ORIGIN OF COLLEGE MAZING.
College hazing is so old a custom
that its origin is somewhat hazy. Ono
theory is that it was at least a partial
■outgrowth of the fagging system of
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TOSSING A BLANKET.—HOW THE FRESHMEN ARE INTRODUCED TO
MYSTERIES OF COLLEGE BROTHERHOODS.
English colleges, in which it was the
cusiom to matte new siuueuis au xuo
nial work for the upper classmen. The
hazing which has been indulged in has
largely been practiced upon freshmen,
but occasionally other classmen have
been hazed. To haze means to disturb,
harass, annoy, and it was in some way
figured out that this was just what
ought to be done to men entering col
ege for the first time.. It was decided
that they should be servile and that
they should do whatever they were
told by upper classmen, no matter how
- absurd or degrading an act should br
demanded of them. As early as the
year 1760, sixteen years before the
breaking out of the revolutionary war,
the following regulations were enacted
at Yale university:
"It being the duty of seniors to teach
freshmen the lawa, usages and customs
of the college, to this end they are em
powered to order the whole freshman
class or any particular member of it to
'appear, in order to be instructed and
reproved, at such time and place as
they shall appoint, when and where
every freshman shall attend, answer
all proper questions and behave de
cently.
"The freshmen are forbidden to wear
their hats in the college yard until the
May vacation, and whenever a fresh
man either speaks to a superior or is
spoken to by one he shall keep his hat
off until he is bidden to put it back on.
"A freshman shall not play with any
of the members of an upper class with
out being asked.
"Freshmen are required to perform
all reasonable errands for any supe
rior. •
"Freshmen shall not run in the col
lego yard nor up and down stairs, nor
call to any one through a college win
dow."
• * In the "Ancient Laws and Liberties"
of Harvard similar restrictions upon
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HJLZERS AND ONE OF THEIR VICTIMS.—PRANKS OF THIS KIND
CALLED THE ATTENTION OF CONGRESS TO THE ALLEGED
BRUTALITIES OF WEST POINT MILITARY ACADEMY.
the freshmen are found. Among them
are:
"No freshman shall wear his hat in
the college yard unlesB it rains, hails
or snows, provided he be on foot and
have not both hands full.
"Freshmen are to consider all other
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PAINTING A CADET'S FACE.—ONE FORM OF HAZING PREVALENT IN
MILITARY SCHOOLS.
classes as their seniors.
"No freshman shall speak to a se
nior with his hat on, nor have it on In
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under the town pump, painted with :
green or red paint, made to eat or
drink vile combinations, blindfo ded j
and made to run three or four miles, ,
made to sing or dance or deliver ora- j
tions, while very often they were shorn j
of their hair completely. There have !
been many instances of the most vi- 1
a senior's room, nor in his own if a
senior be there.
"When any person knocks at a
freshman's door, except in studying
time, he shall immediately open the
door without inquiring who is there." ,
Fighting Freshman »'«stained.
The death blow to the hat law and
most of the other absurd regulations
was struck of one hundred years ago,
when Levi Hedge, who was afterwards
a famous professor, threatened to
knock down a senior who demanded
that he remove his hat. The trouble
was brought before the president of
Harvard for adjudication and he de
cided in favor of Freshman Hedge.
Although these regulations were ear
ly overthrown the spirit underlying
them was kept alive and frequently
manifested itself in the mistreatment
of members of the freshmen class The
new college men were "smoked out,"
taken from bed at midnight and doused
cious kinds of practices. Young men
have been thrown into rivers or lakes,
headed up in barrels and rolled down
hill, etc. Occasionally freshmen have
resisted the perpetration of these out
rages. Revolvers have been drawn by
both sides, and when the freshman
who was thus inclined to defend him
self has been caught unarmed he has
often been made to pay dearly for his
self-deiense.
With the progress of education and
civilization these practices have be
come less common in many of the larga
universities, but they still exist to soma
extent and in their worst form is evi
dent from the developments in the
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West Point case. This fact led an old
college man to remark the other day:
"The time has come when the brutal
•ollege hazer should be treated in ex
actly the same way as any other crimi
nal. No effort should be spared either
by the college or civil authorities to
catch the culprits, and when appre
hended they should be given the full
penalties allowed by the law. If a few
of the young wretches, who are noth
ing but brutes ln human form, were
sent to the penitentiary as they should
be for five or ten years it would have a
most salutary effect upon college haz
ing."
Pearl Oysters Do Engraving.
People very often marvel at the
cheapness of the engraved or etched
pearl shells which come from China.
