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ORNMINMNOR OOUNTV TM OITY. WEDNESDAY, DEO. 7,1904 Port Arthur may very properly be called a closed port. The Russians are unable to get out and thus far the Japanese have been unable to get in. When the doves of democracy built their nests in Standard Oil and Beef Trust palaces it was time for the ordinary flock to make for the woods. W he he of is re are sufficiently free from partisan prejudice to intelligently seek for that which is of greatest benefit to the greatest number the trust ques tion will be dUt of politics. Already the legions of Greed claim that they have prevailed upon the President not to call an extra session of Congress to revise the tariff schedules,tandjthey go further and assert that if there is no extra session there {will be no tariff re vision during the nextffour years. In] his'.battle with Greed and the republican managers the President will be very apt to be defeated. It is not possible for the republican party to dissolve its alliance with Greed without causing a general breaking up of the republican party machines, and the President will hesitate long before he smashes the machines. Simplify the Ballot. Through the kindness of D. W. Jewell we are in receipt of one of the official ballots used in Nebraska at the recent election. It is some thing over seven feet in length, and is a very strong argument in favor of some change which will simplify our present method of voting for president and vice president. To commence with, why not omit from the ballots the names of the presidential electors. Their duty is simply to register mechanically "the wishes of the voters. Each state lias the right to regulate its ballot and the manner of its choice of presidential electors. Might it not be well to drop the names of the electors entirely from the ballot and substitute the name of the candi date, and provide that a vote for the candidate for President shall be considered also a vote for the elec tors whose names have been duly registered with the Secretary of State by the State convention which nominated them? This would shorten the ballot, prevent split electoral tickets and simplify vot ing. It needs no constitutional amendment to put it into effect. Will the Tariff Barons Triumph Over the President? For several weeks past there has been a titanic struggle between the President and the tariff barons over the question of tariff revision, and at the present writing it is general ly understood that the President has agreed to defer for the present his recommendations, on the subject. The President no doubt wants to break up the unjust and unneces sary privileges enjoyed by the few to the injury of the many, but in so doing he does not want to break up the republican party, A -there is U.' •|-*-~-JTyfaSre his troubles ©enter. Every republican manager, who is the rep resentative of a state machine, the existence of which is dependent upon the support of the privileged classes, is vehemently assuring the President that tariff revision will wreck the republican party, and t. there is the President's weak spot, and there is where they are aiming their arrows. hi, The situation calls to mind the story which has been told to chil dren ever since the Night of Ages of the mother who, wishing to ren der her son immortal, dipped him in the waters of a sacred river, but in so doing failed to immerse the heel by which she held him. His enemies learned the location of his weak spot, and Achilles was de stroyed by being struck in his un protected heel. Trust Money and the St. Louis Con ventlon. The Tammany Times explains in a series of articles why the trusts contributed vast sums of money te control the St. Louis convention. The following paragraphs area fair index to its lengthy recital of facts: "When tlie New York Sun came out for Roosevelt this year it proved beyond a shadow of a doubt that the great kings of finance wanted Roosevelt elected President of the United States. There might have been some trouble between the President and the corporation about the time of the coal strike when the Sun inquired whether the President of the United States had gone crazy to interfere in this sort of a thing. But no matter what the differences of opinion—-they had all been set tled at the time that the Sun pro nounced in favor of Roosevelt and against Alton B. Parker. That being the case it will natural ly be inquired where Lieutenant Governor Sheehan "came in" and t: what the Standard Oil Trust wanted of the Democratic Party. A thing like this is simple and easy when you understand it. The Trust |r. capitalists concluded that it' was easier to influence a national conven tion than to buy an election. They r, had been compelled to subscribe s, $16,000,000 to the Republican party during the first Bryan campaign. The second Bryan campaign tliough less costly was nevertheless an ex pensive luxury. They could not 1- tell where a third campaign of ed ii.- ucation in opposition to the trusts iv might end. Hence tbey decided to J! secure control of the St. Louis con vention." If the democrats of the whole country had possessed as much in jj telligence and sterling honesty as i. the democrats of Iowa, the agents of {rusts would never have been able to do what they did at the St. Louis convention. a t- Vf+j ."V '•. Washington correspondent of the Chicago Record-Herald, aska this question: "Is it possible for the Republican party to free itself of entanglements and to throw its tremendous weight in opposition to special privileges, or is it so securely bound in the meshes of the great commercial and financial powers that it must leave all such work to other parties." That is the all important question in Americau politics today. Preda tory wealth may strive ever so hard to obscure it and raise other issues, but their endeavors will result in failures. The political contests of the immediate future in this country will be waged along the lines sug gested by Mr. Wellman's question. Why Tunnel the Streets of Great Cities? Many millions of dollars have been and are now being spent tun neling the streets of London and New York, and a measure is on foot to expend $50,000,000 on a system of tunnels for Chicago. Instead of tunneling, why not build the streets two or even three stories high? The second story street might be nar rower than the surface street, and