The Washburn leader. [volume], May 03, 1912, Image 7

About The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986

Image provided by: State Historical Society of North Dakota

                
W$,
&&
Vv
*7
'4.
I
»0
li»
ill
-V',"'•*' li"
'•$L-: f-
ISare
81
!V
MISS CLAUDIA LYON'fll
MIm Claudia Lyon, the terv-yaar |M
da ugh tar of Caell Lyon, Republican
national committeeman from Texas,
will chrlaten tha feattleahlp Tana
whan It la* launcHad en May 18.
HE. CHURCH IHCONFERENCE
MANY PROMINENT CHURCH
LEADERS ATTENDING.
Great Religious Gathering at Minneap
olis Which Will be in Session
for Four Weeks.
-Minneapolis, Minn., May 'I .—Start
ing laBt night with a reception by the
.city to the delegates, the General
Conference of the Methodist Episco
pal church got down to business to-
'i (day. It was a remarkable gathering
which attended the first business ses
®ioB in the Auditorium, for in addl
jtion to .the delegates from this coua
try, there were bishops and -others
from many parts of the earth.. Fra
ternal delegates from numerous other
churches also are here and will be de
ceived at various times.
For nearly four weeks the confer
ence will be in session, and every day
there will be noon meetings down
town and evangelistic meetings in the
afternoon at the Auditorium, in addi
tion to the business meetings and the
more formal events scheduled for the
evenings. Among the latter are leo
tures by Dr. Cadjnan of Brooklyn,
Bishop Quayle, Dr. Matt 8. Hughes
and William J. Bryan.
Last night the delegates were wel
comed by Governor Bberhart, Rev.
Andrew Gillies and Bishop Robert Mc
Intyre. BiBhop H. W. Warren and
Han ford Crawford, chairman of the
yfv''i General Conference Commission, of
i8t Louis, responded.
Bishop Warren, in his address, gave
tentative outline of the' program for
t)ie meeting. Beside the election of
several new bishops and the heads of
missionary and benevolent boards, the
conference wiil deal with several im
portent ecclesiastical problems.
TURKISH SHIP IS SUHK.
Jg: Tte Ttxai Strikes a Submarine MIm
Smyrna.
-1111
1
Smyrna,' Majr 1. The steamer
J®*** belonging to the Archipelago
American Steamship company, struck
1^ mlne at the entrance to the gulf of
J- Smyrna, and sank. One hundred and
forty persons on board were daowned.
T*e
Texas was flying the Turkish
'''a5iv.#i! fieg and' was engsgsid In' carrying
imaila from Constantinople to the Lev
.'SlllPf? ®t was first stated that the Texaa
was an American vessel, the error
55 arising from the tact that she 1s part
-cv of a local concern trading under the
'.ttama- of the Archipelago American
Steamship company.
The gulf of .Smyrna la one of the
finest harbors in the Mediterranean,
and
8myrna Itself la the principal
port of Aalatlc Tufkey. The entranoe
to the gulf waa extenaively mined
jaeme
time i|o by the Turkish au
thorities in order to protect the .port
against an attack by the Italian fleet.
.-The Texaa was a vessel of?61 ton*
register^ built' at' Newcastle.
Mackey-Bennett Reaches Halifax.
Halifax,
N. 8.,
T»
May 1. While
ahsrch beils tolled and British flags
flattered at half mast,' the cableahlp
Mackay-Besnett steamed slowly into
Halifax harbor bearingthedead picked
«p from the scene where the White
Star liner Titanic sank. It waa an*
noanced that the total number ot
hodleamboaMwasonahu^riedand
niaety 'and that it had been found
naeeaaary to bury no less than one
., .fcwliil': and slxteM-ar aen.^ 4m^
thoee brought to port are the bodiea of
two vpn.
ta Kansas far ljeoteyeltif|||
triat delegates to the republican w+:
tkml oonvfnMon: C, H.' jtotbto,
WWhlto Harry Woeda, Wellington, in
'atofltad or
AommvMI. WIIIIub
Altatf
WhHe oC IhnporU waa lndoraed fsr
J^MoiMa,Mayl.-Thel»thj»
To Males Advertising Pay.
"Use good bait, fresh bait, and pa
la the advioo Isaak Walton
years ago gave to flshsrmsn, and flsh.
