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TJ
VOL. II.
HAftPERS-FERRY, VIRGINIA, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 22, 1823.
No. 25.—77. «
published, Weekly, by
JOHN S. GALLAHER & CO.
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LATE NEWS FROM EUROPE.
NEW YORK, JAN. 11. i
The regular packet ship James Mon
roe, Marshall, which arrived below last
evening, brought London dates to the
evening of the 5th December.
The intelligence by this arrival is more
than ordinarily important. The Con
gress of Verona has broken up. Spain
has been consigned to France, to inforce,
if the latter thinks proper, a return to the
ancient system; France and Spain, in
consequence, present the spectacle of
two great nations arming to destroy each
other; the allied powers standing by as
lookers on, watching when they may
think it necessary or consistent with their
own safety to assist in putting down the
constitutional system in the Peninsula.
P Great Britain, in particular, professing to
have taken a neutral stand, “ whatever
(says the Courier) may be the result of
the differences, either between France
and Spain, or between Russia and Tur
key.” The Emperor Alexander, confident
in his own immense physical strength,
apparently indifferent whether there
should be war or peace, though secretly,
as is alleged, preferring the former, and
according to late advices from Warsaw,
raising immense levies of troops in the
North of Russia, for the purpose of aug
menting his already formidable armies,
that he may carry into effect his long con
templated designs against the Turks.—
In the midst of this “ din of war,” we find
scarcely any notice taken of the Greeks,
though it is not attempted to be denied,
that their oppressors have been compell
ed to evacuate the Morea after the total
destruction of a powerful army, and that
the remnant of their fleet had sought re
fuge in the Dardanelles, from the pursuit
of the victorious patriots.
'Vv-un rne iimnea lmunnaium at pre
sent in our hands, it is not for us to spe
culate what may, or may not, be the re
sult of the recent changes in Europe.—
The London Courier considers war inevi
table, and openly avows that it is not for
territory that France arms against Spain,
but “ against firiv.cip.les that tend, in her
opinion, to shake ail allegiance, and to
unsettle all attachment to the monarch!al
form of government.”
The sudden breaking- up of the Con
gress at Verona, and the publicity given
to its decision, seems to have given rise
to a multitude of reports as to the prepa
rations for war, many of which we pre
sume will turn out to have been unfound
ed. It was even stated that a body of the
French Army of Observation had actually
crossed the Pyrennees, and penetrated in
to Spain. It was certain that an ordi
nance had been issued by the French go
vernment, calling out 40,000 of the levy
of 1822 ; and it was rumored that this
was to be raised to 75,000 men, and that
all the sailors were collecting to be sent
off to man the fleets at Brest and Toulon.
The Spanish Minister ait Paris was re
ported to have left that place on the 1st
of December for Madrid. The French
Chambers were to meet the first week in
January.
A- letter from Paris of the 2d Dec. gives
it as the general opinion that some delay
v ""•■would take place, in order to give Spain
time to deliberate and decide upon the
ultimatum, transmitted from Congress.—
But, on the other side, it was asserted
that the Ministry of Madrid had already
sent in its decision, and that the Spanish
Envoy at Verona was fully empowered to
declare that Spain would not consent to
the slightest modification of her consti
tution, by the dictation of foreign powers
The'Moniteur contains the speech of
Bertrand de Lis, delivered in the Spanish
Cortes. It accuses the French govern
ment of having favored the factious on
ail occasions—of having furnished them
with clothes and warlike materials—he _
declares that if they continue p'1:;*, h
fresii uneasiness, the moment ahull arrive j
when they shall repent it. (These expres- i
sions are thus printed in the Moniteur.)
He hints at assisting the Revolutionists
in France, and, in fact, reproduces the j
same revolutionary doctrines which were
used by the French Revolutionists. Nor
does it appear from the proceedings of
the Cortes that the Royal Family are
treated with more respect than they were.
The King’s palace is liable to domiciliary
visits, though the private apartments of
their Majesties and the Royal Family are
not to be entered.
A meeting had been held at Madrid, at
which Gen. Riego and a number of depu
ties attended, and where it was unani
mously agreed, “ that Spain ought never
to provoke war; but that it ought to be
wished for as a benefit, if open hostilities
put an end to secret and perfidious in
trigues, infinitely more formidable for a
generous nation, confident of its dignity
and power, and ready to make great sa
crifices to sustain national honor and in
dependence.” Official accounts had been
received at Madrid from General Mina,
detailing his successes against the “Army
of the Faith.”
The fluctuation of the funds, particu
larly the Spanish, at London, Paris, and
Madrid, in consequence of expected hos
tilities, appears to have been very great,
and to have excited considerable alarm.
Active preparations were going on in
England, to fit out. p. squ dron for spec:: \
service. Commodore Owen was to have j
the command.
The Gazette dc France states that a
ship, lately arrived at Lisbon, had brought
intelligence of the death of the Emperor
Iturbide.
From the London Courier, Dec. 3.
