The Union. [volume], January 01, 1864, Image 1

About The Union. [volume] (Georgetown, Del.) 1863-1866

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Stu W//UÏB ^»iott.
j. I». M'GXJIOA.N, Editor.
FUDL1SHG» EVERY FRIDAY MORNING AT
G/e»rgetoum, Delaoxart
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:
)»e Copy, ose year, (payment invariably
$1 50
in advance,) # -
}nb copy payment at the close of the year,
For a club of ten copies to
2 00
13 00
address,
address, payment i
Twenty copies to
advance
25 00
abovo,
Th« above ratas will bo uarriod out for larger
wo will send a oopy of tho
year to tho getter up of a club
clubs, and in addition
paper gratis for one
of fifty.
Stu goft '0 (tfomr.
Written fer tho Union.
On the death of Lieut. Albert S. Phillips,
[First Lieutenant of Co. I, 1st Regt. Del. Vols.,
who was mortnlly wonmiod whilst gallantly charg
ing with hid Company ngninst tho Rebel works
Marye'i Iloights, Frctlrloksburg. Va., on the 13th
of Desoniber, 1802 : and died at tho rosidonoo of bis
father, in Sussex County, Dot., on tho 14th of Jan
uary, 1863.]
Dedicate .? to hi » father, Capt. Joint Jf. Phillips.
By Delaware.
Shalt noble Phillips pans in death away
All unliimcntcd to celestial day ?
The hero fallen for Columbia s narno
Forever sleep unknown to ^onerous fame,
While men ienoblc live.in lasting vcrac,
V,vn of all the i.raW, *>" Dn.mtrv-. eurso ?
No. llonven forbids that e'en one patriot mû
And fame be deaf, arid he unmourned by all.
At.,id contending deaths his troops he led
■Up Marye-s Heights, o'er dying and the dead,
•Ton thousand horrors fllled tho vualtod #ky,
Whore thundering gnns to thundering guns reply,
And hell's own-self keeps up the awful cry:
A martial fever runs through every
He bravely leads, who ne'er shall lead again
For ah, too soon ! with glory crowned,'ho ell
Prone to tho canih, piorcod by a flying shell.
Home from tho field, in his sad home ho dies,
Friends weep around, his stricken father cries;
But grief is vain ; he wakes to grief
The clash of arm», «r 1)111110 fields of goro.
Now o'er him sleeping, voars tho marble tomb*
With sad inscription of his early doom;
am,
I
Tho
knows
the ten toil plain,
Ho dreamless lies, »or
Of midnight vigils on
The weary march, the sound of despernto war,
Or the quick boat alarm that rouses 1rom afar.
So lie* in long repose, whom had God spared
A longer life, had greator honors ehared,
But greatest honors he hath early know»,
Who for his country's lifo gavo up his own.
He fought for liberty, but^iow ulwny
Full liberty doth have in one oternal day.
Milton, Doc. 21st, 1863.
Written for tho Union.
The Rejected Lover's Soliloquy.
By Cousis Wili.ie.
My birdie sho lias gone astray,
For never did she love me ; hay,
She scornod to moot my searching eye,
And laughed me in my faoe, to try
If I would still go on, and lovo
Her still. And call her still my dove,
And rest her head upon my breast.
But all ! she loved anuthor best.
She's gono, it makes
That she lias left tho loving lad,
Who would have loved her more than all
The world. If sho could only call
Her still my own. I see her scornful smile,
ltut 'twill not last but for a while,
And y«urs"io come; yes, when she may
Wish sho was back to dear Willie.
feel so sad,
Well let her go—I do not
But ortvn tt teems hard to bear.
O ! must 1 part with thee—the only one
for beneath tho sun.
Äh ! woman ! cruol woman ! you
flay to rue,
That I
Will have thi« same
And when you drink tho bitter cup,
Ilcu.otnbor, you helped fill it up.
did plead,
lieraombcr, Willie
You paid you did not euro indeed ;
You always hated m«, and you ^
Said, " Sir, I'm sure you'd hotter go.
Remember when your sorrow comes,
partaking of the crumbs,
__ made to fill the cup,
Aud made poor Wilht drink it up.
Leioes, Del., Dec. 11/A, 1863.
.That you'
That
you
I
of
a
grifft ®»U.
THE REBEL SPY.
The other day I met a friend who was
formerly one of the lied Devils. During
the conversation which ensued he asked
whether I remembered Bill-, who
deserted the regiment at Fortress Monroe.
"A slender, dark-eyed young fellow,
was he not?"
