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MAN WHO MADE THE GREAT NORTHWEST J. J. Hill Discovered 'Breadbasket of the World' and Led in Its Development From a Wilderness Into What Now Are Six Wealthy States. Janies J. Hill discovered "the bread basket of the world - ' in the Great Northern; he led in its development from a wilderness into what now com prises six wealthy states dotted with 400,000 farms; and he blazed a trail for transportation which reached cvehtnaliv from llnffalo to Asia, with a total mileage of rail and steamship facilities that would nearly girdle the earth. That but roughly spans the story of his achievement. Near Guelph, in Ontario, where .lames J.(rrome) Hill was born in 183S, the spn of an Irish-Ganadian farmer, who died when the boy was IB, there stands a tree stump labeled: "The last tree chopped by James J. Hill." It marked the lad's resolution to go t,, the 1'nited States. lie had been prompted liy an odd incident. Ac cording to the story that is told, aj strange traveler had stopped at the Hill farm to take dinner and left, his horse at the gate. Young Hill saw 111e animal was tired and lie carried it a pail of water. The stranger was pleased with the lad's thoughtfulness, nno as he drove off he tossed him a newspaper from the United States, and called out gravely: "Go there, young man. That coun try needs youngsters of your spirit." Hill read the paper carefully. It contained glowing accounts of oppor tunities in the states, lie resolved to investigate for himself. It was the next morning that he chopped his Inst tree. As a mere roustabout lad of 18, he toured from Maine to Minnesota. When, in 1S5G, he disembarked from a of a of a ns up no of | is Mississippi river packet at j that place was a frontier town oi o, 1.00 j j inhabitants. At the sign of \\. Tlnss & < <>.. agents for the Ihilmque a , St. Paul Packet company, lie found a i job as both stevedore and clerk. | in the IB years that followed ho i seized every opportunity to study the j whole problem of river transpor'ation i He gathered no end of experience and , a little capital with which he launched | his own firm of Hill, Gnss & to., j which promptly displayed its initiative | l,y bringing the first load of coal that I had over been seen in that section into St. Paul. Two years later, with a flat bottomed steamer lie established the first regular communication with St Paul and the Manitoba fertile Red River valley At about that time St. Paul was bav ing its first experiment in railroad building. Eighty miles had been laid to St. Cloud, 310 miles to Brecken ports of ttie j | ,, , , ridge, botb ot which terminals ware j at the southern end of the Red River valley, and there were about 100 miles of track "which began nowhere and ended in that, same indefinite spot." This venture ran up a debt of $33,000, 000 and collapsed, with its only as sets being "a lew streaks of rust and a right-of-way." Hill had had sufficient success In the region to be seized with a consum ing desire to purchase the defunct property. After five years of finan cial dickering, including the sale of all his other Interests, which netted a fortune of $100,000, he and a syndicate of three others—Sir Donald A. Smith, George Stephen and Norman W. Kitt son—obtained the object of this de sire. The St. Paul, Minnesota & Manitoba railway was formed to operate the property, with Hill as general man ager. When in 1883 Mr. Hill wns elected president he undertook 111 tension of the road from its Dakota and Minnesota homestead to the I'aci- ] fle ocean. He was confronted by three great competitors to the south, each of which had received big bonuses as government aid, whereas the "Maui-; toba" or the Great Northern, as it came to bo, known, did not have a dollar of government subsidy or an acre of; grant to forward its progress from the Minnesota boundary to the sea. j In this light. Hill's plan was widely deemed pure folly, but he pressed it to conclusion by building and popu fating as he built, t-or several years he laid rails westward at the rate of a mi e a day, and at a cost of $30,000 a mi e and as he went lie left a trail farms by the railside. le me to 1 uget Sound once laid, he turned empire builder. He introduced the livestock industry into vast areas of buncli-grass plains, and developed them by iinporiing blooded stock; -lie sent demonstration trains through the country with men who showed the people how to raise more wheat to the acre; lie made an outlet ftir tho grain by establishing a cheap rate by rail and steamship to Buffalo, wlr..... 1-e built great elevators; in