Ing after all is what man engags In—
Ashing
lot
business. Hsve
good llvo oopy fresh,: up-to-dats "set
vf and patlsntly tsh in one pooL Turn
—var hsard of snoosasful ftnglsr
who rashss first to one pool and thea
to anpther. d«t the best pool known
by expsrieao# to contain the flah, and
hum htm
•ZW-
*Tm kind of uneasy about my
health, doctor," said the major. "I
have been suffering from shooting
pains In my right side, where my
heart is, and all my organs seem out
of whack In one way or another, so I
thought I'd ask you to examine me
and tell me what's wrong and give
me a prescription."
"I'll be glad to examine you and
prescribe, Major Standoff," replied the
doctor, "when you have settled that
old account of yours, which has been
running for three years. At the last
meeting of our county medical asso
ciation we passed drastic resolutions
forbidding members to have dealings
with certain people, who are notori
ously bad pay, and your name was the
first mentioned in this connection."
"Well, great guns!" cried the major.
"That I should have to be Insulted by a
lanternjawed Bawbones right here In
this town, which owes Its very exist
ence to my heroism and self-sacrifice
in the times that tried men's souls!
This surely
must be an evil dream
from which I shall presently wake!
It doesnlt stand to reason that any
man, much less a one horse doctor,
would dare to band such an Insult to
the pioneer who made the wilderness
blossom as the rose!
"Why, sir, I have been the best
friend you ever had since you hung
oat your shingle. I have boosted you
in season and out of season. I took
an*interest in you from the first, and
whenever a friend of mine fell sick I
would say to him: 'Gall on Doctor
Condiment! He Is the most divinely
gifted physician In these .parts.'
"When bid John Bonehead fell sick
he was going to send tor one of the
old established doctors, but I labored
with him and exhausted all my elo
quence to get him to send for you.
Now, I ask you, as man to man, did
he send for you on mT recommenda
tion or did he not?"
"He certainly did, and Tve always
felt that It was a low trick on your
part Here I was a stranger in a
atrange land, a young physician try
ing to establish a practice, and you
unloaded that old deadbeat on me and
nearly broke me up in business! I treat
«d. him for aix months and as soon as
lie was able to move he Jumped the door,
town and I haven't had oent from, drama
!him to this day."
"That's your idea of gratitude, sir,
Is it? When I go forth to the hedges
and highways to find patients for you,
you tiitek I should be responsible for
the IBlls they run up! I suppose yoy
have forgotten who called you up
when «dd Mrs. Toplofty fell sick.
lost as soon as I heard of her Illness
I nearly foundered myself Tushing to
a telephone to notify yon, knowing
that yon needed patlenta. 1 suppose
you ha^p'forgotten that Madness?"
"No, I have not forgotten, major,
and If It hadn't been for your gray
hairs I'd have shown my appreciation
with a wet elm club. I was just get
ting a, footing in some of the wealthy
homes of the town then. There was
a mild epidemic of measles, and I waa
quite busy and the outlook was en
couraging. Then you sent me your
confounded telephone message, and 1
rushed down to see Mrs. Toplofty, and
found that Ae had the smallpox!
"When my wealthy patrons learned
that I was treating a smallpox patient
they closed their doors to me. That
experience set me back two rears,
and now you have the nerve to come
here reminding me of it!"
"Well, of all the' shameless ingrati
tude that ever defaced the annals ol
oar glorious coantry this is the worst!
This Is the reward a man gets fof
helping the poor and needy, for strain
ing his hind lega rustling around try
ing to do good! A man may ahe^
blood and sever his heart-strings try
ing to aid struggling young men, and
after rears they turn and rend him!
"Well, you can go to thunder with
yonr aaedkal association. I dont
suppose yoa could tell an attack of
glindei» fKtn a luniir eclipse, any
how, and so your diagnosis wouldn't
be worth a oent. If I had a sick cow
I wouldn't let yon preecrtbe for her.
The undertaker was telling me only
yesterday that hell have to buy an
ajtri hcareo If you star bare. 8o 1
bid yon good morning."
on by oOering the bast bait
li* yonr kit Ilshlag and advMtlslng
aro aHtoa*r-P»Bad1phla Iawta*.
.. apt" only dp
llllwilMatI :.
.tap* ftitott ftta*
msML II to
l*B»!
