The Washburn leader. [volume], April 30, 1915, Image 2

About The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986

Image provided by: State Historical Society of North Dakota

                
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SNAPSHOTS OF
NOTABLE PERSONS
A. Mitchell Palmer, Chief Jus
tice Court of Claims.
Photo by American Prtn Association.
Alexander Mitchell Palmer of Penn
sylvania, who was recently appointed
Chief justice of the federal court of
claims, finished bis third term as a
representative to congress on March 4
last Last fall Mr. Mitchell went be
fore the people of Pennsylvania as a
candidate for the United States senate
on the Democratic ticket, but was beat
en at the polls by Boies Penrose. Re
publican, who has held down the job
since 1897.
During Mr. Palmer's cnreer as a con
gressman he was active and aggressive
and became one of the recognized lead
ers of bis party. He was a steady and
forceful worker for President Wilson
at the Baltimore convention and since
the advent of the present administra
tion has been one of Mr. Wilson's most
trusted allies on the floor of the house.
Judge Palmer Is credited with defeat
ing Charles M. Schwab in a labor in
quiry. When the Democrats of the
Sixty-third congress met in caucus
Leader Underwood, who called Palmer
his "strong right arm," nominated him
for caucus chairman, and.be was unan
imously elected. As such It was bis
duty to preside over the Democratic
caucus in the bouse more than any
other chairman ever did, for the great
tariff and currency bills were both de
bated and considered line by line In
Democratic caucus for weeks, entailing
much labor for Mr. Palmer.
A native of Stroudsburg. Pa., Judge
Palmer was educated at Swarthmore
college, from which he was graduated
In 1891 with the highest honors in bis
class. He studied law and was ad
mitted to the bar in 1893. Judge Pal
mer has practiced his profession with
success and is a director in several in
dustrial and financial Institutions. He
Is now chairman of the executive cam
paign committee of the Democratic na
tional committee.
Ruler of the Hellenes.
When the allied fleets began smash
ing the forts ef the Dardanelles the
people of Greece believed that the time
bad arrived when the Hellenic nation
should abandon its policy of neutrality
and enter the war against their ancient
foes, the Turks. King Constantlne.
however, against the sentiment of par-
KINO CONSTANT INK OF OBBBOB.
llament and the entire Hellenic race,
asked for the resignation of Premier
Veuizeloe, who favored entering the
conflict This action raised a storm of
protest from the people, wbo believed
that Greece should join the triple en
tente In tbp desperate struggle against
the Turk.
King Constantlne of- Greece was born
In Athens in 1868. During tbe wars
of 1912-13 he won great popularity for
tbe services be rendered In twe suc
cessive campaigns. He succeeded to
the throne In March, 1913. his father,
urtny George, having been assassinat
ed at Saloniki, which had been captur
ed from the Turks. King Constantlne
married In 1889 to Princess So
sister of the German emperor.
The wedding was attended by tbe kai
ser and members of tbe royal families
of every court In Europe. Soon after
ward Sophia renounced her Lutheran
religion and took that of her husband,
thereby deeply oflfendlng her brother
and others of her family.
1
EARTH ROADS.
Tbe earth roads are important
channels for the commerce of tbe
country, are large factors in tbe
social and church life of rural
communities and are of vital
importance to the present rural
educational interests and tbe fu
ture industrial developments of
agriculture. The very life, credit
and prosperity of our country re
quire that the rural community
shall have tbe highest possible
development, and tbe quality of
the road from the farm to tbe
village and the tfwn may aid or
retard this development. On one
band, the earth roads should not
be Improved at such expense
that the cost will be a real bur
den upon tbe community, and, on
the other hand, the roads must
not be so poor as to be a bar to
tbe highest reasonable develop
ment of the community. In near
ly every case the earth roads can
le greatly improved without ap
preciable expense and with mucb
advantage to the local commu
nity and to tbe entire country.—
Ira O. Baker.
BOND BUILT ROADS.
Financing Maintenance of Highways as
Important as Financing Construction.
We learned long ago about tbe ben
efits of good roads to farming commu
nities. Tbe states and tbe federal of
fice of public roads have also taught
us to discriminate between clay roads,
gravel roads, rock roads, and all the
other kinds of roads, and the federal
office has made a thorough study of the
problems of road finance.
