Manchester Democrat. [volume], December 07, 1904, Image 4

About Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930

Image provided by: State Historical Society of Iowa

                
ORNMINMNOR OOUNTV TM OITY.
WEDNESDAY, DEO. 7,1904
Port Arthur may very properly be
called a closed port. The Russians
are unable to get out and thus far
the Japanese have been unable to
get in.
When the doves of democracy
built their nests in Standard Oil
and Beef Trust palaces it was
time for the ordinary flock to make
for the woods.
W he he of is re
are sufficiently free from partisan
prejudice to intelligently seek for
that which is of greatest benefit to
the greatest number the trust ques
tion will be dUt of politics.
Already the legions of Greed
claim that they have prevailed upon
the President not to call an extra
session of Congress to revise the
tariff schedules,tandjthey go further
and assert that if there is no extra
session there {will be no tariff re
vision during the nextffour years.
In] his'.battle with Greed and the
republican managers the President
will be very apt to be defeated. It
is not possible for the republican
party to dissolve its alliance with
Greed without causing a general
breaking up of the republican party
machines, and the President will
hesitate long before he smashes the
machines.
Simplify the Ballot.
Through the kindness of D. W.
Jewell we are in receipt of one of
the official ballots used in Nebraska
at the recent election. It is some
thing over seven feet in length, and
is a very strong argument in favor
of some change which will simplify
our present method of voting for
president and vice president.
To commence with, why not omit
from the ballots the names of the
presidential electors. Their duty is
simply to register mechanically "the
wishes of the voters. Each state
lias the right to regulate its ballot
and the manner of its choice of
presidential electors. Might it not
be well to drop the names of the
electors entirely from the ballot and
substitute the name of the candi
date, and provide that a vote for the
candidate for President shall be
considered also a vote for the elec
tors whose names have been duly
registered with the Secretary of
State by the State convention which
nominated them? This would
shorten the ballot, prevent split
electoral tickets and simplify vot
ing. It needs no constitutional
amendment to put it into effect.
Will the Tariff Barons Triumph Over
the President?
For several weeks past there has
been a titanic struggle between the
President and the tariff barons over
the question of tariff revision, and
at the present writing it is general
ly understood that the President
has agreed to defer for the present
his recommendations, on the subject.
The President no doubt wants to
break up the unjust and unneces
sary privileges enjoyed by the few
to the injury of the many, but in so
doing he does not want to break up
the republican party, A -there is
U.' •|-*-~-JTyfaSre his troubles ©enter. Every
republican manager, who is the rep
resentative of a state machine, the
existence of which is dependent
upon the support of the privileged
classes, is vehemently assuring the
President that tariff revision will
wreck the republican party, and
t. there is the President's weak spot,
and there is where they are aiming
their arrows.
hi,
The situation calls to mind the
story which has been told to chil
dren ever since the Night of Ages
of the mother who, wishing to ren
der her son immortal, dipped him
in the waters of a sacred river, but
in so doing failed to immerse the
heel by which she held him. His
enemies learned the location of his
weak spot, and Achilles was de
stroyed by being struck in his un
protected heel.
Trust Money and the St. Louis Con
ventlon.
The Tammany Times explains in
a series of articles why the trusts
contributed vast sums of money te
control the St. Louis convention.
The following paragraphs area fair
index to its lengthy recital of facts:
"When tlie New York Sun came
out for Roosevelt this year it proved
beyond a shadow of a doubt that
the great kings of finance wanted
Roosevelt elected President of the
United States. There might have
been some trouble between the
President and the corporation about
the time of the coal strike when the
Sun inquired whether the President
of the United States had gone crazy
to interfere in this sort of a thing.
But no matter what the differences
of opinion—-they had all been set
tled at the time that the Sun pro
nounced in favor of Roosevelt and
against Alton B. Parker.
That being the case it will natural
ly be inquired where Lieutenant
Governor Sheehan "came in" and
t: what the Standard Oil Trust wanted
of the Democratic Party. A thing
like this is simple and easy when
you understand it. The Trust
|r. capitalists concluded that it' was
easier to influence a national conven
tion than to buy an election. They
r, had been compelled to subscribe
s, $16,000,000 to the Republican party
during the first Bryan campaign.
The second Bryan campaign tliough
less costly was nevertheless an ex
pensive luxury. They could not
1- tell where a third campaign of ed
ii.- ucation in opposition to the trusts
iv might end. Hence tbey decided to
J!
secure control of the St. Louis con
vention."
If the democrats of the whole
country had possessed as much in
jj telligence and sterling honesty as
i. the democrats of Iowa, the agents of
{rusts would never have been
able to do what they did at the St.
Louis convention.
a
t- Vf+j
."V '•.
Washington correspondent of the
Chicago Record-Herald, aska this
question:
"Is it possible for the Republican
party to free itself of entanglements
and to throw its tremendous weight
in opposition to special privileges,
or is it so securely bound in the
meshes of the great commercial and
financial powers that it must leave
all such work to other parties."
That is the all important question
in Americau politics today. Preda
tory wealth may strive ever so hard
to obscure it and raise other issues,
but their endeavors will result in
failures. The political contests of
the immediate future in this country
will be waged along the lines sug
gested by Mr. Wellman's question.
Why Tunnel the Streets of Great
Cities?