Mtiwm
onr dotr to regfttd otiMta
as baiag good ««tn flm prove tham
'iljilinif According
tothtoprl^ptoIM^*Hr«yatreaM
m|M(*
THE DIVORCE .PROCTOR.
The idea of a divorce proctor, first
applied in Kansas City, has been tak
en up in Chicago. Judge McDonald,
of the superior court of Cook county,
is advocating the adoption of the plan
in Illinois, and an effort will be made*
to have it put into effect by the state
legislature. There are strong rea
sons for the existence of such an offi
cial, says the Cleveland Leader.* Di
vorces are too easily obtained. Under
the present system it is often possible
to deceive a judge, no matter how
conscientious and careful he may be.
Collusion between the parties to ob
tain a divorce, in the absence of
causes recognized by the law, is by
no means uncommon and frequently
it is successful. Divorces are some
times obtained also without the
knowledge of the defendants. The di
vorce proctor represents .the state and
it is his duty to investigate every di
vorce case as carefully as a prosecut
ing attorney doeB the criminal cases
{he handles, with the difference that
frequently he finds It necessary to
igive his services on behalf of the de
fense. He ia working in the interest
Jpt the state—of society. Not only
does he prevent Injustice but be takes
a load of reaponsibllity off the shoul
ders of the judges and facilitates the
work of the courts as well.
The suggestion of Prof. George D.
Baker, of Harvard, head of the Drama
League, of Boston, that American
audiences should indicate their disap
proval of plays and players by hissing,
Is received by producers with disap
proval, naturally, and is not likely to
win much favor with the playgoer.,
The qualifications of the one who
hisses must be examined before wo,
will grant him the privilege, and not
even a certificate from the Drama
League that such and such persons
are equipped with critical judgment
and axe able to reach safe and soundl
ppintons will he scdflcient warrant fori
ja commission to Uss. It is imagin
able that the tired business masj
might find most earnest and sincere
pbjeefion to a plar which was giving
the Drama League keen intellectual
enjoyment, says the Chicago Tribute,
^t might he dangerous to commission
them to hiss, amd'lf the Drama League
hissed a play which the tired business
man was enjoying, It probably would
find itself on its bead outside the main
The hiss Will not help the
uplift. Empty seats are the
best protests against undesirable, bad
or banal plays.
Professor von Wasserman has In
formed the Berlin Medical Society of
amaxtngly successful experience in
treating cancerous ulcers in mice with
injections of a preparation containinfi
cosln, telliurium and seleniulm. He
says that after the fourth Injection ul
cerous affections almost entirely dis
appeared, and at the end of ten days
some 4f the animals were entirely
cured. But he is- not certain, he says,
that similar results would he attain
able in tite case of human beings.
Those French ghouls who broke
Into the tomb of an actress In the hope
of robbing her body of an $80,009
pearl necklace must never have heard
of a press agent. As a matter of fact
the necklace waa worth only $M.
The woman who bombarded bur
glar with an armful of china plates
had an excuse in that sfee did not have
tim« to hunt up the female's tradi
tional weapon at offense, the rolling
pin.,
A Buffalo man haa been ieieaied
after undergoing an operation to re
move his criminal tendencies. Now
other convict* want to be made good
paradoxically by the cut-up methods.
A New York woman laughed heraelf
to death over a Joke. Probably aha
Induced bar husband to accompany
her to a church aodable on the pro
tenae that it waa a baseball 'gams.
©fe#
A London scientist baa discovered
shock sometimes changes the
color of the eyee. And probably he
explained to
hto
wife
the edge
that he
of
a
ran Into
door In
the
be
tor
bait
daffc.-,:::^.:V!:
All the liars in the country do not
live In Wlnsted, Conn., say the Bos
ton Globe. If they did, Wlnsted. Oonn.,
jwonld
tlM^lflggeei
world.
in the
....
Oneofllfe'epleasantllttleaurprlses
Is to
open the
letter with
A
Hi PWlewWeHi
nervous
gan and Jnd a cheek saddled down
the pUoe vhero we expected a
bill.
