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THE GRASSHOPPER MENACE NEARS END ON STATE'S FARMS STATE COLLEGE ASSURES THAT STATE IS PAST WORST OF THESE CROP PESTS Camjiaign This Season Is Great Suc cess; Preparations Made for Next Year Mean Still Greater Reduction of Infection from These Hordes, Assurance tlial Montana is "over the peak" of her crop trouble from grasshoppers, that the grasshopper damage t<> the 1IKM crop is, on the whole, not serious, and tliat there le every probability of still furth er reduction of grasshopper infest ation next year, was given to the agriculturists of Montana at Boze man recently by J. R. Parker, act ing state entomologist, following a conference with his field men at tile State College. Although forced with serious infes tation at the beginning of the year, the entomologists of the college had taken the pains to learn of every Infested district in the state. A map was made last winter showing re gions where egg masses had been found in serious numbers. Early this spring a vigorous campaign was car ried on to start prompt control measures in the dangerous spots. The experience this year has proved the map correct and control measures that prevented serious crop damage In practically every county of the ■fate. Before the poisoning campaign started the state entomologist, Prof. R. A. Cooley of Montana State Col lege, took up the mater with rail roads operating in Montana and ob tained a reduction of freight rates to one-half for all grasshopper poison ing supplies. This freight reduction has resulted in a saving of thousands of dollars to the Montana counties. Counties were induced to prepare for early campaigns, getting all supplies on hand and mixing plants started before the young hoppers had started work In the spring. Story of Preparedness. The story of the successful fight against the grasshopper in Montana in 1924 is a story of preparedness. Young hopers are easily controlled with the poisoned bran mash, but once they reach the adult stage the control becomes difficult. With every infested district In the state known to the state enomologist's office and with material for poisoning cam paigns on hand in every county early In the season, the control for 1924 baa been so complete that in no •ingle county of Montana has serious crop damage been reported from grasshoppers on any large acreage. One of the biggest and most suc cessful of the county campaigns was carried out in Pondera county, where Infestation last spring proved that the farmers of that county were faced with another bad grasshopper year if complete control measures were not adopted. This county had a mixing plant that could handle 1,000 pounds of poisoned bran mash fn 16 minutes, and co-operation of farmers was enlisted to cover the entire crop district of the county. County tax levy provided funds and the bait was distributed free to all farmers. Pondera county, as the re sult of its big campaign, changed a dangerous situation into one of prac tical freedom from grasshopprs, and crops In that county are returning yields that will pay many fold the cost of the campaign. And the best part of the story told by Mr. Parker and his assistants is that the "cleanup" w'hich was suc cessful this year means that 1925 will have even less grasshopper dan ger. Fewer grasshoppers will lay eggs this fall and there will be less young hoppers to handle in control meas ures next spring. The year 1925 should be proof of the claim of the entomologists that a vigorous cam paign one year is better than half hearted measures over a series of years. Centennial's Experience. This experience is found in the Centennial valley of Beaverhead county. In 1920 and 1921 this dis trict had severe grasshopper damage. Farmers and county officials were not convinced that poisoning would pay. But money was raised and ex perts went into the field. They soon found they did not have enough. funds to complete the control meas ures. They appealed for more funds, but there was still skepticism. Then they took county officials and lead ing farmers over the areas that had been treated with halt. It took only a short time to convince every one that the campaign was a success. Money was raised to finish the work and this valley, as a result has had no outbreak of grasshoppers since 1921, although other regions of the state suffered in 1922 and 1923. The entomologists have had help this year from the sarcophagld fly, the avenging nemesis of the grass hopper family. This fly, sometimes called the flesh fly, lays its living maggot on the side of the grasshop per and the maggot entrenches itself In the 'hopper's body and does effective work. Many hoppers killed by this fly have been found In fields visited by the entomologists this year. Another help that spelled thou sands of dollars of value to