A typical instance of mismanagement
that was brou lit to tbe attention of
tbe office occurred in a southern state
where $40,000 was recently distributed
equally over nearly ninety miles of
highway. After deducting 'necessary
overhead expenses this sum was equiv
alent to about $400 a mile.
Obviously no permanent results
could be obtained from such a distribu
tion. In another county, where heavy
rains and severe winters could not fail
to make the roads nearly impassable
with the superficial construction adopt
ed, bonds were issued to the amount of
.$300,000. The money was devoted to
light grading on an excessive mileage,
without any attempt at surfacing.
The use of public credit to develop
public wealth is tbe first argument for
highway bonds. A mile of road sus
taining 3,000 tons of travel a year
would pay interest and retirement on
$1,000 in 4 per cent bondB if tbe cost
of hauling were reduced about 2.4
cents a ton mile.
Financing tbe maintenance of a road
is just as important as financing its
construction. Failures of good roads
movements are often the direct results
of failures properly to provide for sys
tematic maintenance. It is undoubted
ly necessary in general to establish a
direct tax for annual repair and main
tenance of bond built highways. When
highway bonds are Issued It should be
understood that within a few years
there will be, besides tbe tax for in
terest and retirement, an additional
tax for repairs and maintenance If the
regular road tax within the county is
not already sufficient The experts
point out that this repair and main
tenance charge Is inevitable, and It Is
sound business to face the repair and
maintenance charges in the beginning.
—Country Gentleman.
ROAD BUILDING IN SCHOOLS.
Plan In
to Interest Oklahoma Boys
Good Roads Movement..
The good road educational movement
is to reach the country boy in Oklaho
ma through the rural schools, as tbe
result of advocacy of such a plan by
Colonel Sidney Suggs of Ardmore, state
highway commissioner, who has secur
ed tbe indorsement and co-operation of
other prominent state officials.
The plan as outlined by Colonel
Suggs is to organize a good roads and
tree planting club in every rural school
in .the state, have the county or state
highway engineer visit the schools, fol
lowing the organization of tbe clubs,
and proceed to lay out one-fourth or
one-balf mile of road leading from the
schoolhouse. In every instance the
school club shall assist in the survey,
tiie laying out of the road, in securing
the easements from tbe abutting prop
erty owners. The club boys shall car
ry tbe cbaln, set the grade stakes, learn
just bow plans and profits are made
and be taught that tbls- piece of good
road will be used for generations to
come.
Only the building of a common dirt
road wlli be undertaken at the start by
the boys. They will be taught that if
they desire in tbe future to put gravel
or macadam on the road that they
have In the well built dirt road a foun
dation already prepared for such an
improvement In this manner, too,
they may be taught to use such mate
rials as are most suitable and conven
ient at the time and tbe nearest at
hand.'
Read Construction In Nsw Mexlee.
A total of 1828,000 was expended for
road construction In New Mexico dur
ing 1914. according to a report from
tbe office of State Engineer James A.
French. It Is also reported that dur
ing 1915*8620.000 will be expended ex
clusive of an issue of 8600,000 of'state
bonds which have not yet been aold.
Among the Improvement projects
which wilt be taken up during 1916 are
the Santa Fe-Taos road, the Los La
nas-Gallup road, the Ocean to Ocean
highway from Socorro to
the
Arizona
line, the All Southern route and a por
tion \of the Borderland route.
iHM'M
POPULAR MECHANICS
Making an Oak Stain.
To make old oak of ash. elm, box
alder, chestnut, maple, yew and syca
more wood use a solution of copper
acetate or Iron acetate. Either of these
can be made by allowing a strong acid
to cbme in contact with copper or iron.
Acetic add, or vinegar, will do for the
add. The chemical can be obtained
from a local druggist if It is not de
sired to make tbe stain. By varying
the strength of tbe solution several
shades may be obtained. A weak solu
tion of iron acetate gives various brown
bues. As tbe strength of tbe salt in
creases by concentration the shades of
brown darken.
How Blued 8teel Is Produced.