Dent forget, brothers, that
191S to
loip year and «l^ lo«^ #onMh Is
plainly In the mood to
having everything She
Ike first female Jury penal in
fUMlann win
bear a eorset case tor
be tbankfnL
lanhastnrned anan-
cleat gMfi to «o^d accotrnt by siting
ttBtflttfSBM*
J-PS'TW ,V.!H
HARVESTER SUIT IS FILED
IN
THE UNITED STATES COURT
AT 8T. PAUL.
8ix Corporations and fifteen Individ*
uals are Named as
Dependants.
St. Paul, May 1.—The government
filed in St. Paul its suit asking for the
dissolution of the International Har
vester company on the alleged ground
that it is in violation of the Sherman
anti-trust act.
The government charges the har
vester company, a $140,000,000 con
cern, with being a combination in re
straint of trade, monopolizing or at
tempting to monopolize the manufac
ture and sale of harvesting machinery.
It alleges that the company has ad
vanced the prices of these articles "to
the grave Injury of the farmer and the
general public," and ia extending its
business into all lines of agricultural
implements with the purpose of mo
nopolistic control.
To accomplish the disintegration of
the so-called trust, the government
asks the court to issue injunctions to
bar from interstate commerce the pro
ducts of the International Harvester
company or the International Harvest
er company of America, its selling
agency. The appointment of receivers
to take charge of the property and
wind up the business, "if the court
should be of the opinion that the pub
lic interests will be better served
thereby," is suggested.
Mr. Dickey Files 8111.
The petition was filed by J. Mark
Dickey, assistant district attorney.
Mr. Dickey appeared In the absence
of District Attorney Houpt, who has
been in Washington conferring with.
the department of justice concerning
the suit.
Another petition was filed asking
Judge Willard to order the issuance of
subpoenas for all defendants not re
siding in this district, the subpoenas
to be returnable May 6, when the cor
porations and individuals are to enter
their appearance.
The defendants, Mr. Dickey an
nounced, would have until June S to
enter their pleadinga. Mr. Dickey also
stated the trials probably would be
set for the October term of court.
The following corporations and in
dividuals are mentioned as defendants
in the petitions:
International Harvester company.
International Harvester company of
America.
International Flax Twine company.
The Wisconsin Lumber company.
Illinois Ncrthern Railway company.
The Chicago, West Pullman and
Southern Railroad company.
Cyrus P. McCormick.
Charles Deering.
James Deering.
John J. Glessner.
William H. Jones.
Harold F. McCormick.
Richard F. Howe.
Edgar A- Bancroft.
George F. Baker.
William fLounderback.
Elbert H. Gary.
.1
:i3
-f.
Thomaa B. Jones.
John P. Wilson.
William L. Saunders.
George W. Perkins.
The goveraaoent alleges ttat the
harvester company controls at least
90 per cent of the trade in the United
States' harvesters or grain binders, 76
per cent of mowers and more than
£0 per cent of the hinder twine. There
are only three or four manufacturers
of the harvesting machinery to the
United States other than the interna
tional Harvester company, the petition
says. These, it is added, are compara
tively small, and as their business
dcea not embrace the entire United
States, in many sections of the conn
try the International Harvester com
pany has a complete monopoly of
harvesting machinery.
petition by securing control of great
majority of the retail Implement deal
era la the United Statee who are made
their exclusive selling sales agents.
The government chatgee that the
defendanta have absorbed competing
eompanlea, bat concealed their owner
chip, permitting them to be advertised
aa wholly Independent and without
oonnection with them, "intending
thereby to mislead, deceive and
fraud the public and mage effectually iftther Nature who did It
cripple existing competitors and keep
out new ones."
The International Harvester com
pany waa organised in New Jersey in
1M1 Prior to that tHne, the govern?
meat declares, these were 10 or IS es
tabHshmenta for the manufacture and
snl#harvesting implementa In ae
tive oompetiea wlth each other. The
aljegad traet waa formed through the
combination of the MoCormick Har
vaeting Machine company of Illlnola,
the Deering company of Illinois, toe
Piano Manufacturing company of lilt
nola. Warder, Buahnell ft Gleasaer
company of Ohio and the Milwaukee
Hmfveijtoreoeuiaj^
-Two liictfyctod'.tor
.Valhilah,
Ia. May
dlstrict dslsgatae to the re-
pubttcan national convention are
r.
W.
Green Lake Providence and W. p.
Iniley of Delhl. lnstructed for T»fL
CBS Msn latombed ln Mine.