"The same," replied my friend,
became chums from the first moment we
met at Fort Schuyler; and if you will giv
me your attention a few moments you shall
hear how he came to desert the regiment,
and a few other facts that will surprise
you."
me
'Wo
e
In a few moments we reached
said I, "let me hear
"By all means
.the story."
"Well," began my friend, "one day we
wore sitting in the shadow of a pine tree
encampment at Fortress Monroe,
when my chum commenced to speak ot a
beautiful girl iu the village of Hampton,
■whom he was in the habit of visiting oc
casionally.
"'She is a beauty!" he exclaimed, en
thusiastically; 'and Jack,' he added, lay
ing his hand upon my arm, "you shall go
with me to see her.'
"At first I objected, pleading as an ex
cuse the modesty and bashfulness I always
experienced in the presence of the fair
near our
sex.
"'But sho isn't fair,' said he; 'she is a
quadroon.'
"'When do you think of going?' I
asked.
" -To night»'.
"'But we'll havo to run the guard.'
"'That's nothing,' answered Bill; 'we
ean easily manage that.'
"So at length I promised my chum that
I would accompany him to the village ot
Hampton to see the beautiful quadroon.
"When night camo, and we started on
■odr nocturnal expedition, we had no diffi
culty in passing our line of sentinels; for
by some means or other Bill had succeed
ed iu obtaining the countersign.
"This task accomplished, we now rna-.e
our way to the river beach, and after wo
had walked a short distance, my chum
passed near a rock that jutted over the
water, and showed mo a small skiff moored
beneath its shadow. We were soon seated
in the skiff, which flew swiftly over the
waves before the vigorous Rtrokes of our
paddles.
the place of our-destination—a small, di
lapidated building which stood a few yards
hack from the spot whore we landed.—
There was a small arch-way beneath the
house, which evidently led into the cellar,
and it was to this quarter that the steps
of my chum were directed. Passing
A
Into«.
lie
ge
Q
•oj
U
NO. 17.
GEORGETOWN, DEL., FRIDAY, JANUARY 1, 1864.
YOL. I.
through the archway, we found ourselves
in total darkness; but Bill shouted 'Come
on !' and so I followed, although I stum
bled several times against some empty
•casks, and once came very nearly being
precipitated over a barrel.
"'It's all right!' shouted Bill. 'Come
'What the deucQ tempted you to seek
an entrance this way?" I inquired.—
'There is a good stoop on the outside of
the house, for I saw it,"
"'It's the shortest route,' answered my
chum. 'Here we arc—here are the cellar
steps,' lie continued, catching me by the
arm, pulling me toward him. We were
soon at the top of the steps, wlieu Bill
knocked at a door in front of us. A mu
sical voice 'Come in' and we entered a
hèât! v furnished room, in which
seated an old negress and my friend's
on '!
I sman
were
quadroon.
"The latter was indeed a beautiful crea
ture, with long, bright hair that descended
below her waist, and eyes as dark and soft
midsummer night. She seemed very
glad to see us—Bill in particular, around
whose neek she threw her arms, kissing
him with all the warmth and fervor of her
Southern nature, while he was not at all
backward in returning the compliment.—
The old negress rose and left the room;
and I was just coming to the conclusion
that it would be a good plan for me to do
tho same, when the unmistakable tramp of
horses hoof approaching at a gallop sa
luted my ears and drew me to the window,
Looking out into the night, I caught sight
of a number of grey uniformed horsemen
coming towards the house at a pace which
must bring them to tho door in a few mo
ments.
as a
"The moon, which had hitherto been
obscured by clouds, was now shining
brightly, revealing every outline of the
approaching figures. They were rebel
cavalrymen.
"'Bill,' I exclaimed, 'come here!'
"Still there was no reply.
"I turned impatiently, and perceived
that both himself and the quadroon had
deserted the apartment !
"I shouted his name aloud, hut there
was no response; at that moment a gust
of wind swept through a broken pane of
glass and blew out the candle, leaving
me in total darkness.