fact for mi" aids of 20 years he left noth-' ing in It's power undone to develop the country where lie had staked out his claim as the great common carriers. But at the Pacific tide-water he was not satisfied, for he saw in the Orient s-iill further opportunities. He organ ized a fleet of Pacific steamships for tlie commercial invasion of Japan and China. Japan at the time wanted steel rails, but proposed getting them from England, as the rates were less, it is related that when John W. Gates, the steel magnate of Chicago, camel to Hill with the propostion of getting American rails to Japan, the latter rt> P 1 I ,ed: ll , I will make you a rate of $8 a ton from Chicago or Pittsburg to Yoko llama. If that is too much, I will car ry it for the axle grease used on the locomotives and freight cars; and if you can't stand that. I will carry your ireight for nothing." At the $8 rate named, the American manufacturer was enabled to secure the Japanese contract. The same tactics were adopted in getting American wheat and flour into Japan and China, where rice was the t lie staple fnod. His faith in the Far Hast was warded as liberally as that in Northwest. It 1s estimated that, the Pacific fleet, now carries nearly $fie, 000,000 worth of products to the Orient every year. While Mr. Hill built np for himself his associates an immense for tune, he also helped to create for the list in an settlers along his lines a wealth of I five billion dollars in real prop- j which is represented by the value i the 400,000 farms and their fiO.OOO,-' acres of improved land. Upon his retirement at 09, the | "streak of rust" he had bought 30, years before, had expanded to more; 6,090 miles and it was earning gross profits of more than $60,000,000 year, and carrying 1B,000,000 tons freight nnnunlly. He still retained hand in the Great Northern's policy chairman of the board of directors, while his son, Louis, who had worked from the humblest position of his father's railroad, became president. The secret of the Hill success was secret at all, according to Mr. Hill, he had no new recipes to offer. "The man with the big opportunity today," he said, "is the mail hi thp ranks." But the secret of failure he frequently declared to be extrava gance. He regarded this as a national tendency, against which he . t-iiiglv himself, particularly as concerned natural resources. During his active supervision of the Great Northern system, Mr. Hill over almost every detail, to the won of all employes with whom he came in contact. A fugitive instance his recognition in his own country the story of a tourist who declares that there are afloat in the Swedish section of the Northwest upwards of (),|Q different stories in Swedish dia with "Yem Hell" as the center pp,,.,, Patrons of his lilies have liked disliked him in rapid alternation, it was his point to have his way, 011 | y w i, pre pja road should run, where his patrons should settle, T1))(i wns ,. t ot his economic policy. c carrie(| ollt a sinBU i ar regularity , ol . ation of branch lines, giv ., ln jiiimiim of short lines on which , h( trajna wcre avoidable. The principal text of his railway gospel was low grades, heavy power, largo tapacity ears, and big train loads on main lines, and ho began to preach this at a time when these things wore , ld UB visionary by most railway men. In contrast with the into E. H. Har rlninn, who outdid him in the extent railway ownership, Mr. ,11111 was not only the ■financial head, but the prac tical head, of iiis great railway svs tem ]|( , waB the chief promoter and company, organized with a purpose to president of the Northern Securities bring the Northern Pacific and Great Northern under one ownership, to which such opposition developed that suit was brought in the United States circuit court, which decided that the acquisition was an illegal combination —affirmed in March, 1904, by the Uni ted States supreme court. ----O--- Lewistown is evidently becoming a fncvorlte meeting point for the far mers of Fergus county. A committee consisting of R. L. Thompson, county. president; Joe Vanek, county score-1 tary, and 11. U. White met in Lewis- j town Friday to make preliminary nr rangemenlK for the big Equity picnic to bo held at tho fair grounds on the i.tli of June. L. D. Blodgett of the Chamber of Commerce is lending a i, a nd to aid the committee in obtain ;„ K what they want. The committee las secured the Guild hall for tho dance and will make arrangements w m, some hotel or restaurant to feed n, ( , crowd and furnish the supper for Uu . (lan( . c . The committee on sports will have a live