SHOWING A GOOD EXAMPLE.
Considering agricultural Implements, physician charges, el
of every "ind other than harvesting
Good example to be of the most as
sistance must appeal to ua individ
ually. It is then that we are able to
appreciate it to its fullest measure.
Our natures act impulsively, as it
were, and we respond in a manner
which could not have resulted from
merely a few practical and well
meant suggestions on the part of oth-
The good influence which is pow-
era.
erful enough to enfold us in its em
brace before we are prepared even for
Its approach is the Influence which is
most far-reaching and enduring. It
asserts itself of Its own accord and
finding a ready welcome remains with
us long enough to help us on our way,
says the Charleston News and Cour
ier. Happy, indeed, Is he who is so
fortunate as to discover for himself
the power for good which is of most
use to him in his life work. We need
all the help we can get, for life is not
all roses and sunshine, and when the
nettles prick and the shadows deepen
we are glad enough to feel the pow er
of some good influence. It is in our
most trying ordeala, however, that we
turn Impatiently from those who
would force upon us some example
whose oft exploited perfections have
become an old story, and It is in such
momenta of trial that we greet wirh
Joy the wonderful power of that influ
ence which appeals to us naturally
even through the shadows that may
have gathered about us.
The statistics of the flre department
of New York show that at least 25
I per cent of the fires in that city are
caused by the careless use of matches
and of lighted cigars and cigarettes.
Is it not time that this awful risk to
others by careless smokers should be
taken account of by the law? It is
not a trivial matter. The tossing
aside ot lighted matches and cigar
butts without seeing where they land
ahould be as much of a penal offense
as bomb-throwing or incendiarism. A
careless cigarette, as far aa known,
caused the great flre in Baltimore, one
of the biggest in the world's history
and wholly preventable. A careless
match caused the recent flre in New
Tork, with Its loss of valuable life and
much loss of property—also wholly
preventable. The careless UBer of a
spark of flre is an enemy of the pub
lic welfare and ought to be treated as
such. We are as yet primitive in out
outlook upon vital facts.
Tou wouldn't think of It, perhaps
hut the Indianapolis News says that
now is the best time to swat the flies.
It will help you to keep warm. You
may have to hunt for them in the dark
corners of the cellar, up near the ceil
ing. Climb a stepladder, carrying a
cup of soapsuds in one hand a cloth
in the other, and brush the torpid In
sects Into the cup. Every fly killed
now means a reduction of the fly pest
next summer measured by the fly's
enormous capacity for increase and
multiplication. But there.is one thing
the Indianapolis News neglects to sug
gest, and that Is that strenuous fly
swatters. Hollowing the stepladder re
cipe, would do well to he very careful.
It isn't the most difficult thing In the
world to fall off a stepladder and come
to aa much confusion as la Intended
for the fly.
A Harvard professor aays that di
vorce la symptomatic of a diseaae
which he calls Americanltis and haa
something to do with nerves. He
probably right, for there Is never ai
divorce unless one party gets on the
nerves ot the other.
Dan'^ get ot tala
lines, the petition declares that the "c"u
output of the alleged trust amounts to
fcjr
over 30 per cent of whole. "e to'lnfer that an emaciated per
The government contends that the eon era make himself fat by starving?,
corporation bas been eliminating com-
superfluous flesh
Mberal meals per day,
One of San Francisco's wealthy club
men waa shot to death because be
spied on his wife and her chauffeur.'
He seems to have lacked an under
standing of San Francisco etiquette.
Sooth Dakota man wants a divorce
because hto wife made a fool of. him,
but he will have a hard time con
vincing the. court that It
Doctor Wiley says we need more
cook stoves and tower pianos. Wo
shudder to think of hie opinion of the
canned music we get out of
Srapba.-
how a girl who nearir taints
when brought Into contact with
caterpillar will .snuggle np to a young
man wearing one of tlwee fussy hats.
TltoKanaaajurorwbo.beecmlngln'
toxicated was fined |S and forever
herrpd from JuTr^service tltfnlm it
Unleee spriag ls going to bring
reaDr beautiful bate tor womon wo
•ot ease hew hmg lt rcmalna cold.
The self-made
H, but we
oeMoa
UPLINES MOOT
COMMISSION HANDS DOWN DE
CISION AFTER PROBE OF
MORE THAN A YEAR.