Many millions of dollars have
been and are now being spent tun
neling the streets of London and
New York, and a measure is on foot
to expend $50,000,000 on a system
of tunnels for Chicago. Instead of
tunneling, why not build the streets
two or even three stories high? The
second story street might be nar
rower than the surface street, and
connected by covered walks or foot
bridges with the second story of
each building. And the third story
street might be still narrower, and
connected with the third story of
each adjacent building in the same
manner as the second story street.
Tiiese streets could be constructed
so that there would be an abund
ance of air and light upon each, and
they would certainly be a great im
provement upon stuffy, grewsome
tunnels. Then again, cities could
regulate the traffic over these streets
and require all teams and heavy
loads to go by way of the surface
street. The street cars might have
precedence on the second story
street, and automobiles and all vehi
cles propelled other than by horse
power might have the third story
street. If it is profitable to con
struct buildings ten stories high
and in some instances twice that
height, what valid objection can be
urged against having the streets at
least two or three stories high?
With streets two or three stories
high there would be no need for tun
nels.
Hope.
Planting his thoughts and words
like seeds, man must wait for his
harvest, and Hope helps him. Daily
it is his staff and support. Indeed,
without tliis joy-producing faculty
man could not live. At first child
hood is saved by hope of a coming
youth in youth the boy, conscious
of his rawness and immaturity, is
saved by hope of a coming mature
development in old age, when the
man sits upon the western piazza
and waits for the Bunset signal, and
realizes that his life i§ now all be
hind him, ho is saved by hope that
his plan's that are rooted on earth
will ripen and wave their fruit in
heaven. Not one other quality is
so practical. Hope does more for
field and factory, and office and li
brary, than any other gift or grace.
Ambition plants the seed, faith.
waters.it, work tills the
Boil,
incuiptm aiwtMlit
President Roosevelt's message has
been delivered to congress. Its main
features are as follows:
The enlargement of scope of the
functions of the national government
required by our development as a na
tiou Involves, of course, increase of ex
pense, and the period of prosperity
through which the country is passing
justifies expenditures for permanent
improvements far greater than would
be wise lu hard times, but abundant
revenues and a large surplus always
invite extravagance, and constant care
should be taken to guard against un
necessary increase of the ordinary ex
penses of government.
Capital and Labor.
The relations of capital and labor,
and especially of organised capital and
organized labor, to each other and to
the public at large come second in Im
portance only to the intlmnte questions
of famil^ life. Our peculiar form of
government, with its sharp division of
authority between the nation and the
several states, has been on the whole
far more advantageous to our develop
ment than a more strongly centralized
government. But it Is undoubtedly re
sponsible for much of the difficulty of
meeting with adequate legislation the
new problems presented by the total
change in industrial conditions on this
continent during the last half century.
In actual practice it has proved ex
ceedingly difficult, and in many caBes
impossible, to get unanimity of wise
action among the various states on
these subjects. Prom the very nature
of the cuse this is especially true of
the laws affecting the employment of
capital in huge masses,.
With regard to labor, the problem is
no less important, but it is simpler. As
long as the states retain the primary
control of the police power the circum
stances must be altogether extreme
which require interference by the fed
eral authorities, whether in the way of
safeguarding the rights of labor or In
the way of seeing that wrong is not
done by unruly persons who Bhield
themselves behind the name of labor.
If there is resistance to the federal
courts, interference with the malls or
interstate commercc or molestation of
federal property, or if the state authori
ties in some crisis which tliey arc un
able to face call for help, then the fed
eral government may interfere but,
though such interference may be caus
ed by a condition of things arising out
of trouble connected with some ques
tion of labor, the interference itself
simply takes the form of restoring or
der .without regard to the questions
which have caused the breach of or
der. In the District of Columbia and
in the territories the federal law cov
ers the entire field of government. But
the labor question Is only acute in
populous centers of commerce, manu
factures or mining. Nevertheless both.
In the enactment and in the enforce
ment of law the federal government
within its restricted sphere should set
an example to the state governments,
especially in a matter so vital as this
affecting labor.
Labor Unions.
I believe that under modern indus
trial conditions it Is often npcesenry and
even where not necessary it is yet of
ten wise that there should be organisa
tion of labor in order better to secure
the rightB of the individual wagework
er. All encouragement should be given
to any such organization so loug as it
is conducted with a due and decent re
gard for the rights of others. There
are in tills country some labor unions
which have habitually and other labor
unions which have often been among
the most effective agents in working
for good citizenship and for uplifting
the condition of those whose welfare
should be closest to our hearts. But
when any labor union seeks Improper
endi or seeks to achieve proper ends
by improper means all good citizens,
and more especially all honorable pub
lic servants, must oppose the wrongdo
ing as resolutely as they would oppose
the wrongdoing of any great corpora
tion. Violence, brutality or corruption
should not for one moment be tolerat
ed.
but
Hope points to the coming harvest.
Look at these new immigrants come
to drudge in street and mine and
forest and field. What saves them
during their
homesickneBB
and their
bitter discouragement? They are
saved by the hope of a coming com
petence, of a little cottage of their
own, with tli6ir own vine and fig
tree. It is Hope that saves the poor
seamstress, climbing the garret
steps it is "Hope that guides the
boy setting forth to make his for
tune, with weapons for their battle
and victory. Hope is a refuge from
life's fierce heat it is a hospital for
hurt hearts it is a shield for de
fense it has wings for uplift it is
also the star toward which man
journeys. Great is the power of
work, of courage and persistence,
but it is Hope that nourishes, in
vigorates and sustains the other
faculties.—Newell Dwight Hillis.