"Again I stepped to the window and
looked out. The horsemen had halted a
few yards fron» the house, and were dis
mounting. Presently 1 saw three of them
advance to the stoop, and heard the clat
tering of their sabres and the noise of their
heavy boots as they ascended the steps.—
I could also hear some of them coming up
from the cellar; so there was now left to
but one way of retreat from the apart
ment, the same by which the old negress
had made her exit. As I passed through
the door-way, I stumbled against the bot
tom of a staircase. This I immediately
commenced to asesnd as noiseless and as
swiftly as possible. Arriving at tho top,
I discovered a door which I pushed open
without ceremony, and found myself in a
small apartment half lighted by tho rays
of a lamp which streamed into it from
another room connected with this one by
a door which had been left open. The
of voices coming from the other
ear. I looked
nit:
murmur
apartments, fell upon my
through the open door-way, and beheld a
sight which surprised me. Seated upon a
sofa at one end of the room were three
figures. One was toy chum Bill -,
with his arm around the waist of the
quadroon, and her head upon his shoul
der; while the other was à tall figure in
the uniform of a rebel lieutenant of cav
e
airy.
" 'So Mugrudcr doesn't want the village
burnt yet?' remarked Bill, as he stroked
his whiskers. 'There's an excellent op
portuuity to do it, if he does; for the pick
ets are very small around Hampton at
present.'
we
"'I know that, captain,' answered the
lieutenant, 'but Magrudor will wait until
lie sees liow long the d—d Yankees are
going to stay. If lie sees a prospect of
their going into winter quarters here, you
may depend upon it he'll burn the town.'
" 'I shall keep my eyes about me,' said
Bill, 'and report matters as usual.'
" 'But when are you going to rejoin us,
captain ?' inquired the rebel.
" 'Äs soon as Magruder thinks fit,' an
swered Bill, 'though to tell the truth I'm
about tired of playing the spy. It was a
duced good idea of his—my going to New
York and enlisting in the Fifth Zouaves—
ha ! ha ! ha ! Captain S-, of the rebel
service, a Red Devil.'
" At that moment Hill happened to turn
his head toward the door. Our eyas met
and he sprang to his feet with an exclama
tion. At the same moment the lieutenant
rose and drew his sword.
'You have oveheard us?' said Bill.
Ay, traitor, every word/ J answered.
'• I might have forscen this,' said Bill,
in a ton« of chagrin, 'but that whisky of
yours,' he added, turning to the lieutenant,
'made me careless."
" 'He shall not leave this house alive,'
exclaimed the lieutenant, drawing a pistol
from his belt and peinting it at my head.
"But I had picked up a chair as he
drew forth the weapon, and now with the
quickness of lightning I hurled it at his
face. The pistol was discharged, hut the
contents whistled harmlessly over my head.
I darted from tho room, rushed down stairs,
and nerving myself for a desperate venture,
dashed across the apartment below, in the
direction of the cellar stairs. The room
was filled with rebel cavalrymen, but my
sudden appearance so astonished them
that they made no attempt to arrest my
progress. By the time I had reached the
U 1
cellar, however, they had recovered from
Iheir surprise, and as I sped onward I
heard the report «f two or three carbines
behind me, followed by the whiz of bullets
as they flew past my cars. The next mo
ment I had passed through the archway
into the open air, and with two or three
bounds reached the skiff. Unfortunate,
by the ebbing of the tide, it was now high
and dry upon the beach. I seized the
stern with both hands aud by a great effort
of strength succeeded in launching it.
Rut the time occupied in this manœvrc
enabled the foremost of my pursuers to
gain upon me.. With his piece olubbed
and elevated on high to deal me a power
ful blow, he came on. Rut while he was
yet a few yards distant I stopped and quick
ly unfastened the rope «f the skiff from
the stone to which it was tied. Lifting
the heavy piece of rock, I suddenly rose
upright and hurled it with all my force
at the bead of my pursuer.
« It struck him on the temple, and he
dropped to the beach like a log.
"The skiff was now drifting away from
me ; but I darted into the water, and be
ing an excellent swimmer, soon succeeded
in reachiug it. I clambered into it, and
then looked toward the beach. Cavalry
drawn up in line, with the pieces
pointed towards me.
'"Fire !' exclaimed a voice .which I re
cognized as that of the lieutenant.
" But the sharp report of the carbines
g out upon the air, I dropped quickly
to the bottom of the skiff, aud the storm
of lead passed over me and flew hissing
into the water beyond.
"I now sprang to my feet, and with a
shout of defiance seized the only oar the
boat contained, and adopting the sculling
process, sent the light vessel shooting
through the water like a rocket. Assisted
by the tide, the skiff flew over the waters
so rapidly that before tho men could re
load I was out of range.
" Half an hour afterward I arrived safe
ly in camp, and was just in time to take
my place in the ranks, for, having heard
the firing,«and supposing that our picket
attacked, the officers had ordered the
A message from the
front, however, must soon have convinced
them that this was not the case ; and the
allowed to 'bVeak ranks' aud
it
men were
ran
a
to
as
a
by
is
was
men under arms.
men were
disperse to their quarters.