SUSPEND DULUTH RATES.
Chicago Board of Trade's Grain Rate
Probe Is Suddenly Dropped—
Will Likely Be Taken up
Again Later On.
Washington, May 1. Tap iinea
are not common carriers. That in gen
eral effect is the decision of the in
terstate commerce commission hand
ed down after an investigation of more
than a year.
The commission holds, however,
that each case must be determined on
its own facts, it being clear that some
so-called tap lines are entitled to the
privileges of common carriers. It ia
significant, however, that in every
one of the 36 tap line cases passed
upon by the commission, it is held
that "none of them is a common car
rier with reBpect to the service it per
forms for the proprietary lumber com
pany."
The opinion in the case was ren
dered by Commissioner Harlan and
was concurred in by all members of
the body. That it will result in ex
tended litigation and eventually find
its way to the United States supreme'
court seems a certainty. Involving an
Investigation of more than 2,000 in
dustrial railroads and teuB of millions
of dollars In capital invested, the tap
line case is one of the most important
proceedings ever undertaken by the
interstate commerce commission.
Nearly a year and a half ago. the
tariffs filed by the trunk line rail
roads cancelling their divisions of
rates with the tap lines and eliminat
ing the privilege of through routes and
joint rates, were suspended by the
commission. From time to time while
the matter bad been under considera
tion, the tariffs have been suspended
further by the voluntary action of
the trunk lines In order that the com
mission might bave thorough oppor
tunity to consider the complicated
question.
Immediately upon the announce
ment of the decision, attorneys for the
tap lines instituted efforts to obtain a
further suspension of the cancella
tions that they might bave legal time
in which to file with the commerce
court proceedings to restrain the pro
posed trunk line tariffs from becom
ing effective.
The language of the commission's
opinion is "that the cancellations by
the trunk lineB will be allowed to be
come effective on May 1 as provided
in the tariffs now on file."
It is indicated, however, that such
tap lines as may be found subsequent
ly to be Entitled to the privilege of
common carriers will be fully pro
tected by the commission.
In a supplementary opinion in which
he concurs with the general views of
the commission, Chairman Prouty ex
presses the view as to tap lines "that
to prohibit or discourage legitimate
enterprises of this character is to deal
a
serious blow to the future develop
ments of this country.
"I -believe that all' these services
should be performed by the railroad
Itself and that the shipper instead of
receiving an allowance for these ac
cessorial services, should be compelled
to pay a reasonable charge tor every
service rendered outside the ordinary
transportation."
Grsln Rate Probe Enda Suddenly.
Chicago.—Hearing of the complaint
against the rates charged by railroads
on wheat and flour from the north
west fields and mills to Chicago, which
begun before a special examiner tor
the Interstate commerce commission. ^1
came to an abrupt end.
The representative of the Chicago
board of trade, which filed the com
plaint, objected to the method of pro
cedure and moved that the complaint
he dismissed. The complslnt will bo
filed again In an amended form In aev-^i
eral months.
In grain add railroad circlea It wan':
said the appeal to the Interstate com
meroe commission.wss a eonfllct be-|!
tween the Chicago board ot trade and
Minneapolis millers. The Chicago men
contended that the railroad rate* ware I
discriminatory against them and far
vorable to the men of the Mlnneeota
city.
Grain
Tarlffe
Net to
COLORADO FOR OLARK.
Oeleaetos Instructed for Him "First,
Laat and *11 the Tlme."
Colorado Bpirlaga, May l. The
Colorado state Democratic convention
adopted r«iib"Miiiiola'',]|miuw.^^
(tide's delegates! to th^ natlpnal Deto
ocratie' convent'tjl/jiiippdiit. Cliiaip..'
Clvrk until s«fh Utoe aa he^-tonfif^^g
.vvV
-if
W
ii
1
7-T
4
'I
Be Renewed*
Duluth.—The traffic commlasion of
the Duluth Commercial club received
a supplement to the Canadian North
ern grain tortile announcing that no
extension on grain rates to Duluth and
the Twin Cities would be msde, and
tliat the tariffs will expire on the dates
originally intended. The tariff carry
ing ratea oa expert grain will expire
April. 30, and that on domestic ahlp»
menta will expire Mar Si.
0$
f&iss
Mi
'pIU