The Dupuyer acantha. [volume], December 19, 1901, Image 2

About The Dupuyer acantha. [volume] (Dupuyer, Mont.) 1894-1904

Image provided by: Montana Historical Society; Helena, MT

                
Morva-rch o£
The Sea.s
Retviz&n, Greatest of
Battleships, Just Completed
When the Russian unfurls the blue
•cross of St. Andrew on its field of
milky white over the taffrail of the
Retvizan, a few weeks hence, he will
possess the greatest battleship, in
. many respects, of which any navy can
now boast. To find out if all this is
so, the Cramps, who created the ves
sel, are ready to take her to sea for
a preliminary trial, which promises to
be of world-wide interest.
This ship, more than any other that
is even approaching completion, em
bodies every development of the mon
ster man -of-war which had for its
first model Ericsson 's tiny monitor;
and the czar 's officers, who have
watched her grow from the simple
•center keel plate smile now and are
Impatient to exhibit their prize to
naval Europe.
A battleship of nearly 13,000 tons,
that can run as swiftly as an ordi
nary accommodation train on a first
class railroad; that will house neary
800 men, and which, at a distance of
ten or a dozen miles, can hurl 3,400
pounds of chilled steel and high ex
plosive against an enemy from the
four great guns that peer out of tur
rets of steel, which resemble in shape
m
NEW RUSSIAN BATTLESHIP RETVIZAN, LOOKING AFT.
nothing so much as the skull of an
orang -outang—elliptical balanced tur
rets, the plans call them—that is the
Retvizan.
Warship builders the world • over
knew that the czar wanted ships a few
years ago, and all figured on how best
to please the imperial marine ministry.
But the czar not only wanted vessels—
he wanted them of a type vastly im
proved and, moreover, he wanted
them quick. Then it was that
Charles R. Cramp figured out the pos
sibilities, first of the Variag, now the
•crack protected cruiser of the Russian
navy, and second of the Retvizan.
( A Hard Problem.
It was the latter which needed the
most figuring. To build a ship of the
jäpeed required, displacing approxi
mately 13,000 tons—12,775 to be exact
—and float it in less than twenty-six
feet of water, was the proposition, and
its answer is the huge craft now about
to seek the sea to try herself. The
hull, which carries the typical sweep
ing American lines that mean grace
and speed, is 384 feet long between
perpendiculars, and seventy-two feet
two and one-half inches wide, and as
she lies now there are nine inches of
Krupped armor spread over the mas
sive sides for two-thirds the entire
length. Above this belt there is six
inches to the deck line; the gun posi
tions, in casements above, have five
inches of plating. Back of the armor
Is the curved protective deck, which
covers the vitals of the ship. To keep
out any stray raking shot that might
go through and disable a gun or two,
heavy armored bulkheads are worked
in at the ends of the main and case
mate belts.
This is the first battleship built in
this country with a complete installa
tion of water-tube boilers. This was
one of the novel features involved in
the Cramp plan and all the machin
ery is particularly adapted to this
type of boiler. They will make the
steam that will give the two ponder
ous triple-expansion engines the pow
er to whirl the shafts with the strength
of 16,000 horses. Then the twin
25,000 pound propellers will be called
upon to push the ship ahead at the
rate of eighteen knots an hour,
though it would be hard to find a man
at Cramps' who does not believe that
the indicated horse power developed
will be much in excess of the require
ments and that the speed will be
nearer nineteen than eighteen knots.
Russiuns Require S«vere Tests.
When the Russians accept a ship
there is no chance of their getting any
thing but what they order. A Unito i
Jïtates government trial, severe as it
when the vessel is forced at top
speed over the deep course between
Cap Ann and Cap Porpoise for four
hours, would never satisfy the czar's
men. They have a set of tests of their
own devising that, if practiced on all
the ships of foreign navies, would
likely result in half of them being
declared failures.
First they wanted no assisted or
forced draught used; next they insist
that the vessel shall maintain the con
tract speed for twelve consecutive
hours, and incidentally they stand
about to watch the indicator cards
and see that it is done. When it is
considered that the United States
government proving course off the
New England coast is only fifty knots
long and that Uncle Sam's ships steam
it over twice to prove their merit the
difficulty, of having deep-sea room
enough to run a vessel twelve hours
on a stretch and all the time at eight
een knots an hour must be evident.
Builders' Test Is Interesting,
But there is a way to overcome this
difficulty. The modern battleship is
nothing if not a piece of machinery,
and machinery well geared, like figures
correctly totaled, never lie. So they
will run the Retvizan over the meas