Heat bluing, which Is familiar to
every one, is applied to watch and
clock hands, buttons, buckles and a
large variety of steel articles and gives
a finish of a pleasing blue or black
color, which is not. however, so very
resistant to corrosion. It is produced
in several ways, such as dipping tbe
parts in a bath of molten saltpeter,
beating them on an Iron plate In the
air or tumbling the& in a sheet Iron
barrel heated by a gas flame. Re
volvers and similar parts are very
Dften given a fine blue finish by beating
In charcoal.—Engineering Magazine.
Protecting the Bed Hammock.
Owing to the size and weight of a
bed hammock it is generally left out
side in all kinds of weather. A good
plan is to fasten two awning pulleys
to the ceiling of tbe porch over the
hammock so that a rope may be run
through them then attach books to the
ends of. the rope for booking into the
lower part of the hammock. Tbe ham
mock can then be pulled up close to
the celling when not in use so that It
will be out of the sun and rain.
Furnace For Soft Metals.
Experimenters desiring to make
small castings of zinc, brass, copper
and other metals of low fusion point
will find tbe simple furnace Illustrated
suitable to their requirements, says
Popular Mechanics. The body of the
furnace was made of an old ten gallon
milk can, which was lined on tbe in
side witb fire brick, whereupon a base
about four Inches high was built up
with tbe brick In the bottom for the
FUBNACB MADE OF MILK
•, 'iM
W*mK" ?°*r '*m
CAN.
crucible. A crucible six Inches in di
ameter and eight Inches high was set
on the built up base, tben two walls of
fire brick were built up on each side of
tbe crucible to within four Inches of
tbe top of tbe shell. The cover for the
top is lined with fire clay.
A bole three inches In diameter was
cut In the shell on one side and a four
Inch hole on the other. These boles
should be located so that the smaller
one enters tbe side at the center of one
compartment formed by tbe walls and
crucible, and tbe other
makeB
an out­
let in tbe other division, both holes
being near the bottom of tbe can. Tbe
flame from a Bunsen burner. A, is di
rected through the smaller hole against
the crucible and by tbe walls deflected
upward along tbe side of the crucible
and over the top, thence down the op
posite side and out
Mixing Battery Solution.
To secure uniformity of solution the
water and acid should be well mixed
before pouring it into the battery cells.
In mixing the water should be placed
in a porcelain or enamel ware dish and
the acid added slowly, Btlrrlng continu
ously with a clean wood paddle. Mix
ing causes the mixture to become quite
warm, and the solution should not be
placed In tbe cells until It has cooled
down.—Automobile Dealer.
Winds Favorable to Forest Fires.
Tbe weather bureau has recently
made some study of the meteorological
conditions favoring the occurrence of
forest Ores and bas tentatively estab*
llsbed a spedal service for Issuing
warnings of the hot dry winds which
seem to be a frequent antecedent and
accompaniment of such Ores in tbe
valuable timbered regions of the west
'Bending Lesd
Tubes.'". 0
When small lead tubing Is bent with
sharp turns It will frequently crack or
break unless special precaution'are
vaed to prevent It One of the
sat and simplest methods to ov
the difficulty Is to wind the place with
•everel layers of fine flexible wire be
fore trying to make the bend. .. ...
^hen Cylinder* Misfire.
As a rule, when miming occurs In
one cylinder at slow speed and firing Is
right at fast speed the fault consists of
too wide a spark gap In the plug of
that cylinder.
that cylinder. Khpioved. sg -V
OIL THK STONE ROADS.
We know now that the whole
secret of holding stone roads
lies In oiling them. With mod
ern methods ef oiling under pres
sure a surface can be maintained
even under exceedingly heavy
traffic. The oiling preventa the
"dusting" of the roads and their
consequent disintegration, which
is very rapid without oiling un
der fast moving automobile
travel. Of course, if tbe traffic
Is so heavy that it breaks down
tbe top course of tbe road, that
is a different matter. Roads of
other than stone construction are
needed to meet tbls condition.—
John N. Carlisle, Commissioner
of Highways of New York.
MOTORING NEW YORK.
Remarkable Increase of Automobiles In
New York State.
By FRANCIS M.HUCO. Secretary of State
Nowhere during tbe last few years
has the progress of automobllism been
more rapid than In New York state.
