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I 1 (H *V' DAIRY AND POULTRY. INTERESTING CHAPTERS FOR OUR RURAL READERS. Dow Sneeaaafol Far man Oparnta This Uupcrlmnt o( tha Farm—A Vow Mlnta to tha Cua of Lira Stock and Poultry. Ko Dairy Kducotlon la California* Bulletin 24, of the Department at Agriculture, treating of dairy educa tion in California says: In striking contrast with California's characteristic energy in advancing the interests of many of her industries'In every possible way, the one method of promoting dairying, which In other states is considered of the greatest im poTtance, has thus far been neglected The state Is doing nothing In the line of special dairy instruction, and her dairy interests are suffering In conse quence. The reason may be that this branch of agriculture has not until recently become one of the important industries of the state, and those hav ing power to assist in Its promotion have not yet realized its great possi bilities. Efforts to establish a state dairy school have been made, but without success. It was a subject of discussion at the dairymen's conven tion. and its friends will continue to agitate It, hoping that a school will be opened In the near future. The neeersity for such a school is readily seen. In the past few years there have been many improvements and changes in dairy operations, and the improvements and changes still con tinue. Butter and cheese makers who now follow comparatively recent but really out-of-date methods are work ing at a great disadvantage. New forms of machinery are constantly be ing introduced, methods of manufac ture are being perfected, market re quirements are becoming more strict, and competition is growing more keen. Special instruction in dairying is of fered at more or less well-equipped schools in thirty-one states. California is the only one in which the Industry is at all prominent that is not on the list. The need of a dairy school In California is very apparent. The an nual reports of the state board of trade show the Importance of the dairy industry as compared to others. The value of California dairy products is equal to two-thirds the value of her gold output, and far exceeds the value of any other mineral product. The dairy products are worth almost half as much as the wheat crop and about half as much as the combined crops of all kinds of fruit. The receipts from sale3 of butter, cheese, cream, and milk amount to nearly double the annual expenditures for the support of the public schools. According to the last census California ranks in dairying with other states as follows: Seventeenth in total number of cows seventeenth in total butter product ninth in total cheese product. Yet thirty-one states are ahead of her in encouraging and promoting dairying by offering spe cial dairy instruction. It is seen that the dairy interests of many of them are smaller than those of California, both in toto and in comparison with other industries. Horses for Europe. The German trade does not require either an impossible or an ideal horse, suited to all purposes but it does de mand good horses of every kind, thor oughly prepared for their special work. A horse to bring a remunerative price, either for home or foreign service, must fill a distinct place, i. e., he must be a good one of his kind, whether he be a cavalry horse, a draft horse, a car riage horse, a trotter, a hunter, a polo pony or what kind soever. The stan dard by which good horses are judged is practically the same on both conti nents. A good horse in America is a good horse in Europe provided he fills a distinct want in the business of the country. In Europe horses pull carts, cabs, omnibuses, coaches, trams, plows, etc., and carry men on their backs. Thus they need horses of all breeds, for no one breed can possibly fill all of these requirements satisfac torily. Great Britain—Ninety per cent of all horses shipped to this country are draft horses, about 7 per cent are high-class coachers, and 3 per cent trotting and light carriage horses. Germany—Ninety-five per cent of all the horses shipped to Hamburg are draft horses, weighing 1,500 pounds or upward, the other 5 per cent being made up of high-class carriage, run ning, and trotting horses. Most of the latter are reshipped to Austria. France—About 85 per cent of the horses exported to this country are what are termed cabbers. The other 15 per cent are about equally divided between draft horses and trotters. Belgium—About 2 per cent of those sent to Antwerp are trotting or light buggy horses, 23 per cent street car horses, weighing 1,200 pounds, and 75 per cent draft horses, weighing 1,600 pounds and upward. Bread In* a Dairy Bard. (Condensed from Farmers' Review Sten ographic Report of Wisconsin Dairymen's Convention.) G. P. Goodrich read a paper on breeding a dairy herd. He told of hit attempts to get good cows by buying, but finally had to go to breeding and developing his own cows. He had ob tained very good results from feeding grain to his cows when on pasture. The yield one year went up to 800 pounds per cow, although there were a' number of two and three year old heif-' ers in the herd. He also feeds silage.' Q.