program and the huskies from the farms of the county will line up their muscle for <alel,dar and rPadv to KOme Music by the band, Address of welcome the various athletic, events. W. L. Beers of Big Sandy will deliver tlie principal address. Mr. Beers is a man of more than ordinary ability. In fact, lie is a finished scholar and ono of the vary able men in tho farm movement. Below is given the speak ing program. Watch lor further notice oral everybody mark this day on their I i .........................Mayor W. D. Symmes Finance" .....................Sam Phillips Music by the hand. Tho Farmer As a Business Man".... ................................... B. C. While "Farm Marketing and Farm ('red its" ..................... W. L. Beers! Music by the hand. "Relationship of Commercial Clubs ] to the Farmer"....... L. D. Blodgett "Financing the Locals" Joe Vanek Music by the hand. Address................F. S. Cooley "Farm Bureau". , Pro!'. M. L. Wilson Music. ______ " 1 Theodore Terhune of Moore was at| '* u> Height Saturday, i Me- aicl Mrs. W. B. Montgomery of j Hutte are in the city. Mr. Montgom i ery is a member of the state board of ] pharmacy and comes he^e in connee I tion with a law suit. He is an old I friend of J. W. Seiden and Sunday I went out with Mr. and'.Mrs. Seiden ter an auto trip to Denton,and through a good part of the Judith basin. ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY STU DENTS COMPLETE STUDIES OF EIGHTH GRADE. RECEIVE THE PRIZED MAS last, of the returns as to the 1 eighth grade examinations ( T1 final throughout the county readied County j Superintendent Leila linker Saturday evening, enabling her to complete the list of eiglitl) grade graduates for this year, These new additions to the list wilt receive their diplomas forthwith. The functions connected with the graduation or this, the largest class in the history of the county, came to an end Friday night with the recep tiou given the graduates in the base-j mont of the Presbyterian church when j refreshments provided by County Su- ■ perintondent Maker were served. ! Following is the complete list of j graduates: Anderson, Merger, Hlakcslee. Allen, Charles, Moore. Allen, Marian, Lewistown Parochial school. Ayers, C. I„ Denton. Anderson, Alice, Ixtwhuown. Aiken, Jerre H„ Lewistown. Barrett, Bessie, Moore. Bristol, Clarence, Moore, lleedy, Carrie, Kaoliia. Brownlee, Clarence, Kuchin. Baxter, George, Utica. Barnes, Gladys, Lewistown. Blair, Fern Helen, Lewistown. Briscoe, Anderson Stout, Lewistown. j Brown, Nellie F„ Lewistown. Boner, Luis, Moore. Blglen, Cecelia, Lewistown l'aro- j chial school. Ilreese, Paul. Buffalo. Beebe, Lilcile M.. Lewistown. Beewick, James. Hobson. Brown. Kenneth, Hobson. Baclius, Maria, Stanford. Cox, Eliza, Cheadlc. Carpenter, Ethel C„ Lewistown. ! Cross, Shannon, Lewistown. Culver, Sibyl, Lewistown. Cummings, Doris Marjorie, Lewis-i town. Calkins, Ardis, Moore. Coughlin, Ellen, Moore. Cooper, Elsie. Moore. Campbell, George, Moore. Crowley, Catherine, Lewistown Pa-: roehial school. Cox, Surah S., Cheadlc. Currie, Marian, Gerhard. Day, Bertha Helen, Lewistown. j Dahl, Stanley, Lewistown. Detert, Margaret, Lewistown. Downs, Joe W.. Lewistown. DenAuden, Cornelia, Moore. Dnecks, Esther, Coffee Creek. d'Autreniont, Florence, Windham. David, Mne, Kendall. Evans, Kira, Kendall. Fiiikbeiner, Rose K„ Lewistown. Fish, Elizabeth Annette, Lewistown, Foster, Mildred A., Lewistown. Freese, Clyde, Buffalo. Gibson, Edwin N., Lewistown. Gibson, Evelyn Jane, Lewistown. Graham, Harry Edward, Lewistown. Gusiander, Martha F„ Lewistown. Guslander, Vesta W„ Lewistown. Gates, Maude, Lewistown. Gray, May, Stanford. Gaston, Sielie, Moore. Goyins, George, Stanford. Goyins, Percy, Stanford. Cruynn, Vera, Hobson. Goettol, Viola, Kendall. Gordon, Berenice, Kendall. Hamer. Ada, Moore. Hall, Ethel, Lewistown. Hay, Stella. Lewistown. Heffner, Roscoe W„ Lewistown. Hilger, Christine L.. Lewistown. Housel, Oliver, Lewistown. Housel, Francos Gertrude, Lewis town. Hufflne, Theodore, Lewistown. Hughes, Charlotte Lillian, Lewis town. Hughes, Ruth Helen, Lewistown. Huotte, Marcellos Charles, Lewis a town. Heald, Pearl, Moore, Moore \ Hunter, Walter, Moore, ^ Urn ska, Frank, Lewistown Parochial j sc bool, a on L. In I town. i Luckett Irish, Gladys, Lewistown. Jackson, George, Utica, James, Mae M„ Lewistown. Jewart, Juanita, Moore. Johnson, Leo, Denton. Knapp, Julia Josephine, Lewistown. Kinnick, Lena, Grass Range. Kretzer, Rhea, Flat willow. Kearney, tJecelia, Lewistown Paro chial school. Keller, Otto, Rosefork. King, Ralph, Buffalo. Kies, Elina, Ijewistown Parochial