Fourteen years ago the number of mo
torcars running on tbe highways of the
state was negligible, and less than 1,000
registered with tbe state license bu
reau during 1901. Today there are no
less than 170,000 registered In the
state alone, to say notblng of tbe
i,750,000 registered In other states.
There are therefore in round num
bers 1,800,000 automobiles in use in tbe
United States, more than double the
total of all tbe other countries In the
world, and a lArge number of these
cars registered In other states motor
through Xew 1'ork during the touring
season.
One outstanding feature which makes
this development so marvelous Is that
there are at present but a few thou
sand miles of good highways compared
with tbe vast system of improved
highways which Is yet to be under
taken by the state. Permanent roads
made of hard stone are being gradually
constructed throughout the state, but
these exist at present in comparatively
few places, principally outside tbe vi
cinity of centers of population, while
dirt roads constitute over 70 per cent
of the available highways on which
motorcars are operated.
In some places a maximum speed of
six miles per hour limit is fixed, while
in others ten miles, a speed slower
than that of an ordinary horse drawn
light traffic, is enforced. The police In
other instances have been given ex
traordinary powers tp effect an Instant
arrest in case of small offenses against
bylaws or traffic rules. But many one
time manifestations of prejudice have
already disappeared, and tbe more pro
gressive centers are devising more rea
sonable regulations and are consider
ing bow automobiles can be made more
useful for public service.
In many cases "joy riders" have, of
course, to be dealt with like those per
sons who have more money than
brains. They drive recklessly and en
danger life, irritate the public and give
motoring a bad name. But tbey are
few in comparison with tbe number
of motorists who drive reasonably and
sbow every possible consideration for
others.
As to tbe future motoring in New
York, there is no doubt tbat before
long there will be at least 200,000
registered In New York state and up
ward of two million can in use in the
United States, and public attention
hereafter will more than ever be
directed toward proper highway con
struction and maintenance.
POINTS FOR ROAD DRAGGING.
Pithy Advioe For This Important
Method of Improving Highwaya.
The following points are to be borne
in mind in dragging a road:
Make a light drag, which is hanled
over the road at an angle of'about for
ty-live degrees, so that a small amount
of earth is pushed to the center of tbe
road.
Drive tbe team at a walk.
Ride on the drag. Do not walk along
tbe side.
Begin at one side of tbe road or
wheel track, returning on tbe opposite
side.
Drag the road as soon after every
rain as possible, but not wben tbe mud
is in such a condition as to stick to tbe
drajr.
Do not drag a dry road.
Drug whenever possible at all sea
sons of the year. If a road Is dragged
Immediately before a cold spell It will
freeze 1u a smooth condition.
The width of the traveled way to be
maintained by the drag should be from
sixteen to twenty feet. First drag a
little more than the width of a single
wheel track tben gradually Increase
until the desired width Is obtained.
Always drag a little earth to tbe cen
ter of the road until It Is raised from
ten to twelve Inches above the edge of
the traveled way.
If the drag cuts too much shorten the
hitch.
The amount of earth that tbe drag
will carry along can be very consider
ably controlled by tbe driver accord
ingly as be stands near the cutting
edge or away from It
The best results from dragging are
obtained only by repeated applications.
Read Improvement Slew
Only 10 per cent of all the roads in
the United States have been Improved.
Of the .Individual states Ohio leads
with 37 per cent of Improved roads
New Teney bas 28 ipr cent New York
17 per cent, or 7 per cent above the av
erage of tbe country as ai whole. Penn-
Ivanla has only 4 per cent of Its roads
1
v^wp^
The
Checkerboard Man
By WILLIAM CHANDLER
A stagecoach was bowling along over
a road on "tbe plains," tbey being
tbat portion of tbe continent lying be
tween tbe Missouri river and the
Rocky mountains. There were half
a dozen passengers inside the coach,
half of whom were ladles, and live
men outside. Four of the outsiders
were of the roughest element of the
region, which in those days was not at
all smooth. On tbe seat with the driv
er sat a man In a checkerboard suit
The four men In bis rear were talk
ing in a vein not at all appropriate for
the ears of ladies and so loudly tbat
they could easily be beard In tbe coach
below. Tbe man In tb4 checkerboard
suit upon hearing a very coarse remark
turned and looked at tbe man who
made it, but said nothing.