ured course, and knowing the exact
distance from mark to mark, will keep
a record of the revolutions of the big
twin screws until the time comes when
a carefully measured space is covered
exactly at the required speed.
Then the time will be ripe for the
main test, and for twelve hours the
ship will be forced onward over a
course laid anywhere in the sea that
gives the required area of deep water,
and throughout the revolutions of the
propellers must average at least up to
the turns that were found necessary
to make the contract speed.
The coming first trial of the big bat
tleship is called a preliminary^ or
builders' test, but it Is much more
interesting, and far more important
than the final acceptance trial of
twelve hours, for it really shows the
qualities of the ship for the first time,
and in addition, every gun will be
tested, a feature totally eliminated
from United States warship trials.
Their guns keep silence until long
after the vessel is in commission, then
the firing trial is ordered.
Has a Terrific Battery,
The Retvizan carries a terrific bat
tery and the big guns are novel to
f.
m
m
V
A
4 'î'.-.T':;.,;
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ONE OF THE RETVIZAN'S POWERFUL GUNS.
American eyes, for the Russians manu
facture all their own heavy ordnance
at the Obrukoff works. They are
really a modification of the famous
French Canet type and have practically
the same style of breech block and,
like all such weapons, are fired by
electricity and loaded by machinery,
except for the pushing of the shell into
the yawning breech.
There are four twelve-inch, twelve
six-inch and twenty three-inch guns
in the main battery, while the second
ary group is made up of twenty forty
seven-millimeter Hotchkiss rapid-fire
cannon. Every one of these has to
be tested, not because the Russians
fear the efficiency of the guns them
selves, but to enable them to learn just
how the carriages and the fittings
stand the strain and also what sort of
a gun platform the vessel is.
Therefore the Cramps will man the
ship with a crew from their yards, all
of them skilled engineers and firemen,
and Capt. Stechensnovitch, the future
commander, will take aboard gun
crews made up from the 100 or more
men who are here as a part of the
crew that will take the ship home.
Once compasses are adjusted the
nose of the Retvizan will be pointed
out of the Delaware capes to the open
sea and she will be run slowly to the
deep water that lies just beyond the
Five Fathom banks, perhaps sixteen
miles off shore. Then, between the
northeast and southwest, light vessels
of the Bank, known to be just 11^4
knots apart, the first speed run will be
made, and when all is found satisfac
tory a northwest course will carry the
vessel far away from the track of any
regular liners or coasters and the
swarthy Russian sailors will be given
their chance to participate in the af
fair.
This they will do by firing each gun
at nothing but the water, first with
half a service charge of powder and
then with the regular war charge and
projectile. The effects of each shot
on every plate, beam and stanchion
will be noted, for the great guns use
210 pounds of the highest power
smokeless powder to hurl their 850
pound pointed clyinders of steel, and
the crush and shock of such a dis
charge is little less than a small
earthquake.
There is one thing sure in connection
with the Retvizan. She will never
catch fire. The lessons of the Yalu
river, Manila bay and Santiago are
now too deeply rooted in the minds of
the Russians to permit them to use
wood in any form in the construction
of their ships. So she has asbestos
bulkheads in all the living spaces and
the entire interior is sheathed with
the same fire-proof material. Even
her boats will be of metal, a step
which has not been taken by the
United States yet, though the newer
ships have precious little wood about
them.
It will be only a few days before
the world will know whether this
$3,000,000 combination of steel is a
success or a failure, and if she proves
the test, as everybody believes she
will, then the world must bow, for
the era of the 18-knct battleship has
come.
The Bishop 's Appeal.
The late Bishop Williams of Con
necticut was a truly pious man, but
was sometimes placed in a position
where he envied the privileges of those
not of the cloth. At a recent conclave
at the General Theological Seminary
they told this tale of the good bishop's
wit: One summer day the bishop went
out fishing with a friend, and, as the
day was warm, they swung a bottle
of rare Burgundy over the side of a
rowboat. When luncheon time came
the bishop essayed to pull the wine
aboard, already tasting in anticipation
the cool, delicious beverage. Through
some mishap the string slipped from
his fingers, and the bottle sank to the
bottom of the river. Bishop Williams
sat up with a sigh, a~d said, with his
eyes sparkling: "You say it, Jones;
your'e a layman."—Boston Journal.
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