They sell for little or nothing, and
the uninitiated will be apt to wonder
how it is the work can be done so
cheaply. The reason for it is, instead
t>f graving the picture into the hard
shell, an operation that would be la
borious and slow, the Chinese draw the
sketch on a little scrap of tea lead and
insert it into a pearl oyster shell when
it is tender. The inside of the shell in
this manner gets an impression of the
sketch from the tea lead picture, and
as soon a§ it is sufficiently well printed
the Chinese take the lead out and in
sert it in another shell.—Cincinnati
Enquirer.
I
Don't give your guest the benefit of
your domestic broils, and never find
fault with your servants In, her pre»"
en ce.
A TOBACCO SPEECH.
Ealogy of tlie Weed Applauded In the
House* V
It is not often that the Congressional
Record contains such, a unique contri
bution to literature as the speech
ftliich Representative Otey of Virginia
delivered in the house on tobacco. Mr.
Otey represents the Lynchberg district,
in the tobacco growing section of his
state, and his eulogy of the weed ought
to keep him in congress for the re
mainder of his days. is the espe
cial advocate of a bill to allow a larger
ration~of tobacco to the soldiers in the
army, and it was in advocacy of this
measure that he delivered his speech.
"It is a- fact," asserted Mr. Otey, "that
there is no «olace in camp life or on
shipboard like the pipe and nothing
staves off hunger and thirst like the
chew of tobacco." All the smokers and
chewers in the house applauded this
a«c?>*tion, and then Mr. Otey went back
to ancient history. He showed how,
from its earliest discovery, tobacco hai
been considered a curative. He quoted
an old practitioner of "physicke" who
commended tobacco in 1610, and re
caUgd the Words of Harlot, who was
one of Sir Walter Raleigh's exped'tion
j ln ^534 an( j w jj 0 sa |{j t bat tobacco was
, a notable preserver of health. H e quot
j some ij nes j n praise of tobacco from
j s r - s .. Paerle Queene ,.. and W2S
! lal] applauded when he cited the
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case of a man who could not breathe
and whose physician "directed him to
take tobacco in fume and little by lit
tle he recovered his former strength."
There was rapt attention in the house
as Mr. Otey recited the chemical analy
sis of tobacco, with humorous com
ments on chloride of potassium, molic
acid, silica, and ligneous matter. The
peroration of the eulogy on tobacco is
worth quoting: "His patriotism,"
said Major Otey, referring to the sol
dier, "expires only with his life; his
soul is enraptured with enthusiasm,
his memory is on the wing, and runs
back with lightning quickness to the
battles fought and victories won; but
he will recall that the ration of to
bacco plucked from his mind a rooted
sorrow, razed out the written troubles
of his brain, and with this sweet ob
livious antidote cleansed the bosom of
perilous stuff that weighed upon his
heart."—Washington Post.
CHEAP CAR RIDES.
Street Car tine That Carrie* Passenger* j
for Nothing In Congo.
Boma is the capital of the Congo j
Fre e State. It is fifty miles from the j
mouth of the river. Fifteen years ago I
Boma, was nothing but a rocky hill at ;
the base of which stretched a great
marsh, the prolific source of tropical ]
fevers. A great change has been !
wrought in the appearance and condi- :
tions of Boma. A number of long j
streets have been built over the hill. ;
This height has been dug down and j
leveled so that it is no longer difficult
to reach it from the bank of the river.
The marshes have been drained, beau
tiful little parks now flourish, and tho
Boma of today is a smiling, flourishing
town. Piers extend out into the river
and vessels from Europe tie up at these
iron structures and discharge their
cargoes directly into the little cars that
are pulled by small steam engines
along the main street of Boma. The
peculiarity of this steam tramway is
that it makes no charge to any one who
desires to ride on it. The entire popu
lace of Boma may travel between the
town and the river without paying a
cent. Passenger trains, however, run
only four times a day. Tht* man on
the street corner who desires to ha.il a
train must sometimes find it a rather
long time to wait. Though the pas
senger service is so infrequent the
; trains are running about all the time.
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ifor Boma is a yery bu f y p ^ c . e ' ^
Royal avenue, through which the
tramway runs, is lined with stores.
The cars carry goods from the steam
ers to the shops of Royal avenue, or
palm oil and other native products
down to the wharves. At times, how
ever, when several days have elapsed
after the arrival of a steamer, there
may be no freightage business, but the
tramway is as busy as ever, for then
big loads of dirt are hauled from one
part of Royal avenue to another in the
still uncompleted work of leveling the
town.—New York Sun.
The Hybridization of Cotton.