connected by covered walks or foot bridges with the second story of each building. And the third story street might be still narrower, and connected with the third story of each adjacent building in the same manner as the second story street. Tiiese streets could be constructed so that there would be an abund ance of air and light upon each, and they would certainly be a great im provement upon stuffy, grewsome tunnels. Then again, cities could regulate the traffic over these streets and require all teams and heavy loads to go by way of the surface street. The street cars might have precedence on the second story street, and automobiles and all vehi cles propelled other than by horse power might have the third story street. If it is profitable to con struct buildings ten stories high and in some instances twice that height, what valid objection can be urged against having the streets at least two or three stories high? With streets two or three stories high there would be no need for tun nels. Hope. Planting his thoughts and words like seeds, man must wait for his harvest, and Hope helps him. Daily it is his staff and support. Indeed, without tliis joy-producing faculty man could not live. At first child hood is saved by hope of a coming youth in youth the boy, conscious of his rawness and immaturity, is saved by hope of a coming mature development in old age, when the man sits upon the western piazza and waits for the Bunset signal, and realizes that his life i§ now all be hind him, ho is saved by hope that his plan's that are rooted on earth will ripen and wave their fruit in heaven. Not one other quality is so practical. Hope does more for field and factory, and office and li brary, than any other gift or grace. Ambition plants the seed, faith. waters.it, work tills the Boil, incuiptm aiwtMlit President Roosevelt's message has been delivered to congress. Its main features are as follows: The enlargement of scope of the functions of the national government required by our development as a na tiou Involves, of course, increase of ex pense, and the period of prosperity through which the country is passing justifies expenditures for permanent improvements far greater than would be wise lu hard times, but abundant revenues and a large surplus always invite extravagance, and constant care should be taken to guard against un necessary increase of the ordinary ex penses of government. Capital and Labor. The relations of capital and labor, and especially of organised capital and organized labor, to each other and to the public at large come second in Im portance only to the intlmnte questions of famil^ life. Our peculiar form of government, with its sharp division of authority between the nation and the several states, has been on the whole far more advantageous to our develop ment than a more strongly centralized government. But it Is undoubtedly re sponsible for much of the difficulty of meeting with adequate legislation the new problems presented by the total change in industrial conditions on this continent during the last half century. In actual practice it has proved ex ceedingly difficult, and in many caBes impossible, to get unanimity of wise action among the various states on these subjects. Prom the very nature of the cuse this is especially true of the laws affecting the employment of capital in huge masses,. With regard to labor, the problem is no less important, but it is simpler. As long as the states retain the primary control of the police power the circum stances must be altogether extreme which require interference by the fed eral authorities, whether in the way of safeguarding the rights of labor or In the way of seeing that wrong is not done by unruly persons who Bhield themselves behind the name of labor. If there is resistance to the federal courts, interference with the malls or interstate commercc or molestation of federal property, or if the state authori ties in some crisis which tliey arc un able to face call for help, then the fed eral government may interfere but, though such interference may be caus ed by a condition of things arising out of trouble connected with some ques tion of labor, the interference itself simply takes the form of restoring or der .without regard to the questions which have caused the breach of or der. In the District of Columbia and in the territories the federal law cov ers the entire field of government. But the labor question Is only acute in populous centers of commerce, manu factures or mining. Nevertheless both. In the enactment and in the enforce ment of law the federal government within its restricted sphere should set an example to the state governments, especially in a matter so vital as this affecting labor. Labor Unions. I believe that under modern indus trial conditions it Is often npcesenry and even where not necessary it is yet of ten wise that there should be organisa tion of labor in order better to secure the rightB of the individual wagework er. All encouragement should be given to any such organization so loug as it is conducted with a due and decent re gard for the rights of others. There are in tills country some labor unions which have habitually and other labor unions which have often been among the most effective agents in working for good citizenship and for uplifting the condition of those whose welfare should be closest to our hearts. But when any labor union seeks Improper endi or seeks to achieve proper ends by improper means all good citizens, and more especially all honorable pub lic servants, must oppose the wrongdo ing as resolutely as they would oppose the wrongdoing of any great corpora tion. Violence, brutality or corruption should not for one moment be tolerat ed. but Hope points to the coming harvest. Look at these new immigrants come to drudge in street and mine and forest and field. What saves them during their homesickneBB and their bitter discouragement? They are saved by the hope of a coming com petence, of a little cottage of their own, with tli6ir own vine and fig tree. It is Hope that saves the poor seamstress, climbing the garret steps it is "Hope that guides the boy setting forth to make his for tune, with weapons for their battle and victory. Hope is a refuge from life's fierce heat it is a hospital for hurt hearts it is a shield for de fense it has wings for uplift it is also the star toward which man journeys. Great is the power of work, of courage and persistence, but it is Hope that nourishes, in vigorates and sustains the other faculties.