The London AHmmbra has a'novel
(lop net. The dog* perform in con
junction with a ventriloquist, a»d so
appear to talk.
l'r»per(i(H of Salt.
Ab a all round household
remedy there nothing uiorc valuable
than salt. A batf of hot salt JB very
soothinp In neuralgia, toothache, ear
ache and sii.ttilsir affections. In croup
it 1B a reliable atiti harmless remedy,
the dose being a teaspooufui mixed
with a tablotipoonfui of honey fre
quently and freely. For a sprain noth
Ing will give relief more quickly than
cold salt water. Swellings may* often
be reduced very quickly by frequent
bathing of the part affected In strong
brine, and, taken moderately, "it is an
antidote for alcoholic poison. It is an
excellent hair tonic.
Rait and water will remove tartar
from the teetb, aud mixed with equal
proportions of soda salt makes an ex
cellent dentifrice, in cases of dyson*
tery salt taken In vinegar and hot wa
ter usually gives great relief, and for
cholera morbus add a teaspoonful of
the strongest pepper to the dose.
l-'or dyspepsia aud many other disor
ders of the stomach nalt and water
will prove an effective remedy, and for
colic a teaspoonful in half a cupful of
cold water taken as soon as possible is
a speedy cure. The same quantity tak
en before breakfast very good. The
West Indian negroes declare that plen
ty of salt administered at oncc will
stop a coming attack of cholera.
An Austria railway mechanic has
discovered a process by which the
smoke of warships can he entirely con
cealed from view.
Come to (lie Point.
Many persons who are in the habit
of making visits of business commit a
sad error in not stating their object at
once and in as few words as possible.
They hesitate, introduce some subject
altogether foreign, occupy much pro
clous time, and ail to little purpose.
Instead of proceeding to the matter in
hand directly they upologizo for the
Intrusion, intimate that another time
may prove more acceptablo and ex
plain until at last the real object Is
absolutely forced from theni.
Entire Illsrht to Organise*
Wageworkeru have an eutire right
to organize and by all peaceful "and
honorable means to endeavor to per
suade their fellows-to join with them
in organizations. They have a legal
right, which, according to circum
stances, muy or may not be moral
right, to. refuse to work in company
with meii who decline to join their or
ganizations. They have under no cir
cumstances the right to commit vio
lence upon thotie. whether capitalists
or wageworkers, who refuse to support
their organizations or who side with
those with whom they are at odds, for
mob rule is intolerable in any form.
The wageworkers are peculiarly enti
tled to the protection and the encour
agement of the law. Wherever the na
tional government has power there
should be a stringent employer's liabil
ity law, which should apply to the gov
ernment itsalf where the government
Is an employer of labor.
Prevention of Uullrond Accidents.
The ever increasing casualty list up
on our railroads iu a matter of grave
public concern and urgently calls for
action by the congress. The passage of
a law requiring the adoption of a block
signal system has been proposed to the
congress. I earnestly concur in that
recommendation pnfl would also point
out to the cougres* the urgent need of
legislation in the interest of the public
safety limiting the hours of labor for
railroad employees In train service up
on railroads engaged in interstate com
merce and providing that only trained
and experienced persons be employed
in positions of responsibility connected
with the operation of trains.
The safety appliance law, as amend
ed by the act of Marcji 2, 1903, has
prqved beneficial toWrailway employees,
and in order that its provisions may be
properly carried out the force of in
spectors provided for by appropriation
should be largely increased. This serv
ice has passed the experimental stage
and should receive generous recogni
tion by the congress.
Unionism In Government Offices.
There is no objection to employees of
the government forming or belonging
to uuions, but the government can nei
ther discriminate for nor discriminate
against nonunion meu who are in its
employment or who seek to be em
ployed under it. Moreover, it is a very
grave impropriety for government em
ployees to band themselves together
for the purpose of extorting improperly
high salaries from the government
Especially Ls this true of those within
the classified service. The letter car
riers, both municipal, and rural, are as
-u&oeueni DGOf' St public
servants, ^hey should be amply paid.
But their payment must be obtained
by arguing their claims fairly and hon
orably before the congress and not by
banding together for the defeat of
those congressmen who refuse to give
promises which they cannot in con
science give. The administration has
taken steps to prevent and punish
abuses of this nature, but It will bo
wise for the cougress to supplement
this action by legislation.
Bureau of labor.
Much can be done by the government
In labor matters merely by giving pub
licity to certain conditions. The bureau
of labor has done excellent work of
this kind In many different directions.
I shall shortly lay before you In a spe
cial message the full report of the in
vestigation of the bureau of labor Into
tlie Colorado mining strike, as this Is a
strike in which certain very evil forces,
which are more or less at work every
where under the conditions of modern
Industrialism, became startllngly prom
inent It ls greatly to bo wished that
the department of commerce and la
bor, through the labor bureau, should
compile and arrange for the congress
a list of the labor laws of the various
states and should be given the means
to investigate and report to the con
gress upon the labor conditions in the
manufacturing and mining regions
throughout the country, both as to
wages, as to hours of labor, as to
the labor of women and children and
as to the effect In the various labor
centers of immigration from abroad.
In this Investigation -especial attention
should be paid to the conditions of
child labor and child labor legislation
in the several states.
Corporations.