—Was your Improvement in the T' herd due to breeding or feeding? %,{ Mr. Goodrich—I think that It was due to both. Mr. Goodrich—Corn meal and bran the reason for that is that there Is enough protein In pasture grass. Q.—Do you think that you can form a good opinion of the value of a dairy coir by purchasing her and taking her away from her old surroundings, and putting her into new and strange con-* dltiona? Mr. Goodrich—That depends on the kind of surroundings she has had if she has been owned by some progress ive man that has kept her under ideal conditions she might not do well in her new quarters, but if she is taken from ordinary conditions into my place she will be so well satisfied in a few days that she will do her best Q.—Do you think that It W prudent to feed a breeding cow corn meal? Mr. Goodrich—That depends on what the rest of the ration is. If she is get ting timothy hay and corn stalks and silage I would say not, but if she is getting clover or alfalfa you can bal ance it by feeding some corn meal. I never feed clear corn meal. C|.—How is oat meal? Mr. Goodrich—Oat meal is a good feed. Q.—What about gluten feed? Mr. Goodrich—I think it is all right. Q.—If you find that a cow is getting fat do you continue to give her corn meal? Mr. Good rich—I do not I give her niorp of the protein feeds. Q.—In feeding gluten feed, have you ever had trouble with the udder get ting hard? Mr. Goodrich—No, sir and we have fed as high as five pounds of gluten feed per day. Q.—How much wheat bran is it safe to feed? Mr. Goodrich—I do not think that you are likely to feed enough bran to do any damage. Trichinosis. The parasite that causes this disease is called trichina spiralis. It infests the flesh of several animals, especially the hog. From the hog it is sometimes transferred to man, causing severe sickness and not infrequently death. Trichina is found in pork both in America and Europe, and Its presence has been made a pretext by which somo foreign nations keep out Ameri can pork. Most of the pork inspection at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, Is due to the prominence of this ques tion in the European mind. However, German pork Is as much infested with trichina as our own, and it is believed a little more so. Trichina inhabits the bodies of ani mals at all stages of its existence, and where swine are entirely unable to get anything but vegetable diet the danger that they will become infested with trichina is small. For this reason it is not safe to permit swine to feed on the offal of slaughter houses, car rion, rats, mice and the like. Hogs so fed become a menace to the health of the eaters of the pork they produce.' The trichina is very small, and lives in minute crysts in the muscles. When these cysts are eaten by hogs the juices of the stomach set loose the imprisoned trichinae which escape into the intestines where they pair and the females bring forth numerous brood of larvae, which find their way to the muscles, where they In turn be come encysted. The hog himself does not appear to suffer from the presence of these parasites, and they can there fore be discovered only by a micro scopic examination of the pork. It is said that no remedy has been discov ered that will destroy the trichinae after they have become encysted in the muscles. When pork Infested -with trichinae is eaten by man the thou sands of cysts are operated on by the juices of his stomach. The parasites are let loose and proceed to his In testines where they pair and breed. Their progeny begin a march through the walls of his Intestines to his muscles, and induce symptoms similar to typhoid fever. If the man can en dure the horrible pain of the migration of the parasites from his intestines to his muscles he will live. The trichinae will form cysts there and give no fur ther trouble, but will remain with him through the rest of his life. Animal Husbandry In Tennessee, The cost of feeding the dairy cow or the beef animal in Tennessee will vary from 10 to 20 cents per day. In one case we may expect two to three gal lons of milk, worth 20 to 25 cents a gallon, and one and a half to two pounds of butter, worth 20 to 25 cents a pound while in the other, from one and a half to two and a half pounds of beef will be an approximate 'gain. These figures should suffice to con vince UB of the money in these indus tries. A suitable ration for It dairy cow would