—Newell Dwight Hillis. The London AHmmbra has a'novel (lop net. The dog* perform in con junction with a ventriloquist, a»d so appear to talk. l'r»per(i(H of Salt. Ab a all round household remedy there nothing uiorc valuable than salt. A batf of hot salt JB very soothinp In neuralgia, toothache, ear ache and sii.ttilsir affections. In croup it 1B a reliable atiti harmless remedy, the dose being a teaspooufui mixed with a tablotipoonfui of honey fre quently and freely. For a sprain noth Ing will give relief more quickly than cold salt water. Swellings may* often be reduced very quickly by frequent bathing of the part affected In strong brine, and, taken moderately, "it is an antidote for alcoholic poison. It is an excellent hair tonic. Rait and water will remove tartar from the teetb, aud mixed with equal proportions of soda salt makes an ex cellent dentifrice, in cases of dyson* tery salt taken In vinegar and hot wa ter usually gives great relief, and for cholera morbus add a teaspoonful of the strongest pepper to the dose. l-'or dyspepsia aud many other disor ders of the stomach nalt and water will prove an effective remedy, and for colic a teaspoonful in half a cupful of cold water taken as soon as possible is a speedy cure. The same quantity tak en before breakfast very good. The West Indian negroes declare that plen ty of salt administered at oncc will stop a coming attack of cholera. An Austria railway mechanic has discovered a process by which the smoke of warships can he entirely con cealed from view. Come to (lie Point. Many persons who are in the habit of making visits of business commit a sad error in not stating their object at once and in as few words as possible. They hesitate, introduce some subject altogether foreign, occupy much pro clous time, and ail to little purpose. Instead of proceeding to the matter in hand directly they upologizo for the Intrusion, intimate that another time may prove more acceptablo and ex plain until at last the real object Is absolutely forced from theni. Entire Illsrht to Organise* Wageworkeru have an eutire right to organize and by all peaceful "and honorable means to endeavor to per suade their fellows-to join with them in organizations. They have a legal right, which, according to circum stances, muy or may not be moral right, to. refuse to work in company with meii who decline to join their or ganizations. They have under no cir cumstances the right to commit vio lence upon thotie. whether capitalists or wageworkers, who refuse to support their organizations or who side with those with whom they are at odds, for mob rule is intolerable in any form. The wageworkers are peculiarly enti tled to the protection and the encour agement of the law. Wherever the na tional government has power there should be a stringent employer's liabil ity law, which should apply to the gov ernment itsalf where the government Is an employer of labor. Prevention of Uullrond Accidents. The ever increasing casualty list up on our railroads iu a matter of grave public concern and urgently calls for action by the congress. The passage of a law requiring the adoption of a block signal system has been proposed to the congress. I earnestly concur in that recommendation pnfl would also point out to the cougres* the urgent need of legislation in the interest of the public safety limiting the hours of labor for railroad employees In train service up on railroads engaged in interstate com merce and providing that only trained and experienced persons be employed in positions of responsibility connected with the operation of trains. The safety appliance law, as amend ed by the act of Marcji 2, 1903, has prqved beneficial toWrailway employees, and in order that its provisions may be properly carried out the force of in spectors provided for by appropriation should be largely increased. This serv ice has passed the experimental stage and should receive generous recogni tion by the congress. Unionism In Government Offices. There is no objection to employees of the government forming or belonging to uuions, but the government can nei ther discriminate for nor discriminate against nonunion meu who are in its employment or who seek to be em ployed under it. Moreover, it is a very grave impropriety for government em ployees to band themselves together for the purpose of extorting improperly high salaries from the government Especially Ls this true of those within the classified service. The letter car riers, both municipal, and rural, are as -u&oeueni DGOf' St public servants, ^hey should be amply paid. But their payment must be obtained by arguing their claims fairly and hon orably before the congress and not by banding together for the defeat of those congressmen who refuse to give promises which they cannot in con science give. The administration has taken steps to prevent and punish abuses of this nature, but It will bo wise for the cougress to supplement this action by legislation. Bureau of labor. Much can be done by the government In labor matters merely by giving pub licity to certain conditions. The bureau of labor has done excellent work of this kind In many different directions. I shall shortly lay before you In a spe cial message the full report of the in vestigation of the bureau of labor Into tlie Colorado mining strike, as this Is a strike in which certain very evil forces, which are more or less at work every where under the conditions of modern Industrialism, became startllngly prom inent It ls greatly to bo wished that the department of commerce and la bor, through the labor bureau, should compile and arrange for the congress a list of the labor laws of the various states and should be given the means to investigate and report to the con gress upon the labor conditions in the manufacturing and mining regions throughout the country, both as to wages, as to hours of labor, as to the labor of women and children and as to the effect In the various labor centers of immigration from abroad. In this Investigation -especial attention should be paid to the conditions of child labor and child labor legislation in the several states. Corporations. When we come to deal with great corporations the need for the govern ment to act