school. Hertz, Ernest, Kendall. Knapp, Wyatt, Kendall. Kelley. Helen, Denton. Larson, Marvel Stanley, Lewis town. Lamb, Frank, Hobson. Leach, Julia, Coffee Creek. Laux, Cecelia T., Lewistown. Loveland, Russ A., Lewistown. ] I j t I at| of of old 1 j ' Luckett, Ernest Wilford, Lewis Mary Emily, Lewistown. Luther. Lcda AT., Lewistown. Long, Clement, Moore. Lias, Clair, filakeslee. L.nttt, Doris, Garneill. Linlmrt, Vivian, Danvers. Lewis, Margaret, Lindstrom. Mienblson, Hazel, Moore. Mansell, Beatrice C„ Lewistown. Mauland, Alina Bertha, Lewistown. McCarty, Emma Margaret, Lewis town. McCIave, Elizabeth, Lewistown. McLean, Lucile, Lewistown. Molehert, Berniso Maria, Lewistown. Mathews, Miller, Moore. Metsser, Marvin, Moore. McCann, James, lewistown Paro chial school. McKay, Earl, Kendall. McLean. Willie, Kendall. Metz, Alphretta. Glengary. McGuin, Tracy, Moore. McKay, Raymond, Kendall. Naylor, Viola, Lewistown. Nelson, Mary Pearl. Lewistown. Nelson, Marian, Lewistown. Niliill, Albert, Moore. Nickerson. Blanche, Stanford. Nelson, Lewistown. Niklawski, Mae, Bencliland. ' j ■ ! j j j ! j Nicholson, Esther, Moccasin. Nelson, Anna, Windham. I'armenter, Edgar, Utica. Phillips, John, Kendall. Powell, Rota, Lehigh. Pense, Georgia, Maiden. Peters, Joseph M., Lewistown. Powell, Frances E., Lewistown. l'lovanic, Kazimir, Lewistown Paro chial school. Parsons, Lindsay, Lewistown Paro chial school. Qiiiekenden, Webster, Lewistown. tty all, Gene, Stanford. It: other, Gertrude, Lewistown. Riddick, Monona Aileen, Lewistown. Rowley, Opal, Lewistown. Rucknian, George, Lewistown. Roeseler, Harold, Moore. Royal, Lucy, Moore. Ilohinson, Dale, Moore. Rohrbacker, Harry. Lewistown. Randolph, Earl, Dattrick. Richards, Richard, Kendall. Runnalls, Ruby, Grass Range. Sharp, Tom, Moore. Smith, Marian, Moore. Samuels, Helen, Moore. Sloan, Mamie, Lewistown Parochial school. Sebrec, Jane, Windham. Steele, Clarence, Heath. Sehocffen, Marcellas John, Denton. Kinionfy, Rota, Kendall. Sams, Katherine, Lewistown. Scheldt, Gertrude I,., Lewistown. Seaver, Linnie M„ Ijewistown. Sharp, Daniel E„ Lewistown. Sharp, Marie, Lewistown. Slater, James J., Lewistown. Sloat, Dorothy, Lewistown. Smytlie, William H. A., Lewistown. Spaulding, Way, Lewistown. Spaulding, Azalea, Lewistown. Steffin, Hugh Thompson, Lewis town. Stoddard, Frank W„ Lewistown. Stuart, Abide L., ts-wistown. Surprenant, LoRoy H„ Lewistown. Steudt, Elizabeth, Lewistown. Thomas, Guy, Koliu. Trask, Lydia, Utica. Town, Muriel, Moore. Utley, Wilma Narine, Lewistown. Vadnais, Ovid, Lewistown. Vancst, Loren W., Lewistown. Viinest, Edna A., Lewistown. Veliawn, Thomas W. H., Lewistown. Wallin, Chadbourne Monroe, Lewis town. Warr, Helen Marian, Lewistown. Washburn, Frank <*., Lewistown. Wilson, Edward E„ Lewistown. Williams, Clinton, Gilt Edge. Wilson, Bertha, Moccasin. Wilcox, Dwight, FlntwHlow. Whittaker, Norman, Stanford. Wight, Maude, Grass Range. Wagner. Helen, Moccasin. COLORED MAN TRIED TO ASSAULT OFFICER AND IS BADLY HURT Officer Ed. Nulliner, in making the j arrest, of "Brick" Todd, a colored man, | Monday, was compelled to use force, i not. only te keep the man in custody, | but m self defense, and us, a i esult the . colored man has a broken jaw today.. it appears that Todd was at the | Dunbar club that evening and had been I causing a succession of disturbances, j so that the managers finally were forced to call an officer, Mr. Nullinger responding. He called Todd out of Ihe place and advised him to behave himself, when Todd at once became abusive. The officer finally grabbed him by the collar and was escorting him to jail when Todd dived for his hip pocket to get. a weapon, and the policeman was forced to use extreme measures and hit the man on the jaw, with Ihe result stated. Todd has been in trouble before, but hns never displayed such a spirit as possessed him that night. Mr. Nul llner was. of course, fully justified, ---------O- WEALTH OF U. S. $ 200 , 000 , 000,000 onnnno ic , M . nuc 000,000 IS EARNING INCOME, SECRETARY M'ADOO SAYS. ----- Secretary __.. r ______ will permit," hut, that an adequate office and field force tor the investiga tion of returns must be provided if tho government is to get all it is on titled to under tho law OF THIS AMOUNT ONLY $30,000, WASHINGTON, May McAdoo informed Chairman I.obeck of the house committee on expenditures in the treasury department, that the department is enforcing the ii come tax law "with all the vigor which the small force authorized by congress Mr. McAdoo's letter, which refers to the Keating resolution regarding al leged income tax frauds and evasions, expresses regret