be 30 pounds of silage, 10 pounds of cowpea or clover hay, S pounds of corn meal, 2 pounds of cot ton seed meal, and 5 pounds of bran. For young growing stock, we may use silage, 20 to 30 pounds cowpea or clover hay, 10 .pounds cotton seed meal, 1 pound bran, 1 pound corn meal, 2 pounds. Or if the farmer has oats, these may be substituted for cotton seed meal. It may be necessary to increase the meal ration to six pounds, depending on the amount of growth or fat »desired and the age bit' the anlmaL Where silage can not tie had, shredded corn fodder may be sub stituted. For beef production the following ira .tlon will answer when the animals are to b$ put on the market within four months, and where winter feeding is pursued: Silage, SO pounds cowpea or etover hay,10 to 16 pounds corn meal, 6 toJ8 pounds cotton seed meal, a to pounds. Oats and' bran may be su$* stltuted for cotton seed meal, it these food stuSs are cheaper and are at hand. In place of sllage,shredded corn fodder mar. be used tor beef nroduc- Ponltry Motes. The man that wants to raise broli ers for market must be laying his plans as early as this, for he wants to fill and start his Incubators In the fall, at a time of year when it is most difficult to get fresh eggs. Consequent ly at this time of year he must be pushing the growth of his best chick* so they will begin to lay by October. Meat meal should be fed as extensive ly as possible to get the development Wherever well-developed chicks can be bought at a reasonable figure It should^ be done. Here and there may be gathered up the Some poultrymen express the belief that there is more money in geese than in any other class of farm poultry. They consider that the risk of loss with geese is smaller than with ducks, turkeys or chickens. It is claimed that the goose Is a larger consumer of grass than the duck and can be there fore raised at '.ess expense. Goslings grow very rapidly and when fattened usually bring better prices per pound than ducks. One poultry raiser asserts that old geese are the hardiest and least liable to sickness of any of our feathered stock. For shelter almost anything will do except in the coldest weather in the more northern part of the country. In the winter their web bed feet act as snow-shoes and they are rtbt therefore frightened at the snow. Add to this the fact that geese produce eggs at profit whgn quite old and we see that much is said in her favor. a a a Not every amateur can successfully raise broilers for market. It is the work of the specialist Unless one thoroughly understands the business he is not likely to make a success of It. One should not embark any large amount of capital In it without con siderable experience on the part of the man that is to control the enterprise. The best way for a man to get this preparation is for him to have had eight or' ten years experience with poultry generally. Then he should each year raise for the market as many broilers as possible. In produc ing eggs we can depend to a consid erable extent on natural conditions. But In the case of broilers artificial' means must be employed^ which means that new elements are introduced and new experiences are required. Kind of Horses Wanted In England. The United States government has been trying to find out the kind of horses the English desire, with the following results: In London the tramways, bus com panies, jobmasters and owners of light delivery wagons are large purchasers of American horses. Horses for their use must be from 15 1-8 to 16 hands high, weigh from .1,200 to 1,350 pounds,! be compactly built, with plenty of bone and muscle and good action, and average from 5 to 7 years of age. They should measure from 76* to 78 inches in girth, and from 8% to 9% inches around the leg just below the knee. Such horses will sell from $170 to $185, and sometimes as high. as ¥200. Large bus horses for suburban work, 5 to 8 years old, 16 hands high, weighing 1,600 to 1,700 pounds, with a girth of 88 inches, bring from $185 to $225, and exceptional native horses sell as high as $400. The "trotting vanner," a synonym for useful light delivery wagon horse, 16 to 16% hands, 78-inch at girtlrand 7% inches around the leg just below the knee, sells for $125 to $150. Carriage horses, 90 inches at girth and 9% inches around the leg just below the knee, with good knee action and well bred, will, if well matched, bring from $750 to $1,500 per pair. For heavy draft horses the de mand is always brisk, and Clydesdale and Shire horses are reported In de mand. Solid, stocky, 16Vs-hand, 1,750 pound horses, free from blemish, 5 to 7 years old, 10 to 10% inches around the leg just below the knee, and 98 to 100 inches girth, bring from $250 to $375. Misfits, Bcrubs and badly broken horses will not do but a young, good, sound, well-broken horse with plenty of bone and muscle, compactly built, of almost any recognized class or type will sell well in'the London market. Properly Hatched Chicks.