Montana's crops this year was the cold snap that followed the warm days of Feb ruary and March caught many young hoppers that had hatched in warm days. Cold weather caused lowered vitality for them and favorable to a fungus growth that killed many of them. • The grasshopper outbreak in Mon tana has obtained some unwelcome comment in the past three or four years and Montana farmers and bust, ness men are receiving with welcome the news that the 192.4 damage ■egligible and that there are pros pects for even less trouble in 1925. Treasure State Farm and Livestock HERE IS A REAL MONTANA FARM PAGE The leading articles on this page are prepared by experts of the State Agricultural College at Boze man, where the state and federal governments are expending large sums of money in experimentation determine the best tillage methods for Montana, and these articles are descriptive of the results of is urged to file these articles away. fo this work. Every farmer reader of this newspaper I TURKEYS A GOOD MONTANA CROP , i i ARMERS who came to Montana from the East brought with them the idea that turkeys are difficult to raise. There is difficulty with turkeys in the eastern states where range is limited and where the disease blackhead ravages entire flocks. But in Montana, with its practical freedom from the disease, because of the range, turkey raising has become an important industry. Montana will this fall produce a larger supply of turkeys for the holi day markets than ever before. Turkeys do best where there Is little rain, especially in the spring, and are not seriously affected by the cold if provided with some sort of shelter from storms and winds. The cereal crops grown in this state are ideal for turkey feeding, and when allowed to range the birds will feed largely on grasshoppers and insects during the summer. They pick up a large amount of grain from the stub ble in the fall, and with a little ex tra feeding they can be finished quickly for the holiday markets. During the summer turkeys should receive only a small amount of grain. These feedings will depend upon the quantity of bugs, grasshoppers and other feed they can pick up on the range. Most breeders prefer to give a light feeding of equal parts of wheat and oats in themornlng and a somewhat heavier feed at roosting time. The night feeding is largely to induce the turkeys to come to roost. For the best results in the summer the turkeys should be kept on the range. Turkeys do not fatten well during hot weather and therefore fattening for market should not begin until the first of October when the weather begins to get cool. On account of their nervous tem perament turkeys do not take well to confinement in pens and as a gen eral rule will fatten better If allowed to range. The amount at exercise should be restricted as much as pos sible to still keep them contented. The market season for turkeys is fairly short, extending ; 'rom about the middle of November to the last of F Cutlcura for Sore Hand*. ßoak hands on retiring in the hot euds of Cutlcura Soap, dry and rub in Cu tlcurn Ointment. Ointment with tissue paper. This Is only one of the tilings Cutlcura will do if Soap, Ointment and Talcum are used tor nil toilet ou rnoses.—Adv. Remove surplus AN OFFICE POSITION With ■ good Hltry, ti ready (or yon when you complete a course at this effi cient school. Graduates make good and advance rapidly. Thorough training in Stenography, Bookkeeping and Accounting, Secretar ial work and Civil Service preparation. We help yon get the desired position when qualified, ao as to realise cash di vidends on your education. Enter any time. If yon can't come to the achool, our Borne Study Department brings the school to you. Write today for full information abont preparing for an of (tca position. MONTANA BUSINESS INSTITUTE Mile* City Montan» | j j a is Two Grazing Tracts Bordering Lolo National Forest 25,000 ACRES and 10,000 ACRES AT 3 PER ACRE Splendid grass, water, brouse and shade. Has a eouthern slope giving early pasture. Railroad spur touches the land Terms; 10 down, balance divided Into 10 yearly payments. per cent BLACKFOOT LAND DEVELOPMENT CO. »rawer lfi»0, Missoula, Moot. Preparing Grains, Grasses And Other Products For Exhibit at Fairs and Shows From Montana State College HERE are certain "tricks of the trade" known to stockmen who fit their animals for the show ring. The fitting of the animals for the ring plays a big part in the deci sion of the judges, since the prize awarding is governed to some extent by Just plain "looks" of the exhibit. This is as true of grains and grass es as it is of animals. The farmer who showis grains and grasses in competition should know the prin ciples of fitting exhibits for the show table. It has been noted at county and state fairs in recent years that few farmers know how to prepare