that congress au thorized only half of the million ilol lar increase asked for to provide au adequate method of collecting the in come tax, ami says it is hoiiod that the remainder may yet he granted. It denies a report that the government is losing $32(1,000,000 annually by in come tax frauds, explaining that tliis; estimate was based on the assumption annual national income if ootP...... The government actuary, Mr. Me Adoo says, estimates the gross na tional income at $20,000,000,000 and the uet income at $16,000.00«,000, or about $750 per family and the total wealth of the country at about $200, j 000,000.000 of which only $60,000,000, I 000 is earning income. NEW INSURANCE FIRM. Edward Brassey and Alexander Wilson have entered into an insur | al ; Ce partnership under the name of i Brassey fc Wilson. Mr. Brassey lias been in the insurance business lor i number pf years and Mr. Wilson, who I for the past two years has been con 1 nected with the local land office also | handled fire insurance as a side line.! ; The new firm will therefore be : combination of the two individual businesses and will have offices in j tlie Bank-Electric building. ___ q . _ _ i County Agriculturist Carl Peterson j has received another consignment of I special seed flax which he will dis | tribute for seed purposes only. Any farmer desiring to get some of this . j requested to communicate with Mr. ' ft Peterson. East Coast Towns Are in Distress Owing to the War LONDON, May 30.—(3;05 p. m.)—Distress in east coast towns as a result of the war, was discussed in the house of commons today. The govern ment was appealed to for relief, it came out during debate that Zeppelins have visited Yarmouth more than 30 times. Tourists to Yarmouth and other resorts, who in former years numbered thousands, have dwindled to al most none. Arthur Fell, conser vative member fof Great Yar mouth, said 40 per cent, of the Grim6by people have been de pendent on visitors for a living. M0RTALREMAINS0FJ.J. HILL ARE BURIED ON FARM HE LOVED SO WELL (Continuod from Page One.) chairman ot the Northern Pacific hoard of directors; R. H. Aishton, president of the Chicago & Northwest- \ ern; Marvin Hughitt, chairman of the Chicago & Northwestern board of di-! rectors; Daniel Willard, president of .. . * . , , >* , he Baltimore & Ohio. Colonel J. H C arroll, executive officer of he Chi-' cago, Burlington & Quincy railway at; St. Louis; Claus Burnham, vice presi-i dent in charge of traffic of the ( hi- ; cago, Burlington & Quincy, and P. S. Eustis, passenger traffic manager of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, with headquarters at Chicago. As pre-arranged, there was a com plete cessation of all business and A great blast or whistles announced the hour the funeral services began. All traffic on the Hill railroads also was stopped for the five-minute pe l iod. The Hill offices the world over were closed for the day. traffic here fromj 2 p. he. to 2:05 p. m. j The family statement was as fol lows: "St. Paul Minn., May 29, 1916. "Mr. Hill passed away very peace fully after several hours of uncon sciousness. All the members of the immediate family were present except one daughter, Mrs. Anson Beard, who will arrive tonight, and one grand son, James N. B. Hill, son of Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Hill, who will arrive from Cambridge tomorrow. "Vicar General Gibbons attended Mr. Hill during his last hours and will officiate at the funeral services at the house and also at the grave. The pub lie services will be held at the rest donee, 240 Summit avenue, at 2 p. m., Wednesday. Interment will be in pri vate at North Oaks, where a family | mauseleum or memorial chapel will \ . probably be built. ] Or. trilfillan, describing the progress | of the disease, said: I I "Mr. Hill has suffered from intes j final catarrh and hemorrhoids for number of years. On May 18 ho Had a chill. It was followed by a fever, | due to infection of a hemorrhoid. "The fever passed away next morn- ; ing and it appeared the trouble was • over. Three days later slight fever j wns present and on May 22 Dr. Wil- | Ham J. Mayo saw Mr. Hill. At the time, there was evidence of infection , of the skin of the buttock. I "This infection progressed slowly and Friday Dr. William J. Mayo made a small incision in the infected area, "Saturday Doctors William J and Charles H. Mayo returned and opened freely the area ot infection. From this time on the infection sprea I down the right thigh to below the knee and Mr. Hill gradually lost, strength. All traftic on the Hill roads and all boats of the Hill lines