When we come to deal with great
corporations the need for the govern
ment to act directly is far greater than
In the case of labor, because great cor
porations can become such only by en
gaging in Interstate commerce, and In
terstate commerce ls peculiarly the
field of the general government. It is
an absurdity to expect to eliminate the
abuses in great corporations by state
action. It ls difficult to be patient with
an argument that such matters should
be left to the states, because more than
one. state pursues the policy of creat
ing on easy terms corporations which
are never operated within that state
at all, but in other states whose laws
they Ignore. The national government
alone can deal adequately with these
great corporations. To try to deal
with them in an intemperate, destruc
tive or demagogic spirit would in all
probability mean that nothing what
ever would be accomplished, and with
absolute certainty that if anything
were accomplished It would be of a
harmful nature. The American peo
ple need to continue to show the very
qualities that they have shown—that Is,
moderation, good sense, the earnest
desire to avoid doing any damage and
yet the quiet determination to proceed,
step by step, without halt and without
hurry, in eliminating or at least in
minimizing whatever of mischief or of
evil there ls to interstate commerce
in the conduct of great corporations.
They are acting In no spirit of hostility
to wealth, either individual or eor
po*ate. They are not against the. rich
man any more than against the poor
man. On the contrary, theyTire friend
ly alike toward rich man and toward
poor man, provided only that each acts
in a spirit of Justice and decency to
ward his fellows. Great corporations
are necessary, and only men of great
and singular mental power can man
age such corporations successfully,
and such men must have great re
wards. But these corporations should
be managed with due regard to the
Interest of the pnbllc as a whole.
Where this can be done under the pres
ent laws, tt must be done. Where
these laws come short others should
be enacted to'supplement them.
Bnrean of Corporations.1
The bureau of corporations has made
careful preliminary Investigation of
many important corporations. It will
make a special report on the beef in
dustry.
The policy of the bureau Is to ac
complish the purposes of its creation
by co-operation," not antagonism by
making constructive legislation, not
destructive prosecution, the Immediate
object of Its inquiries by conservative
Investigation of law and fact and by
refusal to Issue Incomplete and hence
necessarily Inaccurate reports. Its pol
icy belng.thus one of open Inquiry into
a lid not attack upon business, the bu
reau has been able to gain not only the
confidence, bnt, better still, the co-op
eration, of men engaged In legitimate
business.
Tbe bureau offers to the eongresB
the means of getting at the cost of pro
duction of our various great staples of
commerce.
Of necessity the careful investigation
of special corporations will afford the
commissioner knowledge of certain
business facts, t£e publication of which
might be an Improper infringement of
private rights. The method of making
public the results of these Investiga
tions affords, under the law, a means
for the protection of private rights.
The congress will have all facts except
such as would give to another cor
poration Information which would In
jure the legitimate business of a com
petitor and destroy the incentive for
individual superiority
and
thrift
The bureau lias also made exhaustive
examinations into the legal condition
under which corporate business is car
ried on In the various Btates, Into all
Judicial decisions on the subject and
into the variolic systems of corporate
taxation in use. I call special attention
to the report of the chief of the bureau,
and I earnestly ask that the congress
carefully consider tlie report and rec
ommendations of the commissioner on
this subject.
The business of Insurance vitally af
fects the great mass of the people of
the tJnltcd States and ls national and
not local in Its application. It Involves
a multitude of transactions among the
people of the different states and be
twoen American companies and for
eign governments. I urge that the con
gress carefully consider whether the
power of the bureau of corporations
cannot constitutionally be extended to
cover interstate transactions in insur
ance.
Rebates.
Above all else we must strive to keep
the highways of commerce open to all
on equal terms, and to do this it Is nec
essary to put a complete stop to all re
bates. Whether the shipper or the rail
road Is to blame makes no difference.
The rebate must bo stopped, the abuses
of the private car and private terminal
track and side track systems must bo
stopped, and the legislation of the Fif
ty-eighth congress which declares it to
be unlawful for any person or corpora
tion to offer, grant, give, solicit, accept
or receive any rebate, concession or
discrimination in respect of the trans
portation of any property in interstate
or foreign commerce whereby such
property shall by any device whatever
be transported at a less rate than that
named In the tariffs published by the
currier must be enforced. While I am
of the opinion that at present It would
.... jim ... niiiiii.iiiiii't- I,,..1- .. ...
tie unffeslrable'irft-wcro udtlmpractl
cablc finally to clothe the interstate
commerce commission with general au
Vthority to fix railroad rates, I do be
lieve that as a fair security to ship
pers the commission should be vested
with the power where a given rate has
been challenged and after full hearing
found to be unreasonable to decide, sub
ject to Judicial review, what shall be a
reasonable rate to take its place, the
ruling of the commission to take' effect
Irrigation.
During the two and a half years that
have elapsed since the passage of the
reclamation act rapid progress has
been made in the surveys and exami
nations of the opportunities for recla
mation in the thirteen states and three
territories of the arid west Construc
tion has already been begun on the lar
gest and most Important of the irriga
tion works, and plans are being com
pleted for works which will utilize the
funds now available.
The forest policy of the government
is just now a subject of* vivid public
interest throughout the west and to the
people of the United States in general.