A very speedy confirmation, indeed,
has arrived of the important intelligence
we announced yesterday—“That France
had succeeded in enforcing the claim
which she had urged from the commence
ment of the sittings of the Congress, to
the right of an armed intervention in the
affairs of Spain. We announced at the
same time, that some of the ministers to
the Congress, probably the Duke of Wel
lington and Vicomte de Montmorency,
had taken their departure. The Moni
teur of Sunday last announced the return
of M. de Montmorency on Saturday, The
Duke of Wellington was to leave Verona
on the 24th of last month, M. Pozzo di
Borgo, the Russian Ambassador toFrance,
was to arrive at Paris to-day—the King of
Prussia was to leave Verona on the 22d,
to return to his capital—and thus the
main points which have occupied the at
tention of the Congress may be consider
ed as having been decided.
From the Moniteur of Sunday last.
His Excellency Viscount Montmoren
cy arrived here yesterday, on his return
from the Congress of Verona, and had an
interview with the King.
“ After such contradictory rumours as
have been current on the state of our re
lations with Spain—after the discussions
which have taken place on this inexhaus
tible subject during the conferences at
Verona—after the indecision which so
many opposite opinions must have every
where produced, we should find, perhaps,
a sufficiently solid basis for new conjec
tures, in the assurance that France has
occupied, at the Congress of Verona, the
place which belongs to her among the
monarchies of Europe ; and that the Con
tinental Powers leave to her the end and
termination of the affairs of Spain, with
the intention of concurring with all their
force in such plans of execution as France
shall be in a situation to adopt.
“In taking this resolution the high
Continental Powers must have acted on
an idea so simple and so just, that it will
strike all reasonable persons; they must
have confided for the decision of a ques
tion which interested them all, in that
Power whose interest in this question
was the most immediate. I his mark of
confidence, so important for France, she
owes to her own wisdom, to the power
she has recovered since ideas of order have
triumphed over those dissensions and er- j
igvSi.'r s^BR?s2fss»^^ac^a5t^a^s2£3a^3tJKla;3r,.
rot s which have too long disturbed her—
she owes it, above all, to the virtues of her
King, to the measures which he has taken
for placing the country ill a suitable at
titude to observe the serious even ts of the
Peninsula;—finally, she owes it to that
unanimity of wishes and of sentiments by
which a whole people has recently testifi
ed the confidence which it places in the
Government. Doubtless, this important
result must be, to all the interests engag
ed in this question, a pledge of security
with respect to the ramifications which
it may assume.”
Prom the Peris papers of Dec. 2.
A The Congress has changed its place ;
it is no longer at Verona. According ttr ;
an article in the Moniteur of yesterday
it will be for Spain at Paris—for Italy at
Vienna—and for the East wherever the
Emperor Alexander may happen to be.
A new political system is to take the
place of the old. Instead of admitting
in Europe only one single interest—-that
oi the Holy Alliance—the new system of
policy reduces every thing to the parti
cular interests of each separate State.
We remark, however, that the Moni
teur seems indirectly to exclude Eng
land from that honorable union which
has placed in the hands of the French
Government the balance on which, re
latively to Spain, the policy of the Euro
pean Cabinets ought to rest. Will that
power consent to tie thus disregarded ?
But if England does not consent to the in
tervention, will it preserve at least neu
trality? The Moniteur has not released
us from this difficulty.
Be this as it may, it necessarily results
from ttie article in the Moniteur, that
France, in the name of the high Conti
nental Powers of Europe, is going to en
ter into new nogociations with Spain.
We know not whether France.ought
on this account to congratulate herself
on the triumph of her diplomatists. We
also do not know whether our merchants
ought to rejoice at that triumph. At
•present, from the mere fear of war, it is
diffic ult to insure at London the return
of a. x re ohip from Mtiuiii at 5C per
cent. What will the insurance be if
war break out?
But it is not yet decided. It is at Pa
ris the question is now to be agitated,
since it has not been decided at Verona.
The speedy arrival of the Duke of Wel
lington and the Russian Ambassador is
announced, who may he regarded as the
representatives of peace and war. If
they have any thing to say to our govern
ment, it will no longer be in the general
interest of the Holy Alliance, but in the
particular interest of their Cabinets.—
Such is the new diplomatic jurisprudence
established at Lay bach, and confirmed at
Verona. The Holy Alliance is nothing,
the vicinage is every thing. It is in vir
tue of this right that Austria invaded
Naples, that France wishes to invade
Spain, and that Russia will without doubt
invade the East. If we dp not deceive
ourselves this was the law of nations be
fore there was any Holy Alliance, and the
Holy Alliance was only created to make
this law of nations disappear.
.Extract from a firivate Letter, dated
VERONA, NOV. 2 1.
The principal, and perhaps the only
object {‘or which the Congress was as
sembled at Verona, was the political si
tuation of the Spanish and Portuguese
monarchies. The confei-enc.es and deli
berations upon that point are terminated.