"Well, Com.," continued my friend,
" this isn't the end of the matter ; for 1
saw Bill again at the battle of Big Bethel.
You probably remembered that, duriug
the fight a troop of rebel cavalry attempt
ed to make a dash upon us, but were
driven back ?"
I answered in the affirmative, and my
friend continued :
" At the head of that troop rode Bill or
more properly speaking, the rebel captain.
I saw him as plainly as I now see you.
But it was only for an instant. He tumbled
from his horse the next moment, with his
head torn from his shoulders by a shot
from one of our brass pieces. At his side
rode a rebel, who upon seeing the captain
fall, drew a pistol, aimed it at his own
heart and fired. The horse became un
manageable, galloped into our lines, drag
ging the rebel after him, the foot of the
dead soldier having become entangled in
the stirrups as he fell. As the steed
dashed wildly about the field the rebel's
foot became disengaged from the stirrup,
and he fell to the earth a few yards from
where I was standing. His jacket had
become disarranged and torn around the
breast, revealing to my astonished gaze
the beautiful but blood-stained bosom of a
female. I advancod and looked down upon
the corpse, closely scrutinizing the fea
The face was familiar. Once seen
It was the
a
a
in
tures.
it could never be forgotten,
f ac e of the captain's mistress, the lovely
op- quadroon!"
Site Jimuff's Jjciiaitiufttt.
DOMESTIC ECONOMV,
Potato Pit Crust. —Boil one quart of dry,
mealy potatoes. The moment they are done
mash them and Bift through a cullender.—
Stir thoroughly together one cup of Graham
flour and one cup of white flour, thou add
the potatoes, rubbivg them evenly through
the flour in the same manner as the
shortening in common pie crust. Havo ready
cup of com meal ; pour over it till all
the meal is wet, then add it to tho potatoes
and flour, mixing till throughly incoporated
together. No more fl our should be added.—
The moulding board should be covered with
dry flour, however, as it is slightly difficult
to roll out.—It should be r»lled very thin,
and baked in a moderate oven, care being tak
en that it is not overdone, as a little too much
baking is apt to render it tough.
[Note. —It i* very essential that the above
conditions should be all complied with.—
Bear in mind that the potatoes must be hot
and mixed immediately with the flour ; tho
water be poured while boiling, upsn the
meal, and the whole mixed together
very quickly and baked immediately. In
attention to any of these requisites will be
quite apt to insure, a failure.]
Soups. —The season fer soups has come
round again, It is surprising h»w fow
families make use of this most palatable and
economical article of diet. A bone of beef or
mutton, a part of a fowl, or a pound of any
fresh meat, properly prepared with vegeta
bles and seasoned will, if, nicely gotten up,
serve more satisfactorily for a dinner than
many a one that is served at a greater cost,
Of whatever meat soup is to be prepared it
should be carefully washed, not soaked, aud
then placed in water quite oold.bringing this,
ono
very slowly, to a scald. If boiled at all, it
should only be after a long siramoring.—
This will bring out all tho natural juice of
tho meat so that whon ready for tho season
ing, and such vegetables ns you choose to
add, the scraps of meat may all bo skimmed
out without loss.
Apple Puffs. —Make a crust thé same as
for cream pio crust, using rather thicker
cream however ; roll a*, thin as possible ;
cut out in small round cakes with a com
mon biscuit cutter ; take one of these, wet
it round the odge, and place in the center a
toaspooniul of apple sauce. Take Another
and cut with a small croakor cutter a hole in
the centre about 1 inch in diameter ; place
the ring which is left upon the first one and
pinch the edge» tightly together. Bake iu a
quick oven.
Those, if rightly made, are vory nico.—
Any kind of fruit may lie used in place of
applo sauce, and simmering down till very
littlo juico remains.
Care of IIens in Winter. —Farmers as a
general rulo neglect their hr.ns in winter.—
They are left to pick up what they can find
about tho barnyard ; if they get sufficient
food, well ; if not, no matter. This is cruel,
and decidedly unprofitable. If it will not
pay to keep thorn in good condition, it will
not pay to keep them at all. They should
have a clean warm place o roost in, and the
farmer should see that they never suffer from
lack of food. A little -grain or buck
wheat, with a few boiled potatoes, turnips,
mangel wurzel or other succulent food will
generally be paid for tho eggs laid during
winter and tho spring fourfold. lions starved
during winter will noî furnish many oggs
the coming spring.