The forest reserves themselves are of
extreme value to the preseut as well
as to the future welfare of all the
western public land states. They pow
erfully affect the use and disposal of
the public lands. They are of spe
cial importance because they pre
serve the water supply and the supply
of timber for domestic purposes aud so
promote settlement under the reclama
tion act Indeed they are essential to
the welfare of every one of the great
interests of the west
I have repeatedly called attention to
the confusion which exists in govern
ment forest matters because the work
is scattered among three Independent
organizations. As I have recommend
ed, all the forest work of the govern
ment should be concentrated in the de
partment of agriculture, where the
larger" part of that work is already
done. The Canyon of the Colorado
should be made a national park, and
the national park system should in
-elude the Yosemlte and as many as
possible of the groves of giant trees in
California.
Pension*.
The veterans of the civil war have
a claim upon the nation such as no
other body of our citizens possess. The
pension bureau has never in its history
been managed in a more satisfactory
manner than is now the case.
Consular Service.
Oar consular system needs improve
ment Salaries should be substituted
for fees, and the proper classification,
grading and transfer of consular of
ficers should be provided. I am not
prepared to say that a competitive sys
tem of examinations for appointment
would work well, but by law it should
be provided that consuls should be
familiar, according to places for which
they apply, with the Frcnch, German
or Spanish iang !.e and should pos
sess acquaintance with t'.te resources of
the ^United States.
It is desirable to cnact a proper na
tional quarantine law.
I call your attention to the great
extravagance in printing and binding
government publications and especially
to the fact that altogether too mnnv of
these publications are printed
Currency. I
The attention of the congress sbomd
be .especially given to the currency
question and that the stauding commit
tees on the matter in the two houses
charged with the duty take up the mat
ter of our currency and see whether it
is not possible to secure an agreement
In the business world for bettering tlie
system. The committees should con
sider the question of the retirement of
the greenbacks and the problem of se
curing in our currency such elasticity
as Is consistent With safety. Every
silver dollar should be made by law re
deemable in gold at the option of tlie
bolder.
Merchant Marine.
I especially commend to your immedi
ate attention the encouragement of our
merchant marine by appropriate legis
lation.
The growing Importance of the orient
as a field for American exports drew
from my predecessor, President Mc
Kinley, an urgent request for its spe
cial consideration by the congress.
The importance of securing proper
information and data with a view to
the enlargement of our trade with Asia
is undiminished. Our consular repre
sentatives in China have strongly
urged a place for permanent display of
American products in some prominent
trade center of that empire, under gov
ernment control and management, as
an effective means of advancing our
export trade therein. I call the atten
tion of the congress to the desirability
of carrying out these suggestions.
Immigration and Naturalisation.
In dealing with the questions of im
migration and naturalization it is In
dispensable to keep certain facts ever
before the minds of those who share
in enacting the lawB. First and fore
most, let us remember that the ques
tion of being a good American has
nothing whatever to do with a man's
birthplace any more than it has to do
with his creed. In every generation
from the time this government was
founded men of foreign birth have
stood in the very foremost rank of
good citizenship, and that not merely
in one but in every field of American
activity.
There is no danger of having too.
many immigrants of the right kind,
but tlie citizenship of this country
should not be debased. It ls vital that
we should keep high the standard of
well being among our wageworkers,
and therefore we should not admit
masses of men whose standards of liv
ing and whose personal customs and
habits are such that they tend to lower
the level of the American wageworker,
and above all we should not admit any
man of an unworthy typo. Similarly
we should take the greatest care afrout
naturalization. Fraudulent naturaliza
tion, the naturalization of improper
persons, is a curse to our government,
and it Is the affair of every honest
voter, wherever born, to see that no
fraudulent voting is allowed, that no
fraud in connection with naturaliza
tion is permitted.
Revision of Naturalisation Laws*
There should be a comprehensive re
vision of the naturalization laws. The
courts having power to naturalize
should be definitely named by national
authority, the testimony upon which
naturalization may be conferred should
Be definitely prescriBetT, publication of
impending naturalization applications
should be required in advance of their
hearing in court, the form and word
ing of all certificates isoned should be
uniform throughout the country, and
tlie courts should be required to make
returns to the secretary of state at
1
Immediately and to obtain unless and
until it is reversed by the court of re
view.
Steamship companies engaged in in
terstate commerce and protected in our
coastwise trade should be held to a
strict observance of the interstate com
merce act
[The president here discusses the
city of Washington, making numerous
recommendations looking to Its better
government He asks thn't laws be
passed preventing overcrowding in the
tenement districts, for the abolition of
I blind alleys and the proper housing of
the poor. He also recommends changes
in the criminal code, and would have
wife beaters corporally punished.]
stated periods of all naturalizations
conferred.
Not only are tlie laws relating to
naturalization now defective, but those
relating to citizenship of the United
States ought also to be made the sub
ject of scientific inquiry with a view to
1
probable further legislation. The pow
er of the government to protect the in
tcgrity of the elections of its own offl
cials is inherent and has been recog
nized and affirmed by repeated dec
larations of the supreme court There
is no enemy of free government more
dangerous and none so insidious as
the corruption of the electorate. I rec
ommend the enaetifient of a law direct
ed against bribery and corruption In
federal elections.