will be stopped for five minutes from 2 p. m. until Wednesday in tribute to 2:05 p. i I the dead. i Mrs Anson McCook Beard of New | York, the only one of the nine surviv - ing children of James J. Hill who was not nt his bedside when he died, ar 1 rived here tonight in a special train j over the Chicago, Burlington & Quin | cy railroad. , Accompanying Mrs. Beard were G. I P- Harris, chairman of the hoard, and Hale Holden, president of the Chicago, Burlington & Quiiieey. They are among the first of Mr. Hill's associates to arrive here, to pay their last re spocts. That the absolute control n t tho j First National Bank of St. Paul passed ' from the hands of ,T. J. Hill to his son I Louis W. Hill, two weeks ago. became 1 known today following Ihe death of James J. Hill. The First National hank has a com hined capital anil surplus of $5,000. 000 and more than $54,000,000 in do posits, which makes the institution the second largest west of the Mis i sissippi river, Mr. Hill had planned a great future for the bank and his policy will bo carried out by his son. in passing over the control of the hank. Mr. Hill told his son that lie was more responsible for its rapid growth and development than any other person, including himself, and C at his son was entitled to the re ward rf his ett'orts. At the time Mr. HiP ga.ve his son the control of tho Vaulting institution lie transferred his stock to him. All afternoon telegrams continued to pour in from all partp of tho coun try with expressions of condolence for the family. A constant stream of fam ily friends called at the home ami at the residence of Louis W. Hill, next door. Few entered, most of them merely leaving words of sympathy for the elder Mrs. Hill and her-children. a tjV TUflIJSAND IN GOtD FROM mUUllHIlU III UUl.U IIIUI1I T||C f]| {] QPQTTED HORSE MINE Hit ULU UIUIILL HUIkJl. HUM. --- a E. B. Coolidge, who is operating the Spotted Horse mine at Maiden under in o lease, came in from the camp Mon ! day with gold bullion valued at $6,000. which was forwarded to the United States assay office, of is A. D. Blocker arrived in tlie city Thursday evening from ills home, Madison, Wis. Mr. Blocker has ac ceptpd a position with the King-Fessel Drug company of this place. SNOWY MOUNTAIN HEREFORDS MONTANA RANCH COMPANY, MOORE, MONTANA. HERD BULLS: Carlo (400893); Genuine (387940); Beau Jackson (431246). 150 Osborne and Beau Donald and other cows of the best strains. ROSS BROWN, Manager Telephone 2-F-24. NEW NOTE WHITTEN (Continued from Page One.) this last, act a violation of its sover eignty and thus asks in tile most ur gent manner tnat the Washington government will consider the case and, once for all, define with exacti tude the policy it intends to pursue with respect to the Mexican nation. "To the end of making clearer the basis upon which the petition contined in the present note is founded, It Is necessary carefully to state the facts i which have occurred up to this time as a result of the incursion of a band on Columbus, N. M., captained by Francisco Villa, at dawn March 9, last. j."™ e government, sincere 1 ' a t '? I,eni ' ,, f a,ld w ' th tL'° ? y the Frontier, proposed that the govern ments of Mexico and the United States rG ,, hrat( , an agreement bv which ban di(fi nliE i lt ,, e pl , nlshp( , Furthermore lho Mexican government made this proposal guided by precedents prevail ing in the years 1S80 and 1884 and asked permission that Mexican tones might cross the American frontier, in pursuit of bandits under the recipro cal condition that like permission would be granted tho forces of the United States, should a case similar to that of Columbus he. repeated at any other point along the frontier. Aj a consequence of this proposal; made, in the Mexican note of March 10, the United States government, through error and precipitation, though that the good intention of the Mexican gov ernment was sufficient to authorize it to cross the frontier and without awaiting a formal agreement ordered a large party of Americans to enter Mexico in pursuit of Villa and his party. Because of this act the Amer ican government made most emphatic protestations that it was acting in good faith and that its only purpose in crossing the lino wes to pursue, capture or destroy the Villa band, and that tile act did not signify an invas ion of our territory nor an attempt to violate Ihe sovereignty of Mexico and that as soon as a practical '-esult was shown by the expedition the Amer ican troops would be withdrawn from Mexican territory. "The Mexican government bad m knowledge that American troops had crossed the