directly is far greater than In the case of labor, because great cor porations can become such only by en gaging in Interstate commerce, and In terstate commerce ls peculiarly the field of the general government. It is an absurdity to expect to eliminate the abuses in great corporations by state action. It ls difficult to be patient with an argument that such matters should be left to the states, because more than one. state pursues the policy of creat ing on easy terms corporations which are never operated within that state at all, but in other states whose laws they Ignore. The national government alone can deal adequately with these great corporations. To try to deal with them in an intemperate, destruc tive or demagogic spirit would in all probability mean that nothing what ever would be accomplished, and with absolute certainty that if anything were accomplished It would be of a harmful nature. The American peo ple need to continue to show the very qualities that they have shown—that Is, moderation, good sense, the earnest desire to avoid doing any damage and yet the quiet determination to proceed, step by step, without halt and without hurry, in eliminating or at least in minimizing whatever of mischief or of evil there ls to interstate commerce in the conduct of great corporations. They are acting In no spirit of hostility to wealth, either individual or eor po*ate. They are not against the. rich man any more than against the poor man. On the contrary, theyTire friend ly alike toward rich man and toward poor man, provided only that each acts in a spirit of Justice and decency to ward his fellows. Great corporations are necessary, and only men of great and singular mental power can man age such corporations successfully, and such men must have great re wards. But these corporations should be managed with due regard to the Interest of the pnbllc as a whole. Where this can be done under the pres ent laws, tt must be done. Where these laws come short others should be enacted to'supplement them. Bnrean of Corporations.1 The bureau of corporations has made careful preliminary Investigation of many important corporations. It will make a special report on the beef in dustry. The policy of the bureau Is to ac complish the purposes of its creation by co-operation," not antagonism by making constructive legislation, not destructive prosecution, the Immediate object of Its inquiries by conservative Investigation of law and fact and by refusal to Issue Incomplete and hence necessarily Inaccurate reports. Its pol icy belng.thus one of open Inquiry into a lid not attack upon business, the bu reau has been able to gain not only the confidence, bnt, better still, the co-op eration, of men engaged In legitimate business. Tbe bureau offers to the eongresB the means of getting at the cost of pro duction of our various great staples of commerce. Of necessity the careful investigation of special corporations will afford the commissioner knowledge of certain business facts, t£e publication of which might be an Improper infringement of private rights. The method of making public the results of these Investiga tions affords, under the law, a means for the protection of private rights. The congress will have all facts except such as would give to another cor poration Information which would In jure the legitimate business of a com petitor and destroy the incentive for individual superiority and thrift The bureau lias also made exhaustive examinations into the legal condition under which corporate business is car ried on In the various Btates, Into all Judicial decisions on the subject and into the variolic systems of corporate taxation in use. I call special attention to the report of the chief of the bureau, and I earnestly ask that the congress carefully consider tlie report and rec ommendations of the commissioner on this subject. The business of Insurance vitally af fects the great mass of the people of the tJnltcd States and ls national and not local in Its application. It Involves a multitude of transactions among the people of the different states and be twoen American companies and for eign governments. I urge that the con gress carefully consider whether the power of the bureau of corporations cannot constitutionally be extended to cover interstate transactions in insur ance. Rebates. Above all else we must strive to keep the highways of commerce open to all on equal terms, and to do this it Is nec essary to put a complete stop to all re bates. Whether the shipper or the rail road Is to blame makes no difference. The rebate must bo stopped, the abuses of the private car and private terminal track and side track systems must bo stopped, and the legislation of the Fif ty-eighth congress which declares it to be unlawful for any person or corpora tion to offer, grant, give, solicit, accept or receive any rebate, concession or discrimination in respect of the trans portation of any property in interstate or foreign commerce whereby such property shall by any device whatever be transported at a less rate than that named In the tariffs published by the currier must be enforced. While I am of the opinion that at present It would .... jim ... niiiiii.iiiiii't- I,,..1- .. ... tie unffeslrable'irft-wcro udtlmpractl cablc finally to clothe the interstate commerce commission with general au Vthority to fix railroad rates, I do be lieve that as a fair security to ship pers the commission should be vested with the power where a given rate has been challenged and after full hearing found to be unreasonable to decide, sub ject to Judicial review, what shall be a reasonable rate to take its place, the ruling of the commission to take' effect Irrigation. During the two and a half years that have elapsed since the passage of the reclamation act rapid progress has been made in the surveys and exami nations of the opportunities for recla mation in the thirteen states and three territories of the arid west Construc tion has already been begun on the lar gest and most Important of the irriga tion works, and plans are being com pleted for works which will utilize the funds now available. The forest policy of the government is just now a subject of* vivid public interest throughout the west and to the people of the United States in general. The forest reserves themselves are of extreme value to the preseut as well as to the