Gas Tab for Posts. —This application is
far better than the old mode of charring, and
is much more easily applied. Charring only
affects the outside, admitting moisture into
tho interior and rotting it; the tar, if applied
hot to well s easoned posts, entirely excludes
moisture. S. P. Wormley of Mich., states in the
Country Gentleman, that seven years ago ho
built a mile of board fence, placing posts,
for ono minute, in a large, kettle of hot gas tar
so as to coat them six inches above tho sur
face. They now appear to be as sound as
when set; the
same
post ol^nnother fence, set
>b-p /»tout tarring nt»
about tl
about half decayed.
How to Catch Sheep. —Never seizo them
by tho wool on the back. It hurts them
exceedingly and in some cases has beeu
known to kill them, particularly i
weather, when they are larjje and fat. Tho
best way is to avoid the wool altogether.—
Accustom yourself to catch them by hind leg,
or, what is still better, by the nook, placing
one band under the jaws, and tho other just
back of the ears. By lifting up tho bond in
this manner, a child may hold almost any
sheep without danger to the animal or him
self.
hot
Use of Ailles. —A profitable way of
using surplus apples is feeding tlioni to all
kinds of domestic animals. Provide a large,
dry cellar for them, wero the temperature will
be a littlo above freezing «luring tho winter,
and they will keep well. Horses aro very
fond of them ; they are excellent for cows,
also for sheep and swine, and are about as
valuable as carrots and other roots.
^rtiwUniuousi.
Emancipation and Colonization.
Tho African slave trade was first inaugura
ted in America during the reign of Queen
Elizabeth, some three hundred yenrs ago, and
was continued under the auspices of the
British crown for nearly or quite two centu
ries. There was scarcely one of the thirteen
colonies into which the institution of African
slavery was not introduced, and established
in the face of repeated protests, en the part
of the people, to the King and Parliament of
Great Britain ; and, although tho people of
the more nothern colonies soon discovered the
inadaptation of their rugged soil and ungenial
climate to slave labor, they nevertheless con
tinued to be tho principal carriers of slaves
from Africa to the more southern colonies
long after they had ceased to import for them
selves, and after our country had thrown off
her colonial shackles, and even up to the time
whan the slave trade was prohibited by act
of Congress.
Tho fortunes whioh have in times past been
accumulated by the purchase of negroes on
the African coast and their sale to southern
planters were mostly amassed by people re
siding in those States where slavery had long
been abolished by law. Moreover, from the
time when the northern States began to de
clare that children of Blave mothers thereafter
born should bo free, the slaves in those States
began to decline in their market value, and
many owners, actuated by self-interest, trans
ported their slaves to the more southern States
for better markets. Thus it will be observed
that the responsibility for the evil of slnvory
in the southern States rests not alone upon
the people of those Statos. If slavery be a
social, political, and moral evil, which very
few will ut this day deny, it is so in a nation
al, and not merely in a l eal sense, and the
responsibility for tho curses it eutails upon
the country is alike national. It is also be
lieved, whatever arguments may be adduced
to the contrary, that the native instincts of
every candid man instruct him that if our
u the institution of
or
it
[ country lrn'l never know
slavery, it never would have been convulsed
by this injurious and wicked rebellion which
now afflicts us.
As, therefore, the responsibility of slavery,
the gains of its oarly traffic, as well as its
evil consequences, have been and are national,
so the nation ought to afford au equitable
equivalent for tho inconveniences attending
its removal.
It is believed that the most formidable dif
ficulty which lies in the way of emancipation
in most if not in all the slave States is the be
lief, which obtains especially among those
who own slaves, that if tho so remaining after
their liberation, they inay in some
bo made equal to tho Anglo-Saxon race,
is useless, now, to enter upon any philoso
phical inquiry whother nature has or has not
made tho negro inferior to tho Caucasian.—
The belief is indelibly fixed upon the public
mind that such inequality does exist. There
are irrecoucilaple differences between the two
races which separate them, as with a wall of
fire. There is no instance afforded us in his
tory where liberated slaves, even of tho same
race, have livod any considerable period in
harmony with their former masters when de
nied equality with them in social aud politi
cal privileges. But tho Anglo-American never
will give his consent that the negro, no mat
ter how free, shall be elevated to such equal
ity. It matters not how wealthy, how intel
ligent, or how morally meritorious the negro
may become, so long as he pemains among
the recollection of tho former relation of
master and slave will be perpetuated by the
changeless color of tho Ethiop's skin, and
that color will alike be perpetuated by the
degrading tradition of his former bondage.