border until March 17, and \ URs 7ame'from pVivate sources to"'™ I ] Paso. This government then directed a note to the American government I stating that, inasmuch ns no formal of it r Means could not he considered a3 au | thorized to send such an expedition "The Washington government ex ; plained the sending of such an expedi • tion, saying that it regretted the utti j tude of the Mexican government re | warding the passage of troops across the frontier in pursuit of Villa, and , that it was done in the understanding I that the former interchange of notes pt ainly implied the consent of the j Mexican government without further j formalities. | "Tho government of the United j states explained also that its attitude v - as taken in view of the necessity for rapi(i ac ti 0 n and explained its willing Iies9 to receive any subjections of the Mexican government relative to a for ;aa j agreement for the crossing of the international lino by forces of eithe' | country. ! "Both governments then hastened to agreement had been entered into be | tween the two governments, the Amer- i | define terms of an agreement, two pro | jocts of the Mexican government and : t wo counter projects of the American government insisted strongly that the operation of troops in a foreign conn try must be limited as to the number of troops, the class of arms and tho j territory occupied. I "The American government refused to agree on these points but in the last note presented to this govern ment agreed to accept in part these limitations, nevertheless insisting that they ho not. applied to the Columbus I expedition. j "This attitude of Ihe American gov ' prnment caused tins Mexican govern I ment to send a note, under date of April 12, suspending negotiations over i any agreement in view of the fact that I the American government demanded j that the Columbus ease should he ex eluded, and requested the retirement j of the American troops, as they were in Mexico under no agreement snd as a further reason because the Villa ban dits had been dispersed and reduced J to impotency. | "Meanwhile, the American govern ! ment did not answer the note of April i 12 nor withdraw the troops and it was found convenient by both countries j that a convention of military chief tains meet at some border point in at order to treat on the military aspect of the situation and ascertain if by this road it were possible to arrive at, n satisfactory solution which, on Mexico's part, consisted in the retire ment of the American troops from its territory. "To this effect there met at Ciudad Juarez and El Paso on the part of the American government, Generals Scott and Funston, and on the part of the Mexican government the secretary of war and navy. General Obregon, who held a series of conferences in a spirit of frank cordiality." The note states that the conferees exchanged data on the frontier situ ation and prepared a memorandum for their respective governments in which "General Scott declared that the de struction and dispersion of the Villa band had been completed and there fore the American government had de cided to begin withdrawal of its troops under the promise that the Mexican government would endeavor to main tain an effective guard against new incursions." should another incursion "serve to change the belief of the Washington The de facto government, says the note, could not approve the agreement because it contained a stipulation that the withdrawal could be suspended crossed the line in accordance with Mho agreement between the two gov trnmonts and with the consent of Mexican officials at. Del Rio, Texas. government in the ability of the Mexi can government to protect the fron tier." This condition was unsatisfac tory, the note ads, because evacuation of its territory was a question affect ing the sovereignty of Mexico, "which should at no time be subjected to the discretion of the American govern ment," and for the further reason that it might lend a "certain color of legal ity to the indefinite stay of American troops in Mexico in the event of another raid. • i. , ■ The raid on Gleqn Springs and Bo quillas is then .recalled as liaving oc curred during the border, conference. Fearing a new expediion, the de facto government says. General Obregon was instructed to notify the United States "that the crossing of American soldiers on this new account would not. be permitted and that orders had been given to all the military com manders on the frontier to prevent it. ' The note declares that Generals Scott and Funston then assured Gen eral Obregon that no pursuit of the Boquillas raiders