future welfare of all the western public land states. They pow erfully affect the use and disposal of the public lands. They are of spe cial importance because they pre serve the water supply and the supply of timber for domestic purposes aud so promote settlement under the reclama tion act Indeed they are essential to the welfare of every one of the great interests of the west I have repeatedly called attention to the confusion which exists in govern ment forest matters because the work is scattered among three Independent organizations. As I have recommend ed, all the forest work of the govern ment should be concentrated in the de partment of agriculture, where the larger" part of that work is already done. The Canyon of the Colorado should be made a national park, and the national park system should in -elude the Yosemlte and as many as possible of the groves of giant trees in California. Pension*. The veterans of the civil war have a claim upon the nation such as no other body of our citizens possess. The pension bureau has never in its history been managed in a more satisfactory manner than is now the case. Consular Service. Oar consular system needs improve ment Salaries should be substituted for fees, and the proper classification, grading and transfer of consular of ficers should be provided. I am not prepared to say that a competitive sys tem of examinations for appointment would work well, but by law it should be provided that consuls should be familiar, according to places for which they apply, with the Frcnch, German or Spanish iang !.e and should pos sess acquaintance with t'.te resources of the ^United States. It is desirable to cnact a proper na tional quarantine law. I call your attention to the great extravagance in printing and binding government publications and especially to the fact that altogether too mnnv of these publications are printed Currency. I The attention of the congress sbomd be .especially given to the currency question and that the stauding commit tees on the matter in the two houses charged with the duty take up the mat ter of our currency and see whether it is not possible to secure an agreement In the business world for bettering tlie system. The committees should con sider the question of the retirement of the greenbacks and the problem of se curing in our currency such elasticity as Is consistent With safety. Every silver dollar should be made by law re deemable in gold at the option of tlie bolder. Merchant Marine. I especially commend to your immedi ate attention the encouragement of our merchant marine by appropriate legis lation. The growing Importance of the orient as a field for American exports drew from my predecessor, President Mc Kinley, an urgent request for its spe cial consideration by the congress. The importance of securing proper information and data with a view to the enlargement of our trade with Asia is undiminished. Our consular repre sentatives in China have strongly urged a place for permanent display of American products in some prominent trade center of that empire, under gov ernment control and management, as an effective means of advancing our export trade therein. I call the atten tion of the congress to the desirability of carrying out these suggestions. Immigration and Naturalisation. In dealing with the questions of im migration and naturalization it is In dispensable to keep certain facts ever before the minds of those who share in enacting the lawB. First and fore most, let us remember that the ques tion of being a good American has nothing whatever to do with a man's birthplace any more than it has to do with his creed. In every generation from the time this government was founded men of foreign birth have stood in the very foremost rank of good citizenship, and that not merely in one but in every field of American activity. There is no danger of having too. many immigrants of the right kind, but tlie citizenship of this country should not be debased. It ls vital that we should keep high the standard of well being among our wageworkers, and therefore we should not admit masses of men whose standards of liv ing and whose personal customs and habits are such that they tend to lower the level of the American wageworker, and above all we should not admit any man of an unworthy typo. Similarly we should take the greatest care afrout naturalization. Fraudulent naturaliza tion, the naturalization of improper persons, is a curse to our government, and it Is the affair of every honest voter, wherever born, to see that no fraudulent voting is allowed, that no fraud in connection with naturaliza tion is permitted. Revision of Naturalisation Laws* There should be a comprehensive re vision of the naturalization laws. The courts having power to naturalize should be definitely named by national authority, the testimony upon which naturalization may be conferred should Be definitely prescriBetT, publication of impending naturalization applications should be required in advance of their hearing in court, the form and word ing of all certificates isoned should be uniform throughout the country, and tlie courts should be required to make returns to the secretary of state at 1 Immediately and to obtain unless and until it is reversed by the court of re view. Steamship companies engaged in in terstate commerce and protected in our coastwise trade should be held to a strict observance of the interstate com merce act [The president here discusses the city of Washington, making numerous recommendations looking to Its better government He asks thn't laws be passed preventing overcrowding in the tenement districts, for the abolition of I blind alleys and the proper housing of the poor. He also recommends changes in the criminal code, and would have wife beaters corporally punished.] stated periods of all naturalizations conferred. Not only are tlie laws relating to naturalization now defective, but those relating to citizenship of the United States ought also to be made the sub ject of scientific inquiry with a view to 1 probable further legislation. The pow er of the government to protect the in tcgrity of the elections of its own offl cials is inherent and has been recog nized and affirmed by repeated dec larations of the supreme court There is no enemy of free government more dangerous and none so insidious as the corruption of the