hodge. Three sons and three
daughters survive; his eldest son,
Alexander T. McGill, Jr., being chan
cellor of New Jersey; tho second son,
John D. McGill, being surgeon general of
the state. The third son, Samuel D.
McGill, practices law.
THE GOULD MAUSOLEUM.
Its Construction Was Planned by Mrs.
Gould, Who Was First to Repose In It.
The death of Mrs. Jay Gould, which
took place recently in New York, occurs
when her husband is understood to be
withdrawing from all business, and when
ho would most need the attention of his
wife. Some thirty years ago, when
Union square was bounded by dwellings,
on the comer diagonally opposite the
Everett house, lived Daniel G. Miller,
who made a fortune in the wholesale
g rocery trade. At tho time Jay Gould
ved at the Everett house. Mr. Miller
and Mr. Gould purchased a controlling
interest in the Rutland and Washington
railroad, and Jay Gould married Mr.
Miller's daughter.
Six children were the result of the
marriage, the oldest of whom is George,
who married Edith Kingdon, the actress;
and the youngest is about 12 years oka
Mrs. Gould brought her husband a dowry
of $80,000, which 6he lent to him to
make his fortune with. At first it
looked as though he would make his
wife a pauper instead of a millionaire;
but the' event proved otherwise. Mrs.
Gould's fund was kept separate from
her husband's until recently, when he
turned over to her some $2,000,000.
THE GOULD MAUSOLEUM.
Mrs. Gould's burial place is at Wood
lawn cemetery, Nev/ York. For j-ears
Mr. Gould owned a lot there, but, it not
being to his taste, he turned it in to the
cemetery authorities and bought an acre
on an eminence and buiit a mausoleum.
Mrs. Gould instigated the building of
this mausoleum. It is built something
after the fashion of tho Parthenon at
Athens, though the Parthenon is Doric,
while the mausoleum is Ionic. It is a
very plain, substantial structure of
Rhode Island granite, 21 feet wide, 88
feet long and 20 feet high to the apex of
the roof. The columns are 10$ feet high
and 13 inches in diameter at the widest
part. Three rows of steps lead in to it
all around the building. The interior is
20 feet long. 7 feet wide and 13 feet high.
The fioor is a 6olid slab of marble, and
the ceiling a solid slab of granite weigh
ing six tons. Along the sides of the in
terior aro the catacombs. The interior
walls are of pink Tennessee marble. The
crypt is lighted by a stained glass window
at the end, which pictures a choir of
angels. The roof or the whole building
consists of granite slabs each weighing
fifteen tons, and thirty-two feet long.
Especial care was taken by Mr. Gould,
who watched the construction himself,
that there should bo no ostentation. The
lot cost $50,000 and tho mausoleum $80,
000. It is the main point of interest to
those who visit Woodlawn cemetary.
Is Engagement a Failure?
Mr. Myser—Now that all is over between
us, Miss Glubtou, 1 presume it might not be
out of place to request a return of tho baubles
that 1 lavished on you in the delirium of a
misplaced affection.
Miss Glubton—With pleasure, sir; her»
th«y are. Will you please give mo a receipt
in full?—Buffalo Courier.