their exhibits properly. For the benefit of farmers who want thelatest information along this line the State College extension service has issued a bulletin on "Ga thering and Preparing Show Grains and Grasses." This bulletin is dis tributed free in Montana from the ex tension service in Bozeman. Grasses that are to be entered in the show should be gathered when the heads are well out of the boot, says H. R. Sumner, editor of the bul letin, and they should bo gathered when the leaves are not only plenti ful but of a fresh, green color. A sample will be judged principally upon its showing of superior forage quality, its apparent feeding value. Care should be used to obtain a lux uriant clump of long, fine stemmed material. After cutting close to the ground to obtain all the foliage, the sample should be cured In a way to hold the natural green color. This is done by spreading the sample out on a clean floor or table In some out building, taking care that no strong light strikes it. As the sample is be ing spread out, still green, all dried stems, weeds And foreign grasses should be removed, thus insuring a pure sample for the exhibit. After the sample has dried suffi ciently so that it will not mold when gathered in bunches, it should be tied rather loosely about the butt and hung up with the heads down, taking care that It Is allowed to swing free and not touched on any side. In cases where only a limited amount of space is available the sample may be divided into a number of small bunches, tied loosely and hung on a wire stretched for that purpose. It Is difficult to obtain a sample that shows both yield and fine quali ty. Consequently It often happens that the finest stemmed sample of timothy or red top lacks in strength of stem. In such a case many exhib itors cause a coarser and larger T CULLING OF HENS SHOULD TAKE PLACE IN AUGUST August is a good month for culling the poorest hens from the farm flock. There are many points about the hen that will show her egg laying ability without the actual egg record. Farm ers who have practiced careful cull ing find that egg profits are quickly increased. The hen with fine glossy feathers is apt to be a poor egg producer, while the worn and ragged looking bird often is the best producer, Good egg producers molt later than poor hens, the good hens molting gen erally from September to December, while the poor hens molt from June to August. County agents and ex tension workers can provide farmers with charts with culling instructions, or can inform them when and where county culling demonstrations are to be held. Culling demonstrations in the past year were attended by hun dreds of Montana farmers, who are becoming convinced that culling is the only method of Insurance against non-profit birds in the farm flock. CARE SHOULD BE EXERCISED HANDLING OF POISON BAIT Grasshopper bait is poison and the farmer who is careless enough to leave poisoned bran or mash where stock can get it need not blame the bait if some of the stock are killed. Every two pounds of prepared mash contains enough arsenic to kill a three-year-old steer. One pound at times is enough to kill a horse. Farmers are ■ cautioned against leaving bait along the road or in the i field where stock may later find it, j or to leave arsenic barrels where the I stock can lick them. Bait left over I from the campaign and allowed to ; get lumpy is dangerous, since stock ! may get hold of lumps that are 1 spread the coming year or thrown out j as waste. It Is a wlse'pollcy to deep ly bury or burn left over grasshopper j bait. i December, when the demand is strong I and market prices are highest. Hens and growing poults should I Ne watched carefully for lice, which j cause much loss to turkey growers, j Tuberculosis is frequently found In j turkeys, the disease belqg detected iby the tumor-like nodules on the liv ers. Blackhead is the most serious of turkey diseases and treatments usually are not satisfactory. The birds should be given open range, their quarters kept clean and places they frequent should have a sprinkl ing of lime. stemmed sample to be mixed or blended with the finer sample to give the sheaf not only fine quality but large yield as well. The center of the bundle should first be laid out and the bundle then built up on ei ther side of the central bunch so that it will produce a finished bundle. After the show bundle is made up the butts should be cut off square with a pair of heavy shears. Most shows specifly that a bundle should measure from three to five inches in diameter at the butt. The sheaf should be tied tightly about six inch es from the butt with a cloth or cord made by several strands of binder twine. A one-inch ribbon tied over the string would Improve the appear ance of the sample. The bulletin goes on to discuss al falfa and clover