Without this equality of political and social
privileges, and without tho hope of a home
and government of their own, the emancipa
tion of the slaves of the south will be but
adding a new burden to their wretchedness
by compelling them to provide for themselves
and families, without setting before them
scarcely a single incentive to oxortion, or, if
such incentive should exist, it would only be
in the desperate desire that by some bloody
revolution they might possibly conquer for
themselves that equality which their libera
tors bad denied them. The result of such a
revolution would doubtless be their utter an
nihilation of rc-enslavement. To appreciate
and understand this difficulty, it is only ne
cessary for one to observe that, in proportion
the legal barriers established by slavery
have been removed by emancipation, the
prejudice of caste becomes stronger, and pub
lic opinion more intolerant to tho negro race.
work well
measure
It
u
:i
To remove this obstnelo is
worthy of the efforts of a great people anxious
for their own future well-boing, and moved
by a spirit of humanity towards an enslaved
and degraded class of their fellow-beings.—
How, then, can the separation of the races
after emancipation be accomplished ? Coloni
zation appcarR to bo the only mode in which
this can he done. Tho home for the African
must uot be within tho limits of' the present
territory of thoUuion. Tito Anglo-American
looks upon every acre of our present domain
as intended for hint, and not for the negro.
A home, therefore, must he sought for the
African beyond our own limits and in those
warmer regions to which his constitution is
bettor adapted than to our own climate, and
which doubtless the Almighty intended the
colored races should inhabit and cultivate.
Hayti and others of the West India islands,
Central America and tho upper portions of
South America, and Liberia, are all interest
relation to the future
iug fields of inquiry i
of the liberatod negroes of the United States.
There thoy may be provided with homes iu a
climato suited to their highest physical, in
tellectual, and moral development, and there,
under the beneficent protection and friendship
of tho freest and most poworful of all the
governments of the world, they may enjoy
true liberty with all its attendant blessings,
and achieve the high destiny which the Al
mighty has intended man should everywhere
accomplish.
If tho good which would thus he effected for
oppressed people, by their removal from
midst and their settlement in other parts
an
of the globe, were tho only object to be attain
ed by tho system of colonization, that alone
would he worthy the high and holy ambition
of T. great nation. But whilst we should con
fer untold blessings upon them, ours would
be even a greater gain.
First among the benefits which would be
felt by tho removal of the slavos from any of
the States would be tho substitution of tli«
system of freo labor for that of slavo labor.
The advantages of the former OTcr tho lattor
have been apparent in this country to the
most superfiscal observer
century. At a very early peri'Kl iu tho his
tory of the colonies it did not fail to attract
the attention of our fathers that those dis
tricts of country, in which there were the
fewost slaves, increased the most rapidly in
population aud wealth. In some degree it
might seem to be accounted for by the differ
ence in tho habits, laws, and customs of the
settlers of the several provinces ; but when
at a subsequent day these settlers and their
descendants in the peopling of tho new and
fertile soil of the west intermingled with
for more than a
more
each other, the same extraordinary result was
witnessed at every stageof emigration. When,
at last, tho tide of emigration, rushing from
the south as well as the north, had reached
that stream which the aborigines of the
country had called the Beautiful River, the
great superiority of free over slave labor was
demonstrated with a degré* of certainty which
left no longer any room for doubl. To tho
impartial, nay even to the partial and preju
diced traveller who journeys along the banks
of that inajostic river, tho widest and most
striking distinction is observable, and has
been for more than one generation, iu every
thing that characterizes the progressive spirit
of the ago. The valley which is watered by
the Ohio is perhaps one of the most fertile
upon tho face of the globe. If there be any
difference in the fertility of the »oil aud other
natural advantages on either bank of that
river the euperiority in theso T»rrpr,irt*» U on
the side of the people who inhabit that por
tion of this magnificent valley lying on the
south of the rivêr. To say that it is "as rich
as Kentucky' 1 is the highest praise that cau
be spoken of the fertility of any soil. The
State of Kentucky lyiug upon the left bank
of tho Ohio was admitted as a Stuto into the
Union several years before tho State of Ohio,
which lies upon tho right bank. Tho area
of tho two States is nearly equal. Kentucky
was admitted into tho Union almost before
the sound of the axe of the white man had
ever disturbed tho idle dreams of the native
children of the forest. In less than thirty
years, however, from the admission of Ohio
into the Union her population had exceeded
that of Kentucky by more than a quarter of
a million. In forty years that excess was
over three-quarters of a million ; in ten years
more it was about one million, and the census
of 1860 shows that the population of Ohio
is now more than double that of Kentucky.