—When an incubator is used be sure and see that the chicks are properly hatched. Poorly-hatched chicks are of little value, and you never know whether they are going to live or die. The good hatch nfiay be obtained by paying attention to every detail. The tem perature must not be too high nor too low the tfupply of moisture muat be right and the amount of ventilation must not be too graat Miscalcula tions in these regards will result in weak chicks that cannot be developed at a profit. -f. Steak Pudding.—Shred fine pound of suet, mix into it a quart of flour, a little salt, and enough water to mix as stiff as pie crust, roll out half an inch thick. Lay pieces of best or mutton steak with oysters and, a minced onion on the paste, roll up in a cloth and boil till done. Make a thickened gravy of the liquor and pour over it after removing from the cloth. Muggins—He's a lone widower. In :Bpgr gins—Yes he struck me for a loan yesterday. Illinois during the last fifteen years birds have decreased 38 per cent Pleasant Duck and Blush Plgg, axe two Missouri gentlemen. mmmam- -. There are ninety United StateB sen ators, and of the present senate twen ty-four members have served more than twenty years. The recent success 'at the Democratic primaries in Ala bama of John T. Morgan insures him another term. He took his seat in the senate March 5, 1877, and at the con- chicks that were elusion of his next term will have been hatched in March and April, and if thirty-two years consecutively in office they have been well started their ma turity may be reached by early fall. a a a as senator from Alabama. Senator Jones of Arkansas will have eighteen years in the senate io his credit on the completion of his term in 1903. Senator Teller of Colorado first entered the upper house in 1876, and his present term does not expire until 1903 but he resigned in 1882 to become secretary of the interior, an office which he held for-three years, at the close of which he was returned to con gress. Mr. Piatt of Connecticut has been more than twenty-one years a. senator his colleague, Senator Haw ley, has been in the senate, nineteen years Senator Cullom, whose term ex pires March next, and whose successor the next Illinois legislature will choose, has had seventeen years of service, while Senator Allison of Iowa became a senator in 1873 and has been continually in that office for twenty seven years, and his term has still three years to run. Senator Frye of Maine was chosen nineteen years ago, and his colleague, Senator Half, was chosen at the same time. Senator. Hoar of Massachusetts was elected in 1877 and has held his seat continuous ly since then. Senator Davis of Min nesota was'elected in 1877, and the two Missouri senators, Cockrell and Vest, are both veterans in service, any proj ect to replace either with a new man being regarded In Missouri as little short of revolutionary. Mr. Cockrell. IN Andreas Lachapa of Mesa Grande, Cal., is, as nearly as we can guess, 100 years old. The old Indians date all events from the battle of San Pasqual, in 1846. At that time his sons were men. High above the valley upon overlooking hills Lachapa heard the thunder of the heavy guns and the sharp crack of rifles, and the next day saw the dead men. There were many. The Spaniards told him to fight the Gringos, but he was afraid of the ter rible noise. Though his eyes are so dim, Lachapa Is looking for his son, Jesus Lachapa, who left him twenty-flve years ago, and would now be about 50 years old. Never a day but the old man looks for the absent son, whom he hopes to find before he dies. Lachapa has known three conditions of life. When he -was a young man he hunted deer, brought it home across his shoulders, cut, roasted and ate- itr, then danced and slept "We hunted rabbits and met the Santa Ysabels and fought," he says. "We always fought. But when the desert Indians came to rob us we all united and killed them. You can see their empty houses on the desert "Then the father came, and we did Story of the Minuet.. .There is an interesting story told: of the minuet, which is, perhaps,the most popular .of all Paderewskl'* composi tions. Paderewski, while & professor at the Conservatoire of Warsaw, was one evening at the house pft the Polish poet, Swicztochowski, who. expressed the opinion that no living composer could compare with Mozart tn. beauty and simplicity. At the moment Pa derewski merely shrugged '-his shoul ders, but the following erasing' he ap peared and asked permission to play his host a' little thing of Mozart's which perhaps he dto not know. He played the minuet. Swicztochowski was enraptured and