exhibits, small grain sheaf exhibits, threshed grain ex hibits, ear corn, packing exhibits, shipment and arrangement of exhi bits. The bulletin is well illustrated to show the various processes of handling grains and grasses for show. ero ■9 me War, RgndorecH Great Service to Coeetry (Continued from Feature Page.) them any time for nothing, but this one has done something, so hang him.' Why did not the white man's law say that about Ben Wright?" When the trial ended, four of the Modocs—Captain Jack, Black Jim, Schonchin and Boston Charley— were condemned to hang. Two others—Boncho and Slolux, the Modocs who had brought the guns to the others, were sent to the peni tentiary for life. Boncho died at the prison on Alcatraz Island, May 28, 1875. The hanging of Captain Jack and his three braves took place at Fort Klamath on October 3, 1873. The balance of the tribe were sent to Quapaw Agency in the Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) where in a few years nearly all the older people died, as the climate did not agree with them there. The rem nants of the Modoc tribe is now living on the Klamath reservation in Oregon, a bil having been passed some years ago that the de scendents of Captain Jack's band should be restored to the rolls of the Klamath agency with the priv ilege of removing there. There Tobey Riddle lived, and there she died in the later part of February, 1920, For many, many years she acted as a teacher and missionary to her own race, and was the means of pointing them to the white man's road. In 1875 she made a trip to the East and saw for the first time the power and the prestige of the white people. Tobey Riddle's son, Jeff C. Riddle, now lives at Yainax, Oregon, where he has raised a large family and is highly respected. It would seem that the State of Oregon should recognize in Tobey Riddle a heroine who should be come as well known in American history as Pocahontas or Sacajaw ea, the little Indian guide of Lewis and Clark. It was not until 17 years after the Modoc war that Congress granted this noble Indian woman the slight pittance of $25 per month, which she received dur ing the balance of her life, al though it would seem that this esti mation of her services to her coun try should have been recognized and rewarded at the time her valor ous deed was performed ; but no "back pay" was ever granted her. A monument to her memory is now the most fitting memorial that the State of Oregon could erect over her grave. CHILDREN CRY FOR "CASTORIA n A Harmless Substitute for Castor Oil, Paregoric, Drops and Soothing Syrups — No Narcotics! ilatlun of Food; giving natural »lee* without op'atea. The genuine bears signature of ■otherl Fletcher's Castoria bas oeen ln tue for over SO years to re lieve heble« «Qd children of Constipa tion, Flatulency, Wild Colic and Diarrhea; allaying Feverishness aris ing therefrom, and, by regulating the Stomach and Bowels, aide the asslm- 1 V TAYLOR IS COUNTY AGENT LEADER HE State College extension ser vice in Montana is under new executive management for the coming year. J. C. Taylor has tak en over the duties of Director F. 8. Cooley, who resigned last spring, and whose resignation took effect on the first of July lust, Mr. Taylor has been leader of county agents for the extension service since 1921. The state board of education named Pres ident Atkinson of the State College officially as director of extension and named Mr. Taylor assistant di rector in immediate charge of the ex tension service activities. Mr. Taylor was graduated from the T % :iü: J. C. Taylor, For Many Years a Prom inent Figure in Montana Farm Cir cles, who Now Heads County Agent Work In the State. agricultural course at Montana State College with the Class of 1912. In 1914 he went to eastern Montana as county agent at large and in 1915-16 was county agent for Custer county. He was brought to Bozeman in 1917 as assistant county agent leader un der M. L. Wilson and became leader of county agents in 1921 when Mr. Wilson was transwerred to work in economics. Mr. Taylor is a son of Former Senator L. B. Taylor of Chin ook, Blaine county, one of the promi nent stockmen and farmers of north ern Montana. HAMILTON FARMS SHIP FIRST CLASS BERRIES; BIG DEMAND Red raspberries and strawberries are going out from Hamilton vicinity in first class order. O. N. Kalder, manager of the pre-cooling plant and marketing work of the Bitter Root Farm Products company, states that the demand is far greater than the supply and the berries are command ing $3.50 a crate. The second straw berry crop is Just beginning to ripen, however, and the crop outlook far' exceeds that of the spring berries, which were damaged somewhat by frost. The berries are of an excellent quality and are grown in the terri tory between Charlos Heights and Corvallis. Havre Now Is Fort of Entry. Havre