had been oidered and that no more American soldiers would enter Mexican territory. "This assurance." it adds, "was reit erated by General Scott himself in a later private conversation with Juan Neftali Amador, sub-secretary of for eign affairs, who had opportunity to take part in the conferences.". Because of the possibility of other raids, General Obregon then suggested to the American conferees a plah of distribution of troops along the border by both governments to prevent such incidents, the note says, thus showing r.ot only the. good faith of the de facto government, "but also its frank will ingness to arrive at an effective co operation," and end 'lie cause for fric. tion. The plan, it adds, was intended as a preliminary to the completion of r definite and reciprocal agreement un der which troops of either government could cross the border as long as such conditions obtained in that region. General Scott insisted on the. form of Hie original memorandum and the conference adjourned, leaving the mat ter to diplomatic agencies for adjust ment. Leaving the matter up as of May 22, thp date the note bears, it says that the Mexican government lias just been advised that 400 men of the American array had crossed into Mexico, the fact being brought to the attention of ihe government by a communication from the commander of the expedition to the Mexican military commander at Esmeralda, informing him that he had The Mexican government, it is de dared, cannot assume that the United States government l as committed an >rror a second time in ordering the crossing without the consent of the government of Mexico, or that the commander of the American troops acted without due authority upon this occasion. "Tlie explonat'cn given bv tho American government in regard to crossing of troops at Columbus never has been satisfactory 1o Ihe Mexican government," the communication says, "but the now invasion of our territory no longer is nn isolated fact and tends to convince tlie Mexican government that something more than a mere error is involved. "This latter act of the American forces causes new complications for the Mexican government, increasing the difficulty of finding a satisfactory solution and the tenseness of the in ternational situation. The Mexican government cannot consider this last incident except, as an invasiou of our territory and it is Its duty to request the American government to order the immediate withdrawal of their new forces and to abstain from send ing any other expedition of a similar nature." Declaring that the obligation of pro tearing the frontier -ests equally upon both governments, the de facto gov eminent suggests that, since American troops undisturbed ty other military operations "are physically unable to protect the line on the American side," ihe difficulties of the Mexican govern ment. should be appreciated. Every possible effort in that direction ha« been made, it says, and insists that raids by irresponsible outlaws should be cases for "pecuniary reparation and a reason to adopt a combined defense, but never a cause for American au thorities to invade our national terri tory." The note written before the with drawal of the Boquiilas expedition, then renews its demand for the irame diaie withdrawal of that force, adding that In any case, after having made its position clear, ''It will be forced to defend itself against any group of American troops that may be *'o%ind within its territory." It refers *o the Columbus expedition as "Interned in the state of Chihuahua," and also in sists upon its withdrawal, adding. "The Mexican government under stands that in the face of the un willingness of the American govern rtent to withdraw the above forces, it would be' left no other recourse than to procure the defense of its territory by means of arms; but it understand:, at the same rime its duty to avoid as far as possible an armed conflict between the two countries, and, acting in accordance with the treaty of Feb. 2, 1848, it considers it its duty to resort to all means of a peaceful character to find a solution of the international conflict in which both countries are involved." RATE ON PUBLICATIONS. WASHINGTON. May 31.—A bill de signed to "revolutionize the postage rates paid by newspapers and maga zines add wipe out the $60,000,003 loss the postoffice department claims it sus tains annually on account of the tent a pound rate," was introduced in the house today by Representative Ran dall. It proposes adopting the parcels post zones to second class mall Mat ter which embraces newspapers, maga zines and other publications.