Delays In Criminal Prosecutions*
No subject Is better worthy the at
tention of the congress than that por
tion of the report of the attorney gen
eral dealing with the long delays and
the great obstruction to justice expert
enced in the cases of Beavers, Green
and Gaynor and Benson. Were these
isolated and special cases I should not
call your attention to them, but the dif
ficulties encountered as regards these
men who have been indicted for crimi
nal practices are not exceptional. They
are precisely similar in kind to what
occurs again and again in the case of
criminals who have sufficient means to
enable them to take advantage of a
system of procedure which has grown
up in the federal courts and which
amounts in effect to making the law
easy of enforcement against the man
who has no money and dlfllcult of en*
forcement, even toHhe jfoint of some
times securing immunity, as regards
the man who has money. At present
the interests of the innocent man are
amply safeguarded, but the interests of
the government—that is, the interests
of houest^fc'Jminlstrntion that is, the
interests of the people—are not recog
nized as they should be.
[The president discusses the progress
of the territories of Alaska, Hawaii
and Porto Rico, with recommendations
for changes in the present system of
government of the first uamed. He de
sires to see a delegate from Alaska in
congress.)
Foreign Policy,
The steady aim of this nation, as of
all enlightened nations, should be to
Btrive to bring ever nearer the day
when there shall prevail throughout
the world the peace of justice, but
there are kinds of pcaee which are
highly undesirable, which are in .the
long run as destructive as any war.
The goal to set before us as a nation,
the goal which should be set before all
mankind, Is the attainment of the
peace of justice, of the peace which
comes when each nation is not merfely
safeguarded in its own rights, but
scrupulously recognizes and performs
its duty toward others. Generally
peace tells for righteousness, but if
there is conflict between the two then
our fealty is due first to the cause of
righteousness. Unrighteous wars are
common and unrighteous peace is rare,
but both should be shunned. The
right of freedom and the responsibility
for the exercise of that right cannot be
divorced. One of our great poets has
well and finely said that freedom is not
a gift that tarrie3 long in the hands of
cowards. Neither does It tarry long in
the hands of those too slothful, too dis
honest or too unintelligent to exercise
it. The eternal vigilance which is the
price of liberty must be exercised
sometimes to guard against outside
foes, although, of course, far. more of
ten to guard against our own selfish or
thoughtless shortcomings.
It Is our duty to remember that a na
tion has no more right to do injustice
to another nation, strong or weak, than
an individual has to do injustice to an
other individual that the same moral
law appiico in one case as in the other.
But we must also remember that it ls
as much the duty of the nation to
|^rd Its own rights and its own Inter
as it is the duty of the Individual
so to do. Until some method is devised
by wlii?h there shall be a degree of in
ternational control over offending na
tions it would be a wicked thing for
the most civilized powers, for those
with most cense of international obli
gations and with keenest and most gen
erous appreciation of the difference be
tween right and wrong,* to disarm. If
the great civilized nations of the pres
ent day should completely disarm, the
result would mean an immediate re
crudescence of barbarism in one form
or another. Under any circumstances a
sufficient armament would have to be
kept up to serve the purposes of inter
national police, and until International
cohesion and the sense of international
duties and rights are far more ad
vanced thau at present a nation desir
ous both of securing respect for itself
and of doing good to other's must have
a force adequate for the work which it
feels is allotted to it as its part of the
general world duty. Therefore it fol
lows that a self respecting, Just and
farseeing nation should on the one
hand endeavor by every means-to aid
in the development of the various
movements which tend to provide sub
stitutes for war, which tend to render
nations in their actions toward one an
other and indeed toward £heir own
peoples more responsive to the general
sentiment of humane and civilized
mankind, and, on the other hand, that
it should keep prepared, while scrupu
lously avoiding wrongdoing itself, to
repel any wrong and in exceptional
cases to take action which in a more
advanced stage of intemational rela
tions would come under the head of
the exercise of the international police.
Arbitration Treaties.
We are In every way endeavoring to
help on, with cordial good will, every
movement which will tend to bring us
into more friendly relations with the
rest of liiankind. In pursuance of this
policy I shall shortly lay before the sen-'
ate treaties of arbitration with all pow
ers which are willing to enter into these
treaties with us. It is not possible at
this period of the world's development
to agree to arbitrate all matters, but
there are many matters of possible
difference between us and other na
tions which can be thus arbitrated.
Furthermore, at the request of the In
terparliamentary union, an eminent
body composed of practical statesmen
from all countries, I have asked the
powers to Join with this government
in a second Hague conference, at which
it ls hoped that tlie work already so
happily begun at The Hague may be
carried some steps further toward
completion. Tills carries out the de
Blrc expressed by the flrst Hague con
ference Itself.
Poller Toward Other Nation, of
Western Hemisphere.
It is not true tliat the United Slates
feels any land hunger or entertains
any projects as regards the other na
tions o*f the western hemisphere save
such as are for their welfare. All that
this eounOy desires Is to see th? ndgB
boring countries, stable, orderly and
prosperous. Any country whose people
conduct themselves well can count upon
our hearty friendship. If a nation
shows that tt knows how to act with
reasonable efficiency and decency in so
cial and political matters, if it keeps
order and pays its obligations, it need
fear no interference from the United
States. Chronic wrongdoing or an im
potence which results In a general loos
ening of the ties of civilized society
may in America, as elsewhere, ulti
mately require intervention by some
civilized nation, and in the western
hemisphere the adherence of the Unit
ed States to the Monroe doctrine may
force the Unite*! States, however re
luctantly, In flagrant cases of such
wrongdoing or impotence, to tho exer
cise of an international police power.
Rights of American Cltli.ni Abtwrf.