With the exception of the Sovereigns
and Ministers who have taken a share in
them, there is no body who is positively
acquainted with their result.
There have been four or five sittings
of Congress specially devoted to the af
fairs of Spain. The Duke of Wellington
has, on each occasion, declared in a for
mal manner, his hostility to every species
of armed intervention; and in so doing
has been supported by Austria and Prus
sia. Russia has appeared to incline to
the opposite side, but without urging her
opinion with much weight. The French
diplomatists were busily employed in
pointing out the danger to which then
country would be exposed, were the royal
authority to be left as feeble as the con
stitution of the Cortes had made it.
At the last sitting, it is said the French
diplomatists endeavored to destroy the
arguments against a rupture with Spain,
and have succeeded in obtaining this de
cision in their favor ;-—that every power
having the indisputable right to make
war against any other, when it thinks
that it has just and imperative reasons
for so doing, France may employ that
right against Spain if she thinks proper,
but that in such cases the other powers
should be bound in Conor to remain neu
tral.
rgBmwqiifr
It is added, that after this decision of
Congress the emperor of Austria, and
even the emperor of Russia, as well as a
majority of the Ministers, particularly
the Duke of Wellington, have, in a friend
ly manner, advised the French Ministers
not undertake this war, or at least to
reject on it weii and maturely' before
hand, as it might place in danger the re
pose of Europe, an event of which it is
not difficult to foresee the melancholy
consequences.
For some days past there has arrived
here positive intelligence that many fo
reign merchants have demanded letters
of marque from the Spanish Government,
for the purpose ox arming privateers, in
case war should take place between France
and Spain; and that a great quantity of
these lettei’s of marque have already been
transmitted to different Spanish Consuls,
particularly those resident in England,
in order that they may be delivered to
the privateers at the very moment that
they receive official knowledge of the de
i
n
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4
4
l
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claration ol war.
There are other subjects to be acted
upon; it is said that the conduct of the
Porte-Ji as been severely characterised by
the Congress, and even by the Duke of
Wellington himself; that the Emperor
Alexander has shewn great indignation
at it; that his Imperial majesty has no
longer any hopes of an accommodation ;
and that he only waits for the arrival of
the Count de Lutzow, to declare his de
finitive determination respecting Turkey.
The envoys form the Greek Government
have not been officially admitted to the
presence ol the Sovereigns. '
With regard to Naples and Piedmont,
the report is very general that the sover
eigns of these two countries and their
ministers, have used every exertion to
get the Austrian troops withdrawn from
them, but the Austrian has thrown great
obstacles in the way of their demands,
which found only a very feeble support
in one of the principal members of the
Congress. People are in consequence,
convinced that the two extremities of Ita
ly wUi a'jq, W- ; '?•)time.. Lc-Oiicr.pT 1
by Germans. It is believed that the prin
cipal reason urged by Austria, was the
situation of the Spanish peninsula.
Extract of a Letter to the London Courier.
PARIS, DEC. 2.
“ Dispatches were sent off this after
noon to Spain. The question of a de
claration of war will, in all probability,
depend upon the answer to these dis
patches. The decision of the Congress
was sent off to Madrid from Verona, and
the dispatches now spoken of, are sup
posed to contain a statement of the views
of France, and a requisition to do certain
acts on the refusal to comply with which
requisitions, a war is threatened.
“ The late accounts from Madrid, by
no means lead to the expectation, that
the present government of Spain will be
willing to make any concessions for the
sake of preserving peace. Tim ad
vices from Madrid are only eight days
old; and by them we find that ‘the Cor
tes were adopting very active and vigor
ous measures to raise a large military
force.5 The conduct of France was free
ly spoken of, and loudly condemned in a
recent debate, when it was again requir
ed that France should give a clear and
categorical answer to the question, as to
her intention to bring so large an army
on the frontiers. It seems that this de
mand was answered by a statement da
the part of the Spanish Ministry, that
negotiations were pending upon the sub
ject. It was declared in this discussion,
according to a private letter, that but
for the aid of France in money, arms and
protection, the rebellion in the north east
would have been terminated long since.
‘‘ All the news from Toulouse, Bay
onne, and Perpignan, relative to the suc
cesses of the Constitutionalists, is receiv
ing daily conformation; and having
quelled this domestic enemy, for the pre
sent at least, it is not likely that the Span
ish government will be inclined, on this
account, to be more submissive.55
■ From the London Courier, Dec. 4.
We have not received at a late hour
this morning, any later intelligence from
Paris than that which we communicated
yesterday. It is probable, however, that,
we may receive an express in the course
of the day, which we shall announce, id
it bring any news of importance.
We have, since our last, given the
deepest attention to the mass of intelli
gence which we have received, both pub
lic and private, and we are irresistibly
led to this conclusion, that war must take
place between France and Spain, Unless
one of two things happen, which we have
not at present the least right to expect
1st, that the Cortes will ahanden ttiipr