has ben made a port of en try on the north for immigration, Alfred Hampton, district director of the United States immigration ser vice with headquarters in Spokane, for district No. 26. including north ern Montana, northern Idaho, east ern Washington and northeastern Oregon, recently being in Havre to secure quarters. There are 750 miles of border in this district, under an appropriation made at the recent session of congress border patrols are to be established and sub-districts are to be created, of which Havre is one. In the Havre office there will be 10 patrolmen and two inspectors. s UMMER COLDS that make you so uncom fortable in hot weather, are better treated exter nally—-Rub over chest and throat and apply fre quently up nostrils — X/9CKS W VapoRub Ovor 17 Million Jnrt U»od Yonrty Rocky Boy Indians Prepare for Eleventh Annual Fair At Mays The Indians of the Fort Belknap reservation are now making pre parations for their eleventh annual fair, which will be held three days, August 30 and 31 and September 1, at the fair grounds at Hays, near the Little Rocky mountains, 40 miles south of Harlem. Several hundred dollars will be dis tributed in prizes to the Indians who display their agricultural and stock products, and a large purse has been hung up to attract good riders for the wild west program and fast horses for the races, which are one of the big features of the fair each year. Thomas Bad Roads is president of the fair association this year; Peter Stiff Arm is vice-president; J. F. Hea ly is secretary and Anson McConnell is treasurer. These officers are mak ing arrangements for one of the big gest fairs that has ever been held on the reservation and promise a pro gram of wild west stunts, Indian cow boy sports and Indian dances that will attract white people from all ov er northern Montana. Saturday, Aug, 30 has been desig nated as Fort Belknap Day; Sunday, Aug. 31, is Hays Day, and Monday. Sept. 1, is Lodgepole Day. It is plan ned to hold the biggest exhibition on Sunday, which will attract a large attendance from the neighboring towns along the Great Northern and in other parts of the state, who can attend for only the one day. A splendid tourist camp is being provided on People's creek, a spark ling trout stream which flows through Hays, and it is planned to have the main roads leading to Hays, put in good condition before the opening of the fair. o. %"T ivv V Send For Our Free Weekly Market Letter ■7 Every week we send out, free, a market letter that is chock full of interest to every shipper of live stock. Send us your name and address. Remember, there's no charge. And say—if you want to get top price for your next shipment of cattle, sheep or hogs, send it to v iU - V' »v -r f | V \ ■ U,S WEILLER & WEILLER CO. Livestock Commission CHICA60 ILLINOIS south st. rm MINNESOTA Send for Our Free Weekly Western Market Letter Schoolboy I PEANUT BÜTTER Builds Muse w At-I LE Eat More Toast! m It Will It Will TOAST FRY It Will It Will STEW BOIL 0 $1 .75 ELECTRIC STOVE and TOASTER 89c FOR Get Information from Your Dealer Handling FLOOR Made by ROYAL MILLING COMPANY Great Falls, Montana STATE MUST IMPORT LABOR FOR HARVEST Several thousand harvest hands from out of state points will be re quired to take care of the Montana grain crop, according to recent bul letin of the farm labor division of the U. S. employment service. This bulletin gives the Montana acreage of spring and winter wheat at 3,500,000 acres, which is shown to be the largest In the northwest with the exception of North and South Dakota. The North Dakota acreage Is placed at 7,436,000 and that of South Da kota at 6,000.000 acres, including, however, oats, barley and rye. For the other northwestern states the bulletin places the wheat acre ages as 1,000,000 acres for Idaho. 1,000,000 acres for Oregon, and 2, 226,000 acres for Washington. The farm labor situation, which is under the direction of George B. Tucker, will maintain offices for the distribution ol harvest hands at Great Palls, Billings. Miles City, Balnville, and other such points as may seem desirable. All offices In the Dakotas will have full information at all times as to the needs of Montana, and frequent announcements will be issued to the state, federal, and to special and county agents. a Junior Corn Clubs Will Furnish Seed In Rosebud county 34 members of boys' corn clubs are growing vari eties which have been found adapted to conditions in the county. Under the direction of County Agent R. B. Mercer, these boys will be Instructed In the proper methods of selecting and caring for seed corn and they will then be classed as approved seed growers by the Montana State Seed Growers' association. It is hoped in this way, according to Mr. Mercer, that the county's future seed corn de mands may be met with the best pos sible seed.