electorate. I rec ommend the enaetifient of a law direct ed against bribery and corruption In federal elections. Delays In Criminal Prosecutions* No subject Is better worthy the at tention of the congress than that por tion of the report of the attorney gen eral dealing with the long delays and the great obstruction to justice expert enced in the cases of Beavers, Green and Gaynor and Benson. Were these isolated and special cases I should not call your attention to them, but the dif ficulties encountered as regards these men who have been indicted for crimi nal practices are not exceptional. They are precisely similar in kind to what occurs again and again in the case of criminals who have sufficient means to enable them to take advantage of a system of procedure which has grown up in the federal courts and which amounts in effect to making the law easy of enforcement against the man who has no money and dlfllcult of en* forcement, even toHhe jfoint of some times securing immunity, as regards the man who has money. At present the interests of the innocent man are amply safeguarded, but the interests of the government—that is, the interests of houest^fc'Jminlstrntion that is, the interests of the people—are not recog nized as they should be. [The president discusses the progress of the territories of Alaska, Hawaii and Porto Rico, with recommendations for changes in the present system of government of the first uamed. He de sires to see a delegate from Alaska in congress.) Foreign Policy, The steady aim of this nation, as of all enlightened nations, should be to Btrive to bring ever nearer the day when there shall prevail throughout the world the peace of justice, but there are kinds of pcaee which are highly undesirable, which are in .the long run as destructive as any war. The goal to set before us as a nation, the goal which should be set before all mankind, Is the attainment of the peace of justice, of the peace which comes when each nation is not merfely safeguarded in its own rights, but scrupulously recognizes and performs its duty toward others. Generally peace tells for righteousness, but if there is conflict between the two then our fealty is due first to the cause of righteousness. Unrighteous wars are common and unrighteous peace is rare, but both should be shunned. The right of freedom and the responsibility for the exercise of that right cannot be divorced. One of our great poets has well and finely said that freedom is not a gift that tarrie3 long in the hands of cowards. Neither does It tarry long in the hands of those too slothful, too dis honest or too unintelligent to exercise it. The eternal vigilance which is the price of liberty must be exercised sometimes to guard against outside foes, although, of course, far. more of ten to guard against our own selfish or thoughtless shortcomings. It Is our duty to remember that a na tion has no more right to do injustice to another nation, strong or weak, than an individual has to do injustice to an other individual that the same moral law appiico in one case as in the other. But we must also remember that it ls as much the duty of the nation to |^rd Its own rights and its own Inter as it is the duty of the Individual so to do. Until some method is devised by wlii?h there shall be a degree of in ternational control over offending na tions it would be a wicked thing for the most civilized powers, for those with most cense of international obli gations and with keenest and most gen erous appreciation of the difference be tween right and wrong,* to disarm. If the great civilized nations of the pres ent day should completely disarm, the result would mean an immediate re crudescence of barbarism in one form or another. Under any circumstances a sufficient armament would have to be kept up to serve the purposes of inter national police, and until International cohesion and the sense of international duties and rights are far more ad vanced thau at present a nation desir ous both of securing respect for itself and of doing good to other's must have a force adequate for the work which it feels is allotted to it as its part of the general world duty. Therefore it fol lows that a self respecting, Just and farseeing nation should on the one hand endeavor by every means-to aid in the development of the various movements which tend to provide sub stitutes for war, which tend to render nations in their actions toward one an other and indeed toward £heir own peoples more responsive to the general sentiment of humane and civilized mankind, and, on the other hand, that it should keep prepared, while scrupu lously avoiding wrongdoing itself, to repel any wrong and in exceptional cases to take action which in a more advanced stage of intemational rela tions would come under the head of the exercise of the international police. Arbitration Treaties. We are In every way endeavoring to help on, with cordial good will, every movement which will tend to bring us into more friendly relations with the rest of liiankind. In pursuance of this policy I shall shortly lay before the sen-' ate treaties of arbitration with all pow ers which are willing to enter into these treaties with us. It is not possible at this period of the world's development to agree to arbitrate all matters, but there are many matters of possible difference between us and other na tions which can be thus arbitrated. Furthermore, at the request of the In terparliamentary union, an eminent body composed of practical statesmen from all countries, I have asked the powers to Join with this government in a second Hague conference, at which it ls hoped that tlie work already so happily begun at The Hague may be carried some steps further toward completion. Tills carries out the de Blrc expressed by the flrst Hague con ference Itself. Poller Toward Other Nation, of Western Hemisphere. It is not true tliat the United Slates feels any land hunger or entertains any projects as regards the other na tions o*f the western hemisphere save such as are for their welfare. All that this eounOy desires Is to see th? ndgB boring countries, stable, orderly and prosperous. Any country whose people conduct themselves well can count upon our hearty friendship. If a nation shows that tt knows how to act with reasonable efficiency and decency in so cial and political matters, if it keeps order and pays its obligations, it