Ohio now contains 2,339,599 and Kentucky
only 1,155,713 people.
The difference is equally marked in the
comparative wealth of the two States, not
less so in their works of public improvement
and in the advancement and diffusion of ed
ucation and genoral intelligence among the
people.
be
as
a
*>f
in
all
A
of
If a similar comparison of the progress of
any one of tho old free Statos with any one
of tho old slave States be instituted, as Now
York with Virginia, or Massachusetts with
Soutj| Carolina, it will be seen that while the
slave States enjoy a superiority in almost all
the natural advantages of soil, climate, mine
ral and forest products, the freo States have
by their system of freo labor wrought out for
themselves a superiority in almost everything
that can tend to elevate a State or couimnmty
in the scale of progrevsivo civilization. Or if
the investigation should be narrowed to the
limits of even the very smallest of all the
slave States in tho Union, the State of Dela
ware, and an exhibit made as to the compara
tive wealth, progress, and thrift of the soveral
counties, it will appear that in the upper
county, bordering on the free State of Penn
sylvania, and whore there is but one slave
for every two hnndred freemen, with less
than one-half tho extent of territory embraced
in tho lower county, where thoro are ten
times the number of slaves in proportion to
the free people, or one slave for every scoro of
free persons, has far outstripped tho latter
county in tho increase of population, and in
that wealth and material prosperity which
arc the sure rewards of labor and industry.
In New Castle, the upper county, the popula
tion is nearly GO,000 ; in Sussex, the lower
county, it is less than 30,000. In New Castle
tho population has doubled in tho last thirty
years ; in Sussex it has increased loss, about
10 per cent, in the last thirty years. In New
Castle the aggregate assessed value of the
real estate is $18,000,000 ; in Sussox it is only
about $4,000,000. In New Castle tho aggre
gate of both real and porsonal estato is $28,
000,000 ; iu Sussex it is less than $6,000,000.
In Now Castle thoro is ono inhabitant for
every live acres of land ; in Sussox thero is
only one inhabitant for every 22 acres. In
New Castlo tho avorage assessed value of
land is $67 per acre ; in Sussex it is $6 per
acre. In Now Castle the white farm hand
commands for his sorvices an average of $13
per month and board; in Sussex ho can
scarcely command $9. In Now Castle the
average product of the farm land per acre is
at least 36 bufdiols of Indian corn and 18
bushels of wheat per acre ; in Sussex the
average is not exceeding 12 bushels of corn
and six bushels of wheat per acre.
to
to
if
If wo make the most liberal allowance for
the supposed advantages of position, works of
publie improvement, and other and every
other conceivable advantage that can be
thrown into the account in favor of the upper
or non slaveliolding county, and attribute to
them one-half its superiority over the lower
slaveholdiiig county, the disparity hptween
them is so startling that it cannot fail to en
list tho attention of every one who is candidly
searching after the truth in reference to the
paralyzing effects of the institution of slavcry
upon the growth and prosperity of the com
munity in which it is tolerated. The gain to
be derived from its removal is equally ap
parent and wonderful. Let us suppose that
by the actiox of the legislature of Delaware
the slaves could all be liberated by somo
gradual system of emancipation, and that it
should have no other effect than to increase
or
the value of the land in the slaveholding
county of Sussex from its present value, $0,
to $12 per acre, and then estimate the differ
ence between the loss occasioned by reason of
emancipation, supposing that the owners were
not compensated at all, or were compensated
out of tho treasury of the State. The estimate
is a short and simple one.
There are now in Sussex county less than
1,000 Blaves, but taking the number at 1,000,
Sbf W/flUy
j. a*. M'etifciA.v, Kditor.
PUBLISHED BTERT F RIVA Y MO P. .VI .N U A)T
(Jeergetown, Dcluuar*.
TERMS OP ADTERTISING :
Ou* Square, (lû lines or lass) «no insertion, $0 40
On* Square «*>•• inverted »»two tq«*rc«
oao«, ....
T.wo SqvARBü, ou« month,
H " sJk uontkn,
w " #no yoar,
Larger u4 vertidinent : filling oBc-fourth,
threo-lourths or a whole column will be taken at
lower rates, and must bo made the gabject of gpeeiul
.arrangement.
0 70
2 3V
13 00
25 00
-half,
and their value on the average to be $500,
which is nearly double their true worth at
the prices they could command in tho State r
and we have the whole value of the slaves to
be $500,000. This is the item of loss. Now
for the itoin of profit.