"My young friend," said tbe man look
ed at, "do you see anything to admire
in my appearance?'
"I don't see anything to admire in
your language."
Tbe man hitcbed a revolver around
from bis bip, saying, "Wbat d'ye think
o* that?"
"1 have no use for firearms never
carry 'em myself."
The other clinched bis fist "Wbat
d'ye think o* tbat?"
"Ob, that's something I can under
stand. I carry-those tools myself."
"Well, then, if you find anything
more about me you don't like you'U
get it behind the ear."
The checkerboard man made no re
ply to this, but wben the other launch
ed forth another coarse remark, accom
panied by an oath, the former turned
and said In a subdued voice:
"I say, my friend, you want to talk
in a way that is unpleasant to my sen
sitive ears. We can't both have our
own way. How would it do for us to
stop the coach, get down and have a
friendly set-to to settle the matter?"
"What! A little whippersnapper like
you fight a six footer like me! I'd spoil
your clothes."
"Ob, that won't matter. I can take
them off above the waist'
"Go him, Jim," said one of the other
men.
"Go him! Why, ef I'd hit him real
hard 1 might break him. He's too
purty to be smashed like a piece o'
chiney."
Jim's companions were anxious .to
see a mill and insisted upon bis ac
cepting the challenge. The coach was
halted. The two principals walked
a short distance from It followed by
most of tbe men Inside and outside,
while tbe driver remained on the box
and tbe ladies crowded to tbe win
dow. Tbe checkerboard man threw off
his coat and vest, while his antagonist
remained in woolen shirt and trousers
tucked in bis boots. One of tbe men
relieved him of bis revolver, while an
other drew a ring witb tbe point of a
dirk knife on the ground. When all
was ready the principals started for
the center of the ring.
The spectators were looking for the
fight to begin when they were startled
at seeing Jim lying on his back. His
antagonist had planted bis fist un
der bis jaw so quickly tbat ordinary
eyesight was incapable of following
tbe action. Jim sat up and looked
about him, Indicating tbat be scarcely
understood what bad happened. Tben
he rose to bis feet, but before be could
squarie himself on bis legs he was
down again.
He began to get riled and. jumping
up with. fair agility, went for his
enemy like a bull, aiming a blow at
his cheek. But his enemy was not
there, and before Jim could aim an
other blow an arm was around bis
neck, and be was receiving a quick
succession of taps on his nose, bring
ing a stream of blood, which trickled
on the virgin soil of Colorado. He
struggled desperately to free himself,
but that crooked arm was like Iron and
was choking him. When both eyes
were closed and bis nose resembled a
beet be was released and stood totter
ing and groping. One of bis party went
to him and led him back to tbe coach.
Every one understood wbat the
fight was about and all united in a
shout of triumph. Tbe conquered man
was helped up on to the coach by bis
friends. Tbe checkerboard man re
sumed bis coat and vest and climbed to
his seat by tbe driver. Wben all were
aboard tbe driver chirruped to the
horses and the coach rolled on. It bad
been stopped just seven minutes.
At the next relay was an eating
bouse, where dinner was served. All
left the coach and before dining gath
ered around the checkerboard man, of
fering blm congratulations, tbe ladles
of tbe party being especially compli
mentary In their remarks. The four
men who had done the loud talking
kept by themselves, biit wben the con
queror was granted a respite bis victim
shuffled up to him and put out his
hand.
"8tranger," he said, "wbar did ye
learn bow to handle yer fists?"
"Oh, that's my profession. I run a
school for boxing in Chicago."
"Y' don't mean It!"
Witb tbat the fellow slunk away,
and wben tbe coach started up again
neither he nor apy of bis Mends waa
with It Tbey had received so many
marks of disfavor from tbe pasengera
tbat tbey did not care to finish the
journey with them. As for the check*
erboard man. be had the satisfaction
of being a hero for tbe rest of tbe ride,
and at the parting every lady gave blm
some trinket as a memento of ber grat
Itude,
:""v
1
AROUND THE DAIRY.