Herbert J. Webber of the United
States department of Agriculture, has
been in South Carolina, making ex
periments in the hybridization of cot
ton. He also tested varieties of Egyp
tian cotton. The cotton growers at
Charleston, Mr. Webber says, cannot
compete with the Egyptian cotton, but
if the experiments of the Department
of Agriculture prove successful the
farmers will be able to raise a hybrid
cotton which will equrjj the Egyptian
product. The department is of ttos
opinion that this new variety can b3
grown in all parts of the stf.te. A
peculiar thing about the hybridization
is that it develops increased vigor. Th&
hybrid plant gives a boU. with more
cotton in it and a boll ttot can b'i
picked with more ease.
Help and comfort your neighbor.
To Mothers of Large Families.
In this workaday world few women
are so placed that physical exertion
is not constantly demanded of them
in tl^eir daily life.
Mrs. Pinkham makes a special appeal
to mothers of large families whose
work is never done, and many of
whom suffer, and suffer for lack of
intelligent aid.
To women, young 1 or old, rich or
poor, Mrs. Pinkham, of Lynn, Mass.,
extends her invitation of free adviee.
Oh, women Î do not let your lives be
sacrificed when a word from Mrs.
Pinkham, at the first approach oi
$
Mas. C abkik BmOTiLia.
weakness, may fill your future years
with healthy joy.
" When I began to take Lydia E.
Pinkham's Vegetable Compound I was
not able to do my housework. I suf
fered terribly at time of menstruation.
Several doctors told me they could do
nothing for me. Thanks to Mrs. Pink
ham's advice and medicine I am now
well, and can do the work for eight in
the family.
" I would recommend Lydia B.
P' nkham's Vegetable Compound to all
mothers with large families." — M rs .
r . AWRig B kixevtxxjb , Ludington, Mieh .
WHERE WE BEAT »EM.
American
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One RMpcct In Which
Ontclaaa the Drltlah, and
Which They Cannot Hope
Equal Us.
He is from England, and not Ion g
from there. He was visiting his friend
in Hyde park, and of course he was
boasting.
"Oh, yes, my boy, the United States
does very well for a new nation," he
said, kindly, "You are great in some re
spects, but look at us. We have our
navy, that beats the world; our'army,
never licked; our great steamship
lines, our bank, Lombard street, the
financial center of the world, our loyal
colonies and all the rest. What can
equal them?"
"And we have age, too. Look at our
abbeys, and our ancient towns, and
our papers of state. Why, man, in
what can you boast of beating us?"
His Hyde Park friend studied a mo
ment. Then be replied:
"Down in Texas there is an old chap
who was talked to just this way once
I by a man from your country who went
I there for his health. And after all the
I Englishman's boasting was done the
man of the cattle country winked at
me, rolled his tobacco over in hia
mouth and spit fourteen feet into the
' eye of a pig standing that far away.
" 'Kin any bloody Englishman on
I earth do that?' says he. And I ask you:
Can he?"
The Englishman suggested brandy
and soda in disgust.
A NURSE'S STORY.
A Graduate of Lakeside Hospital,
Lake Geneva. Telia" an Interest
ing Experience.
Peshtigo, Wis., Jan. 2«, 1901. (Spe
cial.')—One of the most popular nurses
that ever graduated from the Lake
side Hospital, Lake Geneva, is Miss
Lillian Dreese, of this place. Miss
Dreese is the Vice Templar of the In
dependent Order of Good Templars,
and organist of the Rebeccas of Pesh
tigo. During her twelve years' expe
rience as a trained nurse she has had
many opportunities for observation,
and her opinion in all medical health
matters is held in very high esteem by
the thousands who have learned to
know and love her. In speaking of her
experience she says:
"During my twelve years as a
trained nurse, I have often observed
how many different physicians give
their patients Dodd's Kidney Pills in
cases of Diabetes and Kidney Trouble.
About three years ago I myself suf
fered some months with a weakness
and continual congested condition, and
I decided to try what the Pills would
do "for me. I soon found that they
built up the affected parts and restored
harmony to the entire system, and al
though I often lose much sleep and
rest while attending severe cases, I
find that I was never in finer health
nor had more endurance than since I
have used these marvelous Pills."
Clergymen say they are good, Sena
tars and Congressmen have added their
avidence as to the wonderful curative
properties of this Medicine, hundreds
of physicians recommend them and
use them in their daily practice. The
most skilled trained nurses advise their
use and use them themselves, while
tens of thousands of sick and suffering
people are being cured every day by
Dodd's Kidney Pills. They should cur*
you. They will cure you. Try them.
Uncle Tom's Cabin.
"I've been to heap of shows, but I
never seen two people act more like
they was really fond of each other than
Little Eva and Mr. St. Clair."
"Hub! Of court#I She 's his mother.