It ls necessary for us firmly to Insist up
on the rights of our own citizens abroad
without regard to their creed or race
without regard to whether they wen
born here or born .abroad. It ban
proved very difficult to Becure from
Russia the right for our Jewish fellow
citizen to receive passports and travel
through Russian territory. It ls a
wrong against which we are entitled to
protest to refuse him his passport
without regard to his conduct and char
acter, merely on racial and religious
grounds.
The Navy.
The strong arm of the government
In enforcing respect for its just rights
In International matters ls the navy of
the United States. I most earnestly
recommend that there be no halt In the
work of upbuilding the American navy.
We have undertaken to build the Isth
mian canal. We have undertaken to
secure for ourselves our Just share in
tlie trade of the orient We have un
dertaken to protect our citizens from
Improper treatment In foreign lands.
We continue .steadily to Insist on tho
application of the Monroe doctrine to
the western hemisphere. Unless our
attitude in these and all similar mat
ters is to be a mere boastful sham we
cannot afford to abandon our naval
programme. Our voice is now potent
for peace and ls so potent because we
are not afraid of war. But our prot
estations upon behalf of peace would
neither receive nor deserve the slight
est attention if we were Impotent to
make them good.
The Army.
Within the last three years the Unit
ed States has set an example In dis
armament where disarmament was
proper. By law our army is fixed at
a maximum of 100,000 and a minimum
of 00,000 men. When there was Insur
rection In the Philippines we kept the
army at the maximum. Peace came In
the Philippines, and. now our army
has been reduced to the minimum at
which it is possible to keep it with due
regard to Its efficiency. We Bhould be
able, In the event of some sudden
emergency, to put into the field one
first class army corps, which should be,
as a whole, at least the equal of any
body of troops of like number belong
ing to any other nation.
Great progress has been made in pro
tecting our coasts by adequate fortlfl
cations with sufficient guns. We
should, however, pay much more heed
than at present to the development of
an extensive system of floating mines
for use In all our more important har
bors. These mines have been proved
to be a most formidable safeguard
against hostile fleets.
The Philippines.
In the Philippine Islands there has
been during the past year a continua
tion of the steady progress which has
obtained ever since our troops definite
ly got the upper hand of the Insur
gents. The Philippine people, or, to
speak more accurately, the many
tribes and even races sundered from
one another more or less sharply who
go to make up the people of the Philip
pine Islands, contain many elements
of good, and some elements which we
have a right to hope stand for prog
ress. At present they are utterly in
capable of existing in Independence at
all or of building up a civilization of
their own. I firmly believe that we
can help them to rise higher and high
er In tho scale of civilization and of
capacity for self government, and I
most earnestly hope that in the end
tliey will be able to stand, if not en
tirely alone, yet In some such relation
to tho United States as Cuba now
stands. This end is not yet In sight,
and It may bo Indefinitely postponed
If our people are foolish enough to turn
the attention of the Filipinos nway
from the problems of achieving moral
and materia] prosperity, of working
for a stable, orderly and Just govern
ment, and toward foolish ap* danger
ous intrlguos for a complete independ
ence for which they are as yet totally
unfit.
On the other hand, our people must
keep steadVy Jjpfore their minds tho
fact tliatalAe Justification for our stay
in the Philippines must ultimately rest
chiefly upon the good we are able to
do in the islands. I do not overlook
the fact that in the development of our
Interests in the Pacific ocean and
along its coasts the Philippines have
played and will play an Important part
and that our interests have been sorv
ed In more than one way by the pos
session of the Islands. But our chief
reason for continuing to hold them
must be that we ought In good faith
to try to do our share of tho world's
work, and this particular piece of work
lias been imposed upon us by tho re
sults of the war with Spain. Wo are
endeavoring to develop tho natives
themselves so that they shall take an
over Increasing share in their own gov
ernment, and, as far as ls prudent, we
are already admitting their representa
tives to a governmental equality with
our own. There are commissioners.
Judges and governors in the lsllhds
who are Filipinos and who have exact
ly the same share in the government
of the islands as have their colleagues
who are Americans, while In the lower
ranks, of course, the great majority of
tlie public servants are Filipinos.
Within two years we shall bo trying
the experiment of an electivo lower
house in tlie Philippine legislature. If
the Filipinos aqt with wisdom and self
restraint, if they show that they are
capable of electing a legislature which
In Its turn is capable of taking a sane
and efficient part in the actual work of
government, they can rest assured that
a full and increasing measure of rec
ognition will be given them.
Every measure taken concerning the
Islands should be taken primarily with
a view to their advantage. We should
certainly give them lower tariff rates
on their exports to the United States.
If this Is not done it will be a wrong
to extend our shipping laws to them.
I earnestly hope for the immediate
enactment into law of the legislation
now pending to encourage American
capital to seek Investment in the is
lands in railroads. In factories, in plan
tations and In lumbering and mining.
A Cape Town sergeant of police, con
victed of ncci'pling bribes from women,
lias been sentenced to sixteen months'
Imprisonment.
A HOME SHAMPOO.
How t. Clean the Scalp
and EST,
flia
Hair Soft and rhtr.
Washing the hair ls a tadk most wo
men dislike, and even the girl who can
least afford the dollar a month neces
sary to a professional shampoo pre
fers to pay It ut a sacrifice rather than
bother to wash her own hair.- Yet It
the work ls gone about In the right
manner at home it need not be difficult
stall.
The first thing ls to prepare a sham
poo liquid. Take a square inch of
lome good soap, shave it. fin* and dis
solve it In half a cup of hot water.