need fear no interference from the United States. Chronic wrongdoing or an im potence which results In a general loos ening of the ties of civilized society may in America, as elsewhere, ulti mately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the western hemisphere the adherence of the Unit ed States to the Monroe doctrine may force the Unite*! States, however re luctantly, In flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to tho exer cise of an international police power. Rights of American Cltli.ni Abtwrf. It ls necessary for us firmly to Insist up on the rights of our own citizens abroad without regard to their creed or race without regard to whether they wen born here or born .abroad. It ban proved very difficult to Becure from Russia the right for our Jewish fellow citizen to receive passports and travel through Russian territory. It ls a wrong against which we are entitled to protest to refuse him his passport without regard to his conduct and char acter, merely on racial and religious grounds. The Navy. The strong arm of the government In enforcing respect for its just rights In International matters ls the navy of the United States. I most earnestly recommend that there be no halt In the work of upbuilding the American navy. We have undertaken to build the Isth mian canal. We have undertaken to secure for ourselves our Just share in tlie trade of the orient We have un dertaken to protect our citizens from Improper treatment In foreign lands. We continue .steadily to Insist on tho application of the Monroe doctrine to the western hemisphere. Unless our attitude in these and all similar mat ters is to be a mere boastful sham we cannot afford to abandon our naval programme. Our voice is now potent for peace and ls so potent because we are not afraid of war. But our prot estations upon behalf of peace would neither receive nor deserve the slight est attention if we were Impotent to make them good. The Army. Within the last three years the Unit ed States has set an example In dis armament where disarmament was proper. By law our army is fixed at a maximum of 100,000 and a minimum of 00,000 men. When there was Insur rection In the Philippines we kept the army at the maximum. Peace came In the Philippines, and. now our army has been reduced to the minimum at which it is possible to keep it with due regard to Its efficiency. We Bhould be able, In the event of some sudden emergency, to put into the field one first class army corps, which should be, as a whole, at least the equal of any body of troops of like number belong ing to any other nation. Great progress has been made in pro tecting our coasts by adequate fortlfl cations with sufficient guns. We should, however, pay much more heed than at present to the development of an extensive system of floating mines for use In all our more important har bors. These mines have been proved to be a most formidable safeguard against hostile fleets. The Philippines. In the Philippine Islands there has been during the past year a continua tion of the steady progress which has obtained ever since our troops definite ly got the upper hand of the Insur gents. The Philippine people, or, to speak more accurately, the many tribes and even races sundered from one another more or less sharply who go to make up the people of the Philip pine Islands, contain many elements of good, and some elements which we have a right to hope stand for prog ress. At present they are utterly in capable of existing in Independence at all or of building up a civilization of their own. I firmly believe that we can help them to rise higher and high er In tho scale of civilization and of capacity for self government, and I most earnestly hope that in the end tliey will be able to stand, if not en tirely alone, yet In some such relation to tho United States as Cuba now stands. This end is not yet In sight, and It may bo Indefinitely postponed If our people are foolish enough to turn the attention of the Filipinos nway from the problems of achieving moral and materia] prosperity, of working for a stable, orderly and Just govern ment, and toward foolish ap* danger ous intrlguos for a complete independ ence for which they are as yet totally unfit. On the other hand, our people must keep steadVy Jjpfore their minds tho fact tliatalAe Justification for our stay in the Philippines must ultimately rest chiefly upon the good we are able to do in the islands. I do not overlook the fact that in the development of our Interests in the Pacific ocean and along its coasts the Philippines have played and will play an Important part and that our interests have been sorv ed In more than one way by the pos session of the Islands. But our chief reason for continuing to hold them must be that we ought In good faith to try to do our share of tho world's work, and this particular piece of work lias been imposed upon us by tho re sults of the war with Spain. Wo are endeavoring to develop tho natives themselves so that they shall take an over Increasing share in their own gov ernment, and, as far as ls prudent, we are already admitting their representa tives to a governmental equality with our own. There are commissioners. Judges and governors in the lsllhds who are Filipinos and who have exact ly the same share in the government of the islands as have their colleagues who are Americans, while In the lower ranks, of course, the great majority of tlie public servants are Filipinos. Within two years we shall bo trying the experiment of an electivo lower house in tlie Philippine legislature. If the Filipinos aqt with wisdom and self restraint, if they show that they are capable of electing a legislature which In Its turn is capable of taking a sane and efficient part in the actual work of government, they can rest assured that a full and increasing measure of rec ognition will be given them. Every measure taken concerning the Islands should be taken primarily with a view to their advantage. We should certainly give them lower tariff rates on their exports to the United States. If this Is not done it will be a wrong to extend our shipping laws to them. I earnestly hope for the immediate enactment into law of the legislation now pending to encourage American capital to seek Investment in the is lands in railroads. In factories, in plan tations and In lumbering and mining. A Cape Town sergeant of police, con victed of ncci'pling bribes from women, lias been sentenced to sixteen months' Imprisonment. A HOME SHAMPOO. How t. Clean the Scalp and EST, flia Hair Soft and rhtr. Washing the hair ls a tadk most wo men dislike, and even the girl who can least afford the dollar a month neces sary to a professional shampoo pre fers to pay It ut a sacrifice rather than bother to wash her own hair.