There are in the county of Sussex 635,520
acres of land, at present valued at six dollars
If that value should be increased,
per acre.
as it doubtless would, to $12 per acre, wo have
an increment in the aggregate value of the
land of $1,813,120, from which if we subtract
the loss on slaves by freeing then
a net gain to the county or$5.313,120
we only admit the appreciation in the value
*>f land to he $2 per acre, wo still find the
county to be the gainer by $1,104,373.
To make them oqual in their future career
in prosperity requires but the substitution of
honorable free white labor for the degrading
And what is
wo have
if
system of negro slave labor,
true of the least is true of the largest aud of
all the States in which the institution of
slavery now exists.
A BILL granting the aid of the United States
to certain States, upon the adoption by
them of a system of emancipation, and to
provide for tho colonization of free negroes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Représentât ires of the United States of Ameri
ca in Congress assembled, That whenever the
President of the United States shall be satis
fied that any one of the States of Delaware,
Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee,
or Missouri shall have emancipated tho slave»
therein by law within and throughout such
Stute, it shall ho tho duty of the President,
assisted by the Secretary of the Treasury, to
preparo ami deliver to auch State an amount
of bonds of the United States, bearing inter
est at the rate of five por centum per annum
and payable at thirty years from tho date
thereof, oqurl to the aggregate value of all
the slaves within such State, at tho rate of
three hundred dollars for each slave, as the
same shall be ascertained by an enumeration
to he made by tho federal authorities desig
nated for that purpose, at the time of emanci
pation ; the whole amount for any ono State
to be delivered at once, if the emancipation
shall be immediate, or in ratoablo instalments
if it shall be gradual t Provided, That no
State shall make any compensation to the
owner of any slavo who shall he proven to
have willingly engaged in or iu any manner
aided tho present rebellion, or who at any
time may havo accepted and held auy office,
either civil, naval, or military, under the so
called Con federato Statos of America, or un
der the State government of any one of said
Confederate States, and shall have willingly
taken the oath of allegiance to said so-called
Confederate States: And provided, further,
That, iu the enumeration of said slaves, as
aforesaid, no slavo shall be computed who
shall havo boon brought into the State so
emancipated, as aforesaid, from any other
State or country after the passage of this act.
Sec. 2. And be. it further enacted by the
authority aforesaid. That the whole amount
of bonds so to be made and delivered, as afore
said, shall not exceed in tho aggregate the
sum of one hundred and oighty millions of
dollars.
Skc. 3. And be it further enacted by the
authority aforesaid, That for the purpose oj
deporting, colonizing, and settling the stares
emancipated, as aforesaid, in some state ,
• dominion beyond the limits oj the
so
territory.
United States, the sum of twenty millions of
dollars is hereby appropriated, out of any
moneys in the trcastiry not otherwise appro
bated, to be expended for the purposes afor
said, at the discretion of the President.
Sec. 4. And be it further enacted by the
authority aforesaid, That tho benefits of this
act shall only insuro to such State or States as
such act or acts of emancipation,
c
may pass
aforesaid, within five years from tho date
of the passage of this act, and shall provide
for the complete and ontiro emancipation of
tho slaves therein within the period of twenty
from the date of the passage of said
in
years
State act or acts.
Sec. 5. And be it further enacted by the
authority aforesaid, That if any State shall
time after having received any such
at any
bonds, as afbresaid, by law introduce or tole
rate slavory within its limits, contrary to the
act of emancipation upon which such bonds
shall havo been roooived, such State shall re
fund to the United States all the principal
and interest which may havo been paid on
any such bonds.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
A. S. White, of Indiana ; F. P. Blair,
Jr., of Missouri; Geo. P. FisnER, of Dela
: IV«. E. Lehm an, of Pennsylvania ;
ware
K. V. Whaley, of Virginia ; S. L. Casky, of
Kentucky ; A. J. Clemens, of Tennessee.
I have had nö opportunity of reading the
foregoing report, but, without expressing an
opinion upon its merits, concur in presenting
it to the.House.
C. L. L. LEARY,
Of Maryland.
Some idea of the magnitude of the opera
tions of the Commission in the Army of the
Cumberland may be formed from the faot
that from October 1st to November 15th, 8'J0
boxes, 77 ö barrel., and 193 kegs, sacks, etc,
making 1,834 packager, were sent to Nasb
v ;ji e by railroad, and 1,000 packages by
river. Since th. opening of communication
between Bridgeport and Chattanooga direct,
the Commission has sent ftward not less than
a car-load of valuable .teres ^er day.