Then add a teaspoonful of violet arm,
monla and the raw white of an egg.
Beat these thoroughly and strain
through a wire sieve. Mow stand with
the bead over a basin, pour a little of
the shampoo over the scalp and', rub
briskly with both hands. Use all the
liquid in tills way, rubbing It *thor-'
oughly on the scalp. After this wash
the scalp with several basins of warm
water and then wash the long hair lp
the basin of water. Rinse by holding
the head over the bathtub and pout
ing over it a stream of warm water,
keeping this up until the water that
drips' from the hair ls perfectly clean.
Then dash with cold water to closo the
pores and prevent taking cold.
You are now ready to dry the hair.
First wrap It in a thick towel and
wring thoroughly. Then spread a dry
towel across the back, throw the hair
back and rub the scalp well and dry.
It may take some time, but It is the
best possible means of drying, acting
as a massage too. Call in tho aid of
the sun if possible, but never use
steam. Do not brush the hair until It
ls thoroughly dry. Then, as you brush,
raise tlie hair, that tlie strands may be
separated. After this combing will not
be difficult, and when the h#lr is ready
to go up It will be soft and fluffy.—Chi
cago News.
PEG DRESSES.
A Grandmother'. Hint Aboat Gown,
and Tltelr Wearing.
"The way to bo well drcsBcd," said
grandmother, "is never to have 'peg
dresses.' That was my mother's rule,
1
and I have always made it mine.
"What arc'peg dresses?' Why, gowns
that hang in one's closet, are not often
worn and get a little out of style. They
are apt to be the 'best gowns,' by
which I mean those for dressy occa
sions. Most of us have but one, which
is worn so seldom that it becomes a
problem to keep It always In style, ^or
there is a limit even to the changing
of sleeves and alteration of the adorn
ment of lace. When that'ls reached
the owner must be firm with herself
and discard the dress in Its present
form. For this reason I think it a good
plan to fsave tills gown of rather inex
pensive material and let its beauty be
In the way It is made then when it
^must step down from its high estate
we can put the scissors to it with bet
ter grace, for I have always found that
It takes moral courage to attack a rich
gown which ls Just too much out of
fashion to wear. As this dress mnat
be made-over, I thlnk.lt well to pur^*-*.
chase a material that will afterward
be suitable to go with the rest of the
wardrobe either us fancy waist, trim
ming or perhaps as silk petticoat."—
Brooklyn Eagle.
'CULINARY CONCEITS.
Tough meat may be made tender by,
Bprinkllng with vinegar.
If hard boiled eggs are placed in co]
water before peeling, the .shells,
not adhere to the eggs.'
When making mayonnaise'sauce
lect a very cool place for the purpose.
If made in ii hot kitchen It is apt to
separate In the process.
Cut stale bread Into very thin slices,
place on a tin and dry In the oven till
crisp. Store these wnfers in a tin and
eat with cheese or buttered for tea.
Remember not to add butter or oil
when browning salted almonds. They
will retain enough of the salt without.
Besides, the butter makes them'Indi
gestible.
Muffins and gems made without eggs,
but with more milk and butter, the
batter beaten with a wooden spoon till
it Is very light, ore said to be indistin
guishable from those made with eggs.
i'S'
KI Her Blessed Power.
Alluding to the good Influence exert
ed by a kind hearted woman of humble
life and retiring disposition a great
writer on moral and rellglouB subjects
says: "What was the secret of her
power? What bad she done? Abso
lutely nothing, but radiant smiles,
beaming good humor, the tact of divin
ing what every one wanted, told that
she had got out of self and learned to
think of others, so that at one time it
£bowed Itself by sweet words, at an
other by soothing a sobbing child. Mono
but she saw those things. None but
loving heart could see them. That
was tho secret of her blessed power.
The woman who, whatever her station
in life may be, will be found In trial
capable of great acts of love ls ever
the one who ls always doing
ones."
Be Affreeable.
A woman in company to make her
self agreeable must alwayB seem pleas
ed and contented. She mqst glvo the
impression that she is really enjoying
herself, whether that be the ease or
not
The woman who wants to make hex
self liked by being agreeable must
have one style for all. There must b»
no consideration of position of par
ties In this respect. The role should
be one style for rich and poor, no
fawning on the one or haughtiness for
the other. The woman who adopts
this latter line of behavior ends by be
ing disliked all round.
Whl.tleil Oat the (liai,
A teacher of musical ability In
large western cily was accustomed to
play a march on the organ as-lier pu
pils, who were at just tho mischief age.
passed out for Intermission. The march
generally Inspired the feet and brought
good results. One day while playing
she heard a faint whistling, but did
not stop, resolving, with a teacher's
Instliin, to "reach them after awhile"
The next time when tho pupils were
about halfSvay out she suddenly stop*
ped tlie music. Five or six boys jypcre
whistling the tunc. Darting a glance
at each one that seemed to fill theToom
with a deathlike stlllncsB, she proceed
ed with the march, but said nothing.
The next intermission began with dif
ferent music. Each boy was given a
corner, with his face toward the wail,
the extra ones being tucked behind the
cupboard and organ.' The teacher gave
the key and then said kindly, but firm
ly. In |T voice that demanded immedi
ate obedience. VBoys. yon may whistle
tlie class out alone this time/' They
tried turning from right to left Just
for a minute and then whistled put
the CIOSB. A second .dose wus not
needed.
v,