- Yet It the work ls gone about In the right manner at home it need not be difficult stall. The first thing ls to prepare a sham poo liquid. Take a square inch of lome good soap, shave it. fin* and dis solve it In half a cup of hot water. Then add a teaspoonful of violet arm, monla and the raw white of an egg. Beat these thoroughly and strain through a wire sieve. Mow stand with the bead over a basin, pour a little of the shampoo over the scalp and', rub briskly with both hands. Use all the liquid in tills way, rubbing It *thor-' oughly on the scalp. After this wash the scalp with several basins of warm water and then wash the long hair lp the basin of water. Rinse by holding the head over the bathtub and pout ing over it a stream of warm water, keeping this up until the water that drips' from the hair ls perfectly clean. Then dash with cold water to closo the pores and prevent taking cold. You are now ready to dry the hair. First wrap It in a thick towel and wring thoroughly. Then spread a dry towel across the back, throw the hair back and rub the scalp well and dry. It may take some time, but It is the best possible means of drying, acting as a massage too. Call in tho aid of the sun if possible, but never use steam. Do not brush the hair until It ls thoroughly dry. Then, as you brush, raise tlie hair, that tlie strands may be separated. After this combing will not be difficult, and when the h#lr is ready to go up It will be soft and fluffy.—Chi cago News. PEG DRESSES. A Grandmother'. Hint Aboat Gown, and Tltelr Wearing. "The way to bo well drcsBcd," said grandmother, "is never to have 'peg dresses.' That was my mother's rule, 1 and I have always made it mine. "What arc'peg dresses?' Why, gowns that hang in one's closet, are not often worn and get a little out of style. They are apt to be the 'best gowns,' by which I mean those for dressy occa sions. Most of us have but one, which is worn so seldom that it becomes a problem to keep It always In style, ^or there is a limit even to the changing of sleeves and alteration of the adorn ment of lace. When that'ls reached the owner must be firm with herself and discard the dress in Its present form. For this reason I think it a good plan to fsave tills gown of rather inex pensive material and let its beauty be In the way It is made then when it ^must step down from its high estate we can put the scissors to it with bet ter grace, for I have always found that It takes moral courage to attack a rich gown which ls Just too much out of fashion to wear. As this dress mnat be made-over, I thlnk.lt well to pur^*-*. chase a material that will afterward be suitable to go with the rest of the wardrobe either us fancy waist, trim ming or perhaps as silk petticoat."— Brooklyn Eagle. 'CULINARY CONCEITS. Tough meat may be made tender by, Bprinkllng with vinegar. If hard boiled eggs are placed in co] water before peeling, the .shells, not adhere to the eggs.' When making mayonnaise'sauce lect a very cool place for the purpose. If made in ii hot kitchen It is apt to separate In the process. Cut stale bread Into very thin slices, place on a tin and dry In the oven till crisp. Store these wnfers in a tin and eat with cheese or buttered for tea. Remember not to add butter or oil when browning salted almonds. They will retain enough of the salt without. Besides, the butter makes them'Indi gestible. Muffins and gems made without eggs, but with more milk and butter, the batter beaten with a wooden spoon till it Is very light, ore said to be indistin guishable from those made with eggs. i'S' KI Her Blessed Power. Alluding to the good Influence exert ed by a kind hearted woman of humble life and retiring disposition a great writer on moral and rellglouB subjects says: "What was the secret of her power? What bad she done? Abso lutely nothing, but radiant smiles, beaming good humor, the tact of divin ing what every one wanted, told that she had got out of self and learned to think of others, so that at one time it £bowed Itself by sweet words, at an other by soothing a sobbing child. Mono but she saw those things. None but loving heart could see them. That was tho secret of her blessed power. The woman who, whatever her station in life may be, will be found In trial capable of great acts of love ls ever the one who ls always doing ones." Be Affreeable. A woman in company to make her self agreeable must alwayB seem pleas ed and contented. She mqst glvo the impression that she is really enjoying herself, whether that be the ease or not The woman who wants to make hex self liked by being agreeable must have one style for all. There must b» no consideration of position of par ties In this respect. The role should be one style for rich and poor, no fawning on the one or haughtiness for the other. The woman who adopts this latter line of behavior ends by be ing disliked all round. Whl.tleil Oat the (liai, A teacher of musical ability In large western cily was accustomed to play a march on the organ as-lier pu pils, who were at just tho mischief age. passed out for Intermission. The march generally Inspired the feet and brought good results. One day while playing she heard a faint whistling, but did not stop, resolving, with a teacher's Instliin, to "reach them after awhile" The next time when tho pupils were about halfSvay out she suddenly stop* ped tlie music. Five or six boys jypcre whistling the tunc. Darting a glance at each one that seemed to fill theToom with a deathlike stlllncsB, she proceed ed with the march, but said nothing. The next intermission began with dif ferent music. Each boy was given a corner, with his face toward the wail, the extra ones being tucked behind the cupboard and organ.' The teacher gave the key and then said kindly, but firm ly. In |T voice that demanded immedi ate obedience. VBoys. yon may whistle tlie class out alone this time/' They tried turning from right to left Just for a minute and then whistled put the CIOSB. A second .dose wus not needed. v,