erred triumphant ly: "Now you mast acknowledge that a piece like that could not have been written In our timet" "Well," «ald Paderewski, quietly, "that happens toi be a minuet composed by m^" Some people insist upoa htdingthelr light under a bushel w4en a thimble would be quite large enough for the pitrpos*. Who succeeded Carl Schurz, has been THE S UNSET OF LIFE LACHAPA AND HIS WIFE a senator since 1875, and Mr. Vest, who succeeded Gen. Shields, has been a sen ator since 1879, twenty-five years and twenty-one years respectively. Sena tor Vest's term has three years to run, and that of.Senator Cockrell five. A small state which has been very tenacious in the support of Its senato rial representatives Is Nevada, Sena tor Jones having bfeen first fleeted in 1873—about coincident with "the crime of '73," of which"much has been heard in Nevada—and Senator Stewart hav ing been first, elected in 1864, thirty six years ago. He was re-elected in 1869, but retired after sixteen years of service to re-enter the senate in 1887, since which he has served consecu tively, and has been re-elected for an other term, at the conclusion of which he will have had eighteen years of consecutive service and twenty-nine years of actual service, with only one break. Senator Chandler of New Hampshire has, been in office since 1887. Senator Sewell of New Jersey was first elected In 1881, but has not been consecutively in the senate. Sen ator Aldrich of Rhode Island has been a senator since 1881. He succeeded Gen.Burnside. Senator Bate of Ten nessee was elected in 1887. Senator Daniel of Virginia in 1887, succeeding Gen. Mahone. It is usually to be observed that, with the conspicuous exception of Mis souri, it is the smaller states which adhere to the policy of successive re elections for their senators. It is found usually that a senator of long experi ence can be of more service politically to his constituents than one who is less famlliaf with the conditions of Washington life, and in small states the importance of federal patronage Is not' to be underrated. not know better, and' we kilted' hihr,. and we are sorry—sorry. Then we learned to pray and bless ourselves.. We planted corn and squash and: the land was ours. Now the white men are here. They give us coffee and" su gar, and we wear clothes and know many things. Yes, I am glad they came. We old' men suffer much but our children can read' the little black marks. "My boys are all dead, except Je* sus. He went away years ago, but I think of him all" day. I am going above soon, and I want to know of hl» hap piness Poor old' Andras and his little Guadeloupe, his wife, have Aeverasteed for help. Though he is bent altarost double and' her hair Is as white as oat ton, they plant the little patch of beans, and gather seeds and acorns. Though almost blind', Guadeloupe holds, her work up to the sunlight and weaves with tremulous fingers the basket- that will buy the' precious sugar and' oof fee, on spins tile soft fiber of the silk stalks for the carrying net.. So kind they are to. each other, so gently so indUBtriOusi it lis a pleasure to visit their poor little home and listen to their storiea of the past V. nay mm Words.. "Rigfrt ahead of us," resumed: tha traveler, who was narrating, his expo rlencas,. "yawned'the mountain b*so^-w. "Do you JjcBow," artlessly, interrupted one- of the younger woman- in tt» com pany, "that seems very queer to me. How can a mountain yawn?'" "Did you new see Cumberland Gap miss?** he asked. And there were no morein terrupttona.—Chicago. Tribun*. •n^i Xllllt/otak. "Tommy," said a father to. his pre cocious B^year-old son andi heir, "your mother tells me sbe gives yon pennies to be good. Do you think that is right?"- "Of course it is," replied Tommy, "you certainly don't want me to grow up »ni be-good for nothing, do you?" BIs Oraaca LITTLE GIRfc AND BIG MA!f. The Latter Was a Bursrlar, Bat the pinekr Little Maiden Pat Him t» Fllffht. Bessie Holloway, a thirteen-year-old school girl, put a big burglar to flight from her home last night with her father's big revolver. Her parent was sick in bed, and she did not wish to dis turb him, so she tiptoed to the kltctoen, where she had heard someone' rummag ing about, and, pointing the revolver directly at the intruder, said, in a com manding voice: "Run!" In making a precipitate exit, tne man broke through a window. The. noise aroused Mr. Holloway, who came, down stairs, and was greeted! by hi» child with tne expression: "Well, maybe he didn't run, though"' She is a mere child id appearance-, and is very bashful over her exploit, 'seeming to regard it as a matter of course, the only 'tiling for a dutiful 'daughter to do when her father wa® sick in bed and ought not to be dis turbed by any noise or commotion. In narrating her story of the' exploit,. «he°said: "Papa was sick and sleeping oh, so /, quietly, and I was in his room all alone, and then I heard somebody, down stairs, and I knew they* ougto$~ not to be down there, and there had been so many bad men breaking" into houses that I thought they had' come to take our things, and I did not want papa to be troubled. I took his pistol on the mantle, and tiptoed' dowtfi to the dining room in my bare' feet, and there was a very bdg man peering^ into the pantry. "There was enough light to tell tbat he was a very big man, but I drew the revolver up with both hands, and said,. 