Tbe milking qualities of a cow
are a result of inherited tenden
cies. but at tbe same time tbey
can be materially atimulated
with tbe right kind of care and
One of the fortunate things
about dairying la tbe truth that
a cow that is *a good milker
usually produces a healthy calf.
The dairy fanner realizes that
tbe comfortable cow is tbe most
profitable cow, and that induces
him to look after the comfort of
all his stock.
It is best to keep tbe cows
from developing objectionable
traits. This will sometimes hap
pen, but tbe right kind of han
dling is usually the best preven
tive.
The amount of milk a cow
gives is Important but tbe trait
of milking for a long period Ib
still more important This can
frequently be developed by han
dling.
FEEOINO THE DAIRY
COWS FOR PROFIT
"Tbe milk flow is most abundant in
May and June hence the wise dairy
man tries to duplicate May and June
conditions—in other words, study na
ture and follow nature," was the ad
vice of Professor O. E. Reed, head of
the dairy department Kansas State
Agricultural college, in a recent ad
dress on "Feeding Dairy Cows." "The
feed at tbat season is not only the most
It Is said by admirers of the Ayr
shire cow that while she gives a
good flow of milk as a two-year
old, she steadily increases it until
nine or ten, thereby having the ad
vantage of most of the dairy breeds
in at least two more years of use
fulness. She is hardy and tough, a
good feeder and not dainty in her
appetite and thrives on rough food,
but
is
Spreading Abortion.
fore and after service by Injecting
therein a solution, of an efficient non
irritating disinfectant The helferr
tint have 'beeii bred to this bull, should.
be treated In tbe same mangier asj
4'
far from slow to respond to
good treatment. She is a very per
sistent milker, giving a uniform
quantity well up to another calv
ing.
The
cow pictured Is a pure
bred Ayrshire.
abundant of tbe year, but is also pal
atable, succulent easily digested and
balanced for milk production hence
the wise dairyman sees tbat bis cows
have a ration that combines the above
characteristics.
"Wben tbe pastures flry up or get
short some provision should be made
to supplement them. Silage or green
crops may be fed at this time. This is
tbe most critical time In tbe milking
period of tbe cow, and sbe must not be
neglected.
"Winter feed should also be pat
terned after the abundant pastures of
May and June. Dry roughage does not
do this. Silage or roots are needed to
supply succulence. Silage does not
meet all the requirements. It is not a
'balanced ration.' Tbe ration to be
balanced must contain .protein, the
muscle builder, and hence^, Important
In milk production, and also catbohy-*
drates, which furnisb beat energy and
fat Such feeds as alfalfa, cowpea
and clover bay. cottonseed and linseed
meal and gluten feeds are high in pro
tein, and bran and oats are fairly high.
Such feeds as silage, timothy, cane
millet and Sudan grass hay and the
fodders and straws are low in, pro
tein and high in carbohydrates. Tbe
grains of corn and tbe sorghums have
tbe same characteristics nence grain
and roughage both chosen from, one
of either of these groups is not prop
erly balanced. We should choose feeds
from both groups. Silage or any
roughage of the second group shouldt
be fed witb bran, oats, etc., and not:
witb corn, ollmeal or Kaffir chop. Al
falfa or any roughage of tbe first
group sbould be fed with corn, Kaffir
and grains of this class. Silage an4
alfalfa make a most excellent rough
age ration, but tbe high producing cow
will need some grain also.
"The dry cow sbould receive special'
care. Sbe sbould be fed a liberal ra
tion of bran and oats In additlon^to
roughage and be allowed to put'fthi
considerable flesh. This will give her
more vigor for tbe next year's work:
and enable her to produce more and
cheaper milk."
,v Jg
though It were known absolutely that S
tbey wera lnfected with the
Klous abortion germ.—Kimball's Dairy -f/s
II
The practice of using tbe same bub
that is. being used in an abortive herd
on cows and heifers free flom abortion vjM
Is a very dangerous practice and oar
that la unwarranted. There Is *o
method more certain of spreading-'con
taglous abortion than this. As a pre
caution. however,.in owe ft ssems ad
visable or necessary to fOUow this
practice, the sheath of the boh In ques-f ., ..
tlon sbould be thoroughly .cleansed be*
lif