'Run!, just as loud as I could, and he turned and looked at me so quick if frightened me, but he ran away* through the window, and I was glad of it, for I really did not Virant to-hurt•the-' man, for he might have been only hun» gry." Of course, Bessie is the hero of tile village, and, while she bears her hon ors irodestly, her father will talk for" her, and says she is the bravest little girl in the world.—Fenton (Mo.) Dis patch. Reporter Sent In the Wrong Cardi An official of the supreme court was puzzled by a card sent in to him by a desperate newspaper man Monday, April SO, when the arguments on the Kentucky government case began. The court room was full of sightseers, and the overflow extended in a long line down the corridor. The reporter tried to get in ahead of the line, and was stopped. He protested. "Shall these rubbernecks be let in to monopolize the supreme court room when I—I, a newspaper man, ordered! to report the case, am kept out?" he exclaimed. "Them's orders," said the ancient colored ir.an at the door. Off rushed {he reporter to the court marshal's office. He yanked out liis wallet, and, seeing a card in It, wrote on the back: "My editor orders me to report the Kentucky case to-day. Must be ad- mitttd can't wait for the crowd." In a moment the answer came back, and his card with it: "No room." The reporter looked at the card he had sent in and blushed. He had by mistake, given the attendant not his own, bat the card of a manager of a troupe of ballet and variety perform ers.—Washington Letter. PATENTS. tlri of Patents Iuaed Ln*t Week to Iforthweatern Inventor*. Charles P. Babcock, Minneapolis Minn., machine for casting printers' leads Charles W. Brown, Mitchell, S. D., broom holder Charles W. Christ man, Waterville, Minn., photographic -r vignetter John E. Erickson, St Paul, Minn., dovetailing machine John Gil bert, Fisher, Minn., land roller Ru- gene Jacquemin, Minneapolis, Minn., car axle brass William T. Rolph, Min neapolis, Minn., sofa-bed (reissue) John W. Stevens, St. Paul, Minn., rail- way rail Joint. H«rwln. Lotknv a Johnaon. Patent Attav vara, MA a HI Plontar Praia Bids.. It Mai. Often Arbitrated. Bn the differences that would some tiir.es arise between members of his tenantry the duke of Argyll was often invited to arbitrate upon «the matter-In dispute and he used to tell a charac teristically Scotch story of one of the occasions. Two tenants having waited:. upon Mm and asked him to decide the'• question at issue, the duke put what he always regarded as a very neces sary primary question: "Will you abide by my award?" "WeB, your grace," was the reply of dne of the hard-headed old disputants, Ta Dke to ken first what It Is."—Lon* don Chronicle. ACMottal In the British South Alrloan :.S,_ Jto*r~ soya that Adams' Tuttl Frutti was a bloaalnfio^ Ua.au* while marching. What She Saw. w. Detective—Did you see a man and-* woman driving past here.ln a alDeut an hour ago? Blank—Yea. Detective—Ah! we're,- getting-X on track of them. What) kind of to was it? airs. Blank—They were driving fast I didn't notice that. But the wo? •an had on a Scotch mohalr and woolt Jacket of turquoise blue, laet yeatfsv style, with deep, circular flounce, At the 1 Th'e largept orang«L tree in the south grows in Terre Bonne parish, Louisi ana, and li 50 feet high and 15 feet in circumference at the bwer It has often yielded 10,000 oranges per season, pays the New York Mail and Kxpreu. -4 .jj, mm •Stes. -fear .t a. [tin stfew hat, tilted and rather fiat, ttlrcined with hydrangeas .and loopp of* pale-blue surah, and her hata-was dene up pompadour. Ubat's all, li had tlma to see.—^Chicago Hribune/ Scat tiaa br Wajtar Mar a Oo. ofOkotaaBaalpaa a. ImT.Oi Finally the Americans entered one or the French buildings, in which wasdlsr played a huge glass case, filled wlthi fiqger-marked documents. ."And pray, what la this?* Inquiredc: the womw. "Zat, madam," replied the French^/ guide, bowlng lojr, "to ze Rroyfua. case."—indlanarottsSun. **v- Blxer*a Cordial War. "Blxey was a hospitable fellow."1 "Yes I have nevtr called-an-him without his Inviting me to call again.* "Did you have business relatione With him?" I W a F-*.jft .IP N 9 a A Plain Dealer, s- irX